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in the early days, before he spoke chinese and with little clue where it would lead, zach brown printed up a business card. translated from chinese, it read:
"i play american football. you look like a dude who could play. contact us here."
brown, now 29, was a former division i player working in the international business world. he loved football and wanted to keep playing while based in shanghai, but he also understood the potential for growth in the world's most populated nation. brown and another former college player, chris mclaurin, formed the american football league of china and began recruiting players -- handing out chinese business cards to one big dude at a time.
a shanghai nighthawks player stretches before the american football league of china championship game in january. courtesy aflc
today, the aflc includes about 1,000 players on 16 teams throughout china, the most significant football league in a country that now counts about 5,000 men and women playing some level of tackle football. while it is a small number relative to china's population of 1.35 billion, it has grown mostly in the past five years and is part of a larger movement -- supported in some cases by the nfl, but unknown to most americans -- to spread what is perceived to be a uniquely american game around the globe.
the emergence of german wide receiver moritz boehringer, the first player to be drafted into the nfl directly from a european league (sixth round, minnesota vikings), brings a new level of attention. but for the moment, at least, international football is a world of football-industrial diplomacy where long-term health concerns and nfl-related cynicism have not yet descended.
editor's picks saints qb neal took long road to nfl griffin neal didn't know what lay ahead when he went to play semi-pro football in germany. and he certainly couldn't have foreseen the chain of events that ended with him landing an nfl contract.
according to the international federation of american football, there are 80 countries with organized federations governing the game, from china to germany to south africa. overall, ifaf's best estimate is that there are thousands of leagues and hundreds of thousands of boys, girls, men and women playing at levels ranging from high school to soccer-like club leagues powered by player dues and local sponsors. china's leagues received a boost recently when the nfl acknowledged plans to stage a game there in 2018. the country also will host the under-19 world championship this summer at harbin university of commerce, in the heilongjiang province of northeast china.
boehringer's entry into the draft mix, meanwhile, was a reminder of the steadily increasing level of play in europe. it's still nowhere close to the nfl, and it will be a while -- if ever -- before international prospects feed the nfl talent pool on a regular basis. but the skill level is growing at a rate worth watching from afar.
"i don't think people back home understand how tied america and football are," brown said. "football is so inherent in our culture. but the more the game spreads outside of it, the better. everywhere i go in china, people just love football, and a big part of it is that it's american.
belgrade sbb vukovi players line up before the 2015 european champions league final. the serbian squad lost to sweden's carlstad crusaders in the title game. marko djuric/ifaf
"it's good for american business, too, and not just the nfl. the more popular football is, the more sales you have for their companies like nike and under armor. it's good for american business and for portraying a positive impact of the country outside the u.s., and that's because these guys love playing so much. it's very rewarding to introduce it to them."
china
while brown was handing out chinese-language business cards on the streets of shanghai, ken li was putting 33 years of western living into action.
a chinese national, li lived and worked throughout the u.s. and canada before returning to china in 2011. in the process, he grew into an nfl fan while also noticing the regional success of the canadian football league across the border. back in china, he formed the american football union and began working to bring football to the high school and college levels. as brown did with the aflc, li used american coaching consultants to teach rules and schemes to what proved an eager audience.
"i just thought it was a great game," li said from beijing. "the sportsmanship, teamwork and discipline of it all appeal here, i think."
aflc co-founders chris mclaurin, with mic, and zach brown, with trophy, take part in the celebration with the league's 2015 champions, the shanghai warriors. courtesy aflc
and so does, of course, the potential for business. in america, the nfl's annual revenues have reached $13 billion. the league is attempting to grow that number to $25 billion by 2027, and china's vast resources and population offer an obvious market. the league has staffed a marketing office in china for a decade, and li is hopeful of drawing 10,000 people for this summer's under-19 championships.
it's another small number for a country so large, and most games in china draw no more than 5,000 fans. but the sport's five-year growth from almost nothing is notable, and a new television-friendly arena league is scheduled to debut in the fall.
a glance at youtube videos of chinese games reveals familiar plays and rhythm but a decidedly smaller set of players. brown said the average lineman in the aflc weighs 250 pounds.
"it's a smaller game," brown said, "but there are some big dudes here. we just need time to find them."
ultimately, the endgame of staging chinese football leagues could be to enhance curiosity about the nfl. consider that two countries with long histories of american football, the united kingdom and mexico, are expected to draw more than 350,000 to four nfl regular-season games they host in 2016.
the nfl's strategy to grow its popularity in china includes clinics, such as this one featuring hall of famer joe montana in guangzhou in 2013. chinafotopress/getty images
"people in china have so much interest in the nfl," li said. "and it has become very accessible, either watching games on the web or sometimes on tv. and there's been a lot more interest of late in playing, but that will take a long time to develop. there is no comparison to the nfl at all. i always say that if we put the best players in china on an all-star team, the level might be similar to a division iii in the ncaa. that gives you the best-case scenario of what we're seeing here."
spanning the globe
as operators of american football international, roger kelly and john mckeon might be the world's top authorities on american football abroad. their website exists at the intersection of promoting the game, covering results for interested fans, and serving as a first contact for scouts -- including some from nfl teams -- seeking leads or information. kelly, a former cfl executive, works from sweden and mckeon from new york city.
the highest-level international football outside of america or canada is played in germany and austria, kelly said. mckeon, who has played club-level football in france, compared the collective european squad to "lower-level division i or division ii" in the united states.
the nfl's most recent regular-season game in mexico was in 2005. the league will return to estadio azteca for monday night football in november when the raiders face the texans. ap photo/marco ugargte
"that's the type of competition it is at the moment," mckeon said. "these teams practice every day and have some standout skill players, but the overall size and speed of these teams is less than a top-level division i program."
mexico, whose long history with american football dates to 1896, fields competitive national teams and is one of two countries besides the u.s. -- along with canada -- with a true professional league that pays players enough to make it a full-time job during the season. japan, meanwhile, has a competitive corporate entity known as the x league, made up of teams of players from the companies where they work. japan's national team has advanced to the finals of the quadrennial ifaf world championship in four of the past five tournaments. (the 2015 title went to the u.s., which has won each of the three times it has competed.)
the under-19 world championship in china will include teams from canada, mexico, australia, austria, japan and china, according to li.
from a participation standpoint, the united kingdom has surpassed all other countries/regions along a time frame roughly parallel to the nfl's increased regular-season presence there. nfl teams will play three games in london in 2016, two at wembley stadium and one at twickenham stadium. internal nfl numbers count 13 million nfl/american football fans in the u.k., and 4 million u.k. residents tuned in to watch super bowl 50, according to the nfl's u.k. office. according to kelly, registered players in the u.k. doubled to 50,000 between 2011 and 2014. there are roughly 35,000 registered players in germany and about 23,000 in france.
according to 2014 data, 50,000 men and women were registered to play american football in the united kingdom. the nfl's annual games there have helped the sport's popularity grow. courtesy plastow photography
local u.k. games average between 500 and 1,000 fans in attendance. teams in brazil, another country the nfl has targeted for a possible game, record wild fan interest. in some cases, according to kelly, they're challenging established club soccer teams with 15,000 fans per game. the corinthian steamrollers, founded in 2004 and based in sao paulo, boast more than 1.4 million likes on their facebook page.
the politics of the ifaf -- it doesn't recognize all national federations, and not all federations recognize it -- makes an accurate worldwide count of participation difficult. so does the churn of progress. in south africa, organizers held an april training camp to gauge interest and skill level for a proposed new league. in recent weeks, kelly and mckeon have received calls from interested parties in zimbabwe, uganda and nairobi -- all asking for advice on how to start a tackle football league.
ncaa/nfl talent pipeline
participation aside, the more relevant question for stateside fans might be whether international players can ever supplement the nfl talent pool. sports fans of a certain age remember the nba's european infusion in the 1980s -- drazen petrovic, vlade divac, arvydas sabonis and others -- and wonder if it could happen in football. international athletes now represent 20 percent of nba players and 25 percent of major league baseball players, according to roster analysis performed within the past year by both leagues.
"the biggest difference right now is the size and speed of players in europe and elsewhere," mckeon said. "you're just starting to see the level of coaching and physical training rising with some of these top-end teams. that will slowly close the gap for the biggest obstacle that is holding back some of these players. the floodgate isn't going to open, but you'll slowly see guys like boehringer getting noticed and getting a chance."
"in terms of the nfl, players are one thing, but in terms of fan base, as more football happens here, and more fans become educated, you'll see it grow more from an entertainment standpoint than maybe as a player pool." zach brown, american football league of china co-founder
at the moment, the number of international players in the nfl is so miniscule that the league doesn't officially track the numbers. before last week's draft, pro football reference's database counted 23 players who attended high school outside of the united states, about 0.9 percent of the total players on offseason rosters. more than half (12) were from canada. at least one such player has been drafted in nine of the past 10 years.
according to the most recently available ncaa statistics, meanwhile, there were 260 players across all divisions -- 0.4 percent -- from international high schools during the 2014-15 season. again, canada was by far the most common. the conclusion? the nfl isn't close to receiving an nba-like international talent infusion.
"the big thing is we need time to mine out the guys," the aflc's brown said from china. "football is getting bigger, but it has a long way to grow to become something the nfl can get players from.
"i could see not far from now that there will be some [more] division i players. in terms of the nfl, players are one thing, but in terms of fan base, as more football happens here and more fans become educated, you'll see it grow more from an entertainment standpoint than maybe as a player pool."
ethical questions
for now, the international football movement is growing despite stateside concerns about the long-term health of players' brains and bodies. put bluntly: how much do international players know about the risks associated with tackle football?
regions wanting to promote american football but lacking in expertise have imported coaches for training and clinics, like this one held recently in south africa. courtesy gridiron rsa
the ifaf has a formal partnership with usa football, the nfl's amateur outreach arm. that makes the heads up football training program available to any national federation that joins, and many leagues import american coaches and consultants to help establish modern techniques.
but implementation is a local and often individual choice. in china, brown said his league uses usa football guidelines and also teaches the seattle seahawks' hawk tackle approach, which allows players to practice safe tackling even in shorts and t-shirts.
"we get to set the standards and norms for our league," brown said. "but some of the obscure cities out there, they might not have that kind of coaching. but they have players who want to play, and that's what they're going to do. it can be a little dangerous. all you can do is try to impart as much knowledge as possible. a lot of people want to play this game."
after all, there are plenty of big dudes out there, in every corner of the globe, whether you realize it or not.
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kɛnt ˈɛlkɪnz, əv ˈʤɔrʤə (ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ frəm ˌɔskiˈoʊlə ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs) ə roʊd reɪʤ ˈɪnsədənt ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ə pɔrt st*. ˈlusi ˈfæməli həz lɛd tɪ ə ˈʤɔrʤə ˈmoʊtərɪst biɪŋ ʧɑrʤd wɪθ əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər wɪθ ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm, ə ˈflɔrɪdə ˈhaɪˌweɪ pəˈtroʊl ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən sɛd ˈsənˌdi. ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, ə ˈmɑzdə ˌɛsˌjuˈvi ˈdrɪvən baɪ ˈrɛnəld, 48 əv pɔrt st*. ˈlusi, wɑz faɪərd əˈpɑn waɪl əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ pæs ə ˈsaʊθˌbaʊnd ˈviɪkəl ɔn ˈflɔrɪdəz ˈtərnˌpaɪk, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ. noʊ wən wɑz ˈɪnʤərd ɪn ðə ˈɪnsədənt ðət ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ˈɔrɪnʤ ˈkaʊnti ənd kənˈtɪnjud saʊθ ˈɪntu ˌɔskiˈoʊlə ˈkaʊnti əˈbaʊt p.m*., əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt. waɪf ənd sən wər ɪn ðə ˌɛsˌjuˈvi æt ðə taɪm. kɔld 911 ˈtrupərz stɑpt ˈmoʊtərɪst kɛnt ˈɛlkɪnz, 52 æt p.m*. ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈviɪkəl, ˈɔfɪsərz faʊnd ə ˈloʊdɪd bərˈɛtə ˈhændˌgən ðət ˈɛlkɪnz sɛd hæd ˌæksəˈdɛnəli faɪərd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə. ɪt stɪl hæd wən raʊnd ɪn ðə ˈʧeɪmbər ənd θri ɪn ə ˈmægəˌzin. ˈɛlkɪnz, əv ˈpɛləm, ˈʤɔrʤə, wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər, ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd əˈsɔlt wɪθ ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm, ˈʃutɪŋ æt ə ˈviɪkəl ənd ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤɪŋ ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ɪn ðə ˈpəblɪk. hi ɪz biɪŋ hɛld ɪn ðə ˌɔskiˈoʊlə ˈkaʊnti ʤeɪl ɪn lu əv beɪl. mɔr: rɪʧ ˈkæmbəl: ˈkɛrfəl, ðət ˈəðər ˈmoʊtərɪst maɪt bi ɑrmd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə, hi ˈdɪdənt hæv ə kənˈsild ˈhændˌgən ˈpərˌmɪt fər ðə ˈwɛpən, wɪʧ bɪˈlɔŋd tɪ hɪz waɪf. ən ˈwɛpən ˈɔlsoʊ wɑz faʊnd ɪn ˈviɪkəl, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz faʊnd wən ˈbʊlət ɔn ðə ˈflɔrˌbɔrd əv ˈɛlkɪnz' ˈviɪkəl. ðə ˈmoʊtərɪsts hæd ˈdɪfərənt ˈvərʒənz əv hu wɑz ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl əˈgrɛsər ɛz ðeɪ droʊv saʊθ ɔn ðə ˈtərnˌpaɪk. ˈtrupərz kˈwoʊtɪd ˈɛlkɪnz ɛz seɪɪŋ ˈviɪkəl əˈproʊʧt frəm bɪˈhaɪnd "æt ə haɪ reɪt əv spid ənd wɑz ɪm" ɛz hi wɑz droʊv wɪθ hɪz waɪf ənd tu meɪlz. "(ˈɛlkɪnz) hɪt ðə breɪks tɪ meɪk ðə ˈviɪkəl gɪt əˈweɪ frəm ɪm," ˈɛlkɪnz sɛd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ˈɛlkɪnz sɛd ˈviɪkəl ðɛn spɛd əraʊnd ɪm ənd "slæmd ɔn ðə breɪks" ˈæftər ˈsəmθɪŋ wɑz θroʊn æt ˈɛlkɪnz' ˈviɪkəl. ˈɛlkɪnz gɑt hɪz ˈhændˌgən frəm ˈəndər ðə ˈstɪrɪŋ wil, ðə gən æt ˈviɪkəl "θru ən ˈoʊpən ˈwɪndoʊ," ənd ə ˈbʊlət wɛnt ɔf, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ərˈɛst rɪˈpɔrt. hi ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd tɪ gɪt baɪ ənd sɔ "ðə ˈdraɪvər (sheltra*) hoʊld ə gən ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈviɪkəl." sɛd ðə ˈɪnsədənt ˈstɑrtɪd wɪθ ˈɛlkɪnz "sˈlæmɪŋ ɔn hɪz breɪks," ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪm swərv tɪ əˈvɔɪd ə kəˈlɪʒən. hi pæst, ənd ðeɪ "ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ pleɪ ə kæt ənd maʊs geɪm" ˈfɑloʊɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. frəm ðə bækˈsit, sən jɛld "gən ənd sɔ ə gən ˈpɔɪntɪd æt ðə ˌɛsˌjuˈvi, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. "hi sɔ ðə ˈməzəl flæʃ ənd ðə saʊnd əv ə ˈfaɪˌrɑrm biɪŋ faɪərd. hi dɪˈspleɪd hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl ˈfaɪˌrɑrm ɛz (ˈɛlkɪnz) droʊv pæst hɪz ˈviɪkəl." æst baɪ waɪ hi ˈdɪdənt rɪˈpɔrt ðə ˈɪnsədənt, ˈɛlkɪnz sɛd "ðət hi θɔt ɪt hæd bɪn ˈoʊvər wɪθ," əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt. ˈkʊdənt bi riʧt fər ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈsənˌdi. mɔr: ˈfeɪtəl ˈstæbɪŋ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən kənˈtɪnjuz ɪn ˈɪndiən ˈrɪvər ˈkaʊnti rɛd ər ʃɛr ðɪs ˈstɔri:
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kent elkins, of georgia (photo: contributed photo from osceola county sheriff's office)
a road rage incident involving a port st. lucie family has led to a georgia motorist being charged with attempted second-degree murder with a firearm, a florida highway patrol spokeswoman said sunday.
on saturday afternoon, a mazda suv driven by reynold sheltra, 48, of port st. lucie, was fired upon while attempting to pass a southbound vehicle on florida's turnpike, according to fhp.
no one was injured in the incident that started in orange county and continued south into osceola county about 3:45 p.m., according to a fhp report.
sheltra's wife and son were in the suv at the time. sheltra called 911.
troopers stopped motorist kent elkins, 52, at 4:13 p.m. inside the vehicle, officers found a loaded beretta handgun that elkins said had accidentally fired, according to the fhp. it still had one round in the chamber and three in a magazine.
elkins, of pelham, georgia, was arrested on charges of attempted second-degree murder, aggravated assault with a firearm, shooting at a vehicle and discharging a firearm in the public. he is being held in the osceola county jail in lieu of $270,000 bail.
more: rich campbell: careful, that other motorist might be armed
according to the fhp, he didn't have a concealed handgun permit for the weapon, which belonged to his wife.
an unfired weapon also was found in sheltra's vehicle, according to the fhp report. investigators found one 9mm bullet on the floorboard of elkins' vehicle.
the motorists had different versions of who was the initial aggressor as they drove south on the turnpike.
troopers quoted elkins as saying sheltra's vehicle approached from behind "at a high rate of speed ... and was tailgating him" as he was drove with his wife and two 18-year-old males.
"(elkins) hit the brakes to make the vehicle get away from him," elkins said, according to the report.
elkins said sheltra's vehicle then sped around him and "slammed on the brakes" after something was thrown at elkins' vehicle.
elkins got his handgun from under the steering wheel, andpointed the gun at sheltra's vehicle "through an open window," and a bullet went off, according to the arrest report.
he accelerated to get by and saw "the driver (sheltra) hold a gun inside the vehicle."
sheltra said the incident started with elkins "slamming on his brakes," making him swerve to avoid a collision.
he passed, and they "started to play a cat and mouse game" following each other, according to the report.
from the backseat, sheltra's son yelled "gun and saw a gun pointed at the suv, according to the report. "he saw the muzzle flash and the sound of a firearm being fired. he displayed his personal firearm as (elkins) drove past his vehicle."
asked by fhp why he didn't report the incident, elkins said "that he thought it had been over with," according to the report.
sheltra couldn't be reached for comment on sunday.
more: fatal stabbing investigation continues in indian river county
read or share this story: https://www.tcpalm.com/story/news/2017/06/11/port-st-lucie-couple-shot-turnpike/387435001/
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ˈjuˌtub brɔt wən smɔl bət nit ʧeɪnʤ: ə ˈʤɛsʧər ðət lɛts ju ɪkˈspænd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ tɪ fɪt ən ɪnˈtaɪər dɪˈspleɪ. sɪns moʊst ˈvɪdioʊz ər meɪd fər ðə ˈfɔrˌmæt, blæk bɑrz wʊd sɪt ɔn iʧ saɪd əv ðə dɪˈspleɪ wɪn jʊr vjuɪŋ ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊz ɪn moʊd, wɪʧ sɔrt əv dɪˈtræktɪd frəm ðə ˌɪˈluʒən əv ˈhævɪŋ ðət bɪg ˈʃaɪni ˈnɪrli dɪˈspleɪ. wɪθ ˈoʊnli ðə ˈpɪksəl 2 səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈʤɛsʧər, ˈlivɪŋ ˈəðər bɪˈhaɪnd. naʊ wiv ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðət əv ðə ˈjuˌtub æp meɪks ðə ˈʤɛsʧər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə ˈgæləksi ənd ˈpɑsəbli mɔr dɪˈvaɪsɪz. ju kən si ɪt ɪn ˈækʃən ɪn ðə bɪˈloʊ: ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðət ðə ˈʤɛsʧər ˈwəzənt ˈwərkɪŋ fər ɪm ɪn ɔn ðə bət ɪz ɔn ju kən græb ðət ɔn frəm ðə pleɪ stɔr ər frəm ˈmɪrər ɪf ɪt ˈɪzənt lɪv fər ju jɛt.
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youtube 12.40 brought one small but neat change: a pinch-to-zoom gesture that lets you expand the video to fit an entire 18:9 display. since most videos are made for the 16:9 format, black bars would sit on each side of the display when you're viewing youtube videos in fullscreen mode, which sort of detracted from the illusion of having that big shiny nearly full-front display.
with 12.40, only the pixel 2 supported the gesture, leaving other 18:9 smartphones behind. now we've verified that v12.44 of the youtube app makes the gesture available to the galaxy s8+, lg v30, and possibly more devices. you can see it in action in the gif below:
artem verified that the gesture wasn't working for him in v12.43 on the s8+ but is on v12.44.52. you can grab that on from the play store or from apk mirror if it isn't live for you yet.
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ʃɛr. ˈsupər saiyans*. ˈsupər saiyans*. ənd ˈfaɪnəli, wiv kəm tɪ ðə ɛnd. 64 timz ˈɛnərd ɑr ˈsupər tim ˈtʊrnəmənt 2016 bət ɪn ðə ɛnd, ˈoʊnli wən rɪˈmeɪnd: ðə ˈhɪroʊz əv ˈdrægən bɔl zi tʊk daʊn ˈmɑrvəlz ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl raʊnd əv ɑr ˈtʊrnəmənt, ˈərnɪŋ ðɛr ˈraɪtfəl pleɪs ɛz ˈsupər tim ˈtʊrnəmənt ˈʧæmpiənz. teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə fʊl ˈbrækɪt bɪˈloʊ tɪ si haʊ ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈtʊrnəmənt pleɪd aʊt. klɪk hir fər vju! ɪn keɪs ju mɪst ˈɛni əv ðə ˈpriviəs raʊnz, ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈvɪdioʊz bɪˈloʊ tɪ kæʧ əp ɔn ɔl ðə ˈækʃən əv ðə ˈpriviəs raʊnz. ðə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp raʊnd ˈɛksət ˈθiətər moʊd ðə ˈfɪrsəm fɔr ˈɛksət ˈθiətər moʊd ðə ˈɛpɪk eɪt ˈɛksət ˈθiətər moʊd ðə ˈstənɪŋ 16 ˈɛksət ˈθiətər moʊd raʊnd 2 ˈɛksət ˈθiətər moʊd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈsupər tim ˈtʊrnəmənt 2016 ˈɛksət ˈθiətər moʊd soʊ ər ju ˈhæpi wɪθ zi ˈfaɪtərz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə goʊld? dɪd jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt tim gɪt rɑbd ɪn ən ˈərliər raʊnd? lɛt ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnt bɪˈloʊ, ər ɔn tˈwɪtər ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈhæʃˌtæg.
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share. super saiyans. super saiyans.
and finally, we've come to the end. 64 teams entered our super team tournament 2016, but in the end, only one remained:
the heroes of dragon ball z took down marvel's x-men in the final round of our tournament, earning their rightful place as 2016's super team tournament champions. take a look at the full bracket below to see how the entire tournament played out.
click here for hi-res view!
in case you missed any of the previous rounds, check out the videos below to catch up on all the action of the previous rounds.
the championship round
exit theatre mode
the fearsome four
exit theatre mode
the epic eight
exit theatre mode
the stunning 16
exit theatre mode
round 2
exit theatre mode
about the super team tournament 2016
exit theatre mode
so are you happy with z fighters taking the gold? did your favorite team get robbed in an earlier round? let us know in the comment below, or on twitter using the #superteam2016 hashtag.
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““the* ˈɪnʤən ɪz ðə hɑrt əv ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn, bət ðə ˈpaɪlət ɪz ɪts soul.”*.” ˈwɔltər ˈrɔli ʃʊd nɑt hæv ˈɛni ˈspɛʃəl ˈfɑndnəs fər ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈwɛpən, ər ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls, fər ðət matter.”*.” mijɑˈmoʊtoʊ ˈæʤəl ˈpaɪləts: ənd fju ˈpipəl noʊ mɔr əˈbaʊt flaɪɪŋ ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn ðən prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈpaɪləts, əˈspɛʃəli ðoʊz hu flaɪ ˈpipəl ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld ˈɛvəri deɪ. ɛz ðə sən əv ə ˈpaɪlət, aɪ wɑz ɪn ə ˈkɑkˌpɪt wɪθ maɪ ˈfɑðər ɛz jəŋ ɛz fɔr ər faɪv jɪrz oʊld. ˈɑnəstli aɪ ˈivɪn ˈriˌkɔl, bət ðə blæk ənd waɪt ˈpɪkʧərz aɪ ˈʧɛrɪʃ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ə ˈkɑkˌpɪt ər ðɛr tɪ riˈmaɪnd mi aɪ wɑz ˈhæpi! waɪ æm aɪ ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðɪs? bɪˈkəz flaɪɪŋ ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn, ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθəd laɪk ər hæv ə lɔt ɪn ˈkɑmən, ənd wi kən lərn frəm ðɪs kəmˈpɛrəsən. ðə ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən əv ə ˈpaɪlət bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ðə ˈθɪri əv flaɪt, mæθ, ˈfɪzɪks, ˈɛrˌpleɪn məˈkænɪks, ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ˈpræktɪs. ðɛr ər ˈpɛrəˌlɛlz wɪθ ˈlərnɪŋ ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθədz, bət ðə ki ˈdɪfərəns ɪz ðət ˈæftər ˌgræʤəˈweɪʃən ˈpaɪləts gɪt juzd tɪ flaɪɪŋ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈɛrpleɪnz, frəm ə smɔl ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪnʤən ˈsɛznə tɪ ə juʤ boʊɪŋ 777 ðə ˈbeɪsɪks ʧeɪnʤ, bət ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈpræktɪs əv flaɪɪŋ ɪz ˈgreɪtli ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns flaɪɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛrˌkræfts, fər ˈdɪfərənt ˈpərpəsɪz ɪn ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz. ðə bɛst ˈpaɪləts ˈnɛvər sis ˈlərnɪŋ, ðeɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ɛz ˈvæljəbəl ɛz ˈθɪri ɪz, ˈlərnɪŋ baɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns əkˈwaɪərd waɪl flaɪɪŋ ɪz ˌɪnˈvæljəbəl. biɪŋ ˈtruli ˈæʤəl ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈvɛri məʧ laɪk biɪŋ ə ˈpaɪlət. wəns ju gɪt jʊr ˈbeɪsɪk ˈtreɪnɪŋ, ənd flaɪ ə ˈsɪmpəl ˈɛrˌkræft ðə rɛst əv jʊr groʊθ dɪˈpɛndz ə lɔt ɔn jʊr ɪkˈspɪriəns ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ˈdɪfərənt ˈprɑʤɛkts, wɪθ ˈdɪfərənt timz, ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt səˈluʃənz ər ˈprɑdəkts. kən ju ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl bɪtˈwin ˈlərnɪŋ tɪ flaɪ ənd biɪŋ ˈæʤəl? ɪt ɪz ˈvɛri məʧ əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪsɪks daʊn, ənd biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ pərˈfɔrm ðɛm. wi kʊd seɪ ðət ɪn ə weɪ ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθədz ər ˈsɪmpli ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛrpleɪnz, ˈdɪfərənt weɪz tɪ kruz ðə skaɪz wɪθ ən ˈæʤəl ˈmaɪndˌsɛt. ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪzɪŋ iʧ ˈɛrˌkræft, waɪ nɑt ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈmæstərɪŋ ðɛm ənd bɪˈkəmɪŋ ə greɪt ˈæʤəl ˈpaɪlət? ðə seɪm weɪ noʊ ˈsɪŋgəl pleɪn kən bi ðə ˈænsər tɪ ɔl flaɪɪŋ nidz, noʊ ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθəd kən bi ðə ˈænsər tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. wɪn dɪz ə ˈpaɪlət noʊ ðət ən ˈɛrˌpleɪn ɪz ðə rɔŋ tul fər ðə ʤɑb? wɪn ðə ˈɛrˌkræft ˈkænɑt pərˈfɔrm ˈgɪvɪn ðə kənˈstreɪnts əv ðə ʤiˈɑgrəfi, ˈbɪznɪs, ˈwɛðər ənd ˈdɪstənsɪz. ɪn ðət keɪs ˈpaɪləts, ˈɛˌrlaɪnz, ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz noʊ ɪz taɪm tɪ juz ə ˈdɪfərənt pleɪn. ðət ɪz waɪ wi hæv lɔŋ reɪnʤ pleɪnz laɪk ðə boʊɪŋ 777 æmˈfɪbiəs pleɪnz ðət kən lænd ɔn ˈwɔtər laɪk ðə də ˈhævələnd ˈɑtər, faɪər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɛr ˈtæŋkər pleɪnz laɪk ðə ənd ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni mɔr ɪn ðə dɪˈfɛns ˈɪndəstri. soʊ wɛr dɪz fɪt ɛz ən ˈæʤəl ˈɛrˌpleɪn? fərst ɪt ɪz gʊd tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðət ɪz wən əv ˈmɛni ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθədz ər ˈfreɪmˌwərks. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ə ˌtɛmpərˈmɛntəl ˈɛrˌkræft, tɪ flaɪ ɪt ðə ˈfreɪmˌwərk dɪˈmændz ðət ɔl ɪts kəmˈpoʊnənts ər rulz əv ðə geɪm bi ˈfɑloʊd tɪ ðə ˈlɛtər. bət ɪn rɪˈtərn ɪt dɪz ˈɔfər ə ˈfɛrli ˈifɛktɪv ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθəd ðət ˈæˈdrɛsɪz ðə nidz əv ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ənd ˈprɑdəkt kriˈeɪʃən kwaɪt wɛl. ɪz ɪt ðə ˈænsər tɪ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ? noʊ, bət ɪt dɪz hɛlp ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ɔn ðɛr ˈʤərni tɪ bi ˈæʤəl. ɪt ɪz ə gʊd ˈɛrˌpleɪn fər ðə ˈpaɪləts ðət flaɪ ɪt. ɔn əˈkeɪʒən ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈɛrˌkræft dɪz nɑt fɪt ðə ˈprɑbləm, ðə ˈmɑrkɪt dɪˈmændz ər ðə ˈkəlʧər əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət wɔnts tɪ flaɪ ɪt. wət tɪ du ɪn ðɪs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən? wi səˈʤɛst ðət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ wɪθ ɪt, ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ fɪt ə skwɛr pɛg ɪn ə raʊnd hoʊl prəˈfɛʃənəlz ʃʊd bi boʊld ɪˈnəf tɪ lərn haʊ tɪ flaɪ əˈnəðər pleɪn:! naʊ, gʊd ðət ju noʊ ðət həz ə fju ˈɛrˌkræft ˈmɑdəlz ɪn ðə ˈmɑrkɪtˌpleɪs ɔˈrɛdi, wən əv ðɛm: ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈwɛlkəmz. ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd ɪz ˈæʤəl ənd lin laɪk, bət ɪt ɪz məʧ ˈlaɪtər, jɛt rɪˈmeɪnz ˈpaʊərfəl. ðə ˈlaɪtnəs kəmz frəm ðə fækt ðət ɪt dɪˈmændz noʊ nu roʊlz ɪn ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, ɪt kən stɑrt wɪθ ðə tim ɛz ɪz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən ɪt dɪz nɑt ˈmænˌdeɪt ˈmitɪŋz, ju mit wɪn ɪt meɪks sɛns, ənd ðə ˈmitɪŋ æd ˈvælju. mɔˈroʊvər ˌɪtəˈreɪʃənz ər sprɪnts ər ˈɔpʃənəl, waɪ? bɪˈkəz ɪt lɛts ju ˌdɪˈsaɪd jʊr oʊn dɪˈlɪvəri ˈfrikwənsi, ənd ˈivɪn ˈɔfərz ðə ˈɔpʃən əv kənˈtɪnjuəs dɪˈlɪvəri əv ˈvælju. ðɛr ər ˈmɛni mɔr ædˈvæntɪʤɪz tɪ eɪs, bət ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ pɑrt ɪz ðət wi ər ˈædɪŋ ə nu tɪ ɪt: eɪs. eɪs ˌbiˈfɔr kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ, wi wʊd laɪk tɪ seɪ ðət wi ər nɑt ðə fərst tɪ kəm əp wɪθ ðɪs aɪˈdiə. ˈkɔri ˈlɑdəz roʊt əˈbaʊt ɪt ɪn hɪz rɪˈmɑrkəbəl 2009 bʊk:. hi ɛnˈvɪʒənd laɪk wi hæv, ɛz ə weɪ tɪ teɪk prəˈfɛʃənəlz tɪ. laɪk, ðə eɪs tɛkˈnik ɪz nɑt ə ˈhaɪbrɪd ˈæʤəl ˈmɛθəd, ɪt ɪz ə trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ fər prəˈfɛʃənəlz tɪ ˈmæstər ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd ˈfæstər, ənd tɪ əˈdæpt ɪt tɪ ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs, ər ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈɛfərts. soʊ waɪ ər wi ˌriɪnˈvɛntɪŋ ðə wil? wi ər nɑt. bʊk wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fərst əˈbaʊt fər ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt, soʊ ə bɪg pɑrt əv hɪz məˈtɪriəl rɪˈfərz tɪ leɪɪŋ ðə faʊnˈdeɪʃən fər ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɛz ə ˈmɛθəd, əˈspɛʃəli fər ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd eɪs ɪz ə fər ˈpaɪləts, ɪt ˈbeɪsɪkli teɪks ɔf wɛr ɛndz; naʊ ðət ju noʊ ju wɔnt tɪ muv tɪ: haʊ du ju əˈkɑmplɪʃ ðət ɪgˈzæktli? ʤɪst tɪ neɪm ə fju ˈtɑpɪks ˈkəvərd: wət ˈhæpənz wɪθ ðə roʊlz, ðə tim, ðə sprɪnts, ðə ˈmɛtrɪks, ənd ˈbæˌklɔg ˈgrumɪŋ? eɪs ˈfoʊkɪsɪz ɪn ðiz ˈpræktɪkəl ˈɪʃuz əv ˈmuvɪŋ frəm tɪ. ˌbiˈfɔr ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə ˈditeɪlz əv eɪs, ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ɪkˈspleɪn ɪts faʊnˈdeɪʃən: ˈoʊpən ənd ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd. ˈoʊpən ɪn brif ˈoʊpən ɪz ən ˈæʤəl ənd lin ˈmɛθəd, ðət ɪz ˈoʊpən sɔrs ənd ˈəltrə laɪt. ɪt ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzɪz ənd ɛmˈbreɪsɪz faɪv ki ˈvæljuz: rɪˈspɛkt ˈpipəl. ækt wɪθ kərɪʤ. ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈvælju. kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt ənd kəˈlæbərˌeɪt ənd ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ʧeɪnʤ rikˈwaɪərz ə hoʊˈlɪstɪk əˈproʊʧ. ɪn əˈdɪʃən ˈoʊpən həz fɔr ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ lɛd ɪn jʊr ˈæʤəl ˈʤərni: lɛd ˈjuzɪŋ ə tim əˈproʊʧ, ˈvɪʒwəˌlaɪz ðə ˈwərkˌfloʊ, rɪˈdus beɪs (ə weɪ tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs jʊr ˈɛfərts) ənd lərn ənd ˌɪmˈpruv kənˈtɪnjuəsli. ɪn ə fju ˈmɪnəts ju kʊd rɛd ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈoʊpən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt, ər ə kwɪk gaɪd ɔn haʊ tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ɪt. ðɪs wʊd bi ðə fərst stɛp ˈɪntu noʊɪŋ ðɪs ˈæʤəl ˈɛrˌkræft. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ju wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪs ðət ɪts skoʊp ɪz pərˈhæps tu ˈnɛroʊ, tu laɪt fər jʊr nidz. ðət ɪz wɛr ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd, ənd eɪs kəm ˈɪntu pleɪ. eɪs ɪn brif wɪn wi kriˈeɪtɪd ˈoʊpən wi ˈwɔntɪd ə ˈmɛθəd ðət ju kʊd ˈizəli ɪkˈstɛnd, ˈmɑdəˌfaɪ ənd əˈdæpt tɪ jʊr ˌriˈæləˌti. ɪt wɑz dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ bi ˈəltrə laɪt, soʊ ɪt kʊd bi ɪkˈstɛndɪd baɪ ˈəðər ˈmɛθədz ðət ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈɛriə. ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli wən əv ðoʊz ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈmɛθədz. ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd teɪks ɔl əv ðə ˈoʊpən ˈmɛθəd ənd ædz ˈsɛvərəl tɛkˈniks ənd ˈpræktɪsɪz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈvælju, ənd əˈʤɪləti fər ˈsɔfˌwɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt, ɪt ənd ˈbɪznɪs. səm tɛkˈniks ər juzd fər ˈæʤəl ˈplænɪŋ eɪs mæp), ˈəðərz ər fər grooming”*” (rɪˈdusɪŋ beɪs tɛkˈniks), ər tɪ ɛnˈhæns kəˈlɛktɪv ˈlərnɪŋ ɪn ə ˈmitɪŋ ˈmitɪŋz), wən rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈkəstəm wərk floʊz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli mɔr ˈvælju ɔn iʧ ˌɪtəˈreɪʃən gɪrz) ənd ˈmɛni mɔr. wət wɑz ˈmɪsɪŋ wɑz ə trænˈzɪʃənɪŋ tɪ hɛlp prəˈfɛʃənəlz ˈlɛvərɪʤ ðɛr ˈæʤəl ˈnɑlɪʤ, tɪ lərn ðə eɪs ˈmɛθəd ˈfæstər, ənd stɪl kip ðə moʊst ˈjusfəl aɪˈdiəz əv; wɛl ðət ɪz prɪˈsaɪsli wət eɪs ɪz ɔl əˈbaʊt. ɔn ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wi wɪl ˌɪntrəˈdus ðə eɪs, ənd wi wɪl ˈditeɪl haʊ tɪ ˈlɛvərɪʤ ˈmɛni ˈkɑnsɛpts səʧ ɛz ðə sprɪnt, ənd roʊlz ɪn ðə ˈkɑntɛkst əv. wi wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ ʃoʊ ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv ðə əˈproʊʧ fər ðoʊz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ɪmˈbreɪs ɪt, ənd lərn tɪ flaɪ əˈnəðər ˈæʤəl lin ˈɛrˌkræft.
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“the engine is the heart of an airplane, but the pilot is its soul.” ~ walter raleigh
“you should not have any special fondness for a particular weapon, or anything else, for that matter.” ― miyamoto musashi
agile pilots: kanban and scrum
few people know more about flying an airplane than professional pilots, especially those who fly people all over the world every day. as the son of a pilot, i was in a cockpit with my father as young as four or five years old. honestly i can’t even recall, but the black and white pictures i cherish inside a cockpit are there to remind me i was happy! why am i telling you this? because flying an airplane, and using an agile method like kanban or scrum have a lot in common, and we can learn from this comparison.
the education of a pilot begins with the theory of flight, math, physics, airplane mechanics, physical training and practice. there are parallels with learning agile methods, but the key difference is that after graduation pilots get used to flying a variety of airplanes, from a small single engine cessna to a huge boeing 777. the basics change, but the actual practice of flying is greatly influenced by the pilot’s experience flying different aircrafts, for different purposes in a variety of circumstances. the best pilots never cease learning, they recognize that as valuable as theory is, learning by experience acquired while flying is invaluable.
being truly agile is actually very much like being a pilot. once you get your basic training, and fly a simple aircraft the rest of your growth depends a lot on your experience working on different projects, with different teams, building different solutions or products.
can you notice the parallel between learning to fly and being agile? it is very much about having the basics down, and being able to perform them. we could say that in a way the different agile methods are simply different airplanes, different ways to cruise the skies with an agile mindset. instead of criticizing each aircraft, why not focus on mastering them and becoming a great agile pilot? the same way no single plane can be the answer to all flying needs, no agile method can be the answer to everything.
when does a pilot know that an airplane is the wrong tool for the job? when the aircraft cannot perform given the constraints of the geography, business, weather and distances. in that case pilots, airlines, and businesses know is time to use a different plane. that is why we have long range inter-continental planes like the boeing 777, amphibious planes that can land on water like the de havilland otter, fire fighting air tanker planes like the beriev be–200; and many, many more in the defense industry.
so where does scrum fit as an agile airplane? first it is good to remember that is one of many agile methods or frameworks. however scrum is also a temperamental aircraft, to fly it the scrum framework demands that all its components or rules of the game be followed to the letter. but in return it does offer a fairly effective agile method that addresses the needs of software development, and product creation quite well. is it the answer to everything? no, but it does help a lot of people on their journey to be agile. it is a good airplane for the pilots that fly it.
on occasion however scrum’s aircraft does not fit the problem, the market demands or the culture of the company that wants to fly it. what to do in this situation? we suggest that instead of fighting with it, and trying to fit a square peg in a round hole scrum professionals should be bold enough to learn how to fly another plane: kanban!
now, good that you know that kanban has a few aircraft models in the marketplace already, one of them: the kanban ace method actually welcomes scrum. the kanban ace method is agile and lean like scrum, but it is much lighter, yet remains powerful. the lightness comes from the fact that it demands no new roles in the organization, it can start with the team as is. in addition it does not mandate meetings, you meet when it makes sense, and the meeting add value. moreover iterations or sprints are optional, why? because it lets you decide your own delivery frequency, and even offers the option of continuous delivery of value. there are many more advantages to kanban ace, but the interesting part is that we are adding a new toolkit to it: scrum ace.
scrumban & scrum ace
before continuing, we would like to say that we are not the first to come up with this idea. corey ladas wrote about it in his remarkable 2009 book: scrumban. he envisioned scrumban like we have, as a way to take scrum professionals to kanban. like scrumban, the scrum ace technique is not a hybrid agile method, it is a transitioning toolkit for scrum professionals to master the kanban ace method faster, and to adapt it to their business, or software development efforts.
so why are we reinventing the wheel? we are not. corey’s book was also the first about kanban for software development, so a big part of his material refers to laying the foundation for kanban itself as a method, especially for software development.
on the other hand scrum ace is a toolkit for scrum pilots, it basically takes off where scrumban ends; now that you know you want to move to kanban: how do you accomplish that exactly? just to name a few topics covered: what happens with the roles, the team, the sprints, the metrics, and backlog grooming? scrum ace focuses in these practical issues of moving from scrum to kanban.
before explaining the details of scrum ace, it is important to explain its foundation: open kanban and the kanban ace method.
open kanban in brief
open kanban is an agile and lean method, that is open source and ultra light. it recognizes and embraces five key values: respect people. act with courage. focus on value. communicate and collaborate and realize that change requires a holistic approach.
in addition open kanban has four practices to lead in your agile journey: lead using a team approach, visualize the workflow, reduce base (a way to focus your efforts) and learn and improve continuously.
in a few minutes you could read the official open kanban document, or a quick guide on how to implement it. this would be the first step into knowing this agile aircraft. however you will also notice that its scope is perhaps too narrow, too light for your needs. that is where the kanban ace method, and scrum ace toolkit come into play.
kanban ace in brief
when we created open kanban we wanted a method that you could easily extend, modify and adapt to your reality. it was designed to be ultra light, so it could be extended by other methods that focus on a particular area. the kanban ace method is precisely one of those extended methods.
the kanban ace method takes all of the open kanban method and adds several techniques and practices to deliver value, and agility for software development, it and business. some techniques are used for agile planning (kanban ace map), others are for “backlog grooming” (reducing base techniques), or to enhance collective learning in a meeting (h-kanban meetings), one refers to the creation of custom work flows to deliver significantly more value on each iteration (kanban gears) and many more.
what was missing was a transitioning toolkit to help scrum professionals leverage their agile knowledge, to learn the kanban ace method faster, and still keep the most useful ideas of scrum; well that is precisely what scrum ace is all about.
on the second part of this article we will introduce the scrum ace toolkit, and we will detail how to leverage many scrum concepts such as the sprint, and scrum roles in the context of kanban. we will also show the advantages of the kanban approach for those willing to embrace it, and learn to fly another agile - lean aircraft.
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θæŋk ju fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ðət ɑr kəmˈjunɪti nidz! fər ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə bɛst ˈloʊkəl, ˈnæʃənəl, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl nuz ənd məʧ mɔr, traɪ ən ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl səbˈskrɪpʃən: wi hoʊp ju hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd jʊr traɪəl! tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ, wi ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɑr rɛd naʊ peɪ ˈleɪtər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp. ˈsɪmpli æd ə fɔrm əv ˈpeɪmənt ənd peɪ ˈoʊnli pər ˈɑrtɪkəl. *ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl fər 12 mənθ: pləs tæks fər fərst 3 mənθs, fər mənθs 4 6 fər mənθs 7 9 fər mənθs 10 12 ˈstændərd ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl reɪt əv bɪˈgɪnz ˈæftər fərst jɪr. *ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl fər 12 mənθ: pləs tæks fər fərst 3 mənθs, fər mənθs 4 6 fər mənθs 7 9 fər mənθs 10 12 ˈstændərd ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl reɪt əv bɪˈgɪnz ˈæftər fərst jɪr. *ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl fər 12 mənθ: pləs tæks fər fərst 3 mənθs, fər mənθs 4 6 fər mənθs 7 9 fər mənθs 10 12 ˈstændərd ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl reɪt əv bɪˈgɪnz ˈæftər fərst jɪr. *ˌɪntrəˈdəktəri ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈskɛʤʊl fər 12 mənθ: pləs tæks fər fərst 3 mənθs, fər mənθs 4 6 fər mənθs 7 9 fər mənθs 10 12 ˈstændərd ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl reɪt əv bɪˈgɪnz ˈæftər fərst jɪr. θæŋk ju fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ðət ɑr kəmˈjunɪti nidz! fər ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə bɛst ˈloʊkəl, ˈnæʃənəl, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl nuz ənd məʧ mɔr, traɪ ən ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl səbˈskrɪpʃən: wi hoʊp ju hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd jʊr traɪəl! tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ, wi ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɑr rɛd naʊ peɪ ˈleɪtər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp. ˈsɪmpli æd ə fɔrm əv ˈpeɪmənt ənd peɪ ˈoʊnli pər ˈɑrtɪkəl. θæŋk ju fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ðət ɑr kəmˈjunɪti nidz! fər ənˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ðə bɛst ˈloʊkəl, ˈnæʃənəl, ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl nuz ənd məʧ mɔr, traɪ ən ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈdɪʤɪtəl səbˈskrɪpʃən: wi hoʊp ju hæv ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd jʊr traɪəl! tɪ kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ, wi ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ɑr rɛd naʊ peɪ ˈleɪtər ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp. ˈsɪmpli æd ə fɔrm əv ˈpeɪmənt ənd peɪ ˈoʊnli pər ˈɑrtɪkəl. wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs həbz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ðə kənˈtɪnjud groʊθ əv ˈkrɪtɪkəl mæs əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˌɛkspərˈtiz ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt əˈpɑn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd ðə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv fɛr ənd ˈoʊpən proʊˈkjʊrmənt policies,”*,” hi sɛd. ““combined*, ðiz ˈfæktərz wɪl əˈlaʊ fərmz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðɛr ˈloʊkəl ˈprɛzəns ənd ˈgloʊbəl kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnɪs." θɪŋk ˈæmpəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ stɛp əp ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ɪt həz ə ril kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri ɪn ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə ənd ˈwɛstərn canada,”*,” toʊld ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈɪndəstri ər ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfɛdərəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən (bɪl ðət wʊd riˈmuv ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ɔn ɛr ˈkænədə tɪ kip ˈhɛvi ˈɛrˌkræft ˈmeɪntənəns ʤɑbz ɪn ˈwɪnɪpəg. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsərnd ˈɑtəˌwɑ wɪl meɪk ən ənˈtɛndərd ˈpərʧəs əv ˈsupər ˈhɔrnɪt ˈfaɪtər ʤɛts ˈoʊvər ðə ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv wɪʧ həz rɪˈsivd kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈloʊkəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. ˈbɪznɪs ˈlidərz ʤɔɪnd prɛˈmɪr braɪən æt ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ kɔl ɔn ˈɑtəˌwɑ tɪ əˈʃʊr ðət ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑləsiz wɪl nɑt ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri. heɪ ðɛr, taɪm ˈtrævələr! ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt 987 deɪz əˈgoʊ), soʊ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ɪt meɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈkɑrənt. heɪ ðɛr, taɪm ˈtrævələr! ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl wɑz ˈpəblɪʃt 987 deɪz əˈgoʊ), soʊ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪn ɪt meɪ noʊ ˈlɔŋgər bi ˈkɑrənt. ˈbɪznɪs ˈlidərz ʤɔɪnd prɛˈmɪr braɪən æt ðə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈtuzˌdeɪ tɪ kɔl ɔn ˈɑtəˌwɑ tɪ əˈʃʊr ðət ˈfɛdərəl ˈpɑləsiz wɪl nɑt ˈəndərˌmaɪn ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri. ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈɪndəstri ər ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ˈpɛndɪŋ ˈfɛdərəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən (bɪl ðət wʊd riˈmuv ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt ɔn ɛr ˈkænədə tɪ kip ˈhɛvi ˈɛrˌkræft ˈmeɪntənəns ʤɑbz ɪn ˈwɪnɪpəg. ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsərnd ˈɑtəˌwɑ wɪl meɪk ən ənˈtɛndərd ˈpərʧəs əv ˈsupər ˈhɔrnɪt ˈfaɪtər ʤɛts ˈoʊvər ðə ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv wɪʧ həz rɪˈsivd kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈloʊkəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt. "aɪ θɪŋk ˈæmpəl ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ stɛp əp ənd ˈdɛmənˌstreɪt ðət ɪt həz ə ril kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri ɪn ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə ənd ˈwɛstərn ˈkænədə," toʊld ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. "ɛz wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs həbz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ðə kənˈtɪnjud groʊθ əv ˈkrɪtɪkəl mæs əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˌɛkspərˈtiz ɪz dɪˈpɛndənt əˈpɑn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt, ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən ənd ðə kənˌtɪnjuˈeɪʃən əv fɛr ənd ˈoʊpən proʊˈkjʊrmənt ˈpɑləsiz," hi sɛd. "kəmˈbaɪnd, ðiz ˈfæktərz wɪl əˈlaʊ fərmz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðɛr ˈloʊkəl ˈprɛzəns ənd ˈgloʊbəl kəmˈpɛtɪtɪvnɪs." əˈkəmpəniɪŋ ənd ənd θri ˈkæbənət ˈmɪnɪstərz wər: nɪk bɛviˈlɑkwə, dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈgəvərnmənt, kəmˈjunɪti ənd ˈbɪznɪs riˈleɪʃənz wɪθ boʊɪŋ ˈkænədə; ˈbɛri ˈrɛmpəl, ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈwɪnɪpəg ˈɛrˌpɔrts əˈθɔrəti; ˈwɛndəl wib, ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈɔfɪsər əv ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ɪŋk.; bɑb ˈheɪstɪŋz, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv westcard*; ˈlɔrən ˈrɛmɪlərd, ˈɪnˌkəmɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˈwɪnɪpəg ˈʧeɪmbər əv ˈkɑmərs; ənd dɑn, ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt əv nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪθ məˈʤɛlən ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs. læst wik, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈsɛmbli juˈnænəməsli səˈpɔrtɪd ə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈmoʊʃən ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ bɪl ən ækt tɪ əˈmɛnd ðə ɛr ˈkænədə ˈpəblɪk pɑrˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ækt. ðə ækt ɪnˈʃʊrz ə ˈsərtən ˈlɛvəl əv ˈɛrˌkræft ˈmeɪntənəns wərk ɪz ˈkɛrid aʊt ɪn ˈwɪnɪpəg. ˈɔlsoʊ wɔnts əˈʃʊrəntsɪz ðət ɪf bɪl bɪˈkəmz lɔ ɪt ɪz naʊ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈɪndəstri wɪl bi ˈædəkwɪtli ˈkɑmpənˌseɪtəd. hi sɛd hi dɪˈskəst hɪz kənˈsərnz wɪθ ˈʤəstɪn truˈdoʊ wɪn ðə praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈwɪnɪpəg ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. maɪk dil ˈwɪnɪpəg fri prɛs prɛˈmɪr braɪən ʤɔɪnd baɪ ˈkɑligz ɪn hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈmɛmbərz əv ˈbɪznɪs kəmˈjunɪti ənd ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri ɪz ˈstrɛŋθənd. "aɪ hæv bɪn toʊld ðət ɛr ˈkænədə wɪl prəˈvaɪd ˈjuˈɛs wɪθ kəmˈpɛnsəˌtɔri ʤɑb ˌɑpərˈtunətiz. ðiz ər nɑt kəˈmɪtmənts ðət aɪ hæv sin ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti. aɪ hæv ʤɪst hərd ðə wərdz. aɪ nid tɪ si ənd ɑr ˈgəvərnmənt nidz tɪ si ðə didz," ðə prɛˈmɪr sɛd. hi sɛd ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ə "trænˈzɪʃən fənd" tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈtreɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈsɛktər wʊd bi "ə ˈpɑzətɪv fərst stɛp." ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri ənd ðə ˈprɑvɪns sɛd ðeɪ ər ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsərnd ðət ˈɑtəˌwɑ meɪ muv əˈhɛd wɪθ ðə ˈpərʧəs əv ən ˈɛrˌkræft ˈəðər ðən ðə wɪˈθaʊt ən ˈoʊpən ənd trænˈspɛrənt ˈtɛndərɪŋ ˈprɔˌsɛs. sɛd lɑrʤ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts meɪd baɪ məˈʤɛlən ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ɪn ðə pərˈdəkʃən əv kəmˈpoʊnənts fər ðə meɪ bi θˈrɛtənd baɪ ə ˈfɛdərəl dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈɔrdər ðə ˈsupər ˈhɔrnəts. wɔnt tɪ gɪt ə hɛd stɑrt ɔn jʊr deɪ? gɪt ðə ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈstɔriz, ˈwɛðər ˈfɔrˌkæst, ənd mɔr sɛnt streɪt tɪ jʊr ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ. "ɪn ðə pæst, ðə ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ˈɪndəstri ɪn ˌmænɪˈtoʊbə həz ˈsəfərd ˈhɛvi ˈlɔsɪz wɪn dɪˈfɛns ˈprɑʤɛkts wər ˈkænsəld ˈæftər sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈkæpɪtəl ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts hæd bɪn meɪd ɪn boʊθ ˈjumən ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt," hi sɛd., məˈʤɛlən ˈɛroʊˌspeɪsɪz ˈvaɪˈsprɛzədənt, nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, sɛd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪmˈplɔɪz mɔr ðən 150 ɪn ˈwɪnɪpəg, ənd ðət ˈnəmbər kʊd hɪt 300 tɪ 400 ɪn ðə nɛkst fju jɪrz. ˈɑtəwəz ˈɛrˌkræft ˈpərʧəs dɪˈsɪʒən kʊd hæv ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn məˈʤɛlənz ˈbɪznɪs, hi sɛd. "ˈpɑrdən ðə pən hir, bət ˈɛroʊˌspeɪs ʤɑbz lænd ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt. ˈrɪli, ə lɔŋ tərm kəˈmɪtmənt, ə ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt baɪ ɔl ˈpɑrtiz tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ˈmitɪŋ ðə nidz ənd ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts (əv ˈpərʧəsərz)," sɛd. hi sɛd hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni həz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd mɔr ðən 80 ˈmɪljən tɪ meɪk pɑrts fər ðə 65 ˈmɪljən əv wɪʧ həz bɪn ˌɪnˈvɛstɪd ɪn ˈwɪnɪpəg.
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*introductory pricing schedule for 12 month: $0.99/month plus tax for first 3 months, $5.99/month for months 4 - 6, $10.99/month for months 7 - 9, $13.99/month for months 10 - 12. standard all access digital rate of $16.99/month begins after first year.
*introductory pricing schedule for 12 month: $0.99/month plus tax for first 3 months, $5.99/month for months 4 - 6, $10.99/month for months 7 - 9, $13.99/month for months 10 - 12. standard all access digital rate of $16.99/month begins after first year.
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we hope you have enjoyed your trial! to continue reading, we recommend our read now pay later membership. simply add a form of payment and pay only 27¢ per article.
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“as one of the largest aerospace hubs in the country, the continued growth of manitoba’s critical mass of equipment and expertise is dependent upon investment, innovation and the continuation of fair and open procurement policies,” he said. “combined, these factors will allow firms to maintain their local presence and global competitiveness."
“i think there’s ample opportunity for the federal government to step up and demonstrate that it has a real commitment to the aerospace industry in manitoba and western canada,” pallister told a news conference.
government and industry are worried about pending federal legislation (bill c-10) that would remove a requirement on air canada to keep heavy aircraft maintenance jobs in winnipeg. they are also concerned ottawa will make an untendered purchase of f18 super hornet fighter jets over the f-35, the construction of which has received considerable local investment.
business leaders joined premier brian pallister at the legislative building tuesday to call on ottawa to assure manitobans that federal policies will not undermine the local aerospace industry.
hey there, time traveller! this article was published 14/6/2016 (987 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
hey there, time traveller!
this article was published 14/6/2016 (987 days ago), so information in it may no longer be current.
business leaders joined premier brian pallister at the legislative building tuesday to call on ottawa to assure manitobans that federal policies will not undermine the local aerospace industry.
government and industry are worried about pending federal legislation (bill c-10) that would remove a requirement on air canada to keep heavy aircraft maintenance jobs in winnipeg. they are also concerned ottawa will make an untendered purchase of f18 super hornet fighter jets over the f-35, the construction of which has received considerable local investment.
"i think there’s ample opportunity for the federal government to step up and demonstrate that it has a real commitment to the aerospace industry in manitoba and western canada," pallister told a news conference.
"as one of the largest aerospace hubs in the country, the continued growth of manitoba’s critical mass of equipment and expertise is dependent upon investment, innovation and the continuation of fair and open procurement policies," he said. "combined, these factors will allow firms to maintain their local presence and global competitiveness."
accompanying pallister and and three cabinet ministers were: nick bevilacqua, director of government, community and business relations with boeing canada; barry rempel, president and ceo of the winnipeg airports authority; wendell wiebe, chief executive officer of manitoba aerospace inc.; bob hastings, ceo of westcard; loren remillard, incoming president and ceo of the winnipeg chamber of commerce; and don boitson, vice-president of north american operations with magellan aerospace.
last week, members of the manitoba legislative assembly unanimously supported a government motion in opposition to bill c-10, an act to amend the air canada public participation act. the act ensures a certain level of aircraft maintenance work is carried out in winnipeg.
pallister also wants assurances that if bill c-10 becomes law it is now before the senate manitoba's industry will be adequately compensated. he said he discussed his concerns with justin trudeau when the prime minister visited winnipeg earlier this month.
mike deal / winnipeg free press premier brian pallister joined by colleagues in his government and members of manitoba's business community and aerospace industry is calling on the federal government to ensure that manitoba's aerospace industry is strengthened.
"i have been told that air canada will provide us with compensatory job opportunities. these are not commitments that i have seen in reality. i have just heard the words. i need to see and our government needs to see the deeds," the premier said.
he said the establishment of a $20-million "transition fund" to provide training in the aerospace sector would be "a positive first step."
the local aerospace industry and the province said they are also concerned that ottawa may move ahead with the purchase of an aircraft other than the f-35 without an open and transparent tendering process.
pallister said large investments made by magellan aerospace in the production of components for the f-35 may be threatened by a federal decision to order the super hornets.
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"in the past, the aerospace industry in manitoba has suffered heavy losses when defence projects were cancelled after significant capital investments had been made in both human resources and equipment," he said.
boitson, magellan aerospace's vice-president, north american operations, said the company employs more than 150 in winnipeg, and that number could hit 300 to 400 in the next few years.
ottawa's aircraft purchase decision could have a significant impact on magellan's business, he said.
"pardon the pun here, but aerospace jobs don’t land overnight. really, it’s a long term commitment, a long-term investment by all parties to make sure we’re meeting the needs and the requirements (of purchasers)," boitson said.
he said his company has invested more than $80 million to make parts for the f-35, $65 million of which has been invested in winnipeg.
larry.kusch@freepress.mb.ca
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2016 moʊst ˌaʊtˈstændɪŋ dɪˈfɛnsɪv pleɪər, ˈlaɪnˌbækər ˈsɑləmən həz wɪθ ðə laɪənz əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ kəˈneɪdiən prɛs rɪˈpɔrtər dæn rælf. ˈhirɪŋ laɪənz hæv paʊnd ˈsɑləmən. hi wɑz tɔp dɪˈfɛnsɪv pleɪər læst ˈsizən ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf əˈkɪliz ˈɪnʤəri. dæn rælf (@danralphcp*) dɪˈsɛmbər 21 2016 nuz 1130 spɔrts ɪn vænˈkuvər prəˈvaɪdz ˈditeɪlz ɔn ðə pækt. rɪˈkɔrdɪd ə 129 ˈtækəlz læst ˈsizən tɪ goʊ əˈlɔŋ wɪθ eɪt sæks, wən ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃən ənd wən fɔrst ˈfəmbəl. ðoʊz ˈnəmbərz ər ˈivɪn mɔr ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv wɪn ju kənˈsɪdər ðə ˌɔlˈstɑr ˈsəfərd ə əˈkɪliz ˈɪnʤəri ˈsɛvən geɪmz ˈɪntu ðə 2015 kæmˈpeɪn. ðə həˈwaɪˌi ˈprɑdəkt həz spɛnt hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər kərɪr wɪθ ðə ˈlioʊz, pleɪɪŋ 96 geɪmz, rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ 575 ˈtækəlz, 27 sæks, eɪt ˌɪnərˈsɛpʃənz ənd eɪt fɔrst ˈfəmbəlz.
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2016 cfl most outstanding defensive player, linebacker solomon elimimian has re-signed with the bc lions according to canadian press reporter dan ralph.
hearing bc lions have re-signed lb solomon elimimian. he was cfl's top defensive player last season coming off achilles injury. #cfl — dan ralph (@danralphcp) december 21, 2016
news 1130 sports in vancouver provides details on the 30-year-old’s pact.
https://twitter.com/news1130sports/status/811555223290322944
elimimian recorded a cfl-best 129 tackles last season to go along with eight sacks, one interception and one forced fumble. those numbers are even more impressive when you consider the three-time cfl all-star suffered a season-ending achilles injury seven games into the 2015 campaign.
the hawaii product has spent his entire seven-year cfl career with the leos, playing 96 games, recording 575 tackles, 27 sacks, eight interceptions and eight forced fumbles.
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aɪ ləv ˈkʊkɪŋ ənd aɪ ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ə lɔt ɪn ðə ˈkɪʧən, soʊ aɪ θɔt stɑrt ˈpoʊstɪŋ səm əv maɪ ˈrɛsəpiz wɛˈnɛvər ðeɪ ɛnd əp ˈteɪstɪŋ gʊd. aɪ traɪ tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz wət aɪ weɪst ɪn ðə ˈkɪʧən, soʊ wɪn aɪ rɛd əˈbaʊt ˈsɛləri livz ənd haʊ ˈpərfəktli ˈɛdəbəl ənd ˈæˌkʧuəli teɪst ˈprɪti dɑrn gʊd, aɪ wɑz ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ traɪ ðɛm aʊt ɪn ə ˈrɛsəpi. hir ɪz ðə ˈrɛsəpi fər səm ˈpərsɪnəl saɪzd pɑt paɪz aɪ meɪd ðə ˈəðər deɪ wɛr aɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪzd ðɪs ˈjuʒəwəli ˌɪgˈnɔrd ˌɪnˈgridiənt. mmm*, ˈjəmi! pɑt paɪ ˈfɪlɪŋ: 1 paʊnd ˈskɪnləs, ˈboʊnləs ˈʧɪkən brɛst hævz kjubd 1 kəp slaɪst ˈkɛrəts 1 kəp ˈfroʊzən grin piz kəp slaɪst ˈsɛləri kəp ˈbətər kəp ʧɑpt ˈənjən kəp ˈɔlˈpərpəs flaʊər ˈteɪbəlˌspun ʧɑpt ˈsɛləri livz 1 ˈtiˌspun draɪd θaɪm livz 2 hoʊl beɪ livz ɪˈnəf ˈʧɪkən brɔθ tɪ ˈkəvər ˈʧɪkən (ɪt ʃʊd bi æt list ɪf nɑt mɔr ðən 2 kəps) kəp mɪlk sɔlt ənd ˈpɛpər tɪ teɪst 2 ˈbɑksɪz əv 2 9 ɪnʧ) paɪ krəsts ɛnd əp ˈjuzɪŋ ˈoʊnli 3 əv ðə krəsts) 6 5 ɪnʧ) paɪ tɪnz ɛg wɑʃ: 1 ɛg 2 ˈteɪbəlˌspunz ˈwɔtər dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz: ˈəvən tɪ 425 dɪˈgriz ɛf 220 dɪˈgriz si.) ɪn ə ˈsɔˌspæn, ˈkɑmbaɪn ˈʧɪkən, ˈkɛrəts, piz, ˈsɛləri, θaɪm ənd beɪ livz. æd ˈʧɪkən brɔθ tɪ ˈkəvər ənd bɔɪl fər 15 ˈmɪnəts. riˈmuv frəm hit, dreɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr tɪ rɪˈzərv ðə ˈlɪkwɪd, riˈmuv beɪ livz ənd sɛt əˈsaɪd. ɪn ðə ˈsɔˌspæn ˈoʊvər ˈmidiəm hit, kʊk ˈənjənz ɪn ˈbətər ənˈtɪl sɔft ənd trænsˈlusənt. stər ɪn flaʊər ənd ˈsɛləri livz. ˈmɛʒər aʊt 2 kəps əv ðə rɪˈzərvd ˈlɪkwɪd ənd sˈloʊli stər ɪt ɪn əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðə mɪlk. (ɪf ju hæv ɪˈnəf əv ðə rɪˈzərvd ˈlɪkwɪd ju kən ɪt wɪθ mɔr ˈʧɪkən brɔθ, ənd ɪf ju hæv səm lɛft ˈoʊvər ju kən seɪv ɪt ənd juz ɪt ðə nɛkst taɪm ju nid ˈʧɪkən brɔθ!) æd sɔlt ənd ˈpɛpər tɪ teɪst. ˈsɪmər ˈoʊvər hit ənˈtɪl θɪk. mɪks ɪn ðə dreɪnd ˈʧɪkən ˈmɪksʧər. ˌənˈroʊl paɪ krəsts ˈɔntu ə ˈkətɪŋ bɔrd ənd kət ɪn hæf. teɪk wən hæf, pleɪs ˈoʊvər ðə paɪ pæn ənd ˈʤɛntli prɛs ˈɪntu ðə pæn. ju maɪt hæv tɪ koʊks ɪt ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt, bət ɪt ʃʊd wərk aʊt. kət ɔf ðə ˈɛkˌsɛs, roʊl ˈɪntu ə bɔl ənd roʊl ɪt bæk aʊt tɪ kriˈeɪt ðə tɔp əv ðə paɪ. rɪˈpit fər ˈəðər paɪz. fɪl iʧ əv ðɛm wɪθ ðə pɑt paɪ ˈfɪlɪŋ. ˈkəvər wɪθ tɔp krəst, foʊld ˈoʊvər ðə ɛʤ əv ðə krəst ənd juz ə fɔrk tɪ sil ðə ˈɛʤɪz. meɪk ˈsɛvərəl smɔl slɪts ɪn ðə tɔp tɪ əˈlaʊ stim tɪ ɪˈskeɪp. wɪsk ɛg ənd ˈwɔtər təˈgɛðər. brəʃ ðə tɑps əv ðə paɪz wɪθ ðə ɛg wɑʃ. beɪk ɪn ðə ˈəvən fər 20 tɪ 25 ˈmɪnəts, ər ənˈtɪl ˈpeɪstri ɪz ˈgoʊldən braʊn. kul fər 10 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsərvɪŋ. fɪld, ənd ˈrɛdi tɪ bi beɪkt! frɛʃ aʊt əv ðə ˈəvən! aɪ ˈɛndɪd əp ˈoʊnli ˈmeɪkɪŋ fɔr əv ðiz paɪz ənd ˈseɪvɪŋ ðə ˈɛkstrə ˈfɪlɪŋ bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈoʊnli bɔt wən bɑks əv paɪ krəsts, wɪʧ səˈplaɪd mi wɪθ tu 9 ɪnʧ ʃits əv doʊ; ʤɪst ɪˈnəf fər fɔr paɪz. wɛˈnɛvər aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə læst tu paɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli traɪ maɪ hænd æt ˈmeɪkɪŋ maɪ oʊn doʊ.
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i love cooking and i experiment a lot in the kitchen, so i thought i’d start posting some of my recipes whenever they end up tasting good. i try to minimize what i waste in the kitchen, so when i read about celery leaves and how they’re perfectly edible and actually taste pretty darn good, i was excited to try them out in a recipe. here is the recipe for some personal sized pot pies i made the other day where i utilized this usually ignored ingredient.
mmm, yummy!
pot pie filling:
1 pound skinless, boneless chicken breast halves – cubed
1 cup sliced carrots
1 cup frozen green peas
3/4 cup sliced celery
1/3 cup butter
1/3 cup chopped onion
1/3 cup all-purpose flour
1/2 tablespoon chopped celery leaves
1 teaspoon dried thyme leaves
2 whole bay leaves
enough chicken broth to cover chicken (it should be at least if not more than 2 cups)
2/3 cup milk
salt and pepper to taste
2 boxes of 2 (9 inch) unbaked pie crusts (you’ll end up using only 3 of the crusts)
6 (5 inch) pie tins
egg wash:
1 egg
2 tablespoons water
directions:
preheat oven to 425 degrees f (220 degrees c.)
in a saucepan, combine chicken, carrots, peas, celery, thyme and bay leaves. add chicken broth to cover and boil for 15 minutes. remove from heat, drain making sure to reserve the liquid, remove bay leaves and set aside.
in the saucepan over medium heat, cook onions in butter until soft and translucent. stir in flour and celery leaves. measure out 2 cups of the reserved liquid and slowly stir it in along with the milk. (if you don’t have enough of the reserved liquid you can suppliment it with more chicken broth, and if you have some left over you can save it and use it the next time you need chicken broth!) add salt and pepper to taste. simmer over medium-low heat until thick. mix in the drained chicken mixture.
unroll pie crusts onto a cutting board and cut in half. take one half, place over the pie pan and gently press into the pan. you might have to coax it a little bit, but it should work out. cut off the excess, roll into a ball and roll it back out to create the top of the pie. repeat for other pies. fill each of them with the pot pie filling. cover with top crust, fold over the edge of the crust and use a fork to seal the edges. make several small slits in the top to allow steam to escape.
whisk egg and water together. brush the tops of the pies with the egg wash.
bake in the preheated oven for 20 to 25 minutes, or until pastry is golden brown. cool for 10 minutes before serving.
filled, eggwashed and ready to be baked!
fresh out of the oven!
i ended up only making four of these pies and saving the extra filling because i only bought one box of pie crusts, which supplied me with two 9 inch sheets of dough; just enough for four pies. whenever i decide on making the last two pies i’ll probably try my hand at making my own dough.
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ən ˈɛldərli prist həz bɪn kɪld ɪn ə ˈhɑstɪʤ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn ə ʧərʧ saʊθ əv, ˈnɔrməndi, ˈnɔrðərn fræns ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ baɪ əˈlɛʤd ˈɪsləmɪst əˈtækərz. hɪz ˈkɪlərz, hu ər ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ hæv bɪn ʃɑt dɛd baɪ frɛnʧ pəˈlis. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1630 ˈɛrəbɪk ˈsərmən ˈgɪvɪn ɪn ʧərʧ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈnilɪŋ prist ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd lə ˈfɪgərˌoʊ rɪˈpɔrts ðə əˈkaʊnt əv ə nən hu ˈmænɪʤd tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðə ˈnɔrməndi ʧərʧ ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ waɪl ɪt wɑz ˈəndər əˈtæk baɪ ˈɪsləmɪst ˈkɪlərz ənd reɪz ðə əˈlɑrm. ðə ˈpeɪpər steɪts ðət wən əv ðə ““executioners”*” geɪv ˈɛrəbɪk ˈsərmən frəm ðə altar”*”, ənd ðət dɪˈsist ˈfɑðər ʤæk ˈhæməl wɑz fɔrst tɪ nil ˌbiˈfɔr ðə mɛn wɛnt fər hɪz θroʊt wɪθ ə naɪf. ðə ˈpeɪpər ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈpɔrts boʊθ əv ðə ˈkɪlərz hæd feɪk gənz ənd ˌɪməˈteɪʃən ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1530 ərˈɛst lɪŋkt tɪ ˈkɪlər ən ərˈɛst həz bɪn meɪd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðɪs əˈtæk. frɛnʧ pəˈlis sɛd ðə mæn hɛld ɪn ˈkəstədi wɑz kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ ðə ˈtɛrərɪst hu həz soʊ fɑr ˈoʊnli bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ‘‘ak’*’, hu wɑz ðə ˈkɪlər ɔˈrɛdi noʊn tɪ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈtrækɪŋ dɪˈvaɪs. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1430 ʧərʧ wɑz ɔn ˈtɛrər hɪt lɪst ðə də ʧərʧ əˈtækt ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɑz ɔn ə ˈtɛrər lɪst faʊnd ɔn ðə kəmˈpjutər əv sɪd ˈɑmɛd ɪn ˈɑprəl 2015 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə rɪˈpɔrt baɪ sən. ðə ˈpeɪpər steɪts ðə kəmˈpjutər keɪm tɪ bi ɪgˈzæmənd baɪ ðə ˈtɛrərɪst ˈæftər hi ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ʃɑt hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn ðə lɛg waɪl pərˈpɛrɪŋ ən əˈtæk ənd kɔld ən ˈæmbjələns ɪn ˈpɛrɪs. ðə ʧərʧ wɑz wən əv ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpleɪsɪz əv ˈwərʃɪp ɔn ðə lɪsts əv ˈtɑrgəts tɪ hɪt. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1400 ʧərʧ ˈkɪlər wɑz tɪ sɪˈkjʊrəti services”*” æt list wən əv ðə ˈɪsləmɪsts hu wɑz ʃɑt dɛd baɪ pəˈlis ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈæftər ˈkɪlɪŋ ə ˈkæθlɪk prist wɑz noʊn tɪ frɛnʧ sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈsərvɪsɪz. skaɪ nuz rɪˈpɔrts wən əv ðə ˈkɪlərz wɑz ˈivɪn ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪkəˌli tægd ənd wɑz biɪŋ ˈmɑnətərd baɪ ˈɔfɪsərz. lə ˈfɪgərˌoʊ rɪˈpɔrts ðə ˈkɪlər hæd traɪd tɪ ˈtrævəl tɪ ˈsɪriə ɪn 2015 bət wɑz fɔrst tɪ rɪˈtərn. hi wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈkrɪmənəl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ənd biɪŋ əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ə ˈtɛrərɪst ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ənd dɪˈteɪnd. hi wɑz ˈleɪtər riˈlist wɪθ ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk tæg. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1320 ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt kleɪmz riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, frɛnʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt kənˈfərmz ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæk ˈmidiə ˈsɔrsəz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt hæv kleɪmd ðə ˈtɛrər əˈtæk ɛz ðɛr oʊn, rɪˈmɑrkɪŋ ðət tu əv ðɛr oʊn ““soldiers”*” wər riˈspɑnsəbəl. ˈʃɔrtli bɪˈfɔˌrhænd ðə frɛnʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt toʊld prɛs ðət ɪt wɑz ən ækt əv ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ənd ðət boʊθ əˈtækərz hæd proʊˈkleɪmd ðɛr əˈliʤəns tɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. hi kɔld ɪt ə attack”*”. ˈsteɪtmənt, trænzˈleɪtəd baɪ ˌbibiˈsi ˈɪntu ˈɪŋlɪʃ: ˈəpˌdeɪt 1250 kənˈdɛmz əˈtæks, ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪz æt wɔr wɪθ ðə ˈpipəl əv europe”*” ˈpɑrti dɪˈfɛns ˈspoʊksmən maɪk həz sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ prɛs ðət ˈlidərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ nu praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər tərˈisə meɪ nid tɪ əp ðɛr geɪm tɪ dɪˈfit ˈrædɪkəl ˌɪsˈlɑm. ðə ˈfɔrmər rɔɪəl mərˈin sɛd: ˈleɪtəst əˈpɔlɪŋ ˈmərdər ɪn fræns ʃoʊz ðət ˈmɪlətənt ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪz æt wɔr wɪθ ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈjʊrəp ənd wɪθ ˈpisfəl riˈlɪʤənz. deɪ naʊ wi hæv ə nu ˈstɔri əv ˈblədˌʃɛd ənd ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈlidərz nid tɪ feɪs fækts ˈrəðər ðən spɛnd ðɛr taɪm traɪɪŋ tɪ kənˈvɪns ˈpipəl ðɪs ə ˈprɑbləm. juncker*, ˈmərkəl ənd ˈəðər ˈlidərz hu ˈoʊvərˌsɔ ðə mæs maɪˈgreɪʃən wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni sɪˈkjʊrəti ʧɛks hæv bləd ɔn ðɛr hænz. nidz tɪ əp hər geɪm. ““normandy*, ðə hoʊm əv ðə ˈlændɪŋz wɛr ˈθaʊzənz lɔst ðɛr lɪvz tɪ fri ˈjʊrəp frəm ˈfæʃɪst ˈtɪrəni həz təˈdeɪ ˈwɪtnəst ə ˈdɪfərənt fɔrm əv ˈfæˌʃɪzəm. wi dɪˈfitɪd ðə ˈnɑtsiz soʊ wi kən dɪˈfit ðiz ˈmərdərərz ɪf ɑr ˈlidərz ədˈmɪt tɪ wət wi ər facing.”*.” ˈəpˌdeɪt 1240 poʊp ˈfrænsɪs kənˈdɛmz murder’*’ əv prist ɪn ˈnɔrməndi ɪn ðə ˈrɪtən ˈsteɪtmənt sɛnt tɪ nuz, ˈpeɪpəl ˈspoʊksmən ˈfɑðər fɛdərˈikoʊ lɑmˈbɑrdi, sɛd ðət ðə ˈhoʊli si wɑz ““shocked”*” baɪ ðɪs ˈleɪtəst nuz, wɪʧ ɪz ˈædɪd tɪ ə hoʊl ˈsɪriz əv ˈvaɪələnt əˈtæks ɪn ˈrisənt deɪz, ˌɪˈmɛns ˈsɑroʊ ənd worry.”*.” lɑmˈbɑrdi sɛd ðət ðə poʊp ɪn ðə ˈsɑroʊ ənd ˈhɔrər ˈoʊvər ðɪs əbˈsərd violence,”*,” ˈɔfərɪŋ hɪz ˈrædɪkəl condemnation”*” əv ðə ækt ɛz wɛl ɛz hɪz prɛrz fər ðə ˈvɪktɪmz. rɛd mɔr æt ˈləndən ˈəpˌdeɪt 1230 ˈɪmɪʤ əv sleɪn prist ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə ˈɛldərli ˈfɑðər ʤæk ˈhæməl həz ˈimərʤd ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. ˌgɑrˈsiə, hu wərks nɪr ðə ʧərʧ, toʊld ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ɪkˈsprɛs: wɑz ˈsəmˌwən hu wɑz ˈtrɛʒərd baɪ ðə kəmˈjunɪti. hi wɑz ˈvɛri dɪˈskrit ənd laɪk tɪ drɔ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ himself.”*.” ˈəpˌdeɪt 1220 ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp əv dɪˈskraɪbz əˈlɛʤd ˈɪsləmɪst ˈkɪlərz ɛz ““victims”*” ɪn ˈsteɪtmənt əˈweɪ frəm hɪz ˈdaɪəˌsiz æt ðə wərld juθ deɪ ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃənz ɪn ˈkrɑkɑv, ˈpoʊlənd ðə ˈɑrʧˈbɪʃəp əv həz riˈlist ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ðə dɛθ əv wən əv hɪz prists ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ, wɪʧ ˈstreɪnʤli simz tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ boʊθ ðə sleɪn ˈklərʤiˌmæn ənd hɪz ˈkɪlərz ɛz ““victims”*”. hi sɛd: hæv lərnt wɪθ ˈsædnəs əv ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ æt ðə ʧərʧ əv də. ðə θri ˈvɪktɪmz: ðə prist, ˈfɑðər ʤæk ˈhæməl, 84 ənd ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz əv ðə əˌsæsəˈneɪʃən. ˈəðər ˈpipəl wər ˈɪnʤərd, wən ˈvɛri ˈsɪriəsli. aɪ kraɪ aʊt tɪ gɑd wɪθ ɔl mɛn əv gʊd wɪl. aɪ wʊd ˌɪnˈvaɪt ˌnɑnbɪˈlivərz tɪ ʤɔɪn ɪn ðə kraɪ! ˈəpˌdeɪt 1145 frənt ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈspɑndz tɪ sˈlɔtər ˈlidərz əv ðə ˈsərʤɪŋ ˈpɑrti ðə frənt ˈnæʃənəl hæv rɪˈspɑndɪd tɪ ðɪs əˈtæk. ˈpɑrti ˈlidər mərˈin lə pɛn ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ, rɪˈmɑrkɪŋ ðət ðə ˌloʊˈtɛk, ˈsɪmpəl ˈneɪʧər əv ðə əˈtæk wɪl straɪk fɪr ˈɪntu ðə hɑrts əv ðə frɛnʧ. ʃi sɛd: ˈtɛrər kənˈtɪnjuz ɪn. ðə ˈmoʊdəs ˌɑpərˈɛndaɪ meɪks ɪt klɪr ðət wi hæv tɪ fɪr nu əˈtæks baɪ ˈɪsləmɪst terrorists”*”. ˈɑnˌkɔr. lə ˈmoʊdəs ˌɑpərˈɛndaɪ feɪt ˈjuˈɛn ˈnuvəl də islamistes*. mərˈin lə pɛn (@mlp_officiel*) ˌʤuˈlaɪ 26 2016 nis ˈmɛriən lə pɛn, ˈminˌwaɪl wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ tweeting*. ʃi roʊt: kɪl ɑr ˈʧɪldrən, ˈmərdərɪŋ ɑr pəˈlismɪn ənd sˈlɔtərɪŋ ɑr prists. weɪk up!”*!”. enfants*, ɛt prêtres*. ˈmɛriən (@marionmarechal*) ˌʤuˈlaɪ 26 2016 ˈəpˌdeɪt 1130 ˈmərdər ɪn ˈriʤən ˈfeɪməs fər ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən əv ˈjʊrəp frəm ˈnæzɪzəm ðə ʧərʧ saʊθ əv ɪz ʤɪst 30 maɪəlz ist əv ðə ˈlændɪŋ ˈbiʧɪz wɛr əˈmɛrɪkən, ˈbrɪtɪʃ, kəˈneɪdiən, ənd ˈəðər ˈæˌlaɪd trups ˈlændɪd ɪn 1944 ðə ˈsɪti wɑz ˈhɛvəli bɑmd ɪn ðə ˈbɪlˌdəp tɪ ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən ənd wɑz ˈlɑrʤli riˈbɪlt ˈæftər ðə wɔr. ðə ˈsɪti əv sɪts ɔn ðə ˈrɪvər seɪn ɪn ðə nɔrθ əv fræns ənd ɪz ðə ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə ˈriʤən əv ˈnɔrməndi. frɛnʧ ˈhɛroʊən ənd ““martyr”*” ʤoʊn əv ɑrk wɑz pʊt ɔn traɪəl ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪʤɪz, wɪʧ rɪˈteɪnz ə strɔŋ ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈiθɑs. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1110 prist neɪmd ðə ˈmɑrtərd prist hu əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts wɑz ˈiðər bɪˈhɛdɪd ər hæd hɪz θroʊt kət həz bɪn neɪmd ˈloʊkəli ɛz 86 jɪr oʊld ˈfɑðər ʤæk ˈhæməl. hi wɑz ɔrˈdeɪnd ɪn 1958 ˈəpˌdeɪt 1058 ˈsɛkənd ˈvɪktɪm fər life”*” waɪl wən ˈhɑstɪʤ həz bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd sleɪn baɪ ðə əˈtækərz, əˈnəðər ˈhɑstɪʤ ɪz sɛd tɪ bi fər life”*”. ɪt ɪz nɑt klɪr ɪf ðeɪ wər tu stæbd, ər ɪf ðeɪ wər kɔt ɪn ˈkrɔsˌfaɪr waɪl frɛnʧ pəˈlis ʃɑt dɛd ðə tu əˈtækərz. ˈəpˌdeɪt 1050 pəˈlis spik əv ‘‘islamists’*’ rɪˈpɔrts frəm ˈnɔrməndi ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ səˈʤɛsts ðə əˈtækərz ˈʃaʊtɪd ˈɪsləmɪst sˈloʊgənz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ““daesh”*” ˈɛrəbɪk fər state’*’ ənd ““jihad”*” ɛz ðeɪ ˈɛnərd ðə ʧərʧ. ˈəðər kluz tɪ ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈmoʊtɪv fər ðə ˈbrutəl əˈtæk ðət həz sin ə prist ˈmərdərd ˈpɑsəbli bɪˈhɛdɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrts ˌɪnˈklud rɪˈpɔrts əv ˈloʊkəl pəˈlis ˈspikɪŋ əv ““islamists”*” ənd ðə fækt ðə frɛnʧ ˈprɑsɪˌkjutər həz bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ðə keɪs tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt. ðə ˈstɔri soʊ fɑr: ə ˈhɑstɪʤ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən dɪˈvɛləpt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪli mæs ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɪn tu əˈtækərz ˈɛnərd ə ʧərʧ ɪn, fræns ənd tʊk ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈhɑstəʤəz. bɪtˈwin fɔr ənd sɪks ˈhɑstəʤəz wər θɔt tɪ hæv bɪn ˈteɪkən, ˌhaʊˈɛvər rɪˈpɔrts ɪn frɛnʧ ˈmidiə ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ lə ˈfɪgərˌoʊ naʊ səˈʤɛst ðə prist ˈlidɪŋ ðə mæs hɪz θroʊt cut”*” baɪ ðə əˈtækərz. lə pɔɪnt ˈmægəˌzin rɪˈpɔrts sources”*” ɔn ðə graʊnd hu ˈwɪtnəst ðə əˈtækərz ˈʃaʊtɪŋ ““daesh”*” ˈɛrəbɪk fər state’*’ əˈpɑn ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə ʧərʧ ˈgɪvɪn ðət wən ˈhɑstɪʤ, θɔt tɪ bi ðə ˈpɛrɪʃ prist, wɑz kɪld ˌbiˈfɔr pəˈlis wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɛnd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ə fɔrs ˈspoʊksmən həz sɛd ðɛr wɪl bi ə review”*”. pəˈlis ˈsɔrsəz rɪˈpɔrt ðə tu ˈhɑstɪʤ ˈteɪkərz wər ““neutralised”*” baɪ pəˈlis ənd ər ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ hæv bɪn ʃɑt dɛd. ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈnɔrməndi rɪˈpɔrts pəˈlis ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˈviɪkəlz hæv əraɪvd ənd ˈdəzən shots”*” hæv bɪn faɪərd. ə prist ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈwərʃɪpərz ər ˌəndərˈstʊd tɪ bi əˈməŋ ðə ˈhɑstəʤəz. mɔr ˈfɑloʊz
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an elderly priest has been killed in a hostage situation in a church south of rouen, normandy, northern france this morning by alleged islamist attackers. his killers, who are understood to have been shot dead by french police.
update 1630 — arabic sermon given in church before kneeling priest executed france’s le figaro reports the eye-witness account of a nun who managed to escape the normandy church this morning while it was under attack by islamist killers and raise the alarm. the paper states that one of the “executioners” gave “an arabic sermon from the altar”, and that deceased father jacques hamel was forced to kneel before the men went for his throat with a knife.
the paper also reports both of the killers had fake guns and imitation explosives.
update 1530 — arrest linked to killer an arrest has been made following this morning’s attack. french police said the man held in custody was connected to the terrorist who has so far only been identified as ‘ak’, who was the killer already known to security services and wearing an electronic tracking device.
update 1430 — church was on terror hit list the saint-etienne du rouvray church attacked this morning was on a terror list found on the computer of sid ahmed ghlam in aprile 2015, according to a report by britain’s sun. the paper states the computer came to be examined by the would-be terrorist after he accidentally shot himself in the leg while preparing an attack and called an ambulance in paris.
the rouen church was one of a number of places of worship on the muslim’s lists of targets to hit.
update 1400 — church killer was “known to security services”
at least one of the islamists who was shot dead by police this morning after killing a catholic priest was known to french security services. britain’s sky news reports one of the killers was even electronically tagged and was being monitored by counter-terrorism officers. le figaro reports the killer had tried to travel to syria in 2015 but was forced to return.
he was charged with criminal association and being associated with a terrorist organisation and detained. he was later released with an electronic tag.
update 1320 — islamic state claims responsibility, french president françois hollande confirms terrorist attack media sources associated with the islamic state have claimed the rouen terror attack as their own, remarking that two of their own “soldiers” were responsible. shortly beforehand the french president françois hollande told press that it was an act of terrorism and that both attackers had proclaimed their allegiance to the islamic state. he called it a “disgusting attack”.
hollande’s statement, translated by britain’s bbc into english:
update 1250 — ukip condemns attacks, “militant islam is at war with the people of europe”
party defence spokesman mike hookem mep has said in a statement to press that leaders, including britain’s new prime minister theresa may need to up their game to defeat radical islam. the former royal marine said: “this latest appalling murder in france shows that militant islam is at war with the people of europe and with peaceful religions.
“every day now we have a new story of bloodshed and european leaders need to face facts rather than spend their time trying to convince people this isn’t a problem. juncker, merkel and other eu leaders who oversaw the mass migration without any security checks have blood on their hands.
“may needs to up her game.
“normandy, the home of the d-day landings where thousands lost their lives to free europe from fascist tyranny has today witnessed a different form of fascism.
“but we defeated the nazis so we can defeat these murderers if our leaders admit to what we are facing.”
update 1240 bst — pope francis condemns ‘barbarous murder’ of priest in normandy
in the written statement sent to breitbart news, papal spokesman father federico lombardi, said that the holy see was “shocked” by this latest news, which is added to a whole series of violent attacks in recent days, “creating immense sorrow and worry.”
lombardi said that the pope “shares in the sorrow and horror over this absurd violence,” offering his “most radical condemnation” of the act as well as his prayers for the victims.
read more at breitbart london
update 1230 bst — image of slain priest
a picture of the elderly father jacques hamel has emerged on facebook. eulalie garcia, who works near the church, told the british express: “he was someone who was treasured by the community. he was very discreet and didn’t like to draw attention to himself.”
update 1220 bst — archbishop of rouen describes alleged islamist killers as “victims” in statement
away from his diocese at the world youth day celebrations in krakow, poland the archbishop of rouen has released a statement on the death of one of his priests this morning, which strangely seems to identify both the slain clergyman and his killers as “victims”.
he said: “i have learnt with sadness of the killing this morning at the church of saint-etienne du rouvray. the three victims: the priest, father jacques hamel, 84, and the perpetrators of the assassination.
“three other people were injured, one very seriously. i cry out to god with all men of good will. i would invite non-believers to join in the cry!
update 1145 bst — front national responds to slaughter
leaders of the surging populist-right party the front national have responded to this morning’s attack. party leader marine le pen tweeted this morning, remarking that the low-tech, simple nature of the attack will strike fear into the hearts of the french. she said: “the terror continues in rouvray. the modus operandi makes it clear that we have to fear new attacks by islamist terrorists”.
l'épouvante encore à #saintetiennedurouvray. le modus operandi fait évidemment craindre un nouvel attentat de terroristes islamistes. mlp — marine le pen (@mlp_officiel) july 26, 2016
marine’s neice marion le pen, meanwhile was also tweeting. she wrote: “they kill our children, murdering our policemen and slaughtering our priests. wake up!”.
ils tuent nos enfants, assassinent nos policiers et égorgent nos prêtres. réveillez-vous ! #saintetiennedurouvray — marion maréchal (@marionmarechal) july 26, 2016
update 1130 bst — murder in region famous for liberation of europe from nazism the church south of rouen is just 30 miles east of the landing beaches where american, british, canadian, and other allied troops landed in 1944. the city was heavily bombed in the build-up to the liberation and was largely rebuilt after the war.
the city of rouen sits on the river seine in the north of france and is the capital of the region of normandy. french heroine and “martyr” joan of arc was put on trial in the city in the middle ages, which retains a strong christian ethos.
update 1110 bst — priest named
the martyred priest who according to reports was either beheaded or had his throat cut has been named locally as 86 year old father jacques hamel. he was ordained in 1958.
update 1058 bst — second victim “fighting for life”
while one hostage has been reported slain by the attackers, another hostage is said to be “fighting for life”. it is not clear if they were too stabbed, or if they were caught in crossfire while french police shot dead the two attackers.
update 1050 bst — police speak of ‘islamists’
fast-moving reports from normandy this morning suggests the attackers shouted islamist slogans including “daesh” — arabic for ‘islamic state’ and “jihad” as they entered the church. other clues to the potential motive for the brutal attack that has seen a priest murdered — possibly beheaded according to reports — include reports of local police speaking of “islamists” and the fact the french anti-terror prosecutor has been given the case to investigate.
the story so far:
a hostage situation developed during the daily mass this morning when two attackers entered a church in rouen, france and took a number of hostages. between four and six hostages were thought to have been taken, however reports in french media including le figaro now suggest the priest leading the mass “had his throat cut” by the attackers.
france’s le point magazine reports “corroborating sources” on the ground who witnessed the attackers shouting “daesh” — arabic for ‘islamic state’ — upon entering the church
given that one hostage, thought to be the parish priest, was killed before police were able to end the situation a force spokesman has said there will be a “comprehensive review”.
police sources report the two hostage takers were “neutralised” by police and are understood to have been shot dead.
france3 television normandy reports police and special forces vehicles have arrived on-site and “a dozen shots” have been fired. a priest and a number of worshippers are understood to be among the hostages.
more follows
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rɪˈmɛmbər bæk ɪn ðə jɪr 2000 wɪn jʊd fid jʊr bræt kɪdz ðɛr ˈbrɛkfəst ˈpɛləts, hɛd tɪ wərk ˈəndər ðə ˈsɪtiz ˈwɛðər kənˈtroʊld doʊm, jʊr kəmˈpjutər ˈoʊvərˌlɔrdz ˈoʊnli nu ju baɪ jʊr naɪn ˈdɪʤɪt aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən ˈnəmbər, ənd jʊd ɛnd jʊr deɪ ˈfænəˌsaɪzɪŋ əˈbaʊt ə laɪf ˌbiˈfɔr kəmˈpjutərz? ðə ˈʤænjuˌɛri 18 1969 ˌməntriˈɔl gəˈzɛt ræn ðɪs moʊst pɪˈkjuljər ˈkɑmɪk, ʧɑk fʊl əv hɪˈlɛriəs ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ənd dɪˈlaɪts. wi ˈfɑloʊ ðə fˌjuʧərˈɪstɪk mɪsədˈvɛnʧərz əv ʤɔrʤ ˌdeɪˈdæləs, ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz 928 502 467 ɪn ðə jɪr 2000 æd. ʤɔrʤ lɪvz ɪn oshtoham*, ˈkænədəz ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɪti wɪʧ əm ˈgɛsɪŋ ɪz ə ˌkɑmbəˈneɪʃən əv ðə ˈsɪtiz ˌɔˈʃɑwə, tərˈɑntoʊ ənd ˈmɑrkəm-- ənd wərks ɛz ə ˈtrævəl ˈeɪʤənt. ʤɔrʤ lɪvz hɪz laɪf sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈwəndərz laɪk ˈroʊˌbət ˈsərvənts, videophones*, ˈmuvɪŋ ˈsaɪdˌwɔks ənd ˈhɔloʊˌgræm wɔlz, bət wi kəm tɪ faɪnd aʊt ðət hiz ˈrɪli ʤɪst nɑt ðət ˈhæpi. ðə læst ˈpænəl ʃoʊz ʤɔrʤ ˈteɪkɪŋ drəgz ənd ˈjuzɪŋ ə kəmˈpjutər tɪ ɪˈskeɪp hɪz ˌriˈæləˌti. bɔɪ æm aɪ glæd aɪ doʊnt lɪv ɪn ðət *ɪz ðɛr ən əˈmoʊtəˌkɑn fər ˈnərvəs ˈlæftər?
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remember back in the year 2000 when you'd feed your brat kids their breakfast pellets, head to work under the city's weather controlled dome, your computer overlords only knew you by your nine digit identification number, and you'd end your day fantasizing about a life before computers?
the january 18, 1969 montreal gazette ran this most peculiar comic, chock full of hilarious expositional dialogue and dystopian delights.
we follow the futuristic misadventures of george daedalus, also known as daeda 928 502 467, in the year 2000 ad. george lives in oshtoham, canada's second largest city -- which i'm guessing is a combination of the cities oshawa, toronto and markham-- and works as a travel agent. george lives his life surrounded by technological wonders like robot servants, videophones, moving sidewalks and 3d hologram walls, but we come to find out that he's really just not that happy. the last panel shows george taking drugs and using a computer to escape his reality. boy am i glad i don't live in that future!*
*is there an emoticon for nervous laughter?
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nightspot* ɪn rɪˈmoʊt ˈriʤən kloʊz tɪ bəˈlɪviə peɪz ˈɑməʤ tɪ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt huz ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti həz ɪkˈsploʊdɪd ɪn saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə fərst ðɛr wɑz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt fəˈnɑməˌnɑn. ðɛn keɪm ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðə ˈmuvi, ɪn ðə fɔrm əv ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈnɛtˌwərk. ðɛrz ˈivɪn bɪn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðə mˈjuzɪkəl. naʊ mɑrk ˈzəkərˌbərg ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ gɪt ə mɔr ənˈjuˌʒuəl ˈɑməʤ: ə ˈnaɪtˌkləb ɪn ðə rɪˈmoʊt brəˈzɪljən ˈæməˌzɑn neɪmd ˈæftər hɪz ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪt. ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪz ðə ˈbreɪnˌʧaɪld əv ˈhəmbərt kəˈmɑʧoʊ, ə ˈbɪznɪsˌmæn frəm, ə smɔl taʊn ɔn brəˈzɪlz ˈbɔrdər wɪθ bəˈlɪviə. "ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈkɑnsɛpt ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈʃɛrɪŋ aɪˈdiəz, ædˈvɛnʧərz, ˈfrɛndʃɪps, ˈpɑrtiz ənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪθ jʊr frɛndz," kəˈmɑʧoʊ sɛd ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈvɪzɪt tɪ hɪz kləb, wɪʧ ˈoʊpənd ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ. "soʊ wət wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ du wɑz tɪ bɪld ə ˈnaɪtˌkləb wɪθ ðɪs ˈkɑnsɛpt, wɛr ˈpipəl kʊd kəm ənd ʃɛr θɪŋz wɪθ ðɛr frɛndz, spɛnd ə kul naɪt, ˈʃɛrɪŋ ˈpɪkʧərz, ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ənd hæv fən." ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt əv ðə ɪn bəˈlɪviə, kəˈmɑʧoʊ hæd bɪn ˈeɪmɪŋ fər ə kərɪr ɪn lɔ bət dɪʧt ðiz plænz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˈoʊpənɪŋ hɪz fərst ˈnaɪtˌkləb, ðə, ɪn ðə bəˈlɪviən ˈsɪti əv, ʤɪst ˈoʊvər ðə ˈbɔrdər frəm. naʊ əˈtrækts mɔr ðən iʧ ˈwiˌkɪnd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌɑntrəprəˈnʊr ənd ˈpɑrtˈtaɪm ˈsɪŋər. ðə sən əv ə bəˈlɪviən ˈfɑðər ənd brəˈzɪljən ˈməðər, kəˈmɑʧoʊ naʊ hoʊps tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt ɪts səkˈsɛs ɪn brəˈzɪl. "wi θɔt əˈbaʊt ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə brænʧ hir ɪn brəˈzɪl. bət wi wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə neɪm ðət wɑz ˈtrɛndi, ðət ˈpipəl wʊd tɔk əˈbaʊt," hi sɛd. "wi θɔt: 'ˈfeɪsˌbʊk: ˈɛvriˌwən tɔks əˈbaʊt ˈfeɪsˌbʊk.' ɪts əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ fən, ˈpoʊkɪŋ ənd ˈʃɛrɪŋ." ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ˈfeɪsˌbʊk sɛd ɪt hæd noʊ əˈfɪʃəl ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ðə ˈnaɪtˌkləb bət ɪkˈsprɛst səˈpraɪz æt ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns. "ɪz ɪt ˈrɪli ɪn ðə ˈæməˌzɑn?" groʊɪŋ ˈækˌsɛs tɪ kəmˈpjutərz ənd ˈhaɪˌspid ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈnɛkʃənz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ə ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk bum ənd ˌɪnˈkrist ˈgəvərnmənt ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt həz hɛlpt ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ɪkˈsploʊd ɪn brəˈzɪl ˈoʊvər ðə pæst tu jɪrz. ðə bum həz ˈivɪn sprɛd tɪ ðə rɪˈmoʊt ˈæməˌzɑn steɪt əv ˈeɪkər, wɛr ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk kləb ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɔn ə ˈnɑndɪˈskrɪpt ˈbʊləˌvɑrd laɪnd wɪθ ˈsupərˌmɑrkɪts, sˈnʊkər hɔlz, strit bɑrz ənd ə pəˈlis ˈsteɪʃən. ðɪs mənθ brəˈzɪl wɑz neɪmd ɛz ðə ˈkəntri wɪθ ðə fɔrθ haɪəst ˈnəmbər əv ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈjuzərz, wɪθ səm ˈproʊˌfaɪlz æt ðə ɛnd əv 2011 kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ ɪn 2010 "wi wɔnt ˈhaɪˌspid ˈɪntərˌnɛt fər ɔl brəˈzɪljənz ɪn ðə ˈkəntriˌsaɪd ər ɪn ðə ˈsɪtiz, ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn rɪʧ ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ər ɪn ðə ˈsəbərbz, [ɪn] lɑrʤ ənd smɔl ˈsɪtiz," brəˈzɪlz ˈprɛzɪdənt, rousseff*, sɛd læst jɪr. ˈɪntərˌnɛt juz ɪz naʊ ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ɪn ˈeɪkər steɪts ˈmeɪʤər taʊnz ənd ˈsɪtiz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɪn wən ˈloʊkəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈnuzˌpeɪpər oʊ ˈæltoʊ ˈeɪkər həz kəmˈpleɪnd ðət ˈkəvərɪʤ ɪz ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌənrɪˈlaɪəbəl. "ˌbiˈfɔr [ˈɪntərˌnɛt] ˈækˌsɛs wɑz ˈtrɪki əraʊnd hir, naʊ ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ," sɛd kəˈmɑʧoʊ, hu kleɪmd ðət wərd əˈbaʊt hɪz kləb prəˈnaʊnst ɪn brəˈzɪljən ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz wɑz ˈsprɛdɪŋ fæst ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə. "ðə ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ər juʤ. ˈpipəl ər ˈpæsɪŋ baɪ ənd ˈteɪkɪŋ lɑts əv ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs, ðeɪ æsk wɪn wɪr ˈoʊpənɪŋ, wət ɪt wɪl bi laɪk. ɔl ðət ˈpipəl ɪn ənd ər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪz ˈfeɪsˌbʊk," hi sɛd. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈrɛvələrz ɪn ðə brəˈzɪljən ˈæməˌzɑn kən lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ə ˈloʊkəl pleɪɪŋ ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk mˈjuzɪk ənd ə bəˈlɪviən bænd huz ˈrɛpərtˌwɑr ˈreɪnʤɪz frəm ˈkəntri mˈjuzɪk tɪ ˈsɑmbə ənd ˈivɪn ˈkəvərz əv ə brəˈzɪljən rɑk grup kɔld ðə ˈkɪlər bubz. "ðə bænd ɪz ˈvɛri ˈvərsətəl," kəˈmɑʧoʊ ˈprɑməst. ðə ˈnaɪtˌkləb wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ɪts oʊn kəmˈjunɪti ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk. "wi ər goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv ɑr oʊn əˈfɪʃəl ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ soʊ ˈpipəl ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈnaɪtˌkləb kən ʃɛr ˈpɪkʧərz ɪn ril taɪm," hi sɛd. "ˈpipəl hu kænt meɪk ɪt wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ sɪt æt hoʊm ənd si wət ðə ˈpɑrti ɪz laɪk."
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nightspot in remote region close to bolivia pays homage to website whose popularity has exploded in south america
first there was facebook the internet phenomenon. then came facebook the movie, in the form of the social network. there's even been facebook the musical.
now mark zuckerberg is about to get a more unusual homage: a nightclub in the remote brazilian amazon named after his social media site.
the concept is the brainchild of humbert camacho, a 30-year-old businessman from epitaciolândia, a small town on brazil's border with bolivia.
"the facebook concept is about sharing ideas, adventures, friendships, parties and photos with your friends," camacho said during a visit to his club, which opened on thursday.
"so what we wanted to do was to build a nightclub with this concept, where people could come and share things with their friends, spend a cool night, sharing pictures, experiences and have fun."
a graduate of the universidad católica boliviana in bolivia, camacho had been aiming for a career in law but ditched these plans in favour of opening his first nightclub, the discoteca insomnio, in the bolivian city of cobija, just over the border from epitaciolândia.
insomnio now attracts more than 1,200 partygoers each weekend, according to the entrepreneur and part-time singer. the son of a bolivian father and brazilian mother, camacho now hopes to replicate its success in brazil.
"we thought about opening a branch here in brazil. but we were looking for a name that was trendy, that people would talk about," he said. "we thought: 'facebook: everyone talks about facebook.' it's about having fun, poking and sharing."
a spokesperson for facebook said it had no official comment on the nightclub but expressed surprise at its existence. "is it really in the amazon?"
growing access to computers and high-speed internet connections – the result of a commodity-fuelled economic boom and increased government investment – has helped facebook explode in brazil over the past two years.
the boom has even spread to the remote amazon state of acre, where the facebook club is located on a nondescript boulevard lined with supermarkets, snooker halls, street bars and a police station.
this month brazil was named as the country with the fourth highest number of facebook users, with some 35m profiles at the end of 2011 compared with 8m in 2010 .
"we want high-speed internet for all brazilians … in the countryside or in the cities, living in rich neighbourhoods or in the suburbs, [in] large and small cities," brazil's president, dilma rousseff, said last year.
internet use is now widespread in acre state's major towns and cities, although in one local online newspaper – o alto acre – has complained that coverage is sometimes unreliable.
"before [internet] access was tricky around here, now it is improving," said camacho, who claimed that word about his club – pronounced facey-bookey in brazilian portuguese – was spreading fast on social media.
"the expectations are huge. people are passing by and taking lots of photographs, they ask when we're opening, what it will be like. all that people in epitaciolândia … and cobija are talking about is facebook," he said.
facebook revellers in the brazilian amazon can look forward to a local dj playing electronic music and a bolivian band whose repertoire ranges from country music to samba and even covers of a 1990s brazilian rock group called the killer boobs. "the band is very versatile," camacho promised.
the nightclub will also have its own community on facebook.
"we are going to have our own official facebook page so people coming to the nightclub can share pictures in real time," he said. "people who can't make it will be able to sit at home and see what the party is like."
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ə ˈdɪfərənt grup həz ˈsaɪdɪd əˈgɛnst geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə səˈprim kɔrt: geɪ mɛn hu ər ˈmɛrid tɪ ˈwɪmən. ðɪs ɪz nɑt æt ɔl ənˈjuˌʒuəl, ðət ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˈɛnər ˈɪntu ə ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəlz, ənd ɪn fækt ˈæˌkʧuəli wət ðə wɔnts tɪ prəˈmoʊt, baɪ kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈpipəl tɪ ˈoʊnli hæv ˌhɛtəroʊˈsɛkˌʃuəl riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps. ɛz ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ðə keɪs wɪn wən grup wɔnts tɪ dɪˈnaɪ raɪts tɪ əˈnəðər, ðoʊ, ðɛr ˈɑrgjəmənts ər sæd ənd ˈpɛˌti. ðə hæv tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈɑrgju ðət əˈlaʊɪŋ wʊd ˈsəmˌhaʊ min ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wʊd bi ɪkˈskludɪd. ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz bɔɪlz daʊn tɪ səm grup ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət riˈmuvɪŋ ə riˈstrɪkʃən frəm əˈnəðər grup ɪz ɪgˈzæktli ðə seɪm ɛz ˈædɪŋ kənˈstreɪnts ɔn ðɛm. ðə geɪ ˈkəpəlz suɪŋ ðɛr steɪts fər ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən ˈɑrgju ðət geɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ bænz ənd dɪˈmin ðɛr ˈvɛri aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz ənd existence”*” baɪ ɪkˈskludɪŋ ðɛm frəm ˈmɛrɪʤ. bət kʊd ˈoʊnli bi tru ɪf ðə ˈmɛrɪʤɪz əv [geɪ mɛn ənd streɪt ˈwɪmən] ər feɪks ənd shams”—which*, ðiz mɛn əˈsərt, ɪz ˈsɪmpli nɑt ðə keɪs. tɪ pruv ɪt, ðə brif prəˈvaɪdz ðə ˈpərsɪnəl ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊniz əv 10 geɪ mɛn hu ər naʊ ˈhæpəli ˈmɛrid tɪ streɪt ˈwɪmən. iʧ əv ðiz mɛn faʊnd ˈwɪmən ˈigər tɪ ˈmɛri ðɛm. ɪn wən ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni, ə streɪt ˈwʊmən ˈriəˌlaɪzɪz ʃi ləvz hər geɪ ˈhəzbənd ɪn spaɪt əv hɪz əˈtrækʃənz, bət bɪˈkəz əv them.”*.” ɪn əˈnəðər, ə geɪ mɛn ɪkˈspleɪnz ðət ədˈmɪtɪŋ hɪz kənˈtɪnjud attractions”*” tɪ hɪz waɪf əv 10 jɪrz ˈæˌkʧuəli brɔt closeness”*” tɪ ðɛr riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp. hi ənd hɪz waɪf naʊ hæv fɔr ˈʧɪldrən. ðiz ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊniz ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ dɪˈspruv ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət geɪ ˈpipəl kən ˈoʊnli hæv fʊlˈfɪld ˈmɛrɪʤɪz baɪ ˈwɛdɪŋ ˈsəmˌwən əv ðə seɪm sɛks. aɪ θɪŋk kaɪnd əv swit, ɪf tru, ðət ðiz mɛn hæv fɔrmd ˈsɑləd, ˈlæstɪŋ riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈəðər ˈjumən biɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈæbsəns əv ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈzaɪər, ər mɔr ˈlaɪkli, ðət ðeɪ hæv ˈsɛkʃuəl dɪˈzaɪər fər iʧ ˈəðər bət ˈɔlsoʊ fər ˈəðər ˈpipəl. ðɛr ɪz mɔr tɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ ðən rɪˈlaɪəbli ˈrɛgjələr boinking*, ər ˌɛkˌskluˈsɪvəti, soʊ mɔr paʊər tɪ ’’em*. bət noʊ wən ɪz ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət ɔl geɪ mɛn məst ˈmɛri geɪ mɛn, ər bi ˈmɪzərəbəl. noʊ wən ɪz ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət geɪ mɛn məst gɪt ˈmɛrid, ˈiðər ðɛr ər səbˈstænʃəl ˈnəmbərz əv geɪ ənd streɪt ˈpipəl hu hæv noʊ ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈmɛrɪʤ æt ɔl. ɪf geɪz ənd ˈlɛzbiənz kən gɪt ˈmɛrid ɛz ðeɪ dɪˈzaɪər, ɪt wɪl nɑt min ðət streɪt ˈmɛrɪʤɪz ər dɪˈzɑlvd ər θˈrɛtənd, ər ðət ðɛr wɪl bi tɛsts tɪ dɪˈtərmən ˈwɛðər ðə ˈkəpəlz ɪn ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ər səˈfɪʃəntli ˈsɛkʃuəli əraʊzd baɪ iʧ ˈəðər, ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr, ðɛr bi ə ˈpɑləsi əv dɪˈnaɪɪŋ mɛn ənd ˈwɪmən ˈmɛrɪʤ ˈlaɪsənsɪz bɪˈkəz ðə gaɪ lʊks tu geɪ. aɪ θɪŋk əˈnəðər əˈmeɪzɪŋ ɪgˈzæmpəl əv prɑˈʤɛkʃən. wɔnt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ðoʊz ˈpipəl frəm ˈmɛriɪŋ, ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðeɪ məst wɔnt tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ maɪ ˈmɛrɪʤ, too!”*!”
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a different group has sided against gay marriage before the supreme court: gay men who are married to women. this is not at all unusual, that homosexual individuals enter into a marriage contract with heterosexuals, and in fact it’s actually what the right-wing wants to promote, by compelling people to only have heterosexual relationships. as is always the case when one group wants to deny rights to another, though, their arguments are sad and petty. the gay-men-married-to-straight-women have to actually argue that allowing gay-men-married-to-gay-men would somehow mean their relationships would be excluded. it always boils down to some group claiming that removing a restriction from another group is exactly the same as adding constraints on them.
the gay couples suing their states for recognition argue that gay marriage bans “disfavor and demean their very identities and existence” by excluding them from marriage. but “that could only be true if the marriages of [gay men and straight women] are fakes and shams”—which, these men assert, is simply not the case. to prove it, the brief provides the personal testimonies of 10 gay men who are now happily married to straight women. each of these men found women eager to marry them. in one testimony, a straight woman realizes she loves her gay husband “not in spite of his attractions, but because of them.” in another, a gay men explains that admitting his continued “same-sex attractions” to his wife of 10 years actually brought “renewed closeness” to their relationship. he and his wife now have four children. these testimonies are designed to disprove the notion that gay people can only have fulfilled marriages by wedding someone of the same sex.
i think it’s kind of sweet, if true, that these men have formed solid, lasting relationships with other human beings in the absence of sexual desire, or more likely, that they have sexual desire for each other but also for other people. there is more to marriage than reliably regular boinking, or exclusivity, so more power to ’em.
but no one is arguing that all gay men must marry gay men, or they’ll be miserable. no one is arguing that gay men must get married, either — there are substantial numbers of gay and straight people who have no interest in marriage at all. if gays and lesbians can get married as they desire, it will not mean that straight marriages are dissolved or threatened, or that there will be tests to determine whether the couples in a relationship are sufficiently sexually aroused by each other, and in particular, there won’t be a policy of denying men and women marriage licenses because the guy looks too gay.
i think it’s another amazing example of projection. “i want to prevent those people from marrying, therefore they must want to destroy my marriage, too!”
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ðə ˈbætəl əv lɔŋ tæn 18 ˈɔgəst 1966 tʊk pleɪs ɪn ə ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən nɪr lɔŋ, ɪn ˈprɑvɪns, saʊθ viˌɛtˈnɑm, ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə viˌɛtˈnɑm wɔr. ðə ˈækʃən wɑz fɔt bɪtˈwin viɛt kɔŋ (vc*) ənd ˈpipəlz ˈɑrmi əv viˌɛtˈnɑm ˈjunɪts ənd ˈɛləmənts əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən tæsk fɔrs 1) ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ɪts ɪn. 1 bɪˈgæn ərˈaɪvɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈeɪprəl ənd ʤun 1966 kənˈstrəktɪŋ ə beɪs æt dæt wɪʧ wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd əˈstraɪd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑmjənəst ˈtrænzɪt ənd risəˈplaɪ rut ənd wɑz kloʊz tɪ ə beɪs ˈɛriə. ˈæftər tu mənθs ɪt hæd muvd bɪɔnd ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ɪts ˌɪˈmiˌdiət əˈproʊʧɪz, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə ˈprɑvɪns. ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə θrɛt poʊzd baɪ 1, ə fɔrs əv bɪtˈwin ənd mɛn frəm ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt, ˈpɑsəbli ˌriɪnˈfɔrst baɪ æt list wən bəˈtæljən ənd ðə prəˈvɪnʃəl ˈmoʊbəl bəˈtæljən, wɑz ˈɔrdərd tɪ muv əˈgɛnst dæt. fər ˈsɛvərəl wiks ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɪgnəlz ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (sigint*) hæd trækt ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ trænsˈmɪtər frəm ðə ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt ˈmuvɪŋ ˈwɛstwərdz tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən ʤɪst nɔrθ əv lɔŋ tæn; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪkˈstɛnsɪv pəˈtroʊlɪŋ feɪld tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈjunɪt. baɪ 16 ˈɔgəst, ðə ˈkɑmjənəst fɔrs wɑz pəˈzɪʃənd ist əv ðə lɔŋ tæn ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən, ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə reɪnʤ əv ðə ɑrˈtɪləri æt dæt. ɔn ðə naɪt əv ˈɔgəst, ˈmɔrtərz, ˈraɪfəlz (rcls*) ənd ɑrˈtɪləri ˈhɛvəli bɑmˈbɑrdɪd dæt frəm ə pəˈzɪʃən 2 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz mi) tɪ ðə ist, ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə beɪs ənd ˈwundɪŋ 24 mɛn, wən əv hum ˈleɪtər daɪd. ðə pəˈzɪʃənz wər ðɛn ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ faɪər ənd ðə sist. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, bi ˈkəmpəˌni, bəˈtæljən, rɔɪəl ɔˈstreɪljən ˈrɛʤəmənt 6), dɪˈpɑrtɪd dæt tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pɔɪnts ənd ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈwɛpən pɪts wər ˈsəbsəkwəntli faʊnd, ɛz wər ðə pəˈzɪʃənz əv ðə ˈmɔrtərz ənd. di ˈkəmpəˌni tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə pərˈsut əraʊnd ˈmɪdˌdeɪ ɔn 18 ˈɔgəst. ˈæftər ˈklæʃɪŋ wɪθ ə skwɑd ɪn ðə ˌæftərˈnun ənd ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðɛm tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz wər ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ ənd grəˈneɪd faɪər frəm ə flæŋk. ˈnəmbərɪŋ ˈoʊnli 108 mɛn, di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə məʧ ˈlɑrʤər fɔrs. pɪnd daʊn, ðeɪ kɔld fər ɑrˈtɪləri ɛz ə mɑnˈsun reɪn bɪˈgæn, rɪˈdusɪŋ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti. ˈhɛvi ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪnˈsud ɛz ðə ədˈvænsɪŋ bəˈtæljənz əv ðə nɔrθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈrɛʤəmənt ənd viɛt kɔŋ bəˈtæljən əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ɛnˈsərkəl ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz. ˈæftər ˈsɛvərəl aʊərz, di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈnɪrli aʊt əv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən, wɪn tu ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ frəm noʊ. 9 skˈwɑdrən əraɪvd ˈoʊvərˈhɛd tɪ risəˈplaɪ ðɛm. ˈhɛvəli ˌaʊtˈnəmbərd, bət səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ strɔŋ ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər, di ˈkəmpəˌni hɛld ɔf ə ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl əˈsɔlt ˌbiˈfɔr ə rɪˈlif fɔrs əv ˈkævəlri ənd ˈɪnfəntri frəm dæt fɔt ðɛr weɪ θru ɛz ˈdɑrknəs fɛl ənd fɔrst ðə tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ʤɪst ɛz ðeɪ əˈpɪrd tɪ bi pərˈpɛrɪŋ fər ə ˈfaɪnəl əˈsɔlt. wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ə ˈlændɪŋ zoʊn tɪ ɪˈvækjəˌeɪt ðɛr ˈkæʒəwəltiz, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz fɔrmd ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt. rɪˈtərnɪŋ ɪn strɛŋθ ðə nɛkst deɪ, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz swɛpt ðə ˈɛriə ənd ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ə ˈnəmbər əv ənd dɛd. ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈɛndɪd ɔn 21 ˈɔgəst. ˈeɪˈtin ɔˈstreɪljənz wər kɪld ənd 24 ˈwundɪd, waɪl ɔˈstreɪljən əˈfɪʃəl ˈrɛkərdz ˈrɛkərd ðət ðə ər ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ hæv lɔst 245 dɛd. ðɪs ˈɪʃu lɛd tɪ səm dɪˈsɛnʃən frəm ˈsoʊlʤərz du tɪ ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz wər biɪŋ ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd fər ˈpərpəsɪz. əˈfɪʃəl ˈrɛkərdz frəm ðə bəˈtæljən ənd ˈrɛʤəmənt ˈɪndəˌkeɪt ˈoʊnli 47 wər wən nɔrθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl sɔrs steɪts 150 wər kɪld æt ðə ˈbætəl, ənd ðə 6 di ˈkəmpəˌni kəˈmændər ˈsteɪtɪŋ hi "ˈnɛvər sɔ mɔr ðən 50 ˈbɑdiz". ðə tru ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˈkæʒəwəltiz səˈsteɪnd rɪˈmeɪnz ɪˈlusɪv, məʧ laɪk ˈəðər ˈbætəlz ɪn ðə wɔr ˈgɪvɪn ðət ˈbɑdi kaʊnts wɑz dɪˈrɛkli juzd tɪ əˈsɛs pərˈfɔrməns ɪn ˈrɛkərdz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli bɪˈlivd ðeɪ hæd ˈsəfərd ə dɪˈfit, rɪˈpɔrts ɔn ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈlɔsɪz lɛd ðɛm tɪ kleɪm ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli wən ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈvɪktəri. lɔŋ tæn wɑz bɪˈlivd baɪ 1 tɪ hæv pruvd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈloʊkəl ˈsɛtˌbæk fər ðə pavn/vc*, ˌɪnˈdɛfənətli ˌfɔrˈstɑlɪŋ ən ˈɪmənənt ˈmuvmənt əˈgɛnst dæt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə kəˈmændərz əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt ənd ðə bəˈtæljən əv ðə nɔrθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈɑrmi hɛld ˈdɪfərənt ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz əv ðə ˈbætəlz ˈaʊtˌkəm. əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ðə bəˈtæljən rɪˈgɑrdɪd ðə ˈbætəl ɛz ə ˈvɪktəri, wɪθ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ drɔ aʊt 6 ˈjunɪts ˈɪntu ən ˈæmˌbʊʃ. ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈæmˌbʊʃ ənd du tɪ ðə bəˈtæljən ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðə graʊnd ənˈtɪl ðə nɛkst deɪ, ðɪs wɑz rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈvɪktəri ɛz ðeɪ hæd sɪˈkjʊrd ðə ˈɛriəz əraʊnd lɔŋ tæn ˈvɪlɪʤ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt rɪˈgɑrd ðə ˈbætəl ɛz ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈfeɪljər ɛz ðeɪ wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ waɪp aʊt ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkəmpəˌni, bət kənˈsɪdər ðət ðeɪ geɪnd ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈvɪktəri baɪ ˈfɔrsɪŋ ə riˈtrit ənˈtɪl ðə nɛkst ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd ˈərnɪŋ ˈgreɪtər səˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈpipəl əv. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈwɛðər ðə ˈbætəl ˌɪmˈpɛrd ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt ɪz dɪˈspjutɪd, ɛz ðeɪ hæd lɔnʧt əˈtæks əˈgɛnst ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ə wik ˈleɪtər. ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ˈbætəl ɔn ðə ˈkɑmbæt ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti əv ðə bəˈtæljən ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn dɪˈspjut, ɛz ðeɪ wər ˌridɪˈplɔɪd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈɑrmərd ˈkævəlri tæsk fɔrs ə mənθ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl. ˈsɛvərəl ˈsəbsəkwənt ˈkɑntrəˌvərsiz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbætəl əroʊz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən əv əˈfɪʃəl ɪˈvɛnts ənd ɛmˈbɛlɪʃmənt əv ðə roʊlz əv səm ˈsinjər dɪˈspjuts ˈoʊvər ˈkæʒəwəltiz, saɪz əv ðə əˈtækɪŋ ənd əˈfɪʃəl ˈhɪstəriz əv ðə ˈbætəl wɪʧ saɪt pərˈpɔrtɪd ˈdɑkjəmənts ənd ˌænɪkˈdoʊtəl kleɪmz wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪn ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˈɛdət ˈprɑvɪns, saʊθ viˌɛtˈnɑm ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv dæt beɪs ɪn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən hardihood*, ˈstændɪŋ pəˈtroʊlz wər ɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə beɪs ɪn ðə ˈivnɪŋ ənd ˈklɪrɪŋ pəˈtroʊlz sɛnt aʊt ˈɛvəri ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd ˈivnɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðə mi) pərˈɪmətər. ˈdeɪli pləˈtun pəˈtroʊlz ənd ˈæmbʊʃɪz wər ˌɪˈnɪʃəli kənˈdəktəd aʊt tɪ laɪn ˈælfə ˈmitərz yd*), wɪʧ wɑz ðə reɪnʤ əv ðə ˈmɔrtərz, bət wər ˈleɪtər ɪkˈstɛndɪd tɪ laɪn ˈbrɑvoʊ ˈmitərz yd*) tɪ ˈkaʊntər ðə θrɛt frəm ɑrˈtɪləri. ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˌɑkjəˈpeɪʃən əv dæt, ɔl ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts əv lɔŋ ənd lɔŋ ˈvɪlɪʤɪz wɪˈθɪn ˈlinə ˈælfə wər riˈmuvd ənd riˈsɛtəld ˈnɪrˈbaɪ. ə prəˈtɛktɪv sɪˈkjʊrəti zoʊn wɑz ðɛn ɪˈstæblɪʃt ənd ə zoʊn dɪˈklɛrd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ənˈjuˌʒuəl fər ˈæˌlaɪd ˌɪnstəˈleɪʃənz ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm, ˈmɛni əv wɪʧ wər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd nɪr ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˈɛriəz, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz hoʊpt tɪ dɪˈnaɪ ðə ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən əv dæt ənd əˈfɔrd ˈgreɪtər sɪˈkjʊrəti tɪ pəˈtroʊlz ˈɛnərɪŋ ənd ˈɛgzɪtɪŋ ðə ˈɛriə. jɛt waɪl ˈædɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈfɪzɪkəl sɪˈkjʊrəti əv ðə beɪs, dɪsˈrəptɪŋ ə ˈmeɪʤər səˈpɔrt ˈɛriə ənd riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən frəm ˈdeɪnʤər, səʧ ˈmɛʒərz meɪ hæv bɪn counter-productive*. ˌɪnˈdid, ðə riˈsɛtəlmənt rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd rɪˈzɛntmənt ənd ɪt wɑz dəˈbeɪtəbəl haʊ məʧ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ðə ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts wʊd prəˈvaɪd ɔn ˈmuvmənts, pəˈtɛnʃəli kriˈeɪtɪŋ ən ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ əˈtæk dæt wɪˈθaʊt ˈwɔrnɪŋ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əbˈzərv ðə beɪs frəm ðə dɪn hɪlz. ˈmuvmənt wɑz hərd əraʊnd ðə pərˈɪmətər ˈoʊvər ðə fərst fju naɪts ɛz ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈəndər ðə ˈkəvər əv ˈdɑrknəs ənd ˈhɛvi reɪn. ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ ˈklæʃɪz əˈkərd ənd ðə riˈkɑnəsəns sun sist, ðeɪ wər bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃənz fər ən əˈtæk. ɔn 10 ʤun rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɑz ˈmuvɪŋ təˈwɔrdz dæt frəm ðə ənd wɑz əˈbaʊt 10 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz mi) əˈweɪ. ðə seɪm deɪ θri 120 ˈmɔrtər raʊnz ˈlændɪd ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə beɪs. ðət naɪt ɔˈstreɪljən ɑrˈtɪləri faɪərd ɔn səˈspɛktɪd ˈmuvmənt əˈlɔŋ rut 2 ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ ˈkæʒəwəltiz wər faʊnd ðə nɛkst deɪ. ˈfərðər ˈwɔrnɪŋz əv ə əˈtæk ˈheɪsənd ðə əv bəˈtæljən, rɔɪəl ɔˈstreɪljən ˈrɛʤəmənt 6), wɪʧ əraɪvd frəm ɔn 14 ʤun. dɪˈspaɪt səʧ rɪˈpɔrts ðoʊ noʊ əˈtæk əˈkərd, ənd ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl riˈækʃən tɪ 1 pruvd ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli ˈlɪmɪtɪd. əˈpoʊzɪŋ ˈfɔrsɪz ˈɛdət ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈkɑmjənəst ˈjunɪts ɪn wər meɪn ˈfɔrsɪz frəm ðə ənd ˈrɛʤəmənts əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən. ˈəndər kəˈmænd əv ˈsinjər ˈkərnəl nuˈjɛn ðə truyen*, ðə dɪˈvɪʒən wɑz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərd ɪn ðə ˈmaʊntənz. ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn, ənd lɔŋ ˈprɑvənsəz ɪt kəmˈpraɪzd boʊθ saʊθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis gərˈɪləz ənd nɔrθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈrɛgjələrz. tæskt wɪθ ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪŋ ðə ˈistərn ˈprɑvənsəz frəm ˌsaɪˈgɑn baɪ ˌɪntərˈdɪktɪŋ ðə meɪn roʊdz ənd ˈhaɪˌweɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl rʊts 1 ənd 15 ənd prəˈvɪnʃəl rʊts 2 ənd 23 ɪt pruvd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈʧælənʤ tɪ ˈɑrmi əv ðə riˈpəblɪk əv viˌɛtˈnɑm (arvn*) ˈjunɪts ðət maɪt ˈvɛnʧər ˈɪntu ðə ˈprɑvɪns, ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ə kəˈpæsɪti tɪ maʊnt ˈæmbʊʃɪz. ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɑz ðə ˈstrɔŋgər ənd ˈbɛtər treɪnd əv ðə tu, beɪst ɪn ðə ɪn wɪθ θri ənd ˈnəmbərd mɛn. ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɑz beɪst ɪn ðə ˈmaʊntənz ənd ˈmeɪnli ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ɪn ðə ist əv ðə ˈprɑvɪns. kəˈmændɪd baɪ ˈsinjər ˈkæptən nuˈjɛn bəŋ (ˈɑkə), ɪt kənˈsɪstɪd əv θri ənd ə ˈtoʊtəl əv mɛn. ɪn səˈpɔrt wɑz ən ɑrˈtɪləri bəˈtæljən ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ 75 ˈraɪfəlz (rcls*), 82 ˈmɔrtərz, ənd ˈhɛvi, ən ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr bəˈtæljən, ə ˈsɪgnəlz bəˈtæljən ənd ə ˈsæpər riˈkɑnəsəns bəˈtæljən, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈmɛdɪkəl ənd ləˈʤɪstɪk ˈjunɪts. ˈloʊkəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪd bəˈtæljən, wɪʧ ˈnɔrməli ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ɪn ðə saʊθ ənd ɪn lɔŋ. ˈəndər kəˈmænd əv bɪ kwɔŋ (ˈeɪliəs), ɪt kənˈsɪstɪd əv θri ˈraɪfəl ˈsiˈtu ə ˈwɛpənz ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈsiˈfɔr ə strɛŋθ əv 550 1 rɪˈkrutɪd ˈloʊkəli ənd ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn fəˈmɪljər təreɪn, ðeɪ pəˈzɛst ən ˈɪnɪmət ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈɛriə. gərˈɪlə ˈfɔrsɪz ˈnəmbərd 400 mɛn ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn grups əv faɪv tɪ 60 wɪθ tu ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ˈdɪstrɪkt, wən ɪn lɔŋ dæt, ənd ə pləˈtun ɪn mộc*. ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, strɛŋθ wɑz əˈlɛʤd tɪ hæv bɪn əraʊnd mɛn. ˈfɔrsɪz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈreɪnʤər bəˈtæljən, ə ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪd ˈjunɪt ðət hæd ˈpriviəsli ərnd ə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈjunɪt saɪˈteɪʃən dɪˈfitɪŋ ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt ə jɪr praɪər, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈrɛlətɪvli wik ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈfɔrsɪz əv 17 ˈriʤənəl fɔrs (rf*) ˈkəmpəˌniz ənd 47 ˈpɑpjələr fɔrs (pf*) pləˈtunz; ɪn ˈtoʊtəl səm mɛn. ˈmeɪkɪŋ əp ðə bəlk əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈjunɪts ɪn, ðə ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˈvɛrid ɪn ˈstændərd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ moʊst ˈvɪlɪʤɪz wər ˈgærəsənd baɪ ən ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ frəm ə ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪd ˈkɑmpaʊnd, ənd pləˈtunz ˈgɑrdɪd moʊst ˈhæmləts ənd ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər, ðɛr ˈvælju wɑz kˈwɛsʧənəbəl. ˈkəmpəˌniz wər ˈtɛknɪkəli əˈveɪləbəl fər tæsks θruaʊt ðə ˈprɑvɪns, waɪl pləˈtunz wər ˈmoʊstli riˈstrɪktɪd tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ əraʊnd ðɛr ˈvɪlɪʤ, jɛt boʊθ wər praɪˈmɛrəli dɪˈfɛnsɪv. waɪl ənd ˈjunɪts ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli dɪˈfɛndɪd ðɛmˈsɛlvz səkˈsɛsfəli ðeɪ ˈrɛrli kənˈdəktəd əˈfɛnsɪv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ənd ˈivɪn wɪn ðeɪ dɪd ðeɪ wər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈlɪmɪtɪd. ˈmoʊstli rɪˈkrutɪd frəm ðə seɪm ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɛz ðɛr əˈpoʊnənts, ðeɪ wər ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ ðə seɪm ˌmoʊtəˈveɪʃənz ənd ˈprɛʃərz, ənd ˈɔfən ˈsəfərd ˈikwəli æt ðə hænz əv ðə ənd ə ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪˈnɛpt ˈgəvərnmənt. ˈpurli treɪnd ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn biɪŋ ˌriɪnˈfɔrst, ðə ˌtɛrɪˈtɔriəl ˈfɔrsɪz ˈjuʒəwəli prəˈvaɪdɪd ˈlɪtəl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə. ə ˈjuˈɛs ædˈvaɪzəri tim ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd ɪn səˈpɔrt, ɛz dɪd ə fju ɔˈstreɪljənz frəm ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɑrmi ˈtreɪnɪŋ tim viˌɛtˈnɑm (aattv*); dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr ˈɛfərts, ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əv ðə rɪˈmeɪnd ˈlɪmɪtɪd. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv 1 ˈfərðər riˈstrɪktɪd ðɛr əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈɔpərˌeɪt ɪn ɛz ɪt ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli keɪm tɪ ˈdɑməˌneɪt ðə ˈprɑvɪns. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, 1 kənˈsɪstɪd əv tu ˈɪnfəntri kəˈmændɪd baɪ luˈtɛnənt ˈkərnəl ʤɑn wɔr, ənd 6 ˈəndər luˈtɛnənt ˈkərnəl ˈkoʊlɪn ˈtaʊnzənd. ˈəðər ˈjunɪts ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə ˈeɪˈpiˈsi skˈwɑdrən ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌpərsəˈnɛl ˈkɛriərz; fild ˈrɛʤəmənt, rɔɪəl ɔˈstreɪljən ɑrˈtɪləri kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv ðə nu ˈzilənd ˈbætəri ənd tu ɔˈstreɪljən ˈbætəriz ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ˈeɪˈtin 105 pæk ˈhaʊətsərz; ɛz wɛl ɛz sɪks 155 ˈhaʊətsərz frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs ə ˈbætəri, bəˈtæljən, ɑrˈtɪləri ˈrɛʤəmənt ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli əˈtæʧt æt dæt; sæs skˈwɑdrən; fild skˈwɑdrən ənd ˈɛnʤəˈnɪr səˈpɔrt trup; ˈsɪgnəlz skˈwɑdrən; riˈkɑnəsəns flaɪt ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɛznə ənd bɛl su laɪt ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz; ənd ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns dɪˈtæʧmənt. səˈpɔrt ərˈeɪnʤmənts wər prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ləˈʤɪstɪk səˈpɔrt grup 1) ɪˈstæblɪʃt 30 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz 19 mi) saʊθ æt, waɪl eɪt ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz frəm noʊ. 9 skˈwɑdrən ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd frəm ðət loʊˈkeɪʃən. ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɔrsɪz prəˈvaɪdɪd kənˈsɪdərəbəl səˈpɔrt ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmidiəm ənd ˈhɛvi ɑrˈtɪləri, kloʊz ɛr səˈpɔrt, ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ˈgənˌʃɪps, ənd əˈdɪʃənəl juˈtɪləti, ˈmidiəm ənd ˈhɛvi lɪft ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz. ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ɔˈstreɪljən fɔrs dɪˈplɔɪd sɪns ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr, ɪt hæd bɪn ˈræpədli əˈsɛmbəld. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈmɛni əv 1 ˈɔfɪsərz ənd ˌpərsəˈnɛl hæd ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ɪkˈspɪriəns, ɪt ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈmɛni ənˈtraɪd ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərvəsmɛn. fju hæd dɪˈrɛkt ɪkˈspɪriəns əv ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ənd ˈivɪn lɛs ə ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm. ðə tæsk fɔrs wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ treɪn təˈgɛðər ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈpɑrʧər. prɪˈlɪməˌnɛri ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈɛdət wɪθ 1 ɪˈstæblɪʃt æt dæt, ˈsəbsəkwənt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ˈsɪriz əv sərʧ ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈmɪʃənz tɪ geɪn kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər. ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ɪts ˈɪnfluəns bɪɔnd laɪn ˈælfə, ɪn ˈərli ˌʤuˈlaɪ 5 pəˈtroʊld nɔrθ θru nghệ*ệ, waɪl 6 klɪrd lɔŋ tɪ ðə saʊθ, riˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts hu hæd rɪˈtərnd sɪns meɪ. 5 ðɛn bɪˈgæn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈlɔŋ rut 2 ənd ˈsərʧɪŋ mỹ*ỹ ɔn ˌʤuˈlaɪ ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər ðə ˈklɪrəns əv ˌbiˈeɪ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə sæs kənˈdəktəd ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ pəˈtroʊlz tɪ ðə ɛʤ əv ðə taor*, tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈərli ˈwɔrnɪŋ əv ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃənz. dɪˈspaɪt səʧ ˈmɛʒərz, ðə ənd ˈrɛʤəmənts ɪˈludɪd 1 ənd wər θɔt tɪ bi ɪn ðə ənd ˌnɔrˈθist əv ðə ˈprɑvɪns. jɛt, wɪθ ðə dɪˈvɪʒən bɪˈlivd ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ˈɛniˌwɛr ɪn wɪˈθɪn 24 tɪ 48 aʊərz, ɪt rɪˈmeɪnd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt θrɛt. ɛz 1 bɪˈgæn tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt ðə ˈfridəm əv ˈækʃən, ə rɪˈspɑns wɑz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ɪkˈspɛktɪd. ˈmɔrtər faɪər ənd smɔl proʊbz ɔn ðə dæt pərˈɪmətər hæd bɪn ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ənd hæd əˈkərd, wɪθ səʧ ækˈtɪvɪti ə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈpreɪˌlud tɪ ən əˈtæk. rəˈgɑrdləs, əˈsɛsmənts əv ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz ʧeɪnʤd frəm ðoʊz əv meɪ ənd ʤun. wɛˈræz ˈpriviəsli ə ˌfʊlˈskeɪl əˈsɔlt wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd, ɛz wər ˈstrɛŋθənd ən əˈtæk əˈgɛnst ən ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ˈkəmpəˌni ər bəˈtæljən wɑz kənˈsɪdərd mɔr ˈlaɪkli. ˈəðər ˌpɑsəˈbɪlətiz ˌɪnˈkludɪd kənˈtɪnjud ˈskərmɪʃɪz ər ˈæmbʊʃɪz ˈdʊrɪŋ ruˈtin pəˈtroʊlɪŋ, ər ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈɪntərˌdɪkt ə risəˈplaɪ ˈkɑnˌvɔɪ frəm. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsoʊlʤər ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn ˈprɑvɪns baɪ ðə ɛnd əv ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ə lɑrʤ fɔrs hæd bɪn dɪˈtɛktɪd baɪ sæs pəˈtroʊlz ist əv dæt, nɪr ðə əˈbændənd ˈvɪlɪʤ əv lɔŋ. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, 6 lɔnʧt ə bəˈtæljən sərʧ ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv ɔn 25 ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm bəˈtæljən baʊnst ɔf si ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv riˈtritɪŋ əˈsɔltɪd bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ə ˈblɑkɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən, ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ ˈdrɪvən ɔf wɪθ ˈhɛvi ˈkæʒəwəltiz. ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪz, ˈfərðər ˈklæʃɪz əˈkərd əraʊnd lɔŋ tæn, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn 13 kɪld ənd 19 ˈwundɪd, ənd ɔˈstreɪljən ˈlɔsɪz əv θri kɪld ənd 19 ˈwundɪd. jɛt wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts riˈsɛtəld, ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈfɔrtəˌfaɪd ənd ðə pərˈɪmətər ˈrɛgjələrli pəˈtroʊld, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz kənˈsɪdərd ðə ˈɛriə sɪˈkjʊr. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ðə ənd ˈrɛʤəmənts stɪl æt lɑrʤ, ənˈsərtənti rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn groʊɪŋ ˈtɛnʃən ɪn 1. bɪˈlivɪŋ hæd rɪˈtərnd tɪ lɔŋ, ðeɪ sərʧt ðə ˈɛriə əˈgɛn ɔn 29 ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ðət ˌæftərˈnun, ɛz 6 kəˈmɛnst ə dɪˈteɪld sərʧ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪts ˌɪˈnɪʃəl swip, ˈʤæksən ˈɔrdərd ɪts ˌɪˈmiˌdiət rɪˈtərn tɪ dæt ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ saʊθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis rɪˈpɔrts əv ə lɑrʤ ˈprɛzəns kloʊz tɪ ðə beɪs, wɪθ ðə bəˈtæljən ˈɛˌrlɪftɪd aʊt baɪ ˈərli ˈivnɪŋ. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋz wər ˌənkənˈfərmd ənd ən əˈtæk əˈgɛnst dæt wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ənˈlaɪkli, 1 wɑz re-postured*. ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈtroʊlz wər sɛnt aʊt ɪn iʧ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈoʊvər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪz, bət faʊnd ˈlɪtəl əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns. ˈʤæksən hæd simd tɪ over-react*, ənd hɪz rɪkˈwɛsts fər əˈsɪstəns frəm ˈjuˈɛs fild fɔrs, viˌɛtˈnɑm wər dɪˈnaɪd. ˈleɪtər ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ənd ðə ˈkraɪsəs səbˈsaɪdɪd, jɛt ɪt wɑz ˌɪnˈdɪkətɪv əv ðə əˈlɑrmz ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə fərst mənθs əv 1, ənd ðɛr ˈifɛkt. ɪn ˈərli ˈɔgəst 5 kənˈtɪnjud ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈlɔŋ rut 2 ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə ˈkɔrdən ənd sərʧ əv ˌbiˈeɪ wɪʧ hæd bɪn poʊstˈpoʊnd ɪn leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ki tɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðə nɔrθ əv ðə ˈprɑvɪns ənd ˈlɪŋkɪŋ bà*à tɪ ɪn lɔŋ ˈprɑvɪns, jɛt ɪt wɑz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ðə, ənd wɪθ ə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wʊd bi ˈkɑmplɛks. 5 sild ɔf ˌbiˈeɪ ˌbiˈfɔr fərst laɪt ɔn 9 ˈɔgəst, səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ tu ˈkəmpəˌniz frəm 6, ɛz wɛl ɛz, ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ənd ɑrˈtɪləri. əˈkəmpənid baɪ saʊθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis pəˈlis, ðeɪ məˈθɑdɪkəli sərʧt ðə ˈɛriə waɪl ðə ˌɪnˈhæbɪtənts wər prəˈvaɪdɪd wɪθ fud ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl eɪd, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈfərðər ˈsərʧɪz əv mỹ*ỹ ənd trung*. baɪ 10 ˈɔgəst ˌbiˈeɪ ənd ɪts əˈproʊʧɪz hæd bɪn klɪrd ənd ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz kəˈmɛnst ˈsərʧɪŋ ðə ˈɛriəz ist ənd wɛst əv rut 2 ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈlɪtəl ˈkɑnˌtækt əˈkərd, wən ɔˈstreɪljən wɑz kɪld ɔn 14 ˈɔgəst ˈdʊrɪŋ ə brif ˈæftər ə grup əv əˈproʊʧt ðɛr ˈhɑrbər. rut 2 wɑz ˈoʊpənd tɪ səˈvɪljən ˈtræfɪk ɔn 18 ˈɔgəst. baɪ ðə kənˈkluʒən əv ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, 17 hæd bɪn ˌæprɪˈhɛndəd ənd ə ˈfərðər 77 ˈsəˌspɛkts dɪˈteɪnd, dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə ˌbiˈeɪ gərˈɪlə pləˈtun, ˈkrɪpəlɪŋ ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər əv ðə ˌɪnˈsərʤənsi ənd ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈəndər ˈgəvərnmənt ˈɪnfluəns, wɪθ ən ˈreɪnʤər ˈkəmpəˌni ˈleɪtər ˈsteɪʃənd ðɛr tɪ meɪnˈteɪn kənˈtroʊl. əˈʧivd æt ˈlɪtəl kɔst, ɪt wɑz bɪˈlivd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt səkˈsɛs. wɔr ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr kənˈsɪdərd səʧ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈvaɪtəl tɪ ðə ˌpæsəfəˈkeɪʃən əv, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðeɪ wər ðə ˈoʊnli weɪ tɪ ðə ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər ənd wər ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl fərst stɛp ɪn dɪˈfitɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈfɔrsɪz, ˈivɪn ɪf ðɛr ˈifɛktɪvnəs rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ðə kˈwɛsʧənəbəl əˈbɪləˌti əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈræpədli ɪˈstæblɪʃ ˈkɑmpətɪnt ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti. ˈæftər tu mənθs, 1 hæd muvd bɪɔnd ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ɪˈstæblɪʃɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf ənd sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ɪts ˌɪˈmiˌdiət əˈproʊʧɪz, kəˈmɛnsɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə ˈprɑvɪns. ðə tæsk fɔrs hæd ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd ðə beɪs ˈɛriəz tɪ ðə ist ənd kəm ɔf ðə ˈbɛtər ˈdʊrɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈklæʃɪz wɪθ ˈkəmpəˌniz frəm bəˈtæljən. ˈfərðər ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz hæd bɪn kənˈdəktəd ɪn ðə dɪn hɪlz tɪ wɛst, waɪl roʊd ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əˈlɔŋ rʊts 15 ənd 23 ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ðɛr vaɪəˈbɪləti, ˌbiˈeɪ hæd bɪn klɪrd əv ˈɪnfluəns ənd rut 2 ˈoʊpənd tɪ səˈvɪljən ˈtræfɪk. jɛt ðə ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ nid tɪ sɪˈkjʊr dæt rɪˈdust ðə ˈkɑmbæt paʊər əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə tæsk fɔrs kəˈmændər, ənd ɪt wɑz ˈɛvədənt ðət wɪθ ˈoʊnli tu ðən ðə ˈjuʒəwəl lækt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti, ɛz waɪl wən bəˈtæljən ˈkɛrid aʊt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ðə ˈəðər wɑz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðə beɪs ənd prəˈvaɪd ə ˈrɛdi riˈækʃən fɔrs. sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ləˈʤɪstɪk ˈprɑbləmz ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪgd ðə tæsk fɔrs, ɛz 1 ˈstrəgəld tɪ bɪˈkəm ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl əˈmɪd ðə sænd dunz æt, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈʃɔrtɪʤɪz əv ˈvaɪtəl ɪkˈwɪpmənt. baɪ ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ˈɔgəst, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən trups wər groʊɪŋ taɪərd frəm ˈkɑnstənt deɪ ənd naɪt pəˈtroʊlɪŋ wɪθ noʊ ˈrɛspɪt frəm beɪs dɪˈfɛns ˈdutiz. ə rɛst ənd ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræm bɪˈgæn, wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈgrænɪd tu deɪz liv ɪn, bət ðɪs ˈfərðər strɛʧt ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈfɔrsɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ 1. ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə groʊɪŋ θrɛt poʊzd baɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz, ðə kəˈmændər əv ðə dɪˈvɪʒən ˈfaɪnəli ˈɔrdərd ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt tɪ muv əˈgɛnst dæt. viɛt kɔŋ ˈsoʊlʤərz frəm bəˈtæljən fər ˈsɛvərəl wiks, ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɪgnəlz ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns (sigint*) hæd trækt ə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ trænsˈmɪtər frəm ðə ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt ˈmuvɪŋ ˈwɛstwərdz tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən ʤɪst nɔrθ əv lɔŋ ˈjuzɪŋ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪkˈstɛnsɪv pəˈtroʊlɪŋ feɪld tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈjunɪt. prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ ðə tɔp ˈsikrɪt 547 ˈsɪgnəlz trup, ðə rɪˈpɔrts bɪˈgæn ɔn 29 ˌʤuˈlaɪ æt ðə haɪt əv ðə fɔls əˈlɑrm, wɪθ ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ dɪˈtɛktɪd ˈmuvɪŋ təˈwɔrdz dæt frəm ə pəˈzɪʃən nɔrθ əv mộc*. ɪt kənˈtɪnjud æt ə reɪt əv 1 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətər mi) ə deɪ ənd baɪ 13 ˈɔgəst wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd nɪr ðə dæt 2 ˈfiʧər, ə hɪl ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv lɔŋ, ˈmitərz yd*) ist əv dæt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈoʊnli ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðə ˈmuvmənt əv ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ənd noʊ trænzˈmɪʃənz hæd bɪn ˌɪnərˈsɛptɪd, ɪt səˈʤɛstɪd ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt, ər æt list ə riˈkɑnəsəns ˈpɑrti əv ðət ˈjunɪt. waɪl dɪˈsɛpʃən kʊd nɑt bi ruld aʊt, ˈʤæksən tʊk ðə θrɛt ˈsɪriəsli ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈtroʊlz wər sɛnt aʊt. jɛt ðə ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti wɑz ə ˈkloʊsli ˈgɑrdɪd ˈsikrɪt, ənd ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə sɔrs əv ðə rɪˈpɔrts hæd bɪn ˈlɪmɪtɪd tɪ ˈʤæksən, hɪz tu ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈɔfɪsərz, ənd ðə 1 ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈɔfɪsər, waɪl ˈniðər bəˈtæljən kəˈmændər hæd ˈækˌsɛs. ɔn 15 ˈɔgəst di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 pəˈtroʊld tɪ dæt 2 ənd rɪˈtərnd θru ðə lɔŋ ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən. ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪ ə ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 dɪˈpɑrtɪd ɔn ə pəˈtroʊl ɔn ə rut wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludɪd dæt 2 ənd ðə rɪʤ tɪ ðə. ˈɛni ˈsaɪzəbəl fɔrs ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti wʊd hæv bɪn ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd, bət ˈniðər pəˈtroʊl faʊnd ˈɛniˌθɪŋ əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns. sæs pəˈtroʊlz ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ðə dɪn hɪlz tɪ ðə wɛst. baɪ 16 ˈɔgəst, ðə ˈkɑmjənəst fɔrs wɑz pəˈzɪʃənd ist əv ðə lɔŋ ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən, ʤɪst ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə reɪnʤ əv ðə ɑrˈtɪləri æt dæt. ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wɑz θɔt tɪ hæv bɪn plænd baɪ ˈkərnəl nuˈjɛn θæn hɔŋ, ə stæf ˈɔfɪsər frəm ðə dɪˈvɪʒən hu wɑz ˈlaɪkli ɪn ˈoʊvərˌɔl kənˈtroʊl. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz hæv bɪn dəˈbeɪtɪd ɪn ðə jɪrz sɪns, ðə eɪm wɑz ˈlaɪkli boʊθ ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈvɪktəri, riˈzɑlvɪŋ tɪ pruv ðɛr strɛŋθ tɪ ðə ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ənd ˈəndərˌmaɪn ɔˈstreɪljən ˈpəblɪk səˈpɔrt fər ðə wɔr. ðeɪ wʊd ˈprɑbəˌbli hæv noʊn wən əv 1 bəˈtæljənz wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ðə sərʧ əv ˌbiˈeɪ ənd meɪ hæv kənˈsɪdərd dæt ˈwikli dɪˈfɛndɪd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt. ˌəndɪˈtɛktɪd, ɪt ˈlaɪkli kənˈsɪstɪd əv θri bəˈtæljənz əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɪθ əˈprɑksəmətli mɛn, ˈpɑsəbli ˌriɪnˈfɔrst baɪ æt list wən ˈrɛgjələr bəˈtæljən, ənd bəˈtæljən wɪθ əp tɪ 350 2 wɛl ɑrmd, ðeɪ wər ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ənd əˈsɔlt ˈraɪfəlz, grəˈneɪdz, laɪt, ˈmɔrtərz ənd. lɑrʤ kˈwɑntətiz əv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən wər ˈkɛrid, wɪθ iʧ mæn ˈɪʃud tu ər θri grəˈneɪdz, ənd əp tɪ 10 ər 12 ɛz wɛl ɛz ə rɪˈzərv əv smɔl ɑrmz, ˈmɔrtər bɑmz ənd raʊnz fər ðɛr ˈwɛpənz. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd 15 tɪ 20 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz tɪ mi), ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ə pəˈzɪʃən ɔn rut 2 tɪ ˈæmˌbʊʃ ə skˈwɑdrən əv ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɑrmərd ˈkævəlri ˈrɛʤəmənt wɪʧ ðeɪ ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd wʊd muv daʊn ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ frəm lɔŋ tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz. ˈbætəl ˈɛdət ˈoʊpənɪŋ muvz, ˈɔgəst 1966 ˈɛdət ˈbætəl əv lɔŋ tæn, 18 ˈɔgəst 1966 æt ɔn ðə naɪt əv ˈɔgəst dæt wɑz ˈhɛvəli bɑmˈbɑrdɪd baɪ ðə, biɪŋ hɪt baɪ ˈoʊvər 100 raʊnz frəm ˈsɛvərəl 82 ˈmɔrtərz, 75 ənd ən oʊld ˌʤæpəˈniz 70 ˈhaʊətsər faɪərd frəm ə pəˈzɪʃən 2 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz mi) tɪ ðə ist. moʊst əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri wər dɪˈplɔɪd æt ðə taɪm, wɪθ 5 stɪl ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɔn ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən holsworthy*, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ə smɔl steɪ bɪˈhaɪnd ˈpɑrti rɪˈmeɪnd. ə ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 wɑz ɔn pəˈtroʊl ɪn ðə ˌnɔrˈθist əv ðə taor*, waɪl ə pləˈtun frəm si ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈmænɪŋ ə naɪt ˈæmˌbʊʃ tɪ ðə. kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ fər 22 ˈmɪnəts, ɪt ˈdæmɪʤd ˈviɪkəlz ənd tɛnts ənd ˈwundɪd 24 mɛn, wən əv hum ˈleɪtər daɪd. ðə ˌɪmˈpækt wɑz sprɛd ˈoʊvər ðə saʊθ ənd, wɪθ ðə fild ˈbætəri ˈhɛviəst hɪt. dɪˈspaɪt ˈkəmɪŋ ˈəndər faɪər, ðə gənz frəm ðə fild ˈrɛʤəmənt, wər kˈwɪkli brɔt ˈɪntu ˈækʃən, kəˈmɛnsɪŋ faɪər æt ɛz ðə ɑrˈtɪləri ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈreɪˌdɑr wɑz səˈspɛktɪd əv biɪŋ ˈfɔlti, ðɪs wɑz dən ˈjuzɪŋ ˈkəmpəs ˈbɛrɪŋz ɔn saʊnd ənd flæʃ. ˈæftər ðə ˈlaɪkli ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pɔɪnt wɑz ˈplɑtɪd, ə ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl faɪər ˈmɪʃən əv 10 raʊnz wɑz faɪərd frəm iʧ gən ˈtoʊtəlɪŋ 240 raʊnz, ənd ðə sist. wɪθ ðə əˈtæk ˈoʊvər, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈmeɪnd əˈlərt ɪn keɪs əv ə graʊnd əˈsɔlt; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, noʊ ˈfɑloʊ əp əˈkərd. rəˈgɑrdləs, ðə ɑrˈtɪləri kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ʃɛl səˈspɛktɪd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz ənd wɪθˈdrɔəl rʊts ənˈtɪl ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə wər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ hæv wɪθˈdrɔn, ˈsɛvərəl ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈtroʊlz wʊd bi dɪˈspæʧt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmɔrnɪŋ tɪ sərʧ ðə ˈɛriə ist əv dæt ɪn rɪˈspɑns. ˈtaʊnzənd ˈɔrdərd bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈəndər ˈmeɪʤər noʊɛl fɔrd tɪ priˈpɛr fər ə pəˈtroʊl tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pɔɪnts wɪʧ wər bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈɛriə bɪtˈwin ðə əˈbændənd ˈvɪlɪʤɪz əv lɔŋ, lɔŋ, ənd ðə dæt 2 ˈfiʧər. ˈhævɪŋ dən soʊ, ɪt wɑz tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə pləˈtun frəm si ˈkəmpəˌni ˈmaʊnɪd ɪn wɑz tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt ə səˈspɛktɪd beɪs pleɪt loʊˈkeɪʃən əv dæt. ə ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd kənˈtɪnju ɪts pəˈtroʊl ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv dæt 2 waɪl 7 pləˈtun, si kənˈdəktɪŋ ə naɪt ˈæmˌbʊʃ ɔn ðə ˈsəðərn ɛʤ əv ðə sərʧ ə ˈnəmbər əv saɪts ɛz ɪt rɪˈtərnd ðət ˈmɔrnɪŋ. noʊ sæs pəˈtroʊlz wər dɪˈplɔɪd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə əˈtæk, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈsɛvərəl hæd ˈpriviəsli bɪn plænd tɪ ðə nɔrθ bɪtˈwin ˌbiˈeɪ ənd ðə ˈkərtəneɪ ˌplænˈteɪʃən ɪn ˌprɛpərˈeɪʃən fər ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz, ənd wɛnt əˈhɛd ənˈʧeɪnʤd. əˈnəðər pəˈtroʊl wɑz ˌɪnˈsərtɪd nɪr ðə sɔŋ rɑi, 16 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətərz mi) ˌnɔrˈθist əv dæt, ɔn ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ əv 17 ˈɔgəst. ˈnoʊtɪŋ saɪnz əv sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ækˈtɪvɪti sun ˈæftərwərdz, ɪt ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ˈsɛvərəl træks ˈmuvɪŋ wɛst meɪd əˈprɑksəmətli sɪks aʊərz ˈərliər, ˈpɑsəbli baɪ ə ləˈʤɪstɪk ˈjunɪt. jɛt ðə pəˈtroʊl wɑz ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd ənd du tɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˌɪnərˈfɪrəns ənd ˈfɔlti ɪkˈwɪpmənt ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ bi ˌriˈpɔrtəd ənˈtɪl ɛkˈstrækʃən tu deɪz ˈleɪtər. ɔˈstreɪljən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əˈsɛs ə graʊnd əˈtæk əˈgɛnst dæt ɛz ənˈlaɪkli. bət wɪθ ðə bɑmˈbɑrdmənt ə ˈlaɪkli ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ˈfərðər əˈfɛnsɪv ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst 1, ˈʤæksən fɛlt hi wʊd bi əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈædəkwɪtli rɪˈspɑnd wɪθ ˈoʊnli wən bəˈtæljən. 5 wɑz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈɔrdərd tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ dæt, ənd wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd bæk baɪ 18 ˈɔgəst. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hæd ˈərliər əˈlərtɪd ˈʤæksən tɪ ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈprɛzəns əv ə strɔŋ fɔrs ɪn ðə vɪˈsɪnɪti əv dæt 2 pəˈtroʊlz əv ðə ˈɛriə rɪˈvild ˈnəθɪŋ ənd ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns bi ˈkəmpəˌni dɪd nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ mit sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən. ˈstɛpɪŋ ɔf ˈərli ɔn 17 ˈɔgəst ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ðeɪ wʊd nɑt bi aʊt lɔŋ ənd wər ˈoʊnli ˈlaɪtli ɪkˈwɪpt ɪn pəˈtroʊl ˈɔrdər, ˈlækɪŋ sˈlipɪŋ gɪr ənd ˈræʃənz. wɪθ ʤɪst 80 ˈmɛni du tɪ kəˈmɛns liv ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ wər sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli under-strength*. ˈkrɔsɪŋ ðə ˈdiˈeɪ bæŋ krik, ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pɔɪnt əv ðə ˈmɔrtərz wɑz sun ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɛz wər saɪnz əv ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl ɛz ðeɪ pʊʃt ˈfərðər ist. ˈminˌwaɪl, ə ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 ˈəndər ˈkæptən ˈʧɑrəlz ˈmɑlɪsən kənˈtɪnjud ɪts pəˈtroʊl nɔrθ əv dæt 2 ənd wɑz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn θri ˈmaɪnər ˈklæʃɪz, ˈkɪlɪŋ wən ənd ˈwundɪŋ tu. bi ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈsəbsəkwəntli tæskt tɪ rɪˈmeɪn ɪn ðə ˈɛriə tɪ sərʧ tɪ ðə nɔrθ ənd ist ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪ ənd wɑz mɛt baɪ ˈpɔrtərz ðət ˌæftərˈnun tɪ səˈplaɪ ðɛm wɪθ ˈræʃənz. 9 pləˈtun, si ˈkəmpəˌni rɪˈtərnd tɪ dæt wɪθ ˈnəθɪŋ tɪ rɪˈpɔrt, ˈlivɪŋ ə ənd bi ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ ˈhɑrbər ɪn ðɛr naɪt loʊˈkeɪʃənz. ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə saɪz əv ðə ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ˌɪnˈkrist. ˈkæptən braɪən ˈwɪkənz, ðə 6 ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈɔfɪsər, əˈsɛst ðət ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈmidiəm ˈmɔrtərz, ənd ɑrˈtɪləri ˈlaɪkli ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt fɔrs. du tɪ groʊɪŋ ənˈsərtənti əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz, ˈʤæksən əˈgrid ðə pəˈtroʊl ˈskɛʤʊld fər 18 ˈɔgəst ʃʊd bi ˌɪnˈkrist frəm pləˈtun tɪ ˈkəmpəˌni saɪz. di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 ˈəndər kəˈmænd əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈhɛri smɪθ hæd ˈpriviəsli bɪn dɪˈteɪld fər ə pəˈtroʊl əv dæt ənd wɑz ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈɔrdərd tɪ rɪˈliv bi ˈkəmpəˌni ðə nɛkst deɪ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə sərʧ. dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, ˈniðər ˈtaʊnzənd nɔr smɪθ wər wɔrnd əv ðə ˈpɑsəbəl ˈprɛzəns əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt. pəˈtroʊlɪŋ ist əv dæt, 18 ˈɔgəst 1966 ˈɛdət ˈæftər ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli ˈspɛndɪŋ ðə naɪt ɪn ðə bʊʃ, ðə mɛn frəm bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈskɛʤʊld tɪ goʊ ɔn liv rɪˈtərnd tɪ dæt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. æt ðə dɪˈplitɪd tɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl pləˈtun ənd ˈkəmpəˌni ðə sərʧ ist ɛz fɑr ɛz ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən, waɪl ə ˈkəmpəˌni sərʧt daʊn ðə ˈdiˈeɪ bæŋ təˈwɔrdz ðɛm. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈwɛpən pɪts wər ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd, ɛz wər ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz əv ðə ˈmɔrtərz ənd, waɪl dɪˈskɑrdɪd ˈkloʊðɪŋ ənd ˈblədˌsteɪnz faʊnd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ kənˈfərmd ðə ˈækjərəsi əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ɑrˈtɪləri. æt dæt di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 priˈpɛrd fər ɪts pəˈtroʊl, tɛst ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈpækɪŋ ɪkˈwɪpmənt. dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈərliər bɑmˈbɑrdmənt ˈoʊnli ðə ˈstændərd ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən loʊd wʊd bi ˈteɪkən. ˈlaɪtli ɑrmd, ðeɪ ˈkɛrid ʤɪst 60 raʊnz fər ðɛr ənd ˈraɪfəlz, ənd 200 raʊnz fər iʧ. smɪθ wɑz brift baɪ ˈwɪkənz hu ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ðə ˈlaɪkli ˈprɛzəns əv ə fɔrs ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ˈmɔrtərz, əˈsɛsɪŋ ɪt wʊd bi ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈmaʊntɪŋ ən ˈæmˌbʊʃ du tɪ ðə ˈifɛkt əv ðə faɪər. waɪl ðə saɪz əv ðə fɔrs wɑz ənˈnoʊn ɪt wɑz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi smɔl ənd ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti ɪt wɑz pɑrt əv ə ˈlɑrʤər fɔrs pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ muv əˈgɛnst dæt kʊd nɑt bi ˈdɪˌskaʊnɪd. ðə wər bɪˈlivd ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈtæk ə fɔrs ənd tɪ lɔnʧ ˈmɔrtər əˈtæks ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðət ðə ˈpriviəs ˈmɔrnɪŋ. smɪθ ðɛn dɪˈskəst ðə pəˈtroʊl wɪθ ˈtaʊnzənd. ɪf bi ˈkəmpəˌni hæd ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl rut juzd baɪ ðə ˈmɔrtər kruz, hi wɑz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪt wɪθ ðə eɪm əv ˌɪntərˈdɪkʃən; ˈəðərˌwaɪz hi wɑz tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə sərʧ ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd. əˈsumɪŋ bəˈtæljən tɪ bi ðə ˈoʊnli ˈjunɪt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə frəm ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈveɪləbəl, smɪθ bɪˈlivd ðeɪ wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ðət ˈjunɪts ˈhɛvi ˈwɛpənz pləˈtun əv əˈprɑksəmətli 30 tɪ 40 mɛn. hi brift hɪz pləˈtun kəˈmændərz əˈkɔrdɪŋli, ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ˈɔlsoʊ fɛlt ðə wʊd hæv lɔŋ sɪns lɛft ðə ˈɛriə. ˈminˌwaɪl, 5 (ˈmaɪnəs wən ˈkəmpəˌni) rɪˈtərnd tɪ dæt. di ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈpɑrtɪd dæt æt ɔn 18 ˈɔgəst. lɛd baɪ smɪθ ənd əˈkəmpənid baɪ ə nu ˈzilənd ɑrˈtɪləri ˈfɔrwərd əbˈzərvər ˈpɑrti ˈəndər ˈkæptən ˈmɑrɪs ˈstænli, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni kˈwɪkli. ɔˈrɛdi bɪˈhaɪnd ˈskɛʤʊl ənd wɪθ bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhævɪŋ bɪn aʊt fər ˈlɔŋgər ðən ɪkˈspɛktɪd, smɪθ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ rɪˈliv fɔrd ˌbiˈfɔr mɔr taɪm ɪˈlæpst ənd ðɛn ˈfɑloʊ ðə træks tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə pərˈsut ðət ˌæftərˈnun. ˈɑptɪŋ fər spid, hi əˈdɑptəd ˈsɪŋgəl faɪl, wɪθ 12 pləˈtun ˈəndər ˈsɛkənd luˈtɛnənt ˈdeɪvɪd ɪn ðə lɛd. dɪˈspaɪt ðə hit ðə ˈkəmpəˌni muvd æt ə fæst peɪs, trəˈvərsɪŋ ðə loʊ skrəb, swɔmp ənd ˈpædi fildz ɛz ðeɪ kloʊzd ɪn ɔn bi ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə rɑk ənd roʊl ækts ˈlɪtəl ˈpæti ənd ʤɔɪ ənd ðə ʤɔɪ bɔɪz hæd floʊn ˈɪntu dæt ənd wər ˈsɛtɪŋ əp fər ðə ˌæftərˈnun ˈkɑnsərt. ˈmɛni əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz wər ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd æt ðə ˈprɑspɛkt əv ˈmɪsɪŋ ðə ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt, ənd ɛz ðeɪ pəˈtroʊld ist ðeɪ ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli hərd ðə mˈjuzɪk θru ðə triz. æt ðeɪ mɛt əp wɪθ bi ˈkəmpəˌni ɔn ðə ɛʤ əv ðə lɔŋ ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən, əˈprɑksəmətli ˈmitərz yd*) frəm dæt. di ˈkəmpəˌni muvd ˈɪntu dɪˈfɛns ənd ˈsɛntriz wər ˈpoʊstɪd. waɪl ðə ˈsoʊlʤərz hæd lənʧ, smɪθ ənd fɔrd ˌɪnˈspɛktɪd ðə ˈɛriə wɪθ ə smɔl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈpɑrti. ðə pəˈzɪʃən əˈpɪrd tɪ hæv bɪn juzd baɪ ðə ɛz ə ˈsteɪʤɪŋ ˈɛriə praɪər tɪ ðə bɑmˈbɑrdmənt tu naɪts ˌbiˈfɔr, waɪl saɪnz əv ˈkæʒəwəltiz ˈhævɪŋ bɪn ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd baɪ kɑrt wər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd. bləd steɪnz ənd ə kˈwɑntəti əv ɪkˈwɪpmənt ənd ˈsændəlz wər ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd. ðə ˈmɔrtər ənd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ loʊˈkeɪʃənz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ɪgˈzæmənd. ˈæftər ˈbrifɪŋ smɪθ, fɔrd ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv bi ˈkəmpəˌni tərnd fər dæt. di ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsəbsəkwəntli tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə pərˈsut. smɪθ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ saɪnz əv ə frɛʃ træk ˈlidɪŋ ˌnɔrˈθist. ˈsɛtɪŋ ɔf æt di ˈkəmpəˌni ˈpɛrəˌlɛld ə træk ˈrənɪŋ sˈlaɪtli ˈəˈphɪl. ˈsɛkənd luˈtɛnənt ˈgɔrdən ʃɑrps 11 pləˈtun wɑz ɪn ðə lɛd, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, wɪθ 10 pləˈtun ɔn ðə lɛft ˈəndər ˈsɛkənd luˈtɛnənt ʤɛf ˈkɛndəl, ənd 12 pləˈtun ɔn ðə raɪt. iʧ pləˈtun muvd ɪn ˈoʊpən fɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪθ tu ˈsɛkʃənz ˈfɔrwərd ɪn ˈɛroʊˌhɛd ənd wən bæk, ɔn ə ˈfrəntɪʤ əv əˈprɑksəmətli 160 ˈmitərz 170 yd*). ˈmuvɪŋ ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə ˌplænˈteɪʃən, ðə ˈoʊldər triz ənd ˈpæʧi ˈəndərˌgroʊθ geɪv weɪ tɪ streɪt roʊz əv klin ˈrəbər wɪʧ əˈfɔrdəd lɔŋ vjuz ɪn wən dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, bət ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ɪn ˈəðərz. ˈæftər 200 ˈmitərz 220 yd*) ðə træk dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntu tu wɪʧ ræn ˈrəfli ɪn ˈpɛrəˌlɛl, 300 ˈmitərz 330 yd*) əˈpɑrt. æt ðə ˈʤəŋkʃən di ˈkəmpəˌni faʊnd ˈɛvədəns əv ðə ˈmɔrtərz ˈhævɪŋ bɪn priˈpɛrd fər ˈfaɪərrɪŋ, waɪl mɔr ˈskætərd ɪkˈwɪpmənt wɑz faʊnd wɪʧ əˈgɛn ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðə ˈækjərəsi əv ðə faɪər ənd ə ˈræpɪd wɪθˈdrɔəl. əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈkəvər boʊθ træks, smɪθ ˈreɪdiˌoʊd ˈtaʊnzənd tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən. ɪt wɑz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd di ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd teɪk ðə mɔr ˈistərli træk, təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈlɪmət əv ðə reɪnʤ əv ðɛr ˈkəvərɪŋ ɑrˈtɪləri. smɪθ əˈdɑptəd ə "tu əp, wən bæk" fɔrˈmeɪʃən, wɪθ 10 pləˈtun ɔn ðə lɛft ənd 11 pləˈtun ɔn ðə haɪər graʊnd tɪ ðə raɪt. ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz wɑz ˈsɛntrəl, wɪθ 12 pləˈtun ˈfɑloʊɪŋ tɪ ðə rɪr. wɛl dɪˈspərst wɪθ əˈbaʊt 10 ˈmitərz 11 yd*) bɪtˈwin iʧ mæn, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni hæd ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈfrəntɪʤ əv 400 ˈmitərz 440 yd*) ənd wɑz əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm ɪn dɛpθ. əˈmɪd ðə triz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən wɑz 150 tɪ 200 ˈmitərz 160 tɪ 220 yd*), əˈlaʊɪŋ ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈkɑnˌtækt bɪtˈwin smɪθ ənd hɪz pləˈtunz. waɪl ˈstændərd fər ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɪnfəntri ɪn səʧ təreɪn, ðɪs ˈspeɪsɪŋ wɑz ˈlɑrʤər ðən ðət ˈjuʒəwəli əˈdɑptəd baɪ ər ˈjuˈɛs ˈjunɪts. di ˈkəmpəˌni muvd ɔf əˈgɛn. ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər 11 lɛd ˈsɛkʃən krɔst ə dərt roʊd ˈrənɪŋ tɪ ˌnɔrˈθist. streɪt, ənd ˈsəŋkən wɪθ ə ˈklɪrɪŋ ɔn ˈiðər saɪd, ɪt wɑz 20 tɪ 30 ˈmitərz 22 tɪ 33 yd*) waɪd ənd rikˈwaɪərd ðɛm tɪ kəmˈplit ən drɪl tɪ ˈtrævərs ɪt. æt ʤɪst ɛz ðə ˈfɔrwərd ˈsɛkʃənz ˈɛnərd ðə tri laɪn ɔn ðə ˈəðər saɪd, bət ˌbiˈfɔr pləˈtun ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz kʊd ˈfɑloʊ, ə grup əv sɪks tɪ eɪt əˈproʊʧt ðɛr raɪt flæŋk əˈlɔŋ ðə træk frəm ðə saʊθ. ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðɛr ˈprɛzəns, ðə skwɑd kənˈtɪnjud ˈɪntu ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə pləˈtun. wən wɑz hɪt ɪn ə brif ˈækʃən ˈæftər ðə pləˈtun ˈsɑrʤənt, ˈsɑrʤənt bɑb bjuɪk, ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðɛm, waɪl ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ˈskætərd. ðeɪ ˈræpədli muvd, ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz bɪˈlivd ɪt ʤɪst əˈnəðər ˈflitɪŋ ˈkɑnˌtækt, ɑrˈtɪləri wɑz kɔld ˈɔntu ðɛr ˈlaɪkli wɪθˈdrɔəl rut 500 ˈmitərz 550 yd*) saʊθ. ˈæftər ˈpɔzɪŋ tɪ reorganise*, 11 pləˈtun muvd ˈɪntu ɪkˈstɛndɪd laɪn, sˈwipɪŋ ðə ˈɛriə ənd rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ən ənd ðə ˈbɑdi əv ə ˈsoʊlʤər. ʃɑrp ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ smɪθ ðət ðə viɛt kɔŋ hæd bɪn drɛst ɪn ˈkɑki ˈjunəˌfɔrmz ənd wər ˈkɛriɪŋ ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈwɛpənz, jɛt bəˈtæljən ˈsoʊlʤərz ˈtɪpɪkəli wɔr blæk ənd wər ɪkˈwɪpt wɪθ ˈraɪfəlz ər carbines*. æt ðə taɪm ˈoʊnli meɪn fɔrs ˈjunɪts wər soʊ ɪkˈwɪpt, bət ðə sɪgˈnɪfɪkəns wɑz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈpɛrənt ɛz ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ əp. wɪθ ðə ˈɛriə klɪr ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈkɑnˌtækt, smɪθ ˈɔrdərd di ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ kənˈtɪnju ðə ədˈvæns. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈsɛkənd luˈtɛnənt ˈdeɪvɪd ˈhɛrɪs wɑz æt ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz 1 æt dæt wɪn ðə fərst rɪˈpɔrts keɪm ɪn. ɛz ˈʤæksənz eɪd hi wɑz əˈwɛr əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns biɪŋ rɪˈsivd ənd bɪˈlivd di ˈkəmpəˌni hæd klæʃt wɪθ ə meɪn fɔrs ˈrɛʤəmənt. ˈhɛrɪs əˈlərtɪd ˈʤæksən, ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtɛləˌfoʊnɪŋ ˈmeɪʤər bɑb kəˈmændɪŋ ˈeɪˈpiˈsi wɔrn ɪm əv ðə ˈpɑsəbəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər hɪz ˈstændˈbaɪ trup. saɪt əv ðə ˈbætəl ɪn 2005 ˈmuvɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd əˈgɛn, di ˈkəmpəˌni kənˈtɪnjud ist. 11 ˈræpɪd ˈfɑloʊˌəp hæd ˈoʊpənd ə 550 yd*) gæp wɪθ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, waɪl ðə tu lɛd pləˈtunz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwaɪdli dɪˈspərst. 11 pləˈtun ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd ˈfərðər ˈɪntu ðə ˌplænˈteɪʃən, ˈwaɪdənɪŋ ðə gæp wɪθ 10 pləˈtun tɪ mɔr ðən 300 ˈmitərz 330 yd*). ˌɔlˈðoʊ 12 pləˈtun ɪn ðə rɪr ˈkəvərd moʊst əv ðə graʊnd ˈbaɪˌpæst baɪ ðə ˈfɔrwərd pləˈtunz, ðə gæp wɑz səʧ ðət ðɛr ˈflæŋkɪŋ ˈsɛkʃənz hæd lɔst saɪt əv iʧ ˈəðər, waɪl smɪθ wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ si ðɛm ˈiðər ɪn ðə dɛns ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən. æt ðət ˈdɪstəns, ðə ˈspeɪsɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz wɑz naʊ ˈgreɪtər ðən ðə ˈmæksəməm ˈifɛktɪv reɪnʤ əv ðɛr ˈwɛpənz. ˈminˌwaɪl, 11 pləˈtun hæd muvd ˈfɔrwərd əˈprɑksəmətli 250 ˈmitərz 270 yd*) frəm ðə fərst ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt. ɛz smɪθ riʧt ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈkɑnˌtækt, ðə saʊnd əv ˈfaɪərrɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ðə frənt ɛz ʃɑrp hɪz ˈsɛkʃənz ɪn pərˈsut əv ðə wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ fɔrs. stɪl ɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪd laɪn, 11 pləˈtun keɪm əˈkrɔs ə ˈrəbər hət. bɪˈlivɪŋ saʊnz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ɪt wər frəm ˈhaɪdɪŋ ðɛr, ʃɑrp lɔnʧt ə pləˈtun əˈtæk; bət ðə hæd ɔˈrɛdi flɛd, ənd ðə əˈsɔltɪŋ ˈsɛkʃənz faʊnd ˈoʊnli tu grəˈneɪdz ɛz ðeɪ swɛpt θru ðə ˈɛriə. ədˈvænsɪŋ wɪθ θri ˈsɛkʃənz ˈsɛkʃən ɔn ðə lɛft, 4 ˈsɛkʃən ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər ənd 5 ˈsɛkʃən ɔn ðə pʊʃt ɔn θru ðə ˈrəbər təˈwɔrdz ə ˈklɪrɪŋ. ðɪs fɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈlaʊd ðɛm tɪ ˈkəvər ə brɔd frənt, bət ˈɔfərd ˈlɪtəl flæŋk sɪˈkjʊrəti. æt ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər rɪˈzumɪŋ ðə ədˈvæns, 11 lɛft flæŋk wɑz ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ faɪər frəm ən ˌəndɪˈtɛktɪd fɔrs, ˈkɪlɪŋ ənd ˈwundɪŋ ˈsɛvərəl mɛn frəm 6 ˈsɛkʃən. ðeɪ wɛnt tɪ graʊnd ənd əˈdɑptəd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz, ˈoʊnli tɪ bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ ə ˈsɛkənd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈtreɪsər. ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈlæstɪd tu tɪ θri ˈmɪnəts ðɛn stɑpt, ənd ʃɑrp ðɛn ˈɔrdərd 5 ˈsɛkʃən tɪ swip əˈkrɔs ðə frənt əv ðə pləˈtun frəm ðə raɪt. jɛt ʤɪst ɛz ðeɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ muv, ðeɪ keɪm ˈəndər ˈhɛvi ənd grəˈneɪd faɪər frəm ðɛr frənt ənd boʊθ flæŋks. pɪnd daʊn baɪ ðə weɪt əv faɪər, ənd ˈəndər θrɛt əv biɪŋ ˈoʊvərˌrən, ðə ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd pləˈtun wɑz fɔrst tɪ faɪt fər ðɛr lɪvz. ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst 10 tɪ 15 ˈmɪnəts ðə viɛt kɔŋ ɪnˈgeɪʤd 11 pləˈtun wɪθ ˈhɛvi faɪər, ˈpʊtɪŋ ðɛr lɛft flæŋk aʊt əv ˈækʃən. æt ðət ˈmoʊmənt ə ˈhɛvi mɑnˈsun reɪn bɪˈgæn wɪʧ rɪˈdust ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ʤɪst 50 ˈmitərz 55 yd*) ənd tərnd ðə graʊnd tɪ məd. əˈsɛsɪŋ ðə tɪ bi ɪn ˈgreɪtər strɛŋθ ðən ˈpriviəsli θɔt ənd bɪˈlivɪŋ ðeɪ wər pərˈpɛrɪŋ tɪ əˈsɔlt hɪz pəˈzɪʃən, ʃɑrp kɔld fər ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər ɛz hi muvd tɪ brɪŋ hɪz ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈsɛkʃən bæk ˈɪntu laɪn ənd ðɛn ˈgræʤuəli drɔ hɪz pləˈtun ˈɪntu dɪˈfɛns. hi ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˌriˈpɔrtəd biɪŋ ˈəndər faɪər frəm ə fɔrs ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ bi platoon-sized*. ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz hæd ˈstɑrtɪd ðə ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ðeɪ wər nuˈmɛrɪkli suˈpɪriər ənd wʊd əˈtæk ðə, jɛt fɑr frəm ˈklæʃɪŋ wɪθ ə smɔl fɔrs wɪʧ wʊd traɪ tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ dɪˈsaɪsɪvli ɪnˈgeɪʤd, 11 pləˈtun hæd rən ˈɪntu ðə ˈfɔrwərd trups əv ə meɪn fɔrs ˈrɛʤəmənt. bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ɛz ən ɪnˈkaʊnər ˈbætəl, ˈhɛvi ˈfaɪtɪŋ ɪnˈsud ɛz ðə ədˈvænsɪŋ bəˈtæljənz əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt ənd bəˈtæljən klæʃt wɪθ di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 ənd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ɛnˈsərkəl ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ðɛm. 11 pləˈtun ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd ˈɛdət əˈmɪd ðə nɔɪz əv ənd ˈraɪfəl faɪər ənd ðə ˈbjugəl kɔlz, ˈstænli kˈwɪkli brɔt ðə ˈbætəri, rɔɪəl nu ˈzilənd ɑrˈtɪləri ˈɪntu ˈækʃən tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɪnfəntri. jɛt ɛz hi wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ si ðɛm, fər ˈseɪfti ˈrizənz ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl raʊnz wər dɪˈrɛktɪd ə ˈdɪstəns frəm 11 noʊn loʊˈkeɪʃən, ˌbiˈfɔr "ˈwɔkɪŋ" ðə faɪər ɪn tɪ bɪtˈwin 200 tɪ 300 ˈmitərz 220 tɪ 330 yd*) əv ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən, ˈeɪdɪd baɪ di ˈkəmpəniz loʊˈkeɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə ənd ðə æt dæt, wɪʧ əˈlaʊd ðə raʊnz tɪ pæs ˈoʊvər ðɛr hɛdz ənd fɔl əˈweɪ frəm ðɛm. ˈlændɪŋ bɪɔnd 11 pləˈtun, ðə raʊnz ɪkˈsploʊdɪd əˈmɪd ðə ɛz ðeɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ fɔrm əp fər ən əˈsɔlt. bət wɪθ 11 pləˈtun ɪnˈgeɪʤd frəm ɪts lɛft, frənt ənd raɪt, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm klɪr ðə fɔrs wɑz ˈstrɔŋgər ðən ə pləˈtun, ənd wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli æt list. səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ˈhɛvi, ðeɪ lɔnʧt ə ˈsɪriz əv əˈsɔlts əˈgɛnst 11 pləˈtun, ˈoʊnli tɪ bi hɛld ɔf baɪ smɔl ɑrmz ənd ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər. ɛz ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud, ˈstænli ˈriəˌlaɪzd ə ˈsɪŋgəl ɑrˈtɪləri ˈbætəri wʊd bi ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt, ənd æt rɪkˈwɛstɪd ə ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl faɪər ˈmɪʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ɔl 24 gənz əv ðə fild ˈrɛʤəmənt. ðə kənˈtɪnjud ðɛr əˈsɔlt rəˈgɑrdləs, ˈsərʤɪŋ əraʊnd ðə flæŋks əv 11 pləˈtun. ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈspɑndɪd wɪθ kənˈtroʊld smɔl ɑrmz faɪər, ˈpɪkɪŋ ɔf ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsoʊlʤərz ɛz ðə reɪn ənd ɑrˈtɪləri kənˈtɪnjud tɪ fɔl. ˈæftər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ðə rikˈwaɪərd kərˈɛkʃənz, ˈstænli rɪkˈwɛstɪd əˈnəðər ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl faɪər ˈmɪʃən æt jɛt stɪl əˈneɪbəl tɪ si ðə raʊnz lænd hi hæd tɪ wərk ɪnˈtaɪərli frəm ˈreɪdiˌoʊ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ 11 pləˈtun, əˈʤəstɪŋ ðə faɪər ˈoʊvər ən ˈɛriə əv 200 ˈmitərz 220 yd*) ˈjuzɪŋ ʤɪst ə mæp. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈgənərz ˈkɛri aʊt ə faɪər ˈmɪʃən lɛs ðən 20 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər ðə fərst ˈkɑnˌtækt mɔr ðən ə θərd əv 11 pləˈtun hæd bɪn kɪld ər ˈwundɪd. ˈsɛvərəl 60 laɪt ˈmɔrtər raʊnz wər ˈsəbsəkwəntli faɪərd təˈwɔrdz ðə di ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈzɪʃən ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ ˈlændɪd tɪ ðə ist ðeɪ ˈfərðər ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm 11 pləˈtun, ˈpʊtɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈbɑdi bɪˈhaɪnd ə slaɪt raɪz. æt smɪθ ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ ˈtaʊnzənd ðət di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə fɔrs əv ənd ðət ðeɪ wər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɔrtərz, ˈərʤəntli ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ɑrˈtɪləri səˈpɔrt. ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftərwərdz ʃɑrp wɑz ʃɑt ənd kɪld ˈæftər hi reɪzd hɪmˈsɛlf tɪ əbˈzərv ðə fɔl əv ʃɑt. wɪθ ðə pləˈtun kəˈmændər dɛd, bjuɪk tʊk ʧɑrʤ əv 11 pləˈtun, dɪˈrɛktɪŋ ðə ɑrˈtɪləri θru ˈstænli. əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈɛkstrəˌkeɪt ˌɪtˈsɛlf, 11 pləˈtun wɑz ˈɔlˌmoʊst sərˈaʊndɪd ɛz ðə kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əˈsɔlt ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən. ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈhɛvi ˈkæʒəwəltiz ənd ˈrənɪŋ ʃɔrt əv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən, bjuɪk ˈreɪdiˌoʊd fər əˈsɪstəns. sun ˈæftər ðə ˈɛriəl əv ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ wɑz ʃɑt əˈweɪ ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz lɔst. ˈminˌwaɪl, smɪθ rɪkˈwɛstɪd ˈɛriəl faɪər səˈpɔrt frəm ɑrmd ˌʃɪˈnʊks ər ən tɪ dil wɪθ ðə ˈmɔrtərz. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, ˈstænli faɪər frəm ðə əˈmɛrɪkən 155 ˈhaʊətsərz æt dæt, wɪʧ əˈpɪrd tɪ ˈsaɪləns ðɛm. ðiz ˈmɔrtərz wər nɑt ðə 82 ˈvɛriənts ðət hæd bɑmˈbɑrdɪd dæt ɔn ˈɔgəst; ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ noʊ ˈfərðər ˈmɔrtər faɪər wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd æt ðə taɪm, ðeɪ meɪ hæv faɪərd æt bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə ˈbætəl. ˈminˌwaɪl, 10 pləˈtun wɑz əˈprɑksəmətli 200 ˈmitərz 220 yd*) tɪ ðə nɔrθ ənd smɪθ ˈɔrdərd ɪt tɪ muv əp ɔn ðə lɛft əv 11 pləˈtun tɪ traɪ tɪ rɪˈliv ˈprɛʃər ɔn ðɛm ənd əˈlaʊ ə wɪθˈdrɔəl bæk tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən. ˈdrɑpɪŋ ðɛr pæks, ˈkɛndəlz pləˈtun wild tɪ ðə ɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪd laɪn, ədˈvænsɪŋ təˈwɔrdz 11 pləˈtun. ɛz ðeɪ keɪm ˈoʊvər ə smɔl raɪz, θru ðə reɪn ðeɪ əbˈzərvd ə pləˈtun əv 30 tɪ 40 mɛn ədˈvænsɪŋ saʊθ, ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ɔn 11 pləˈtun ɛz ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈaʊtˌflæŋk ðɛm. ədˈvænsɪŋ tɪ kloʊz reɪnʤ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈdrɑpɪŋ tɪ ðɛr niz tɪ əˈdɑpt ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz, 10 pləˈtun ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðɛm frəm ðə rɪr, ˈhɪtɪŋ ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər ənd ˈbreɪkɪŋ əp ðə əˈtæk. ɛz ðə sərˈvaɪvɪŋ wɪθˈdru, ˈkɛndəl pʊʃt ɔn. jɛt ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər 10 pləˈtun wɑz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɔn θri saɪdz frəm ə ˈhɛvi ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ˈtreɪsər frəm ðə haɪ graʊnd əv ðə dæt 2 ˈfiʧər 400 ˈmitərz 440 yd*) tɪ ðɛr lɛft, ˈwundɪŋ ðə ənd ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ˈpʊtɪŋ ɪt aʊt əv ˈækʃən. naʊ ˈɔlsoʊ wɪˈθaʊt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ənd stɪl 100 tɪ 150 ˈmitərz 110 tɪ 160 yd*) frəm 11 pləˈtun, 10 pləˈtun muvd ˈɪntu ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən, ˈfaɪtɪŋ tɪ hoʊld ɔn. ˈfaɪnəli, ə ˈrənər əraɪvd frəm ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz wɪθ ə rɪˈpleɪsmənt ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ˈhævɪŋ muvd 200 tɪ 300 ˈmitərz 220 tɪ 330 yd*) θru ˈhɛvi faɪər ɛz hi traɪd tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə pləˈtun, ˈkɪlɪŋ tu wɪθ hɪz oʊən gən ɔn ðə weɪ. wɪθ ðə ˈwundɪd ˈstɑrtɪŋ tɪ əraɪv bæk æt smɪθs pəˈzɪʃən ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ 10 pləˈtun rɪˈstɔrd, hi ˈɔrdərd ˈkɛndəl tɪ pʊl bæk ˈəndər ˈkəvər əv ðə ɑrˈtɪləri. 10 pləˈtun wɑz ˈəltəmətli fɔrst bæk tɪ ɪts stɑrt pɔɪnt. riˈækʃən æt dæt ˈɛdət ɪt əˈpɪrd ðə wʊd ˈʃɔrtli ˈoʊvərˌrən di ˈkəmpəˌni ɪf ðeɪ wər nɑt sun ˌriɪnˈfɔrst. jɛt, wɪθ 1 ˈlækɪŋ səˈfɪʃənt ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ə ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd rɪˈzərv æt dæt, noʊ ˈsutəbəl kwɪk riˈækʃən fɔrs wɑz priˈpɛrd tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ æt ʃɔrt ˈnoʊtɪs. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ɪt wʊd teɪk ˈsɛvərəl aʊərz tɪ ə rɪˈlif fɔrs. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɛˈsɛnʃəli ə ˈbætəl fɔt baɪ ə ˈraɪfəl ˈkəmpəˌni səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ɑrˈtɪləri ənd baɪ ˈtaʊnzənd frəm ðə 6 kəˈmænd poʊst æt dæt, ˈʤæksən wɑz kənˈsərnd. nɑt ˈoʊnli wɑz di ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ˈtrəbəl, bət ðə ɪnˈtaɪər fɔrs maɪt bi ˈəndər θrɛt, waɪl ðə əˈdɪʃənəl ˈrisɔrsɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə tæsk fɔrs maɪt bi rikˈwaɪərd. ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt, hi rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ˈkɑnstənt ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ ˈtaʊnzənd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈəltəmət kənˈtroʊl rɪˈmeɪnd wɪθ ðə ˈlætər. ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈʤæmɪŋ ɔn ðə bəˈtæljən kəˈmænd nɛt fɔrst ðɛm tɪ swɪʧ ˈfrikwənsiz tɪ kəmˈjunəˌkeɪt wɪθ di ˈkəmpəˌni, waɪl wɪθ səʧ ə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ˈrɛrli faʊnd bɪˈloʊ divisional-level*, ðeɪ wər ˈlaɪkli mɔr ˌaʊtˈnəmbərd ðən fərst θɔt. æt ˈtaʊnzənd ˈɔrdərd ə ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ priˈpɛr tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðɛm, dɪˈspaɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈoʊnli ˈhævɪŋ rɪˈtərnd frəm ə pəˈtroʊl ən aʊər praɪər. ˌɪnˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ lɛd ðə ˈkəmpəˌni aʊt hɪmˈsɛlf ənd teɪk kəˈmænd əv ðə ˈbætəl, 3 trup, ˈeɪˈpiˈsi skˈwɑdrən ˈəndər luˈtɛnənt ˈeɪdriən ˈrɑbərts wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ wɔrnd tɪ bi ˈrɛdi tɪ lɪft ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs. ˈjuˈɛs graʊnd əˈtæk ˈɛrˌkræft æt bin ɛr beɪs wər ˈɔlsoʊ pleɪst ɔn əˈlərt baɪ ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz 1. ˈminˌwaɪl, ɔn ˈhirɪŋ ðə saʊnz əv ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ waɪl rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ dæt, bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɔltɪd ˈmitərz yd*) ʃɔrt əv ðə beɪs ənd wɑz ˈɔrdərd tɪ riˈʤɔɪn di ˈkəmpəˌni. əˈpɛrəntli ˈəndər kloʊz ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃən baɪ ðə, ðeɪ wər ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ tu 60 ˈmɔrtərz ɛz ðeɪ tərnd əraʊnd, bət tʊk noʊ ˈkæʒəwəltiz. rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ðə tæsk fɔrs kəˈmændərz pərˈmɪʃən tɪ sɛnd aʊt ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs ənd tɪ əˈkəmpəni ɪt, ˈtaʊnzənd ˈtɛləˌfoʊnd ˈʤæksən. kənˈsərnd fər ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðə ɪnˈtaɪər fɔrs, ˈʤæksən wɑz ˌɪˈnɪʃəli rɪˈləktənt tɪ ɪts dɪˈspæʧ ʃʊd ɪt ˈwikən ðə pəˈzɪʃən æt dæt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi wɑz ənˈʃʊr əv ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈfeɪsɪŋ di ˈkəmpəˌni, frəm smɪθs rɪˈpɔrts ɪt əˈpɪrd tɪ bi æt list ə ˈrɛgjələr bəˈtæljən. ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns səˈʤɛstɪd ɪt wɑz ˈlaɪkli frəm ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ɪts rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ tu bəˈtæljənz wər ənˈnoʊn, ɛz wɑz ðət əv bəˈtæljən. ðə ˈwɛrəˌbaʊts əv ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɑz ˈikwəli ənˈklɪr. waɪl ˈreɪdiˌoʊ dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈfaɪndɪŋ səˈʤɛstɪd ɪt meɪ hæv bɪn nɪr ˈnɔrðərn ˈbɔrdər, θri wiks ˈərliər ɪt hæd bɪn ˌriˈpɔrtəd kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈwɛstərn saɪd əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən taor*, ənd wən əv ɪts bəˈtæljənz hæd (ˌɪnkərˈɛktli) bɪn bɪˈlivd ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ən əˈtæk ɔn phú*ú mỹ*ỹ ɪn ðə əv ðə ˈprɑvɪns ɔn 11 ˈɔgəst. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ˈʤæksən ˈrizənd ðət ɪf ðə ˈbætəl ənˈfoʊldɪŋ nɪr lɔŋ wɑz ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ feɪz əv ən əˈtæk ɔn dæt, ðə meɪn əˈsɔlt wɑz stɪl tɪ kəm, ənd hi wʊd nid ðə bəlk əv hɪz ˈfɔrsɪz tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðə tæsk fɔrs beɪs. hi kənˈsɪdərd ðə kəˈmɪtmənt əv ə ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd taɪ əp ðə bəlk əv 6 ənd ðə ɑrˈtɪləri. jɛt ˈtaʊnzənd bɪˈlivd səˈfɪʃənt tɪ dɪˈtər səʧ ən əˈtæk, ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ rɪˈmeɪnd ˌɪnkəmˈplit, waɪl ðə strəˈtiʤɪk rɪˈzərv hɛld baɪ ˈjuˈɛs kʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi ɛˈnæktəd ɪf rikˈwaɪərd. ˈəltəmətli ˈʤæksən geɪv səˈpɔrt tɪ ðə plæn, bət wʊd nɑt riˈlis ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs ənˈtɪl hi θɔt ɪt ˈwɔrəntɪd. ˈfaɪtɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuz ˈɛdət baɪ ɪt wɑz əˈpɛrənt tɪ smɪθ ðət hi wɑz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ə fɔrs əv æt list battalion-strength*. jɛt wɪθ hɪz tu ˈfɔrwərd pləˈtunz stɪl ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd ənd əˈneɪbəl tɪ səˈpɔrt iʧ ˈəðər, di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈbædli pəˈzɪʃənd fər ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv ˈbætəl. 10 pləˈtun hæd bɪn prɪˈvɛnɪd frəm ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ðə əˈtækɪŋ 11 pləˈtun, ənd wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ səˈpɔrt ɪts wɪθˈdrɔəl. ˈminˌwaɪl, 11 pləˈtun hæd gɔn tɪ graʊnd ɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪd laɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈkɑnˌtækt, ˈlivɪŋ ɪts flæŋks ˈvəlnərəbəl, waɪl ɪts əˈgrɛsɪv pʊʃ ˈfɔrwərd praɪər tɪ ðə ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ɑrˈtɪləri səˈpɔrt, wɪʧ hæd tɪ bi swɪʧt tɪ səˈpɔrt iʧ pləˈtun ɛz rikˈwaɪərd ˈrəðər ðən əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪt tɪ bi ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd. əˈneɪbəl tɪ si ˈiðər pləˈtun, ðə di ˈkəmpəˌni ˈfɔrwərd əbˈzərvər wɑz ənˈʃʊr əv 11 ɪgˈzækt pəˈzɪʃən, ˈfərðər dɪˈleɪɪŋ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns 10 ənd 11 pləˈtunz wər iʧ fɔrst tɪ faɪt ðɛr oʊn ˈbætəlz, ənd dɪˈspaɪt ðə weɪt əv ðə ˌɪndərˈɛkt faɪər ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli bɪˈkəmɪŋ əˈveɪləbəl tɪ səˈpɔrt ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɪnfəntri, ðə wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈplaɪ suˈpɪriər faɪər paʊər ɛz ðeɪ traɪd tɪ ˈaɪsəˌleɪt ənd əˈtæk iʧ pləˈtun ɪn tərn. tɪ rɪˈtriv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, smɪθ plænd tɪ pʊl hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɪntu ən dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ hɪz pləˈtunz tɪ səˈpɔrt iʧ ˈəðər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ə ˈbætəl, ənd tɪ kɛr fər ðə ˈwundɪd ənˈtɪl ə rɪˈlif fɔrs kʊd əraɪv tɪ əˈsɪst. ˈsimɪŋli ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn əˈtækɪŋ dæt, ðə muvd tɪ ˈoʊvərˌrən ðə bɪˈligərd fɔrs, bət ðə dɪˈspərsəl əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən pləˈtunz meɪd ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ðɛm tɪ faɪnd di ˈkəmpəniz flæŋks ənd roʊl ðɛm əp, ənd meɪ hæv lɛd ðə kəˈmændər tɪ bɪˈliv hi wɑz ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ə məʧ ˈlɑrʤər fɔrs. ˈjuˈɛs ˈfænəmz ˈoʊvər saʊθ viˌɛtˈnɑm ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, bjuɪk rɪˈpɛrd ðə 11 pləˈtun ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, ənd wɪθ ˈstænli, hu wɑz əˈgɛn ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈʤəst ðə ɑrˈtɪləri baɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ. jɛt ðə səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈkloʊzɪŋ tɪ wɪˈθɪn 50 ˈmitərz 55 yd*) əv 11 pəˈzɪʃən, ənd məʧ əv ðə ɑrˈtɪləri wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ fɔl bɪˈhaɪnd ðɛm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə faɪər wɑz ˈprɑbəˌbli ˌɪmˈpæktɪŋ ðə rɪr ˈɛriə ənd ˈkɔzɪŋ kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈkæʒəwəltiz ðɛr, ðiz əˈsɔlt trups hæd dɪˈlɪbərətli kloʊzd wɪθ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz tɪ nɪˈgeɪt ɪts ˈifɛkt. bjuɪk ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 11 pləˈtun wɑz biɪŋ əˈsɔltɪd baɪ æt list tu ˈkəmpəˌniz; daʊn tɪ ðə læst əv ðɛr ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ənd wɪθ ʤɪst 10 əv ɪts 28 mɛn stɪl ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪt, hi fɪrd ðeɪ wʊd sun bi ˈoʊvərˌrən ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd, ənd wər ənˈlaɪkli tɪ sərˈvaɪv bɪɔnd ðə nɛkst 10 tɪ 15 ˈmɪnəts. ˈkɑnfədənt ðə rɛst əv di ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd bi əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ riʧ ðɛm, bət əˈneɪbəl tɪ si haʊ ðət maɪt əˈkər, bjuɪk rɪkˈwɛstɪd ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər ˈɔntu hɪz oʊn pəˈzɪʃən dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈdeɪnʤər ðɪs ɪnˈteɪld. ˈstænli rɪfˈjuzd, bət ˈæftər kənˈfərmɪŋ 11 priˈkɛriəs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, hi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ wɔk ðə ɑrˈtɪləri ɪn ˈkloʊzər. ˈlændɪŋ 50 tɪ 100 ˈmitərz 160 tɪ 330 ft*) tɪ ðɛr frənt, ðə ɑrˈtɪləri ˈdɛtəˌneɪtəd əˈməŋ ə lɑrʤ ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv trups, dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ən ɪnˈtaɪər əˈsɔlt laɪn ɛz ðeɪ fɔrmd əp. æt θri ˈjuˈɛs ˈfænəmz əraɪvd ɔn ˈsteɪʃən fər ən ˈɛrˌstraɪk əreɪnʤd baɪ bəˈtæljən ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. æt smɪθ ˌriˈpɔrtəd di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈrənɪŋ loʊ ɔn ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ənd rikˈwaɪərd ˈɛriəl risəˈplaɪ. wɪθ ʤɪst θri ˈmægəˌzinz ˈkɛrid baɪ iʧ ˈraɪfəlmən, ðeɪ wər ˈoʊnli ˈlaɪtli ɪkˈwɪpt praɪər tɪ ðə ˈbætəl. ðɪs wɑz ə ˈstændərd loʊd ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd ɔn 1 ˈjusɪʤ reɪts wɪʧ hæd bɪn ɪˈnəf ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈpriviəs ˈækʃənz, bət ɪt pruvd ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt fər səˈsteɪnd ˈfaɪtɪŋ. du tɪ ðə θɪk ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən, ðə ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ˈbɑksɪz wʊd nid tɪ bi drɑpt θru ðə triz, ənd ˌɪnˈtɛndɪŋ ɔn ˈmuvɪŋ hɪz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz bɪˈhaɪnd ə loʊ noʊl, smɪθ ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd ə pɔɪnt 400 ˈmitərz 440 yd*) wɛst. ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən wʊd əˈfɔrd ˈgreɪtər prəˈtɛkʃən, waɪl ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz wʊd bi lɛs ˈlaɪkli tɪ əˈtrækt graʊnd faɪər. jɛt wɪθ ðɛr ˈkæʒəwəltiz naʊ əˈneɪbəl tɪ bi muvd, di ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd hæv tɪ rɪˈmeɪn wɛr ɪt wɑz. ˈtaʊnzənd pæst ðə ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən dɪˈmænd tɪ ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz 1. ɪn rɪˈspɑns, ˈʤæksən rɪkˈwɛstɪd tu ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ frəm noʊ. 9 skˈwɑdrən tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ɪt; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈsinjər ˈɔfɪsər æt dæt, grup ˈkæptən ˈpitər rɑ, wɑz nɑt priˈpɛrd tɪ rɪsk ˈɛrˌkræft ˈhəvərɪŋ æt haɪt ɪn ðə ˈhɛvi reɪn wɛr ðeɪ wʊd bi ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ graʊnd faɪər, ˈsaɪtɪŋ dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ɛr ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. riˈleɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈɑrmi ənd ˈoʊvər ðə juz əv ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz hæd bɪˈkəm ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈbɪtər ɪn ðə mənθs praɪər, ənd wər stɪl ˈtɛnjəwəs dɪˈspaɪt ˈrisənt ˌɪmˈpruvmənts. ˈʤæksən rɪkˈwɛstɪd əˈmɛrɪkən əˈsɪstəns, ənd wɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɑrmi liˈeɪˌzɑn ˈɔfɪsər rɪˈspɑndɪd mɔr favourably*, rɑ fɛlt noʊ ɔlˈtərnətɪv ðən tɪ ækˈsid tɪ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl rɪkˈwɛst, ˈɔfərɪŋ tɪ ˈifɛkt ðə risəˈplaɪ ˌɪnˈstɛd. baɪ koʊˈɪnsɪdəns, tu ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ wər əˈveɪləbəl æt dæt, ˈhævɪŋ bɪn juzd fər ðə ˈkɑnsərt, ənd wər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ səˈpɔrt di ˈkəmpəˌni. smɪθ rɪkˈwɛstɪd kloʊz ɛr səˈpɔrt, ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ðə ˈweɪtɪŋ ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ drɔp ˈneɪpɑm əˈkrɔs 11 ˈistərn ˈfrəntɪʤ. ðə ˈfænəmz sun əraɪvd, bət ðə reɪn ənd loʊ klaʊd əbˈskjʊrd ðə ˈkələrd smoʊk ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz hæd θroʊn tɪ mɑrk ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən θru ðə triz. ˈstænli wɑz fɔrst tɪ hɔlt ðə ɑrˈtɪləri waɪl ðə ˈɛrˌkræft flu ˈoʊvərˈhɛd, bət ɛz smɪθ wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz wɪθ ðə ˈfɔrwərd ɛr əbˈzərvər hi ˈwɔntɪd ðə ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ muv aʊt əv ðə ˈɛriə soʊ ɪt kʊd ˈrɛzəˌmeɪ ˈfaɪərrɪŋ. ˈtaʊnzənd dɪˈrɛktɪd ðə ˈɛrˌkræft tɪ əˈtæk ðə ˈfɔrwərd sloʊps əv dæt 2 ˌɪnˈstɛd, bɪˈlivɪŋ ðə kəˈmænd ˈɛləmənt tɪ bi ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðɛr. ðə ɑrˈtɪləri bɪˈgæn tɪ fɔl əˈgɛn ɛz ðə fɔrmd əˈsɔlt weɪvz, prɪˈvɛnɪŋ di ˈkəmpəˌni biɪŋ ˈoʊvərˌrən. ˈmeɪʤər ˈhɛri kəˈmændɪŋ ˈbætəri, əˈtæʧt tɪ 6 ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ɛz ˈtaʊnzəndz ɑrˈtɪləri ædˈvaɪzər æt dæt ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl kənˈtroʊld ðə faɪərz əv ðə θri fild ˈbætəriz, ɛz wɛl ɛz dɪˈrɛktɪŋ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈmidiəm ɑrˈtɪləri əˈgɛnst dɛpθ ˈtɑrgəts. ɔn ðə graʊnd, ˈstænli kɔld daʊn ðə faɪər hɪmˈsɛlf ər ˈriˌleɪd ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn əv ðə əˈsɔlt, frəm wɪʧ səˈlɛktɪd ˈtɑrgəts ənd ˈɔrdərd ðə faɪər, wɪʧ wɑz ðɛn əˈʤəstɪd baɪ ˈstænli ˈjuzɪŋ saʊnd ˈreɪnʤɪŋ tɪ brɪŋ ɪt ˈkloʊzər. dɪˈspaɪt ðə reɪn ənd ðə sɔft graʊnd rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə ɑrˈtɪləri, ɪts ˈifɛktɪvnəs wɑz ˈeɪdɪd baɪ ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈtɛknɪkəl kənˈdɪʃənz. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri bɪtˈwin ðə gənz ənd ðə əˈsɔltɪŋ, ðə kənˈvinjənt reɪnʤ əv tɪ ˈmitərz tɪ yd*) æt wɪʧ ðə ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt əˈkərd, gʊd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz əˈfɔrdəd baɪ ðə ˈnuli ˈɪʃud ˈreɪdiˌoʊz, ðə ɛr bərst ˈifɛkt kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ raʊnz ɪkˈsploʊdɪŋ ɪn ðə triz, ənd ðə lɑrʤ səˈplaɪ əv raʊnz æt dæt. 12 pləˈtun əˈtɛmpts tɪ lɪŋk əp wɪθ bjuɪk ˈɛdət ˈhævɪŋ bɪn riˈpəlst ɔn ðə lɛft, smɪθ traɪd ðə raɪt flæŋk. ˈpʊʃɪŋ hɪz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ˈfɔrwərd, hi ˈɔrdərd tɪ muv 12 ðɛn hɛld ɪn ɔn ðə raɪt tɪ səˈpɔrt 11 pləˈtun. jɛt ɛz nu ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈtræfɪk wɑz rɪˈsivd, smɪθ wɑz əˈgɛn fɔrst tɪ graʊnd tɪ wərk ɔn frɛʃ ˈɔrdərz, waɪl ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ən ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈnəmbər əv ˈkæʒəwəltiz rikˈwaɪərd ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ən eɪd poʊst ɪn ðə dɛd graʊnd, wɪʧ ˈifɛktɪvli taɪd ðɛm ɪn loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd prɪˈvɛnɪd ˈfərðər manoeuvre*. ˈminˌwaɪl, æt ˈrɑbərts əraɪvd æt ðə 6 ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz æt dæt wɪθ hɪz trup əv 10, ənd wɑz kˈwɪkli brift baɪ ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ˈɔfɪsər ɔn ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˌbiˈfɔr dɪˈpɑrtɪŋ tɪ pɪk əp ə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm ðɛr laɪnz. ˈæftər mɔr ðən ən aʊər əv ˈfaɪtɪŋ, di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz stɪl ˈwaɪdli dɪˈspərst; 10 pləˈtun hæd bɪn əˈneɪbəl tɪ breɪk θru tɪ 11 pləˈtun frəm ðə nɔrθ, waɪl ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnd ˈoʊnli ə slaɪt ʧæns 12 pləˈtun wʊd hæv mɔr səkˈsɛs frəm ðə. wɪθ ðə ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ə kənˈsɪdərəbəl nuˈmɛrɪkəl ædˈvæntɪʤ, smɪθ fɪrd hɪz pləˈtunz wʊd bi dɪˈfitɪd ɪn ˈditeɪl ənd ðət ɪt wɑz ˈoʊnli ə ˈmætər əv taɪm ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd bi ˈoʊvərˌrən, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋ ˈifɛkt əv ðə ɑrˈtɪləri ɔn ðə əˈsɔlt fɔrˈmeɪʃənz. 12 pləˈtun dɪˈpɑrtɪd æt ˈmuvɪŋ ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ rɪˈtriv ðə naʊ 11 pləˈtun, bət ˈhævɪŋ bɪn fɔrst tɪ liv 9 ˈsɛkʃən bɪˈhaɪnd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ənd səˈpɔrt ðə ˈwundɪd, wɪθ ʤɪst tu ˈsɛkʃənz ɪt wɑz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli under-strength*. æt smɪθ rɪkˈwɛstɪd ən əˈsɔlt tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs hɪz pəˈzɪʃən; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, du tɪ ðə bæd ˈwɛðər, pur ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti, taɪm əv deɪ ənd læk əv ə ˈsutəbəl ˈlændɪŋ zoʊn ðɪs wɑz kənˈsɪdərd ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. ˌɪnˈstɛd, ˈtaʊnzənd ˌɪnˈfɔrmd ɪm ən ˈɪnfəntri ˈkəmpəˌni ˈmaʊnɪd ɪn wʊd bi dɪˈspæʧt ɛz ə rɪˈlif fɔrs. jɛt ˈʤæksən wɑz rɪˈləktənt tɪ rɪˈdus ðə æt dæt, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə əˈtæk ə ˈpɑsəbəl feɪnt. ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛntli, ˌɔlˈðoʊ smɪθ rɪˈpitɪdli prɛst ˈtaʊnzənd, ðɛr hæd bɪn ə dɪˈleɪ əv mɔr ðən ən aʊər frəm wɪn ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs wɑz ˈɔrdərd tɪ ˈrɛdi ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənˈtɪl ˈrɑbərts wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ 3 ˈtaʊnzənd ˈfaɪnəli ˈɔrdərd ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs tɪ muv æt ˈhævɪŋ rɪˈsivd ˈʤæksənz əˈpruvəl. ə ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 ənd 3 trup hæd bɪn ɔn ˈstændˈbaɪ ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni laɪnz ənd dɪˈpɑrtɪd ˈfɪfˈtin ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər. bət wɪθ ðə rut ˈlɑrʤli ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪd baɪ ðə təreɪn, ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs biɪŋ ˈæmˌbʊʃt kənˈsərnd ˈtaʊnzənd ənd ˈʤæksən. rəˈgɑrdləs, ˈgɪvɪn ðə daɪər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ðeɪ sɔ noʊ ɔlˈtərnətɪv; ənd kənˈsɪdərd ɪt ənˈlaɪkli, ˈgɪvɪn ðə graʊnd hæd bɪn ˈkəvərd baɪ ˈfrikˌwɛnt pəˈtroʊlz, ðə prɑkˈsɪməti əv di ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən tɪ dæt, ðə ˈoʊpən ˈkəntri bɪtˈwin ðə beɪs ənd ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən, pləs ɪt wɑz nɑt jɛt dɑrk. wɪθ 5 bæk æt dæt, ˈʤæksən ˈɔrdərd ɪt tɪ teɪk ˈoʊvər ðə dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃənz ˈnɔrməli ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd baɪ 6, waɪl dɪˈplɔɪɪŋ ə pləˈtun tɪ ðə ˈeɪˈpiˈsi skˈwɑdrən laɪnz, ənd ˈpleɪsɪŋ di ˈkəmpəˌni, 5 ɔn wən aʊərz ˈnoʊtɪs tɪ muv ɪf rikˈwaɪərd. ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə bəˈtæljən priˈpɛrd tɪ rɪˈpɛl ˈɛni əˈtæk ɔn dæt ər tɪ pərˈsu ðə ɪf ðeɪ wɪθˈdru. noʊ. 9 skˈwɑdrən ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈæftər dɪˈpɑrtɪŋ di ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən, ðə tu ˈsɛkʃənz frəm 12 pləˈtun muvd saʊθ təˈwɔrdz ðə saʊnd əv ˈfaɪərrɪŋ hərd əˈprɑksəmətli 400 ˈmitərz 440 yd*) əˈweɪ. ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə ɪgˈzækt pəˈzɪʃən əv 11 pləˈtun, ˌɪnˈstɛd ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðə ˈrəbər hət (ˈpriviəsli əˈsɔltɪd baɪ ʃɑrp ɪn ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ ˈfeɪzɪz əv ðə ˈbætəl). ɛz ðeɪ ədˈvænst, ðeɪ wər fɔrst tɪ faɪt ɔf ən əˈtæk ɔn ðɛr raɪt flæŋk, ˌbiˈfɔr ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd əˈnəðər 100 ˈmitərz 110 yd*). baɪ ðɪs taɪm, ðə hæd səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈpʊʃɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd 11 pləˈtun ɪn ən ˈɛfərt tɪ ˈaʊtˌflæŋk ðɛm, ənd ə lɑrʤ fɔrs klæʃt wɪθ 12 pləˈtun ɛz ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ kəm tɪ ðɛr eɪd. ədˈvænsɪŋ frəm ðə nɔrθ, tu pləˈtunz ðɛn əˈsɔltɪd ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz, hu wər naʊ ˈhɛvəli ɪnˈgeɪʤd frəm θri dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz. ˈmitɪŋ ə ˈsɪmələr feɪt tɪ 10 pləˈtun, mɛn wər fɔrst tɪ graʊnd 150 ˈmitərz 160 yd*) ʃɔrt əv ðɛr əˈbʤɛktɪv, ənd wər ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər əv biɪŋ ɪnˈsərkəld. səˈsteɪnɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ˈkæʒəwəltiz, ðeɪ klæʃt wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl grups əv traɪɪŋ tɪ muv əraʊnd ðɛr ˈwɛstərn flæŋk tɪ gɪt bɪtˈwin 11 ənd 12 pləˈtun ənd fɔrm ə fɔrs praɪər tɪ ˈmaʊntɪŋ ə ˈfrəntəl əˈsɔlt. ɪn soʊ duɪŋ, 12 pləˈtun səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈoʊpənɪŋ ə pæθ tɪ 11 pləˈtun, jɛt ˈæftər 45 ˈmɪnəts ˈəndər faɪər wɑz əˈneɪbəl tɪ ədˈvæns ˈɛni ˈfərðər, ənd wɪθ ðə reɪn rɪˈdusɪŋ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ʤɪst 70 ˈmitərz 77 yd*) hi wɑz ənˈʃʊr əv bjuɪks loʊˈkeɪʃən. æt tu ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ ˈpaɪlətɪd baɪ flaɪt luˈtɛnənts klɪf ənd fræŋk ˈraɪli əraɪvd ˈoʊvər di ˈkəmpəniz loʊˈkeɪʃən wɪθ ðə ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən risəˈplaɪ, ənd ˈgaɪdɪd baɪ rɛd smoʊk θroʊn baɪ ðə ˈɪnfəntri, ðeɪ ˈhəvərd ɪn ðə ˈhɛvi reɪn ʤɪst əˈbəv ðə ˈrəbər triz nɪr ə smɔl ˈklɪrɪŋ. bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wər tɪ bi drɑpt frəm səm haɪt, ðə ˈwʊdən ˈaʊtər wər stɪl ˈbændɪd wɪθ ˈmɛtəl ræpt ɪn ˈblæŋkəts fər ðə ˈwundɪd. əˈbɔrd ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ðə 6 ˌrɛʤəˈmɛntəl ˈsɑrʤənt ˈmeɪʤər, ˈwɔrənt ˈɔfɪsər klæs wən ʤɔrʤ ʧɪn, ənd ðə ˈɔfɪsər kəˈmændɪŋ ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈmeɪʤər oʊən oʊˈbraɪɪn, pʊʃt ðə kreɪts aʊt tɪ ðə ˈsoʊlʤərz ˈweɪtɪŋ bɪˈloʊ, ˈmɛni əv hum wər naʊ ˈvɛri loʊ ɔn ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən. ðə ˈbɑksɪz ˈlændɪd ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər əv ðə pəˈzɪʃən ənd ðə ˈpaɪləts wər ˈleɪtər preɪzd fər ðɛr skɪl ənd ˈdɛrɪŋ. ˈraɪli wɑz ˈleɪtər əˈwɔrdɪd ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt flaɪɪŋ krɔs, waɪl wɑz ˈmɛnʃənd ɪn (mɪd). jɛt, wɪˈθaʊt tulz tɪ kət ðə stræps, ðə ˈɪnfəntri hæd tɪ smæʃ ðə kreɪts ˈoʊpən ˈjuzɪŋ məˈʧɛˌtiz ər ðə bəts əv ðɛr ˈraɪfəlz tɪ gɪt tɪ ðə ˈɪnər ˈmɛtəl ˈbɑksɪz. ˈəndər ˈhɛvi faɪər ˈwɔrənt ˈɔfɪsər klæs tu ʤæk ˈkərbi, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsɑrʤənt ˈmeɪʤər, ənd ˈsɑrʤənt nil ˈræŋkɪn, ðə 12 pləˈtun ˈsɑrʤənt, bɪˈgæn tɪ dɪˈstrɪbjut ðə ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, waɪl ðə raʊnz wər ɪn bɛlts, ðə ˈraɪfəl raʊnz wər stɪl ɪn ˌbændəˈlɪrz, ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈkərbiz ʤɑb ənd ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə ˈsoʊlʤərz tɪ riˈloʊd ðɛr oʊn ˈmægəˌzinz ɛz ðeɪ ˈstrəgəld tɪ kip ðə ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən klin ɪn ðə məd ənd reɪn. ðə risəˈplaɪ riˈtrivd ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən fər di ˈkəmpəˌni. praɪər tɪ ɪts ərˈaɪvəl ðeɪ hæd bɪn daʊn tɪ ðɛr læst 100 raʊnz, bət wɪθ ɪt kəmˈplit ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈzumd ˈfaɪərrɪŋ, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðə bæk fər ə θərd taɪm. di ˈkəmpəˌni ˈɛdət dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ ˈhɛvi faɪər frəm θri saɪdz, 11 pləˈtun hæd meɪnˈteɪnd ɪts pəˈzɪʃən fər ˈoʊvər tu aʊərz, ˈnɛroʊli ˈhoʊldɪŋ ɔf ðə wɪθ smɔl ɑrmz faɪər ənd ˈmæsɪv ɑrˈtɪləri səˈpɔrt. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɛni əv ðə pləˈtun hæd bɪn kɪld ər ˈwundɪd, waɪl moʊst əv ðə sərˈvaɪvərz wər naʊ aʊt əv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən. tɪ ðɛr rɪr θru ˈjɛloʊ smoʊk ɪn ðə hoʊp ɪt wʊd bi sin θru ðə triz baɪ ðə bɪˈligərd pləˈtun. ˈfaɪnəli, wɪθ ðə kloʊz ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈhɛvi ˈkæʒəwəltiz əˈməŋ ðə əˈsɔltɪŋ, bjuɪk ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ləl ɪn ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ tɪ əˈʧiv ə klin breɪk. ˌɪnˈtɛndɪŋ tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ 100 tɪ 150 ˈmitərz 110 tɪ 160 yd*) wɛst tɪ riˈgrup, ɔn hɪz ˈsɪgnəl ðə pləˈtun roʊz tɪ ðɛr fit. wən əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz wɑz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ʃɑt ənd kɪld ɛz hi dɪd soʊ, waɪl tu mɔr wər ˈwundɪd ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ riʧt ə pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˈseɪfti. frəm ðɪs loʊˈkeɪʃən bjuɪk kʊd si ˈjɛloʊ smoʊk 75 tɪ 100 ˈmitərz 82 tɪ 109 yd*) əˈweɪ, ənd bɪˈlivɪŋ ɪt tɪ bi smɪθs ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, 11 pləˈtun muvd təˈwɔrdz ɪt ˈkɔlɪŋ aʊt tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ɛz ðeɪ əˈproʊʧt. ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ 12 pləˈtun ˌɪnˈstɛd, bət stɪl ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz ˈhɛvəli ɪnˈgeɪʤd, ðə tu pləˈtunz ðɛn muvd bæk tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈzɪʃən ˈkəvərd baɪ ðə ɑrˈtɪləri ənd tɔˈrɛnʃəl reɪn. baɪ di ˈkəmpəˌni hæd rɪˈfɔrmd, waɪl ðə əˈpɪrd tɪ hæv ˌmoʊmənˈtɛrəli ˈbroʊkən ˈkɑnˌtækt. ˈhævɪŋ ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd hɪz ˈkəmpəˌni, smɪθ bɪˈgæn tɪ ɪt ˈɪntu ə pəˈzɪʃən əv dɪˈfɛns. smɪθ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ pleɪs hɪz dɪˈplitɪd pləˈtunz ˈɪntu ə pəˈzɪʃən, jɛt di ˈkəmpəniz loʊˈkeɪʃən hæd bɪn ˈdɪkˌteɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈækʃənz əv ðə ənd ðə nid tɪ kɛr fər ðə ˈwundɪd, ənd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt ðeɪ hæd ˈlɪtəl ʧɔɪs əv wɛr tɪ meɪk ðɛr stænd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz ˈɑkjəˌpaɪɪŋ ə ˈʃæloʊ foʊld ɪn ðə graʊnd ɔn ə rɪˈvərs sloʊp ðə təreɪn pruvd dɪˈsaɪsɪv. əˈgɛnst ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən ðə faʊnd ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ juz ðɛr ˈhɛvi ˈwɛpənz ˈifɛktɪvli ənd kʊd ˈoʊnli ɪnˈgeɪʤ æt kloʊz reɪnʤ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˈʤəŋgəl ˈkəvərd dæt 2 ˈfiʧər leɪ ˈmitərz yd*) tɪ ðə ˌnɔrˈθist, waɪl ən ˌɪmˈpɛnətrəbəl wɔl əv θɪk bæmˈbu ənd skrəb əˈbətəd ðə loʊər sloʊps tɪ ɪts wɛst, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈnɔrðərn ɛʤ əv ðə ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən 200 ˈmitərz 220 yd*) frəm di ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən, ˈrənɪŋ ˌnɔrˈθist tɪ wɛst. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə pəˈzɪʃən feɪst ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈoʊpən ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən. bɪˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈnɔrðərn əˈproʊʧ ənˈsutəbəl fər ə ˈmeɪʤər əˈsɔlt, smɪθ əˈsɛst ðə moʊst ˈlaɪkli kɔrs əv ˈækʃən tɪ bi ə ˈfrəntəl əˈsɔlt frəm ðə ist, ər ə ˈflæŋkɪŋ əˈtæk frəm ˈiðər ðə saʊθ ər. ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns, hi pleɪst 10 ənd 12 pləˈtunz ɪn pəˈzɪʃənz ɔn ðə ˈsəðərn ənd ˈistərn flæŋks, waɪl ðə ˈbædli mɔld 11 pləˈtun wɑz ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd ə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə. ˈkəmpəˌni ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ləl, smɪθ wɔkt əraʊnd ðə pəˈzɪʃən tɪ geɪn ən ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ənd ʧɛk ðə ˈwundɪd. wɪθ wən pləˈtun ˈɔlˌmoʊst dɪˈstrɔɪd, ənd ðə ˈəðər tu æt əˈprɑksəmətli 75 pərˈsɛnt strɛŋθ, di ˈkəmpəˌni hæd bɪn ˈbætərd bət məræl rɪˈmeɪnd haɪ. waɪl smɪθ taɪd ɪn ðə pləˈtunz, ˈkərbi kəmˈplitɪd ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ənd ˈstænli ˈplɑtɪd nu dɪˈfɛnsɪv faɪər tæsks fər ðə ɑrˈtɪləri. ðə ˈrɛspɪt pruvd ˈoʊnli brif ɛz ðə sun ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðə ɔˈstreɪljən pəˈzɪʃən. æt ðeɪ di ˈkəmpəˌni wɪθ ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd faɪər frəm ðə ist ənd ɛz ðeɪ fər ə ˈfərðər əˈtæk. ˈmuvmənt wɑz sun dɪˈtɛktɪd θru ðə triz; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, æt ə ˈdɪstəns əv 150 tɪ 200 ˈmitərz 160 tɪ 220 yd*) ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz θɔt ðeɪ meɪ hæv bɪn bi ˈkəmpəˌni, ənd ˈoʊnli ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðə viɛt kɔŋ ɛz ðeɪ muvd aʊt əv reɪnʤ tɪ ðə nɔrθ. baɪ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əp ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl əv 12 pləˈtun ənd kənˈdəktɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv proʊbz, ðə əˈtækərz səkˈsidɪd ɪn kənˈfərmɪŋ di ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən. ə fɔrs ˈsəbsəkwəntli fɔrmd əp tɪ ðɛr saʊθ ɔn ə brɔd ˈfrəntɪʤ wɪʧ θˈrɛtənd tɪ ɪnˈgəlf ðɛm. ðə əˈsɔlt kəˈmɛnst æt wɪθ ˈsɛvərəl ˈbjugəl blæsts ˈmɑrkɪŋ ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈjumən weɪv əˈtæks əˈgɛnst di ˈkəmpəˌni. wɛl speɪst, ðə əˈsɔlt fɔrs æt ə fæst wɔk səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn rɪˈzərv wɪʧ muvd 90 ˈmitərz 98 yd*) tɪ ðɛr rɪr. jɛt ɛz ðeɪ dɪd soʊ ən ˈækjərət bərɑʒ frəm ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ɑrˈtɪləri fɛl əˈməŋ ðɛm, ˈifɛktɪvli dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðə rɪr ˈɛʃəˌlɑn. ðə əˈsɔlt fɔrs kənˈtɪnjud ɔn rəˈgɑrdləs, ˈoʊnli tɪ bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd wɪθ smɔl ɑrmz ʤɪst 50 ˈmitərz 55 yd*) frəm ðə ˈfɔrwərd ɔˈstreɪljən pəˈzɪʃənz. ˈlækɪŋ ˈɛni rɪˈzərv, ðə əˈsɔlt wɑz ˈræpədli ˈhɔltɪd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈmɛni əv ðə əˈtækərz ðɛn əˈtɛmptəd tɪ krɔl əraʊnd ðə di ˈkəmpəˌni pərˈɪmətər, frəm wɛr ðeɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðə dɪˈfɛndərz ˌɪndɪˈvɪʤəli, waɪl sˈnaɪpərz faɪərd frəm ðə triz. ə ˈsɛkənd əˈsɔlt sun bɪˈgæn ədˈvænsɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə seɪm graʊnd, ˈoʊnli tɪ əˈgɛn bi hɪt baɪ ɑrˈtɪləri, wɪθ ðoʊz ənˈskeɪðd goʊɪŋ tɪ graʊnd əˈməŋ ðə ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ dɛd ənd ˈwundɪd. ɛz ðeɪ muvd ˈfɔrwərd, ðeɪ wər ʤɔɪnd baɪ səm əv ðə sərˈvaɪvərz əv ðə fərst əˈsɔlt ənd təˈgɛðər əˈtɛmptəd tɪ roʊl ˈoʊvər ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz. ðə ðɛn traɪd tɪ saɪt əˈnəðər ˈhɛvi ʤɪst 50 ˈmitərz 55 yd*) frəm ðə di ˈkəmpəˌni pərˈɪmətər, bət ˈkərbi ˈpərsənəli muvd aʊt ənd kɪld ðə kru. dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr ˈkæʒəwəltiz, ˈhɛvi əˈtæks kənˈtɪnjud əˈmɪd ðə reɪn, səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ. ðə meɪn əˈtæks keɪm frəm ðə ist, ənd saʊθ, ˈfɑlɪŋ ɔn 10 ənd 12 pləˈtunz, waɪl sˈmɔlər əˈtæks wər ˈkɛrid aʊt əraʊnd ðə rɛst əv ðə pərˈɪmətər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, du tɪ ðə sloʊp əv ðə graʊnd, məʧ əv ðə faɪər pæst ˈoʊvər ðə hɛdz əv ðə dɪˈfɛndərz. ðə sloʊp ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz skrind ðə ədˈvænsɪŋ, prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ˈiðər saɪd frəm ˈifɛktɪvli ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈəðər ənˈtɪl ðə kloʊzd wɪˈθɪn 50 ˈmitərz. fju sərˈvaɪvd ðə ˈhɛvi ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər tɪ gɪt ðət kloʊz. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə hæd sɛt əp ə laɪt ənd ə ˈhɛvi ɔn ðə ˈfɔrwərd sloʊps əv dæt 2 ənd ðiz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz θruaʊt ðə ˈbætəl. jɛt, waɪl ðeɪ wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ əˈʧiv ˈplənʤɪŋ faɪər frəm ðɪs ˈvæntɪʤ pɔɪnt, ðeɪ wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ əbˈzərv di ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən θru ðə ˈrəbər ənd soʊ wər rɪˈdust tɪ sˈwipɪŋ ə brɔd ˈɛriə. ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkæʒəwəltiz ˌɪnˈkludɪd fɔr kɪld ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈwundɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈpɪriəd, ðə məˈʤɔrəti frəm hɛd ənd ʧɛst wundz. ə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd 3 trup faɪt θru ˈɛdət baɪ ˈnɪrli tu ənd ə hæf aʊərz ˈæftər ðə ˈbætəl bɪˈgæn, di ˈkəmpəˌni hæd səkˈsidɪd ɪn ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu ən dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən. wɪθ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz ˈkɔnsənˌtreɪtɪd, ðeɪ θru bæk ə ˈhɛvi əˈtæk frəm ðə, ənd ðɛn ˈfərðər θrəsts frəm ðə ist, ˌnɔrˈθist ənd saʊθ ɪn kloʊz səkˈsɛʃən. jɛt wɪθ di ˈkəmpəˌni əˈneɪbəl tɪ manoeuvre*, ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv leɪ wɪθ ðə, ənd ðə mæst ɑrˈtɪləri əv 1 wɑz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ kip ðɛm æt beɪ, wɪθ ðə meɪn roʊl əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli bɪˈkəmɪŋ wən əv prəˈtɛktɪŋ ðɛr ˈfɔrwərd əbˈzərvər. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈstænliz ˈɛfərts rɪˈmeɪnd ˈkruʃəl tɪ ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv di ˈkəmpəˌni; ənd wɪθ ðə pləˈtunz naʊ co-located*, hɪz ʤɑb bɪˈkeɪm ˈiziər. hi wɑz ˈeɪbəl tɪ əbˈzərv ðɛr pəˈzɪʃənz fər hɪmˈsɛlf, ˈrəðər ðən riˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ðə rɪˈpɔrts əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri, ənd ˈsəbsəkwəntli brɔt ðə faɪər tɪ wɪˈθɪn 25 tɪ 30 ˈmitərz 82 tɪ 98 ft*) əv ðə ˈfɔrwərd pəˈzɪʃənz. æt list wən raʊnd ˈlændɪd wɪˈθɪn ðə di ˈkəmpəˌni pərˈɪmətər, ˈwundɪŋ wən əv ðə dɪˈfɛndərz. bət ðə kloʊz faɪər ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪd ðə ræŋks. ˌnənðəˈlɛs, di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈhɛvəli ˌaʊtˈnəmbərd, ənd ɛz ðeɪ əˈweɪtɪd əˈnəðər əˈsɔlt ðɛr dɪˈstrəkʃən simd ˈɪmənənt. ðə feɪt əv ðə ˈbætəl naʊ ˈrɛstɪd ɔn ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wər strɔŋ ɪˈnəf tɪ rɪˈpɛl ðoʊz ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪŋ ðə bərɑʒ, ənˈtɪl ə rɪˈlif fɔrs əraɪvd. ə ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəs əˈsɔlt frəm ˈməltəpəl dɪˈrɛkʃɪnz wʊd dɪˈvaɪd ðə ɑrˈtɪləri ənd maɪt əˈlaʊ ə strɔŋ θrəst tɪ ˈoʊvərˌrən ðə ɔˈstreɪljən pəˈzɪʃən. ə frɛʃ fɔrs wɑz əbˈzərvd ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ðə wɛst, ˈlaɪkli ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ɛnˈsərkəl ənd kət ɔf di ˈkəmpəˌni. ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðoʊz æt lɔŋ tæn ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ˈprɑˌgrɛs əv ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs hæd bɪn sloʊd baɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈfæktərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈflədɪŋ frəm ðə ˈhɛvi reɪn, ˈækʃən, pur ɪkˈwɪpmənt, ˈlɪmɪtɪd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz, ənd ən æmˈbɪgjuəs kəˈmænd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp bɪtˈwin ðə ˈɑrmər ənd ˈɪnfəntri. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈnɔrməli ˈhævɪŋ ə strɛŋθ əv 13, 3 trup hæd bɪn rɪˈdust tɪ ʤɪst ˈsɛvən, wɪθ ðə rɪˈmeɪndər ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ ˈmeɪntənəns, waɪl ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz əˈveɪləbəl ˈsəfərd frəm məˈkænɪkəl ˈprɑbləmz ənd ˌɑbsəˈlit ˈreɪdiˌoʊz. ɛz ə ˈkɑnsəkwəns, ðeɪ wər ɑgˈmɛntəd baɪ θri ˈviɪkəlz frəm 2 trup, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðiz lækt gən ʃildz, ˈlivɪŋ ðə kru kəˈmændər ɪkˈspoʊzd. ˈmaʊnɪd ɪn ðə ˈkɛriərz, 100 mɛn frəm ə ˈkəmpəˌni 6 dɪˈpɑrtɪd dæt ˈəndər kəˈmænd əv ˈmɑlɪsən, wɪθ ˈɔrdərz tɪ rɪˈliv ðə ˈprɛʃər ɔn di ˈkəmpəˌni baɪ əˈtækɪŋ frəm ðə saʊθ ənd ðɛn tɪ ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðɛm ənd sɪˈkjʊr ðə ˈɛriə tɪ əˈlaʊ ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən əv ðə ˈwundɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ fju gæps ɪn ðə dæt pərˈɪmətər waɪd ɪˈnəf fər ðə, ˈrɑbərts wɑz fɔrst tɪ teɪk ə sərˈkjuɪtəs rut θru ðə beɪs. ɔn ərˈaɪvəl, hi faʊnd ðə ˈɛksət hæd muvd du tɪ roʊd wərks biɪŋ ˈkɛrid aʊt baɪ ðə ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz, ənd ðɪs rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ˈfərðər dɪˈleɪ ənˈtɪl ən ɔlˈtərnətɪv wɑz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd. æt ˈæftər ˈfaɪnəli ˈklɪrɪŋ ðə waɪər, ˈrɑbərts wɑz ˈɔrdərd tɪ sɛnd tu bæk fər ˈtaʊnzənd ənd tɪ weɪt ənˈtɪl hi keɪm əp, ɛz hi ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ əˈkəmpəni ðə ˈkɛriərz ˈrəðər ðən muv baɪ ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər. tu, ˈrɑbərts ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv ðə ˈɔrdər ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə trup prəˈsidəd, ˈlivɪŋ dæt æt ɛz ðə reɪn bɪˈgæn, ˈrɑbərts muvd əˈlɔŋ ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən ˌnɔrˈθist əv lɔŋ ɪn ˈkɑləm təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈhɛvəli sˈwoʊlən ˈdiˈeɪ bæŋ. ðə əv ðə ˈpædi fildz rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ə stip drɔp tɪ ðə krik ənd ə ˈdɪfəkəlt klaɪm aʊt; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈbʊlək træk əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ə dæm (wɪʧ hi hæd ˈpriviəsli ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən hardihood*), ˈrɑbərts bɪˈgæn tɪ swɪm ðə ˈkɛriərz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈwɔtər dɪˈspaɪt ə fæst ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkɑrənt θˈrɛtənɪŋ tɪ wɑʃ ðɛm ˈdaʊnˈstrim. æt ˈrɑbərts wɑz ˈɔrdərd fər ə ˈsɛkənd taɪm tɪ hɔlt ənd weɪt fər ˈtaʊnzənd. kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ ˈmɑnətər di ˈkəmpəniz ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ˈoʊvər ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, hi əˈgɛn ʧoʊz tɪ ˌdɪsrɪˈgɑrd ðə ˈɔrdər. ˈmɑlɪsən kənˈkərd, ənd ðeɪ prəˈsidəd tɪ krɔs ðə krik. ˈæftər ˈkrɔsɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈɪnsədənt, ˈrɑbərts lɛft wən ˈkɛriər ənd ɪts ˈɪnfəntri tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðə pɔɪnt (ənd tɪ ækt ɛz ə gaɪd fər ˈtaʊnzənd), waɪl ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈsɛvən muvd təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈbætəl. ədˈvænsɪŋ əˈnəðər 1 ˌkɪˈlɔˌmətər mi), baɪ ðeɪ riʧt ðə ˈʤəŋkʃən əv rut 52 ənd ðə roʊd ˈrənɪŋ θru ðə ˌplænˈteɪʃən. ðɪs roʊd lɛd dɪˈrɛkli tɪ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ; ˈjuzɪŋ ɪt ɛz hɪz ˈsɛntər ˈæksəs, ˈrɑbərts dɪˈplɔɪd wən ˈsɛkʃən əv θri ɔn ðə raɪt kəˈmændɪd baɪ ˈsɑrʤənt rɑn ˈrɪʧərdz ənd wən ɔn ðə lɛft ˈəndər ˈsɑrʤənt ˈlɛsli oʊˈraɪli, iʧ wɪθ tu ˈviɪkəlz ˈfɔrwərd ənd wən bæk ˈivənli speɪst 40 ˈmitərz 44 yd*) əˈpɑrt, waɪl hi rɪˈmeɪnd ɪn ðə ˈsɛntər ˈmuvɪŋ əˈstraɪd ðə roʊd. æt ðeɪ bɪˈgæn tɪ ədˈvæns ɔn ə 330 yd*) ˈfrəntɪʤ, ˈoʊnli tɪ əˈgɛn bi ˈɔrdərd baɪ ˈreɪdiˌoʊ tɪ hɔlt ənd weɪt fər ˈtaʊnzənd. wɪθ ˈsənˌsɛt du æt ənd ˈdɑrknəs ɔˈrɛdi bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ fɔl du tɪ ðə ˈhɛvi reɪn klaʊdz ˈoʊvərˈhɛd, ˈrɑbərts wəns mɔr ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ prɛs ɔn. ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs muvd ˈɪntu ðə ˌplænˈteɪʃən ɪn ˈoʊpən fɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv di ˈkəmpəˌni ər ðə. wɪθ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ˈlɪmɪtɪd baɪ ðə loʊ ˌvɛʤəˈteɪʃən əv ðə jəŋ ˈrəbər triz ənd ðə ˈhɛvi reɪn, ðeɪ ˈsədənli ɪnˈkaʊnərd ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈmuvɪŋ wɛst ɪn ˈɛroʊˌhɛd drɛst ɪn grinz, klɔθ hæts ənd ˈwɛbɪŋ. ənˈsərtən əv ðɛr aɪˈdɛntəˌti, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz pɔzd. ðeɪ wər əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ ˈaʊtˌflæŋk di ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ əˈtæk ɪt frəm ðə rɪr, luˈtɛnənt ˈpitər 2 pləˈtun ˈtrævəlɪŋ ɪn ðə raɪˈthænd ðə kru kəˈmændər tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ, ənd wɑz sun ʤɔɪnd baɪ ðə rɛst əv ðə trup. ðə reɪn hæd mæskt ðɛr əˈproʊʧ ənd ðə aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ðə bəˈtæljən ˈwɛpənz kɔt baɪ səˈpraɪz ɛz ðə ˈkævəlri kræʃt ˈɪntu ðɛr flæŋk. rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ˈræpədli ðoʊ, ðeɪ rɪˈtərnd ə ˈhɛvi ˈvɑljum əv faɪər, ˈkəvərɪŋ ðɛr ˈkæʒəwəltiz ɛz ðeɪ wər drægd tɪ ðə rɪr. pləˈtun ˈsɑrʤənt fræŋk ɑlˈkɔrtə hæd bɪn ˈtrævəlɪŋ ɔn tɔp əv ðə ˈoʊvərˌkraʊdɪd ˈkɛriər ənd wɑz fɔrst tɪ ʤəmp klɪr tɪ əˈvɔɪd biɪŋ hɪt. ˈɔrdərd ðə rɪr dɔr ˈoʊpən ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə mɛn ɪn ðə əv pləˈtun ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz ənd wən tɪ prəˈtɛkt ɪm. ˈmuvɪŋ ˈɪntu ɪkˈstɛndɪd laɪn, ðeɪ ədˈvænst, ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ðə ənd ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈhɛvi ˈkæʒəwəltiz. ðə spɑnˈteɪniəs əˈsɔlt kɔt ðɛm baɪ səˈpraɪz, ˈædɪŋ tɪ ðɛr groʊɪŋ dɪˈsɔrdər. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud ɪt ˈfərðər dɪˈleɪd ðə ədˈvæns əv ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs, ənd wɪθ ˈrɑbərts kənˈsərnd ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri ˈfɔrwərd əv ðə ˈkɛriərz wʊd prɪˈvɛnt ðɛm ɪmˈplɔɪɪŋ ðɛr ˈhɛvi ˈwɛpənz, hi kɔld tɪ ˈmɑlɪsən tɪ ˈɔrdər ðɛr rɪˈtərn. ˈæftər ðə ˈɪnfəntri, 3 trup rɪˈzumd ðə ədˈvæns, ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə fɔrs ɛz ɪt strimd wɛst, ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ðɛr 50 waɪl ðə ˈɪnfəntri ɪnˈgeɪʤd wɪθ smɔl ɑrmz frəm ðə ˈoʊpən ˈhæʧɪz. bəˈtæljən wɑz ˈrutɪd ənd fɔrst tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ist, ˈhævɪŋ lɔst ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd 40 kɪld, waɪl wən ɔˈstreɪljən wɑz ˈwundɪd. 3 trup kənˈtɪnjud ˈfɔrwərd ɪn əˈsɔlt fɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˈmuvɪŋ ˈdipər ˈɪntu ðə ˌplænˈteɪʃən. ɛz ðeɪ wɛnt, ðə jəŋ ˈrəbər geɪv weɪ tɪ mɔr məˈʧʊr triz əˈprɑksəmətli 10 ˈmitərz 33 ft*) haɪ, ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti ənd əˈlaʊɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ˌɪnˈkris spid. ˈminˌwaɪl, baɪ bi ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ drɔɪŋ nɪr ɔn fʊt, ənd əbˈzərvd ðə ˈmuvɪŋ əraʊnd ðə ˈwɛstərn flæŋk, ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðə. ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər, ðeɪ wər ˌæksəˈdɛnəli ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ ðə ˈkævəlri ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd lɔst wən mæn ˈwundɪd. ˈæftər ˈmuvɪŋ ə ˈfərðər 200 ˈmitərz 220 yd*), ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs keɪm aʊt əv ðə ənd wər kənˈfrəntɪd baɪ grups əv 8 tɪ 10 ˈmuvɪŋ ist, ɪn ˈtoʊtəl əˈbaʊt 100 mɛn, bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ðə lɛd ˈɛləmənts əv ðə fɔrs ðət hæd ʤɪst bɪn strək, naʊ wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈɑpəzɪt dɪˈrɛkʃɪn ˈæftər əˈbændənɪŋ ɪts əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈaʊtˌflæŋk di ˈkəmpəˌni. ðə ˈoʊpənd faɪər, ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ðɛr flæŋk wɪθ ˈhɛvi. ə ˈnəmbər wər hɪt waɪl ˈəðərz tərnd tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðə ˈkævəlri ɛz ɪt kloʊzd wɪθ ðɛm. ə 57 ðɛn faɪərd ɔn wən əv ðə æt kloʊz reɪnʤ wɪθ ðə raʊnd ˈnɛroʊli ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd bloʊɪŋ əˈpɑrt ə tri wɪʧ fɛl əˈkrɔs ðə ˈviɪkəl. ðə kru kəˈmændər, ˈkɔrpərəl ʤɑn ˈkɑrtər, ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðə tim frəm ðə tɔp əv ðə ˈeɪˈpiˈsi ɛz ðeɪ ˌriˈloʊdɪd, bət hɪz 50 ʤæmd ɛz ðeɪ faɪərd əˈgɛn, ənd hi kɪld tu əv ðɛm wɪθ hɪz oʊən gən frəm ʤɪst 15 tɪ 20 ˈmitərz 16 tɪ 22 yd*). ðə ˈsɛkənd raʊnd ˈsəbsəkwəntli ˈdɛtəˌneɪtəd əˈgɛnst ðə ˈfɑlən tri, ˈseɪvɪŋ boʊθ ðə ˈviɪkəl ənd ɪts ˈɑkjəpənts. dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ deɪzd, ˈkɑrtər kɪld θri mɔr ˈsoʊlʤərz ɛz hi ˈskræmbəld bæk ˈɪntu ðə ˈkɛriər, wɪʧ wɑz naʊ wɪˈθaʊt kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ɪts ˈɛriəl. baɪ drɔɪŋ ˈfərðər faɪər hi əˈlaʊd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ðə trup tɪ ədˈvæns, ənd fər hɪz ˈækʃənz wɑz ˈleɪtər əˈwɔrdɪd ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈkɑndəkt ˈmɛdəl (dcm*). ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈprɛzəns əv ə ˈsɛkənd tim ˈsaɪtɪd ɪn mˈjuʧuəl səˈpɔrt fɔrst ðə ˈkævəlri tɪ hɔlt, wəns əˈgɛn. kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðə ˈdeɪnʤər əv ˈbaɪˌpæsɪŋ ən ˈwɛpən ˈoʊnli tɪ bi ɪnˈgeɪʤd frəm ðə rɪr, ˈrɑbərts ˈɔrdərd ðə trup tɪ skæn ðə ˈɛriə. ˈfrəˌstreɪtəd baɪ ðə dɪˈleɪ, ˈmɑlɪsən dɪˈmændɪd ˈrɑbərts kənˈtɪnju ðə ədˈvæns, ənd ən ˈɑrgjəmənt broʊk aʊt bɪtˈwin ðə tu. ɛz kəˈmændər əv ðə, ˈrɑbərts ˌɪgˈnɔrd ðə ˈsinjər ˈræŋkɪŋ ˈmɑlɪsən, rɪfˈjuzɪŋ tɪ kənˈtɪnju ənˈtɪl hi ˈiðər ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðə ˈwɛpən ər wɑz ˈkɑnfədənt ðə θrɛt dɪd nɑt ɪgˈzɪst. ˈæftər ə dɪˈleɪ, wɪθ noʊ ˈwɛpən ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz muvd ɔf əˈgɛn. ə ðɛn ɪnˈgeɪʤd θri əv ðə ɪn ðə lɛft hænd ˈsɛkʃən, nən əv wɪʧ hæd gən ʃildz. wən əv ðə kru kəˈmændərz wɑz ˈfeɪtəli ˈwundɪd ənd ðə ˈviɪkəl fɔrst tɪ ə hɔlt, bət nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə wɑz krəʃt tɪ dɛθ baɪ ðə ˈdraɪvər. ˈəndər ˈhɛvi faɪər, ðə trup ˈsɑrʤənt ræn bɪtˈwin ðə ˈkɛriərz tɪ teɪk kəˈmænd əv ðə ˈeɪˈpiˈsi, ˈæftər ˈrɑbərts ˈɔrdərd ɪm tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ dæt du tɪ ðə mɪˈsteɪkən bɪˈlif səm əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri ɔn bɔrd hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈwundɪd. dɪˈspaɪt əˈbʤɛkʃənz, ðə ˈviɪkəl dɪˈpɑrtɪd, ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz əv wən əv ðə ˈɪnfəntri pləˈtunz wɪθ ɪt. stɪl ənˈsərtən əv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv di ˈkəmpəˌni, ˈrɑbərts wɑz fɔrst tɪ ˈkloʊsli kənˈtroʊl ðə faɪər əv ðə trup du tɪ ðə kənˈsərn ˈɛni sərˈvaɪvərz maɪt bi hɪt baɪ frəm ðə ˈvihɪkəlz ˈhɛvi. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ðə ˈɪnfəntri kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ frəm ðə rɪr əv ðə ˈviɪkəlz. ə ˈfərðər 45 wər ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd tɪ hæv bɪn kɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs ˈækʃən. di ˈkəmpəˌni ˌriɪnˈfɔrst ˈɛdət ˌənəˈwɛr əv ðə hoʊld əp ɔn ðə lɛft flæŋk, ðə raɪt hænd ˈsɛkʃən əv kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ədˈvæns. ˈprɛsɪŋ ɔn, ðə ˈsɛkʃən krɔst ə smɔl træk ənd muvd θru ðə ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər kɔld ɪn baɪ smɪθ ɔn bəˈtæljən ɛz ɪt hæd əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈaʊtˌflæŋk di ˈkəmpəˌni. ɛz ðeɪ muvd ˈkloʊzər tɪ di ˈkəmpəˌni ðə ˈkɛriərz wər ɪnˈgeɪʤd baɪ smɔl ɑrmz ənd rpgs*, wən əv wɪʧ ɪkˈsploʊdɪd nɪr ðə træks əv wən əv ðə ədˈvænsɪŋ, ɔlˈbiɪt wɪˈθaʊt duɪŋ ˈɛni ˈdæmɪʤ. ðə θri ˈkɛriərz sun ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd di ˈkəmpəˌni ənd kənˈtɪnjud ˈfɔrwərd, ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðə bɪˈligərd dɪˈfɛndərz. ɔn siɪŋ ðə ˈkɛriərz əˈproʊʧɪŋ θru ðə triz ˈmɛni əv ðə mɛn frəm di ˈkəmpəˌni stʊd ənd ʧɪrd. jɛt ˈæftər hɪz ˈsɛkʃən wɑz ɔn ɪts oʊn, ˈrɪʧərdz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ dɪsɛmˈbɑrk 2 pləˈtun ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlupɪŋ bæk θru ðə ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər tɪ riˈʤɔɪn ðə trup. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈæftər kəmˈplitɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl strɛʧ əv ðə ədˈvæns ɔn fʊt muvd hɪz pləˈtun tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən ɔn di ˈkəmpəniz ˈistərn flæŋk ənd ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ dig-in*, əˈweɪtɪŋ ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv ə ˈkəmpəˌni. tɪ ðə wɛst ˈrɑbərts ənd ðə θri rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈkɛriərz əv 3 trup hæd rɪˈzumd ðə ədˈvæns ənd lɪŋkt əp wɪθ ˈrɪʧərdz æt ə ˈʤəŋkʃən ɪn ðə roʊd 300 ˈmitərz 330 yd*) əv di ˈkəmpəˌni. ˈtaʊnzənd əraɪvd wɪθ ˈɛləmənts əv hɪz ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz əˈbɔrd θri mɔr æt ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv ənkoʊˈɔrdəneɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈtaʊnzənd tʊk kəˈmænd, ənd wɪθ ðə laɪt ˈfeɪlɪŋ hi ˈɔrdərd ˈrɑbərts tɪ əˈsɔlt frəm ðə wɛst ˈɪntu ðə flæŋk əv ðə meɪn viɛt kɔŋ fɔrs. ˈboʊlstərd tɪ naɪn, 3 trup əˈgɛn muvd ˈfɔrwərd θru ðə ɑrˈtɪləri faɪər wɪθ ˈrɑbərts ˈsprɛdɪŋ ðə əˈdɪʃənəl əˈkrɔs ðə rɪr əv hɪz fɔrˈmeɪʃən fər dɛpθ. ə træk ɛz ə gaɪd hi rɪˈfɔrmd ðə trup ˈɪntu ə waɪd əˈsɔlt fɔrˈmeɪʃən. bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ðə ədˈvæns æt 3 trup priˈpɛrd fər ə ˈfrəntəl əˈsɔlt ɔn ðə fɔrs. kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ pæst di ˈkəmpəˌni tɪ ðɛr lɛft, ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs muvd ˈfɔrwərd ˈræpədli, ˈfaɪərrɪŋ ðɛr. ə brif bət ˈhɛvi ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt əˈkərd, wɪθ ðə rɪˈspɑndɪŋ wɪθ ˌɔtəˈmætɪk faɪər, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈtreɪsər ənd ɪkˈsploʊsɪv raʊnz, wɪʧ ɛnˈvɛləpt 3 trup frəm ðɛr frənt ənd lɛft, bət wɑz ˈmoʊstli haɪ. ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt ə ˈkruʃəl pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ, ðə rɪˈlif fɔrs tərnd ðə taɪd əv ðə ˈbætəl. ðə hæd bɪn ˈmæsɪŋ fər əˈnəðər əˈsɔlt wɪʧ wʊd ˈlaɪkli hæv dɪˈstrɔɪd di ˈkəmpəˌni, jɛt ðə əˈdɪʃənəl ˈfaɪrˌpaʊər ənd moʊˈbɪlɪti əv ðə fɔrs broʊk ðɛr wɪl tɪ faɪt, ˈfɔrsɪŋ ðɛm tɪ breɪk ˈkɑnˌtækt ənd bɪˈgɪn tɪ wɪθˈdrɔ ɛz naɪt əˈproʊʧt. æt ðə 32 mɛn frəm bi ˈkəmpəˌni ˈfaɪnəli ˈɛnərd di ˈkəmpəniz pəˈzɪʃən, ˈivɪn ɛz ðə ˈkævəlri kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əˈsɔlt ðə viɛt kɔŋ. ˈæftər ə lɔŋ əˈproʊʧ ˈəndər ˈmɔrtər faɪər ənd ðə θrɛt əv ˈæmˌbʊʃ baɪ ə suˈpɪriər fɔrs, smɪθ pleɪst fɔrd ɔn ðə ˈwɛstərn saɪd əv ðə di ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən tɪ ækt ɛz ə skrin tɪ əˈlaʊ ðɛm tɪ trit ðɛr ˈwundɪd ənd priˈpɛr tɪ rɪˈzɪst ə counter-attack*. 3 trup swɛpt ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ðə kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ əˈsɔlt ə ˈfərðər 500 ˈmitərz 550 yd*) ˌbiˈfɔr ˈtaʊnzənd ˈɔrdərd ðɛr rɪˈtərn. ˈtərnɪŋ, ˈrɑbərts muvd bæk tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni loʊˈkeɪʃən æt jɛt ˈivɪn ɛz ðeɪ dɪd soʊ ðə kənˈtɪnjud tɪ əˈtæk frəm ðə ˌnɔrˈθist, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɪs tu wɑz sun ˈbroʊkən ɔf. ˈlɪŋkɪŋ əp wɪθ di ˈkəmpəˌni, ðə muvd θru ðə ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈzɪʃən. əraʊnd ðə pərˈɪmətər ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ðə wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ, waɪl ðə muvd ˈɪntu ə laɪn frəm nɔrθ tɪ saʊθ ɔn ðə ˈistərn saɪd əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈzɪʃən. ə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd tʊk əp ˈfaɪərrɪŋ pəˈzɪʃənz bɪtˈwin ðə ˈviɪkəlz, ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ 2 pləˈtun. ðə ɑrˈtɪləri hæd bɪn ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈkɑnstənt θruaʊt ðə ˈbætəl ənd hæd prɪˈvɛnɪd di ˈkəmpəˌni frəm biɪŋ dɪˈstrɔɪd. baɪ ðə ˈfaɪərrɪŋ hæd sist ənd ɛz ˈdɑrknəs fɛl ðeɪ priˈpɛrd fər ðə tɪ maʊnt əˈnəðər əˈtæk. ˌɔlˈðoʊ sˈnaɪpərz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz ðɛr wər noʊ ˈfərðər əˈsɔlts ənd ðə ˈbætəl keɪm tɪ ə kənˈkluʒən. ðə fɔrmd ə ˈhɑloʊ skwɛr əraʊnd di ˈkəmpəˌni. wɪθ ðə æt list ˌtɛmpərˈɛrəli ˈdrɪvən ɔf, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən pəˈzɪʃən wɑz naʊ mɔr ˈstrɔŋli hɛld ənd əˈdɪʃənəl ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən hæd bɪn brɔt ɪn baɪ ðə, bət ɪt wɑz naʊ dɑrk ənd ðeɪ wʊd bi əˈneɪbəl tɪ rɪˈsiv ˈfərðər ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt, waɪl ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ðə tɪ maʊnt ə naɪt əˈtæk wɑz ənˈnoʊn. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ɪkˈspɛndɪʧər əv ɑrˈtɪləri ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən hæd bɪn haɪ ənd ən ˈərʤənt dɪˈmænd fər raʊnz wɑz səbˈmɪtəd baɪ fild ˈrɛʤəmənt, æt ɪn keɪs ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ kənˈtɪnjud. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ərˈeɪnʤmənts fər ðə ˈimərʤənsi ˈɛriəl risəˈplaɪ əv dæt baɪ naɪt stɪl biɪŋ wərkt aʊt, ənd wɪθ ə roʊd risəˈplaɪ baɪ 1 ɪn ˈdeɪnʤər əv biɪŋ ˈæmˌbʊʃt, ɪt tʊk ˈsɛvərəl aʊərz fər ðə raʊnz tɪ bi ˈloʊdɪd ənd dɪˈlɪvərd baɪ ˌʧɪˈnʊk frəm. ˈtaʊnzənd əˈsumd kəˈmænd ɛz ðə dɪˈfɛndərz riˈgrupt, waɪl ˈkərbi ðə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ðə dɛd ənd ˈwundɪd. æt ˈtaʊnzənd ˈreɪdiˌoʊd ˈʤæksən, rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ðət wən əv hɪz pləˈtunz hæd bɪn dɪˈstrɔɪd ənd ðət di ˈkəmpəˌni wɑz "non-effective*", wɪθ faɪv dɛd, 16 ˈwundɪd ənd 16 mɛn stɪl ˈmɪsɪŋ. ˈlɔsɪz wər bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv bɪn ˈhɛvi; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ noʊ kənˈfərmd ˈkæʒəwəlti ˈfɪgjərz ɪt wɑz bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ lʊk tɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz laɪk ðeɪ hæd ˈsəfərd ə ˈmeɪʤər dɪˈfit. ðə tu ˈɔfɪsərz əˈgrid ɪt wʊd bi ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðə ˈbætəlˌfild ər tɪ əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈloʊˌkeɪt ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm 11 pləˈtun ɪn ðə ˈdɑrknəs, ənd ˈæftər ɪt bɪˈkeɪm klɪr ðə wər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ counter-attack*, ˈtaʊnzənd ˈɔrdərd ə wɪθˈdrɔəl tɪ ə pəˈzɪʃən 750 ˈmitərz 820 yd*) tɪ ðə wɛst frəm wɛr ðɛr ˈkæʒəwəltiz kʊd bi ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd. ˈhændəlɪŋ ðə dɛd ənd ˈwundɪd pruvd ə sloʊ ˈprɔˌsɛs bət wɪθ ðə ˈkæʒəwəltiz ˈfaɪnəli ˈloʊdɪd ˈɔntu ðə ˈkɛriərz di ˈkəmpəˌni lɛft æt waɪl bi ənd ə ˈkəmpəˌniz dɪˈpɑrtɪd ɔn fʊt 45 ˈmɪnəts ˈleɪtər. ˈrɑbərts ɪˈstæblɪʃt ə ˈlændɪŋ zoʊn baɪ ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə skwɛr ənd ˌɪˈluməˌneɪtəd ɪt wɪθ ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər laɪts əv ðə baɪ ˈoʊpənɪŋ ðɛr tɔp ˈhæʧɪz. ðə ɑrˈtɪləri sist ɛz ðə ɪˌvækjəˈweɪʃən kəˈmɛnst wɪθ ðə fərst ˈkæʒəwəltiz ˈteɪkən aʊt baɪ ə ˈjuˈɛs ˈɑrmi ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər, waɪl ðə rɪˈmeɪndər wər ɛkˈstræktɪd baɪ sɪks ˈɪrəkˌwɔɪ frəm noʊ. 9 skˈwɑdrən. dɪˈspaɪt biɪŋ sloʊd baɪ ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər ðə ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz tɪ lænd wɪˈθaʊt laɪts, ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən wɛnt sˈmuðli ənd wɑz ˈfaɪnəli kəmˈplitɪd ˈæftər ˈmɪdˌnaɪt. ðə læst əv ðə ˈkæʒəwəltiz wər ˈteɪkən aʊt baɪ ənd wər floʊn tɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈhɑˌspɪtəl æt. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt ðə ɑrˈtɪləri kənˈtɪnjud tɪ faɪər ɔn ˈlaɪkli pɔɪnts, ˌɔlˈðoʊ 11 ˈfaɪnəl pəˈzɪʃən wɑz əˈvɔɪdɪd fər fɪr əv ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈɛni sərˈvaɪvərz. ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈjuˈɛs ˈɛrˌkræft bɑmd ˈlaɪkli wɪθˈdrɔəl rʊts tɪ ðə ist. ˈfɔrmɪŋ ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən ˈrɛdi tɪ riˈpəls ən ɪkˈspɛktɪd əˈtæk ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈoʊvərˈnaɪt, ɪnˈdʊrɪŋ ðə koʊld ənd ˈhɛvi reɪn. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wər naʊ ɪn ə ˈbɛtər pəˈzɪʃən tɪ hoʊld ɔf ˈɛni ˈsəbsəkwənt əˈtæk, ˈfərðər ˌriɪnˈfɔrsmənt frəm 1 æt naɪt wʊd bi ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd wɑz ˈðɛrˌfɔr ənˈlaɪkli. jɛt wɪθ ðə spɛnt noʊ ˈfərðər əˈtæk wɑz ˈmaʊnɪd. smɪθ ənd ˈtaʊnzənd spɛnt ðə naɪt ɪn ðə bæk əv wən əv ðə ˈkɛriərz ˈplænɪŋ ðə ˈklɪrəns əv ðə ˈbætəlˌfild ənd ˈfɑloʊˌəp əv ðə, wɪʧ wɑz ˈskɛʤʊld fər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪ ˈəndər ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən sˈmɪθfild. ˈʤæksən ˈstɪpjəˌleɪtɪd ðə fɔrs wɑz tɪ rɪˈmeɪn wɪˈθɪn ɑrˈtɪləri reɪnʤ, bət wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz hæv ˈfridəm əv ˈækʃən tɪ kəmˈplit ðə ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tu tɪ θri deɪz. ˈtaʊnzənd rɪkˈwɛstɪd ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ brɪŋ aʊt 6 ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz, si ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ə ˈsɛkʃən əv ˈmɔrtərz ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, waɪl di ˈkəmpəˌni, 5 wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ bi pleɪst ˈəndər hɪz kəˈmænd fər ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ə ˈkəmpəˌni frəm 5 stɪl ɪn ˌbiˈeɪ, ðə bəlk əv 1 rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈkɑmbæt paʊər wʊd bi dɪˈplɔɪd ɛz pɑrt əv ðə ˈklɪrəns, ˈlivɪŋ ʤɪst tu ˈɪnfəntri ˈkəmpəˌniz frəm 5 tɪ dɪˈfɛnd dæt. smɪθ wɑz dɪˈtərmənd tɪ rɪˈkəvər ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ frəm 11 pləˈtun, ənd dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈlɔsɪz, di ˈkəmpəˌni wʊd lɛd ðə əˈsɔlt. ˈklɪrɪŋ ðə ˈbætəlˌfild, ˈɔgəst 1966 ˈɛdət ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsoʊlʤərz ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən sˈmɪθfild baɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðə ˈwɛðər hæd klɪrd. æt ðə rɪˈmeɪndər əv 6 dɪˈpɑrtɪd dæt wɪθ 2 trup, ˈeɪˈpiˈsi skˈwɑdrən, waɪl di ˈkəmpəˌni, 5 dɪˈpɑrtɪd æt ðə seɪm taɪm əˈbɔrd ˈsɛvərəl ˈjuˈɛs ˈɑrmi ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz. ˈminˌwaɪl, æt ˈʤæksən əraɪvd æt 6 naɪt loʊˈkeɪʃən tɪ əbˈzərv ðə ˈklɪrəns, flaɪɪŋ ɪn ɛz ˈtaʊnzənd geɪv ˈɔrdərz fər ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən. ˈstɛpɪŋ ɔf æt ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈtərnd tɪ ðə ˈbætəlˌfild ɪn strɛŋθ, waɪl ɑrˈtɪləri ənd ˈɛrˌstraɪks kənˈtɪnjud tɪ hɪt ðə ˈɛriə. ðə bəˈtæljən grup muvd ɪn ə "tu əp" fɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪθ di ˈkəmpəˌni, 5 ənd di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 boʊθ ˈmaʊnɪd ɪn ɛz ðə ˈfɔrwərd lɛft ənd ˈfɔrwərd raɪt əˈsɔlt ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ə, bi ənd si ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn dɛpθ, iʧ dismounted*. ðə əˈsɔlt ˈkəmpəˌniz plænd tɪ swip ðə ˈɛriə ðɛn ənd kəˈmɛns ə dɪˈteɪld sərʧ, waɪl ðə ˈəðərz wʊd klɪr ðə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ˈfiʧərz ənd bɪˈgɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊˌəp. ˈmuvɪŋ ˈkɔʃəsli ɪn keɪs ðə lɔnʧt ə counter-attack*, ðeɪ ədˈvænst ɔn ən ˈæksəs ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə rut juzd baɪ di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 ðə ˈpriviəs deɪ. ðə ˈbætəlˌfild wɑz ə sin əv ˌdɛvəˈsteɪʃən, wɪθ ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈrəbər triz strɪpt əv livz ənd ˈbrænʧɪz ənd ˈblidɪŋ sæp, waɪl ðə ˈɛriə əraʊnd di ˈkəmpəniz ˈfaɪnəl pəˈzɪʃən wɑz ˈhɛvəli ˈkreɪtərd. æt di ˈkəmpəˌni, 5 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈfaɪndɪŋ ðə ˈbɑdi əv ə dɛd ˈsoʊlʤər; waɪl hæf ən aʊər ˈleɪtər di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 faʊnd 12 tɪ 15 mɔr. ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv dɛd wər ˈsəbsəkwəntli faʊnd əraʊnd ðə ˈɛriə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə 60 ˈmɔrtər kru kɪld baɪ ˌɪndərˈɛkt faɪər. æt ə ˈbʊlˌdoʊzər wɑz rɪkˈwɛstɪd tɪ ˈbɛri ðə ˈbɑdiz əv əˈprɑksəmətli 100 ˈsoʊlʤərz. ɛz ðə skeɪl əv ðə ˈlɔsɪz wər rɪˈvild, ɪt bɪˈkeɪm klɪr di ˈkəmpəˌni hæd wən ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈvɪktəri. baɪ leɪt ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ə ˈtoʊtəl əv 113 ˈbɑdiz ənd tu ˈwundɪd hæd bɪn faʊnd, waɪl ˈnumərəs dræg mɑrks ənd bləd treɪlz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ˈmɛni mɔr ˈkæʒəwəltiz hæd bɪn muvd ðə ˈpriviəs naɪt. wɪθ ðə ˈklɪrəns kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ, tu ˈwundɪd stɪl ˈbɛrɪŋ ɑrmz wər kɪld baɪ di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 ˈæftər ðeɪ muvd tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðɛm, waɪl ɪn ə ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈɪnsədənt əˈnəðər ˈwundɪd ˈsoʊlʤər wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ kɪld. ə θərd ˈwundɪd wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈkæpʧərd; ənd ɔl θri ˈwundɪd wər ˈgɪvɪn fərst eɪd ðɛn biɪŋ 4 ðiz ɪˈvɛnts ˈleɪtər kɔzd ˈkɑntrəˌvərsi wɪn ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈiən məˈkeɪ ˈpəblɪʃt kleɪmz ɪn 1968 ðət ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz hæd dɪˈlɪbərətli kɪld əˈnɑrmd ˈwundɪd, ˈsaɪtɪŋ ə "ˈwɪtnəs" tɪ ðə əˈlɛʤd ˈɪnsədənt; waɪl ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ˈsteɪtɪd ðeɪ hæd kɪld ˈwundɪd "səˈvɪljənz". ən əˈfɪʃəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən dɪˈtərmənd ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz wər ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd ənd beɪst ɔn ˈhirˌseɪ, wɪθ ðə ˈsoʊlʤər kleɪmd ɛz ðə sɔrs faʊnd nɑt tɪ hæv bɪn ˈprɛzənt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ ənd ðoʊz kɪld kənˈfərmd tɪ hæv bɪn ɑrmd. ˈsɪmələr ˌækjəˈzeɪʃənz wər meɪd ɪn 1986 baɪ ˈtɛri, ə ˈfɔrmər di ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsoʊlʤər, hu kleɪmd əp tɪ 17 ˈwundɪd hæd bɪn ˈɛksəˌkjutɪd, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðeɪ wər ˈɔlsoʊ rɪfˈjutɪd ənd hɪz ˌkrɛdəˈbɪlɪti ˈʧælənʤd. ɪn 2000 bjuɪk ədˈmɪtəd ɪn hɪz ˈmɛmˌwɑrz tɪ ˈhævɪŋ kɪld ə ˈmɔrtəli ˈwundɪd ˈsoʊlʤər ðə deɪ ˈæftər ðə ˈbætəl ɛz ən ækt əv ˈmərsi. ˈɑrgjud ðɪs meɪ hæv ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd ə briʧ əv ðə ʤəˈnivə kənˈvɛnʃən; waɪl bjuɪks dɪˈsɪʒən tɪ ˈpəblɪʃ ðə bʊk wɑz kˈwɛsʧənd baɪ ʤɑn heslewood*, ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən lɔŋ tæn əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ənd ə ˈpraɪvət ɪn 11 pləˈtun ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmɑlɪsən ˈleɪtər ˈɔlsoʊ bjuɪks ˈækʃənz. ɪn hɪz 2015 ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi, ˈhɛri smɪθ steɪts ðət tu ˈmɔrtəli ˈwundɪd ˈsoʊlʤərz wər kɪld ɔn 19 ˈɔgəst aʊt əv kəmˈpæʃən, wən baɪ bjuɪk ənd əˈnəðər baɪ ə ˈsoʊlʤər frəm ə ˈkəmpəˌni, 6. ən ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsoʊlʤər ɔn ðə lɔŋ tæn ˈbætəlˌfild ˈdʊrɪŋ 19 ˈɔgəst ˈminˌwaɪl, æt 6 ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðeɪ hæd ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ mɛn frəm 11 pləˈtun, ðɛr ˈbɑdiz faʊnd laɪɪŋ ɪn ə streɪt laɪn wɛr ðeɪ hæd bɪn kɪld, ˈlɑrʤli ˌəndɪˈstərbd ənd stɪl ˈhoʊldɪŋ ðɛr ˈwɛpənz. ðə məˈʤɔrəti wər frəm 6 ˈsɛkʃən, wɪʧ hæd bɪn ðə fərst tɪ bi hɪt. wən əv ðə mɛn wɑz faʊnd tɪ hæv sərˈvaɪvd dɪˈspaɪt hɪz wundz, ˈhævɪŋ spɛnt ðə naɪt ɔn ðə ˈbætəlˌfild ɪn kloʊz prɑkˈsɪməti tɪ ðə ɛz ðeɪ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ɪˈvækjəˌeɪt ðɛr oʊn ˈkæʒəwəltiz. ˈərliər, əˈnəðər ˈwundɪd ˈsoʊlʤər hæd bɪn faʊnd ˈnɪrˈbaɪ, ˈlinɪŋ əˈgɛnst ə tri bət stɪl əˈlaɪv. boʊθ wər ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd, ənd ˈleɪtər rɪˈkupərˌeɪtəd ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ˈθərˈtin ɔˈstreɪljən dɛd wər ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈkəvərd, əˈkaʊnɪŋ fər ɔl ðə ˈmɪsɪŋ. ɛz ðə sərʧ kənˈtɪnjud, dɛd wər faʊnd əp tɪ 500 ˈmitərz 550 yd*) əv ðə pəˈzɪʃən riʧt baɪ 11 pləˈtun. ə lɑrʤ ˈbəŋkər ˈkɑmplɛks wɑz ənˈkəvərd kənˈsɪstɪŋ əv 200 pɪts wɪθ ˈoʊvərˈhɛd prəˈtɛkʃən səˈfɪʃənt fər ə bəˈtæljən; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪts leɪaʊt səˈʤɛstɪd ɪt hæd bɪn kənˈstrəktɪd ɛz ə dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən ˈrəðər ðən fər ən ˈæmˌbʊʃ. ə ˈfərðər pəˈzɪʃən əv 100 pɪts wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd tɪ ðə ist. baɪ ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈnəmbər əv dɛd wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ɛz 168 waɪl ə lɑrʤ əˈmaʊnt əv ˈwɛpənz ənd ɪkˈwɪpmənt wər ˈɔlsoʊ ənˈkəvərd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ əˈsɔlt ˈraɪfəlz, ˈmɔrtərz, laɪt məˈʃin gənz, ˌsəbməˈʃin gənz, ən, pləs ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən ənd grəˈneɪdz. baɪ ðə ˈfɪgjər hæd ˈrɪzən tɪ 188 dɛd, wɪθ ˈʃæloʊ greɪvz dəg baɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz tɪ ˈbɛri ðɛm wɛr ðeɪ wər faʊnd. du tɪ ðə ˈlaɪkli ˈprɛzəns əv ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt fɔrs ˈnɪrˈbaɪ, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈkɔʃəs ɛz ðeɪ sərʧt fər ðə. ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst tu deɪz, ðeɪ kənˈtɪnjud tɪ klɪr ðə ˈbætəlˌfild, ənˈkəvərɪŋ mɔr dɛd ɛz ðeɪ dɪd soʊ. jɛt, wɪθ əp tɪ tu bəˈtæljənz stɪl bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ənd ðə kənˈtɪnjud ˌvəlnərəˈbɪlɪti əv dæt tɪ əˈtæk frəm ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt, ˈʤæksən lækt ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ pərˈsu ðə wɪθˈdrɔɪŋ fɔrs. ˈkəmpəˌni pəˈtroʊlz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ sərʧ əp tɪ ˈmitərz yd*) ist, ənd tɪ ðə nɔrθ əv dæt 2 ðə sərʧ ˈɛriə wɑz ˈsəbsəkwəntli ɪkˈspændɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðət kənˈtɛstəd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈhoʊˌbɑrt. ˈsɛvərəl træks wər faʊnd wɪθ ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ˈkeɪbəlz ˈrənɪŋ əˈlɔŋ ðɛm, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈfərðər dræg mɑrks, bləd steɪnz, dɪˈskɑrdɪd ɪkˈwɪpmənt, frɛʃ greɪvz ənd ˈɛvədəns əv juz baɪ ˈhɛvi kɑrt ənd fʊt ˈtræfɪk. ðə meɪn wɪθˈdrɔəl rut wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ˈæftər ˈmɪdˌdeɪ ɔn 19 ˈɔgəst, ˈmuvɪŋ ist əˈweɪ frəm ðə sin əv ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ. ˈtaʊnzənd rɪkˈwɛstɪd pərˈmɪʃən tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪt, bɪˈlivɪŋ hi hæd səˈfɪʃənt ˈfɔrsɪz, bət ˈʤæksən wʊd ˈoʊnli ˈpərˌmɪt 6 tɪ ədˈvæns ə ˈfərðər ˈmitərz yd*), rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ wɪˈθɪn ɑrˈtɪləri ˈkəvər, ənd wʊd nɑt əˈlaʊ ðə gənz tɪ muv ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðə reɪnʤ əv ðɛr prəˈtɛktɪv faɪər. baɪ 20 ˈɔgəst, ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz hæd ˈkaʊntɪd 245 dɛd, waɪl skɔrz mɔr wər faʊnd ˈleɪtər. əp tɪ fɔr wiks ˈæftər ðə ˈbætəl, ˌdikəmˈpoʊzd ˈbɑdiz wər faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, waɪl ˈnumərəs greɪvz wər ˈɔlsoʊ ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd, nən əv wɪʧ wər ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ˈlɔsɪz. ðə ˈbɑdiz faʊnd ˈleɪtər brɔt ðə ˈtoʊtəl tɪ əˈbaʊt 300 5 di ˈkəmpəˌni, 5 rɪˈtərnd tɪ dæt ˈərli ɔn 21 ˈɔgəst, waɪl di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθˈdrɔn fər tu deɪz liv ɪn tau*. ðə rɛst əv 6 kənˈtɪnjud ðə sərʧ, wɪθ ə ˈkəmpəˌni dɪˈskəvərɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈfrɛʃli bɪlt ənd ˈrisəntli əˈbændənd haɪdz əˈlɔŋ ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl rut, wɪʧ wər bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv bɪn priˈpɛrd ɛz dɪˈleɪ pəˈzɪʃənz. ən ˈoʊldər dɪˈfɛnsɪv pəˈzɪʃən əv əˈprɑksəmətli 40 pɪts wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd; waɪl si ˈkəmpəˌni ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ə ˈmeɪkˌʃɪft ˈhɑˌspɪtəl kloʊz baɪ kənˈteɪnɪŋ 14 greɪvz. boʊθ hæd ˈrisəntli bɪn ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd. ˈleɪtər, ən ɔˈstreɪljən ˌriˈpɔrtəd ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈskætərd grups əv səˈvɪljənz, wɪθ ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈnəmbərɪŋ 30 tɪ 40 ˈwɪmən wɪθ ˈbæskəts ənd bægz, waɪl ˈəðərz hæd ɑks tɪ bi ˈkɛriɪŋ ˈmɛdɪkəl səˈplaɪz. ðiz rɪˈpɔrts wər ˈfɑloʊd əp baɪ ðə ˈeɪˈpiˈsi skˈwɑdrən ənd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri eɪʤ meɪlz wər dɪˈteɪnd fər kˈwɛsʧənɪŋ. ðə ˈɪnfəntri ˈkəmpəˌniz kəmˈplitɪd ðɛr sərʧ baɪ ˈmɪdˌdeɪ, ˈmuvɪŋ tɪ ðə ɛʤ əv ðə ˈrəbər ˌplænˈteɪʃən, 500 ˈmitərz 550 yd*) ˌnɔrˈθist əv lɔŋ. sˈmɪθfild kənˈkludɪd æt wɪθ ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ dæt baɪ ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptər ənd ˈeɪˈpiˈsi baɪ ðeɪ hæd hoʊpt tɪ kæʧ ðə ˈrɛmnənts əv ðə fɔrs ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ kʊd riʧ ðɛr ˈmaʊntən ˈsæŋkʧuˌɛriz, bət ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən pruvd ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl ɪn prɪˈvɛnɪŋ ðɛr wɪθˈdrɔəl. ə ˈnəmbər əv ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɔfɪsərz ˈleɪtər kˈwɛsʧənd ðə ˈkɔʃən wɪθ wɪʧ ɪt wɑz kənˈdəktəd. jɛt ˈʤæksən hæd bɪn əˈneɪbəl tɪ maʊnt ə pərˈsut du tɪ ðə kənˈtɪnjud θrɛt poʊzd baɪ ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt, wɪʧ wɑz stɪl bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. wɪθ 1 ˈlækɪŋ ðə ˈrisɔrsɪz rikˈwaɪərd fər səʧ ən ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, ðə ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ træp ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə waɪl ðeɪ wər stɪl ˈvəlnərəbəl wɑz lɔst ənd ðeɪ meɪd gʊd ðɛr ɪˈskeɪp. ˈæftərˌmæθ ˈɛdət ˈkæʒəwəltiz ˈɛdət ˈkɔrpərəl ˈbədi li, hu wɑz ˈwundɪd ɪn ðə ˈbætəl, ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈfoʊˌtoʊ əv hɪz ˈdɔtər ənd ˈkæʒəwəltiz wər kleɪmd baɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɑrmi tɪ hæv ˈnəmbərd 245 dɛd lɛft ɔn ðə ˈbætəlˌfild ənd θri ˈkæpʧərd, waɪl ˈmɛni mɔr wər θɔt tɪ hæv bɪn riˈmuvd ɛz ðeɪ wɪθˈdru. ˈəðərz wər soʊ ˈbædli mˈjutəˌleɪtɪd ðɛr rɪˈmeɪnz wər unidentifiable*. əˈprɑksəmətli hæf wər bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv bɪn kɔzd baɪ ɑrˈtɪləri ənd ðə rɪˈmeɪndər baɪ smɔl ɑrmz. ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl ˈɛstəˌmeɪt wɑz ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ən ɔˈstreɪljən ˈɑrmi ˈspoʊksmən, ənd səm pɑrˈtɪsəpənts ɪn ðə ˈbætəl rɪˈgɑrdɪd ðiz ˈfɪgjərz ɛz ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd. ðiz ˈfɪgjərz ˌhaʊˈɛvər ər dɪˈrɛkli dɪˈspjutɪd baɪ ˈmɛni ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ˈprɛzənt æt ðə ˈbætəl, wɪθ rɪˈpɔrts baɪ ə di ˈkəmpəˌni kəˈmændər ˈsteɪtɪŋ ˈækʧəwəl ˈbɑdi kaʊnts ɛz noʊ mɔr ðən 50 ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈhɪstəri əv ðə bəˈtæljən ənd ˈrɛʤəmənt ˈrɛkərdz ˈiðər 30 ər 47 wər kɪld ɪn ˈtoʊtəl, praɪˈmɛrəli baɪ ɑrˈtɪləri əˈnəðər ˈɛstəˌmeɪt wɑz 150 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈkərnəl baʊ hu wɑz ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈdɪstrɪkt kəˈmændər, bət dɪd nɑt dɪˈrɛkli pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ˈbætəl kəˈmændər nuˈjɛn θæn hɔŋ. ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd ðə hæd ɪˈvækjəˌweɪtɪd əp tɪ ə ˈfərðər 350 ˈkæʒəwəltiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ən ənˈnoʊn ˈnəmbər əv dɛd ˈbɛrid əˈlɔŋ ðə wɪθˈdrɔəl rut. wɪθ səʧ ˈlɔsɪz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ðə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl strɛŋθ əv tu bəˈtæljənz, ɔˈstreɪljən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns ˈleɪtər əˈsɛst ðət ðə hæd bɔrn ðə brənt əv ðə bi ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈmaʊntɪŋ ə ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən fər ˈsɛvərəl mənθs. ðɪs ɪz dɪˈrɛkli ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəd baɪ ˈrɛʤəmənt kəˈmændərz, hum hæd ˈkɛrid aʊt əˈtæks əˈgɛnst dɪˈvɪʒənz pəˈzɪʃənz ə wik ˈleɪtər ˈminˌwaɪl, tɪ hæv pleɪd ə səˈpɔrtɪŋ roʊl ənd hæv ˈsəfərd lɛs əˈsɛst ɛz stɪl ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ˈfɔrsɪz əp tɪ ˈkəmpəˌni saɪz, wɪθ ə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ strɛŋθ əv 300 6 steɪts ðət ðɪs wɑz beɪst ɔn ðə ˈkæpʧər əv ðə ˈdaɪəri əv ðə ˈbætəl kəˈmændər nuˈjɛn bəŋ, hu ˈleɪtər bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈdɛpjəti dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər əv viˌɛtˈnɑm; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈərnɪst ˈʧeɪmbərlɪn ðɪs həz nɑt jɛt bɪn kərˈɑbərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ˈækʧəwəl ə ˈkæpʧərd ˈsoʊlʤər frəm ðə ˈbætəl ˈsteɪtɪd ˈkæʒəwəltiz hæd bɪn 70 kɪld ənd 100 ˈwundɪd. ˈwɛðər ðə ˈkɑmbæt ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ənd ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪˈroʊdɪd ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ɪn dɪˈspjut, ɛz ðə ˈjunɪt wər ˌridɪˈplɔɪd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ɑkˈtoʊbər əˈgɛnst ðə ˈnuli dɪˈplɔɪd ˈɑrmərd ˈkævəlri ˈtæskˌfɔrs, waɪl ðə wər ə wik ˈleɪtər. ˈtoʊtəl ˈlɔsɪz wɑz əˈlɛʤd tɪ hæv bɪn haɪər, wɪθ 1 rɪˈpɔrtədli ənˈkəvərɪŋ ˈdɑkjəmənts ˈdʊrɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ˈmɑrsdən ɪn 1969 wɪʧ ˈlɪstɪd 878 kɪld, daɪd əv wundz ər ˈmɪsɪŋ ənd ˈwundɪd. ˈwɛpənz ˈkæpʧərd ˌɪnˈkludɪd 33 ak-47s*, ˈsɛvən laɪt, faɪv əˈsɔlt ˈraɪfəlz, fɔr ˈlɔnʧərz, tu 57, tu ˈɛmˈwən carbines*, ə ˈtɑmsən submachine-gun*, ˈbraʊnɪŋ ˌɔtəˈmætɪk ˈraɪfəl, ˈɛmˈwən ˈgærənd, ənd ən ˈhɛvi. mɔr ðən raʊnz əv smɔl ɑrmz ˌæmjəˈnɪʃən wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈkəvərd, ɛz wɛl ɛz 300 hænd grəˈneɪdz, 40 ˈmɔrtər bɑmz, 28 ˈrɑkəts, ənd 22 raʊnz. kərˌɔbərˈeɪʃən əv ðiz əˈkaʊnts ɪz nɑt jɛt ˈfækʧuəli ɔˈstreɪljən ˈlɔsɪz əˈmaʊnɪd tɪ 17 kɪld, wən daɪd əv wundz, ənd 24 ˈwundɪd: əˈprɑksəmətli wən θərd əv ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl fɔrs 7 ə haɪ prəˈpɔrʃən wər ˈnæʃənəl ˈsərvəsmɛn, drɔɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə wɛr kənˈskrɪpʃən fər ˈoʊvərˈsiz ˈsərvɪs wɑz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈleɪtər ˈlɪmɪtɪd ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈkɑnskrɪpts tɪ noʊ mɔr ðən 50 pərˈsɛnt əv ə ˈjunɪt, rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ə ˈræpɪd ənd dɪsˈrəptɪv wɪˈθɪn 1. ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən ˈɛdət ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ, boʊθ saɪdz kleɪmd səkˈsɛs. ˈhɛrəldɪd ɛz ən ɔˈstreɪljən ˈvɪktəri əˈgɛnst ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ ɑdz, ðə ˈbætəl wɑz ˈwaɪdli ˈkəvərd ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn prɛs, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. 1 rɪˈsivd kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri ˈmɛsɪʤɪz frəm ðə ˈjuˈɛs, saʊθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ənd ɔˈstreɪljən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kəˈmændz ɪn viˌɛtˈnɑm, ənd frəm praɪm ˈmɪnɪstər ˈhɛrəld hoʊlt ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ deɪz, waɪl ˈʤɛnərəl ˈwɪljəm wɛstˈmɔrlənd kənˈsɪdərd ɪt wən əv ðə mɔr spɛkˈtækjələr ˈæˌlaɪd ˈvɪktəriz tɪ ðət pɔɪnt ɪn ðə wɔr, ˈkəmɪŋ ˈæftər ðə ˈərli səkˈsɛsɪz əˈgɛnst ðə əˈfɛnsɪv hæd pæst. jɛt dɪˈspaɪt ðɛr ˈlɔsɪz, ðə ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪmd tɪ hæv ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd ə ˈhɛvi dɪˈfit ɔn ðə ɔˈstreɪljənz. ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftərwərdz, ˈlifləts ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪd ðə ˈprɑvɪns ˈsteɪtɪŋ ðət 700 ɔˈstreɪljənz wər kɪld, wən bəˈtæljən ənd tu ˈkəmpəˌniz wər dɪˈstrɔɪd, ənd tu skˈwɑdrənz əv". ˈsɪmələr kleɪmz wər rɪˈpitɪd ɔn ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈhænɔɪ ɔn 27 ˈɔgəst 1966 ənd ðə deɪ ˈæftər ɔn ˈreɪdiˌoʊ ˈpiˈkɪŋ. ɪn ˈkɑntræst, ðə viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈhɪstəri əv dɔŋg ˈprɑvɪns ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1986 geɪv ðə ˈbætəl ˈlɪtəl əˈtɛnʃən, ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ hæv "ɪˈlɪməˌneɪtɪd 500 ɔˈstreɪljənz ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd 21 tæŋks" waɪl ðɛr oʊn ˈlɔsɪz wər nɑt rɪˈkɔrdɪd. bəˈtæljən ˈleɪtər rɪˈsivd ə hɪˈroʊɪk ˈjunɪt saɪˈteɪʃən, ənd ðə ˈrɛʤəmənt meɪ hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ə ˈsɪmələr əˈwɔrd. ˈmɛni ˈsoʊlʤərz wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈwɔrdɪd sərˈtɪfɪkəts əv ˌkɑmənˈdeɪʃən fər ðɛr roʊl ɪn ðə ˈfaɪtɪŋ. ɔˈstreɪljən trups wɪθ ˈwɛpənz ˈkæpʧərd æt lɔŋ tæn di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 wɑz əˈwɔrdɪd ə ˈjuˈɛs ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈjunɪt saɪˈteɪʃən baɪ ˈlɪndən ˈʤɑnsən ɔn 28 meɪ 1968 ðə rɔɪəl ɔˈstreɪljən ˈrɛʤəmənt ənd ˈkævəlri ˈrɛʤəmənt wər ˈleɪtər əˈwɔrdɪd ðə ˈbætəl ˈɑnər "lɔŋ tæn", wən əv ˈoʊnli faɪv pərˈzɛnəd tɪ ɔˈstreɪljən ˈjunɪts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wɔr. ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ ˌdɛkərˈeɪʃənz wər meɪd tɪ 17 ɔˈstreɪljənz ənd nu ˈziləndərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ smɪθ hu rɪˈsivd ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri krɔs (ˈɛmˈsi), ˈkərbi ðə dcm*, ˈstænli ðə ˈɔrdər əv ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈɛmpaɪər, bjuɪk ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈmɛdəl, ənd ˈrɑbərts, ˈkɛndəl ənd hu wər mɪd. boʊθ ˈtaʊnzənd ənd ˈʤæksən ˈleɪtər rɪˈsivd ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈsərvɪs ˈɔrdər (dso*), ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðiz wər meɪd ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs əv ðɛr ɪnˈtaɪər ˈpɪriəd ɪn kəˈmænd, nɑt ˈsoʊəli fər ˈækʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl. saʊθ viˌɛtnɑˈmis ˈgæləntri ˈmɛdəlz wər ˈɔlsoʊ əˈwɔrdɪd tɪ 22 ɔˈstreɪljənz, bət du tɪ əˈfɪʃəl ˈpɑləsi rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ˈfɔrən əˈwɔrdz ðeɪ wər nɑt pərˈmɪtɪd tɪ wɛr ðɛm ənˈtɪl 2004 ðə ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈnəmbər əv əˈwɔrdz ˈleɪtər bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv kənˈsɪdərəbəl ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. æt ðə taɪm, ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃən əv ˈmɛdəlz ˈəndər ðə ˌɪmˈpɪriəl ˈsɪstəm wɑz beɪst ɔn ə kˈwoʊtə, rɪˈzəltɪŋ ɪn ˈmɛni əv ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz biɪŋ ˈdaʊnˈgreɪdəd ər nɑt əˈwɔrdɪd, wɪθ smɪθ ˌɪˈnɪʃəli ˈnɑməˌneɪtəd fər ðə dso*, ənd ˈkɛndəl ðə ˈɛmˈsi, ənd ʃɑrp ə ˈpɑsʧʊməs mɪd. ɪn 2008 ə ˌrivˈju ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd əˈwɔrdz meɪd tɪ θri ˈɔfɪsərz bi ˈəpˌgreɪdɪd tɪ ðə ɪkˈwɪvələnt ˈmɛdəlz ɪn ðə ˈmɑdərn ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɪstəm. smɪθ wɑz ˈsəbsəkwəntli əˈwɔrdɪd ðə stɑr əv ˈgæləntri, ənd ˈkɛndəl ənd ðə ˈmɛdəl fər ˈgæləntri (mg*). ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈfərðər ˌrivˈju ɪn 2009 rɪˈsivd ðə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃt ˈsərvɪs ˈmɛdəl, waɪl di ˈkəmpəˌni, 6 wɑz pərˈzɛnəd ə ˈjunɪt saɪˈteɪʃən fər ˈgæləntri ɔn 18 ˈɔgəst 2011 əˈnəðər ˌrivˈju ɪn 2016 lɛd tɪ əˈwɔrdz tɪ tɛn mɔr ˈsoʊlʤərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈrɑbərts, ɑlˈkɔrtə ənd læns ˈkɔrpərəl ˈbɛri ˈmægnəsən hu rɪˈsivd ðə mg*, ənd ʃɑrp ənd sɪks ˈəðərz ə ˌkɑmənˈdeɪʃən fər ˈgæləntri. ɔn 18 ˈɔgəst 1969 6 ɪˈrɛktɪd ðə lɔŋ tæn krɔs ɔn ðə ˈkɑntrəˌvərsiz ˈɛdət ɪn 2015 ðə kəˈmændər əv 6 ˈhɛri smɪθ ˈpəblɪʃt lɔŋ tæn, ðə stɑrt əv ə ˈlaɪˈflɔŋ ˈbætəl ɪn wɪʧ hi əˈkjuzɪz ˈsɛvərəl ˈsinjər ˈɔfɪsərz əv ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪŋ kleɪmz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈbætəl frəm ˌbrɪgəˈdɪr ˈɑlɪvər ˈʤæksən ənd ˈkərnəl ˈtaʊnzənd, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ˈkərnəl ˈtaʊnzənd ənd ˈəðər ˈɔfɪsərz əˈbaʊt biɪŋ ˈprɛzənt æt ðə ˌfæbrɪˈkeɪʃənz wər ˌriˈpɔrtəd ənd ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈbætəl, ənd lɛd tɪ wət wɑz rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz dɪsɪnˈʤɛnjuəs ənd self-serving*. ðɪs ˌɪnˈkludz dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ˌɪnˈfleɪʃən əv ˈɛnəmi dɛd baɪ ˈɑrmi ˈspoʊksmɪn ənd ˈəðərz əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ
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the battle of long tan (18 august 1966) took place in a rubber plantation near long tân, in phước tuy province, south vietnam, during the vietnam war. the action was fought between viet cong (vc) and people's army of vietnam units and elements of the 1st australian task force (1 atf) shortly after its lodgement in phước tuy. 1 atf began arriving between april and june 1966, constructing a base at nui dat which was located astride a major communist transit and resupply route and was close to a vc base area. after two months it had moved beyond the initial requirements of establishing itself and securing its immediate approaches, beginning operations to open the province. meanwhile, in response to the threat posed by 1 atf, a force of between 1,500 and 2,500 men from the vc 275th regiment, possibly reinforced by at least one pavn battalion and the d445 provincial mobile battalion, was ordered to move against nui dat.
for several weeks australian signals intelligence (sigint) had tracked a radio transmitter from the headquarters of the 275th regiment moving westwards to a position just north of long tan; however, extensive patrolling failed to find the unit. by 16 august, the communist force was positioned east of the long tan rubber plantation, just outside the range of the artillery at nui dat. on the night of 16/17 august, vc mortars, recoilless rifles (rcls) and artillery heavily bombarded nui dat from a position 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the east, damaging the base and wounding 24 men, one of whom later died. the vc positions were then engaged by counter-battery fire and the mortaring ceased. the following morning, b company, 6th battalion, royal australian regiment (6 rar), departed nui dat to locate the firing points and the direction of the vc withdrawal. a number of weapon pits were subsequently found, as were the positions of the mortars and rcls.
d company took over the pursuit around midday on 18 august. after clashing with a vc squad in the afternoon and forcing them to withdraw, the australians were engaged by small-arms and rocket-propelled grenade fire from a flank. numbering only 108 men, d company was facing a much larger force. pinned down, they called for artillery as a monsoon rain began, reducing visibility. heavy fighting ensued as the advancing battalions of the north vietnamese 275th regiment and viet cong d445 battalion attempted to encircle and destroy the australians. after several hours, d company was nearly out of ammunition, when two uh-1b iroquois from no. 9 squadron raaf arrived overhead to resupply them. heavily outnumbered, but supported by strong artillery fire, d company held off a regimental assault before a relief force of cavalry and infantry from nui dat fought their way through as darkness fell and forced the vc to withdraw just as they appeared to be preparing for a final assault. withdrawing to establish a landing zone to evacuate their casualties, the australians formed a defensive position overnight. returning in strength the next day, the australians swept the area and located a number of pavn and vc dead.
the operation ended on 21 august. eighteen australians were killed and 24 wounded, while australian official records record that the vc are reported to have lost 245 dead. this issue led to some dissension from soldiers due to accusations body-counts were being inflated for public-relations purposes. official records from the d445 battalion and 275th regiment indicate only 47 were kia.[2] one north vietnamese regimental source states 150 were killed at the battle, and the 6 rar d company commander stating he "never saw more than 50 bodies". the true nature of the casualties sustained remains elusive, much like other battles in the war given that body counts was directly used to assess performance in macv's records.
although the australians initially believed they had suffered a defeat, atf reports on the scale of the pavn/vc's losses led them to claim they actually won a significant victory. long tan was believed by 1 atf to have proved a major local setback for the pavn/vc, indefinitely forestalling an imminent movement against nui dat. however the commanders of the 275th regiment and the d445 battalion of the north vietnamese army held different interpretations of the battle's outcome. accordingly, the d445 battalion regarded the battle as a victory, with the initial mortaring intended to draw out 6 rar units into an ambush. following the initial ambush and due to the d445 battalion holding the ground until the next day, this was regarded as political victory as they had secured the areas around long tan village itself. the 275th regiment regard the battle as an operational failure as they were unable to wipe out the entire company, but consider that they gained a political victory by forcing a retreat until the next morning and earning greater support from the people of phuoc tuy. additionally, whether the battle impaired the 275th regiment is disputed, as they had launched attacks against the arvn 18th division a week later. the impact of the battle on the combat capability of the d445 battalion is also in dispute, as they were redeployed against the 11th armored cavalry task force a month following the battle.
several subsequent controversies about the battle arose, including fabrication of official events and embellishment of the roles of some senior officers,[8] disputes over casualties, size of the attacking forces,[9] and official histories of the battle which cite purported documents and anecdotal claims which remain uncorroborated.[10]
background [ edit ]
phuoc tuy province, south vietnam
following the establishment of 1atf's nui dat base in operation hardihood, standing patrols were established outside the base in the evening and clearing patrols sent out every morning and evening along the 12-kilometre (7.5 mi) perimeter. daily platoon patrols and ambushes were initially conducted out to line alpha 4,000 metres (4,400 yd), which was the range of the vc mortars, but were later extended to line bravo 10,000 metres (11,000 yd) to counter the threat from artillery.
as part of the occupation of nui dat, all inhabitants of long phước and long hải villages within lina alpha were removed and resettled nearby. a protective security zone was then established and a free-fire zone declared. although unusual for allied installations in vietnam, many of which were located near populated areas, the australians hoped to deny the vc observation of nui dat and afford greater security to patrols entering and exiting the area. yet while adding to the physical security of the base, disrupting a major vc support area and removing the local population from danger, such measures may have been counter-productive. indeed, the resettlement resulted in widespread resentment and it was debatable how much information the inhabitants would provide on vc movements, potentially creating an opportunity to attack nui dat without warning.
meanwhile, the vc continued to observe the base from the nui dinh hills. movement was heard around the perimeter over the first few nights as they attempted to locate the australian defences under the cover of darkness and heavy rain. although no clashes occurred and the reconnaissance soon ceased, they were believed to be finalising preparations for an attack. on 10 june reporting indicated a vc regiment was moving towards nui dat from the north-west and was about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) away. the same day three 120 mm mortar rounds landed just outside the base. that night australian artillery fired on suspected movement along route 2, although no casualties were found the next day. further warnings of a four-battalion attack hastened the call-forward of 6th battalion, royal australian regiment (6 rar), which arrived from vũng tàu on 14 june. despite such reports though no attack occurred, and the initial reaction to 1 atf's lodgement proved unexpectedly limited.
opposing forces [ edit ]
the principal communist units in phước tuy were main forces from the 274th and 275th regiments of the vc 5th division. under command of senior colonel nguyen the truyen, the division was headquartered in the mây tào mountains. operating in phước tuy, biên hòa and long khánh provinces it comprised both south vietnamese guerrillas and north vietnamese regulars. tasked with isolating the eastern provinces from saigon by interdicting the main roads and highways, including national routes 1 and 15 and provincial routes 2 and 23, it proved a major challenge to army of the republic of vietnam (arvn) units that might venture into the province, demonstrating a capacity to mount regimental-size ambushes. the 274th regiment was the stronger and better trained of the two, based in the hát dịch in north-west phước tuy with three battalions—d800, d265 and d308—it numbered 2,000 men. the 275th regiment was based in the mây tào mountains and mainly operated in the east of the province. commanded by senior captain nguyen thoi bung (aka ut thoi), it consisted of three battalions—h421, h422 and h421—with a total of 1,850 men. in support was an artillery battalion equipped with 75 mm recoilless rifles (rcls), 82 mm mortars, and 12.7 mm heavy machine-guns, an engineer battalion, a signals battalion and a sapper reconnaissance battalion, as well as medical and logistic units. local forces included d445 battalion, which normally operated in the south and in long khánh. under command of bui quang chanh (alias sau chanh), it consisted of three rifle companies—c1, c2, c3—and a weapons company, c4; a strength of 550 men.[note 1] recruited locally and operating in familiar terrain, they possessed an intimate knowledge of the area. guerrilla forces numbered 400 men operating in groups of five to 60, with two companies in châu đốc district, one in long dat, and a platoon in xuyên mộc. in total, vc strength was alleged to have been around 4,500 men.
arvn forces included the 52nd ranger battalion, a decorated unit that had previously earned a presidential unit citation defeating the 275th regiment a year prior, as well as relatively weak territorial forces of 17 regional force (rf) companies and 47 popular force (pf) platoons; in total some 4,500 men. making up the bulk of government units in phước tuy, the territorial forces varied in standard. although most villages were garrisoned by an rf company operating from a fortified compound, and pf platoons guarded most hamlets and important infrastructure, their value was questionable. rf companies were technically available for tasks throughout the province, while pf platoons were mostly restricted to operating around their village, yet both were primarily defensive. while rf and pf units occasionally defended themselves successfully they rarely conducted offensive operations, and even when they did they were usually limited. mostly recruited from the same population as their opponents, they were subject to the same motivations and pressures, and often suffered equally at the hands of the vc and a largely inept government. poorly trained and unable to rely on being reinforced, the territorial forces usually provided little opposition to the vc. a us advisory team operated in support, as did a few australians from the australian army training team vietnam (aattv); despite their efforts, the capabilities of the arvn remained limited. meanwhile, the arrival of 1 atf further restricted their ability to operate in phước tuy as it increasingly came to dominate the province.
initially, 1 atf consisted of two infantry battalions—5 rar commanded by lieutenant colonel john warr, and 6 rar under lieutenant colonel colin townsend. other units included the 1st apc squadron operating m113 armoured personnel carriers; 1st field regiment, royal australian artillery consisting of the new zealand 161st battery and two australian batteries equipped with eighteen 105 mm l5 pack howitzers; as well as six 155 mm m109 self-propelled howitzers from the us a battery, 2nd battalion, 35th artillery regiment permanently attached at nui dat; 3rd sas squadron; 1st field squadron and 21st engineer support troop; 103rd signals squadron; 161st reconnaissance flight operating cessna 180s and bell h-13 sioux light observation helicopters; and an intelligence detachment. support arrangements were provided by the 1st australian logistic support group (1 alsg) established 30 kilometres (19 mi) south at vũng tàu, while eight uh-1b iroquois helicopters from no. 9 squadron raaf also operated from that location. us forces provided considerable support including medium and heavy artillery, close air support, helicopter gunships, and additional utility, medium and heavy lift helicopters. the largest australian force deployed since the second world war, it had been rapidly assembled. although many of 1 atf's officers and non-commissioned personnel had extensive operational experience, it included many untried national servicemen. few had direct experience of counter-insurgency operations, and even less a first-hand understanding of the situation in vietnam. the task force was unable to train together before departure.
preliminary operations [ edit ]
with 1 atf established at nui dat, subsequent operations included a series of search and destroy missions to gain control over phước tuy. seeking to extend its influence beyond line alpha, in early july 5 rar patrolled north through nui nghệ, while 6 rar cleared long phước to the south, removing the former inhabitants who had returned since may. 5 rar then began operations along route 2, cordoning and searching dục mỹ on 19–20 july in preparation for the clearance of bình ba. meanwhile, the sas conducted long-range patrols to the edge of the taor, to provide early warning of vc concentrations. despite such measures, the 274th and 275th regiments eluded 1 atf and were thought to be in the north-west and north-east of the province. yet, with the 5th division believed able to concentrate anywhere in phước tuy within 24 to 48 hours, it remained a significant threat. as 1 atf began to impact the vc's freedom of action, a response was increasingly expected. mortar fire and small probes on the nui dat perimeter had been anticipated and had occurred, with such activity a possible prelude to an attack. regardless, assessments of vc intentions changed from those of may and june. whereas previously a full-scale assault was expected, as nui dat's defences were strengthened an attack against an isolated company or battalion was considered more likely. other possibilities included continued skirmishes or ambushes during routine patrolling, or an attempt to interdict a resupply convoy from vũng tàu.
australian soldier during operations in phước tuy province
by the end of july, a large vc force had been detected by sas patrols east of nui dat, near the abandoned village of long tân. in response, 6 rar launched a battalion search and destroy operation. during a series of fire-fights on 25 july, a company from d445 battalion bounced off c company, and in the process of retreating assaulted b company occupying a blocking position, before being driven off with heavy casualties. in the following days, further clashes occurred around long tan, resulting in 13 vc killed and 19 wounded, and australian losses of three killed and 19 wounded. yet with the inhabitants resettled, the village fortified and the perimeter regularly patrolled, the australians considered the area secure. however, with the 274th and 275th regiments still at large, uncertainty resulted in growing tension in 1 atf. believing vc sympathisers had returned to long tân, they searched the area again on 29 july. that afternoon, as 6 rar commenced a detailed search following its initial sweep, jackson ordered its immediate return to nui dat in response to south vietnamese reports of a large vc presence close to the base, with the battalion airlifted out by early evening. although the warnings were unconfirmed and an attack against nui dat was considered unlikely, 1 atf was re-postured. company patrols were sent out in each direction over the following days, but found little of significance. jackson had seemed to over-react, and his requests for assistance from us ii field force, vietnam were denied. later intelligence discredited the original reporting and the crisis subsided, yet it was indicative of the alarms experienced during the first months of 1 atf's lodgement, and their effect.
in early august 5 rar continued operations along route 2, including the cordon and search of bình ba which had been postponed in late july. the village was considered key to opening the north of the province and linking bà rịa to xuân lộc in long khánh province, yet it was dominated by the vc, and with a population of 2,100 the operation would be complex. 5 rar sealed off bình ba before first light on 9 august, supported by two companies from 6 rar, as well as apcs, engineers and artillery. accompanied by south vietnamese police, they methodically searched the area while the inhabitants were provided with food and medical aid, followed by further searches of dục mỹ and dục trung. by 10 august bình ba and its approaches had been cleared and the australians commenced searching the areas east and west of route 2. although little contact occurred, one australian was killed on 14 august during a brief fire-fight after a group of vc approached their harbour. route 2 was opened to civilian traffic on 18 august. by the conclusion of the operation, 17 vc had been apprehended and a further 77 suspects detained, destroying the bình ba guerrilla platoon, crippling the infrastructure of the insurgency and bringing the village under government influence, with an arvn ranger company later stationed there to maintain control. achieved at little cost, it was believed a significant success. warr in particular considered such operations vital to the pacification of phước tuy, arguing they were the only way to neutralise the vc infrastructure and were an essential first step in defeating the vc main forces, even if their effectiveness relied on the questionable ability of the government to rapidly establish competent administration and security.
after two months, 1 atf had moved beyond the initial requirements of establishing itself and securing its immediate approaches, commencing operations to open the province. the task force had penetrated the vc base areas to the east and come off the better during a number of clashes with companies from d445 battalion. further operations had been conducted in the núi dinh hills to west, while road operations along routes 15 and 23 demonstrated their viability, bình ba had been cleared of vc influence and route 2 opened to civilian traffic. yet the ongoing need to secure nui dat reduced the combat power available to the task force commander, and it was evident that with only two battalions—rather than the usual three—1 atf lacked operational flexibility, as while one battalion carried out operations the other was required to secure the base and provide a ready reaction force. significant logistic problems also plagued the task force, as 1 alsg struggled to become operational amid the sand dunes at vũng tàu, resulting in shortages of vital equipment. by the middle of august, the australian troops were growing tired from constant day and night patrolling with no respite from base defence duties. a rest and recreation program began, with many granted two days leave in vũng tàu, but this further stretched the limited forces available to 1 atf. meanwhile, in response to the growing threat posed by the australians, the commander of the vc 5th division finally ordered the 275th regiment to move against nui dat.
viet cong soldiers from d445 battalion
for several weeks, australian signals intelligence (sigint) had tracked a radio transmitter from the headquarters of the 275th regiment moving westwards to a position just north of long tân using radio direction finding; however, extensive patrolling failed to find the unit. provided by the top secret 547 signals troop, the reports began on 29 july at the height of the false alarm, with the radio detected moving towards nui dat from a position north of xuyên mộc. it continued at a rate of 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) a day and by 13 august was located near the nui dat 2 feature, a hill in the vicinity of long tân, 5,000 metres (5,500 yd) east of nui dat. although direction finding only indicated the movement of the radio, and no transmissions had been intercepted, it suggested the presence of the 275th regiment, or at least a reconnaissance party of that unit. while deception could not be ruled out, jackson took the threat seriously and a number of company patrols were sent out. yet the existence of a sigint capability was a closely guarded secret, and knowledge of the source of the reports had been limited to jackson, his two intelligence officers, and the 1 atf operations officer, while neither battalion commander had access. on 15 august d company, 6 rar patrolled to nui dat 2 and returned through the long tân rubber plantation. the following day a company, 6 rar departed on a three-day patrol on a route which included nui dat 2 and the ridge to the north-west. any sizeable vc force in the vicinity would have been located, but neither patrol found anything of significance. sas patrols focused on the núi dinh hills to the west.
by 16 august, the communist force was positioned east of the long tân rubber plantation, just outside the range of the artillery at nui dat. the operation was thought to have been planned by colonel nguyen thanh hong, a staff officer from the vc 5th division who was likely in overall control. although vc intentions have been debated in the years since, the aim was likely both a political and military victory, resolving to prove their strength to the local population and undermine australian public support for the war. they would probably have known one of 1 atf's battalions was involved in the search of bình ba and may have considered nui dat weakly defended as a result. undetected, it likely consisted of three battalions of the 275th regiment with approximately 1,400 men, possibly reinforced by at least one regular pavn battalion, and d445 battalion with up to 350 men.[note 2] well armed, they were equipped with ak-47 and sks assault rifles, rpg-2 rocket-propelled grenades, light machine-guns, mortars and rcls. large quantities of ammunition were carried, with each man issued two or three grenades, and grenadiers up to 10 or 12, as well as a reserve of small arms, mortar bombs and rounds for their crew-served weapons. meanwhile, the 274th regiment was probably located 15 to 20 kilometres (9.3 to 12.4 mi) north-west, occupying a position on route 2 to ambush a squadron of the us 11th armored cavalry regiment which they anticipated would move down the inter-provincial highway from long khánh to support the australians.
battle [ edit ]
opening moves, 16/17 august 1966 [ edit ]
battle of long tan, 18 august 1966
at 02:43 on the night of 16/17 august nui dat was heavily bombarded by the vc, being hit by over 100 rounds from several 82 mm mortars, 75 mm rcls and an old japanese 70 mm howitzer fired from a position 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) to the east. most of the infantry were deployed at the time, with 5 rar still engaged on operation holsworthy, although a small stay behind party remained. a company, 6 rar was on patrol in the north-east of the taor, while a platoon from c company was manning a night ambush to the south-east. continuing for 22 minutes, it damaged vehicles and tents and wounded 24 men, one of whom later died. the impact was spread over the south and south-east, with the 103rd field battery heaviest hit. despite coming under fire, the guns from the 1st field regiment, raa were quickly brought into action, commencing counter-battery fire at 02:50. as the artillery locating radar was suspected of being faulty, this was done using compass bearings on sound and flash. after the likely firing point was plotted, a regimental fire mission of 10 rounds was fired from each gun totalling 240 rounds, and the mortaring ceased. with the attack over, the australians remained alert in case of a ground assault; however, no follow up occurred. regardless, the artillery continued to shell suspected firing positions and withdrawal routes until 04:10. although the vc were expected to have withdrawn, several company patrols would be dispatched the following morning to search the area east of nui dat in response.
townsend ordered b company under major noel ford to prepare for a patrol to locate the firing points which were believed to be in the area between the abandoned villages of long tân, long phước, and the nui dat 2 feature. having done so, it was to establish the direction of the vc withdrawal. meanwhile, a platoon from c company mounted in apcs was to investigate a suspected base plate location south-west of nui dat. a company would continue its patrol in the vicinity of nui dat 2, while 7 platoon, c company—already conducting a night ambush on the southern edge of the taor—would search a number of sites as it returned that morning. no sas patrols were deployed as a result of the attack, although several had previously been planned to the north between bình ba and the courtenay plantation in preparation for upcoming operations, and went ahead unchanged. another patrol was inserted near the song rai, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) north-east of nui dat, on the morning of 17 august. noting signs of significant activity soon afterwards, it located several tracks moving west made approximately six hours earlier, possibly by a vc logistic unit. yet the patrol was compromised and due to radio interference and faulty equipment the information was unable to be reported until extraction two days later. australian intelligence continued to assess a ground attack against nui dat as unlikely. but with the bombardment a likely indicator of further offensive action against 1 atf, jackson felt he would be unable to adequately respond with only one battalion. 5 rar was therefore ordered to return to nui dat, and was expected back by 18 august.
although sigint had earlier alerted jackson to the possible presence of a strong vc force in the vicinity of nui dat 2, patrols of the area revealed nothing and as a consequence b company did not expect to meet significant opposition. stepping off early on 17 august they believed they would not be out long and were only lightly equipped in patrol order, lacking sleeping gear and rations. with just 80 men—including many due to commence leave in vũng tàu the following day—they were significantly under-strength. crossing the suối da bang creek, the firing point of the mortars was soon located as were signs of the vc withdrawal as they pushed further east. meanwhile, a company, 6 rar under captain charles mollison continued its patrol north of nui dat 2, and was involved in three minor clashes, killing one vc and wounding two. b company was subsequently tasked to remain in the area to search to the north and east the following day and was met by porters that afternoon to supply them with rations. 9 platoon, c company returned to nui dat with nothing to report, leaving a and b company to harbour in their night locations. speculation about the size of the vc in the area increased. captain bryan wickens, the 6 rar intelligence officer, assessed that the presence of medium mortars, rcls and artillery likely indicated a significant force. due to growing uncertainty about vc intentions, jackson agreed the patrol scheduled for 18 august should be increased from platoon to company size. d company, 6 rar under command of major harry smith had previously been detailed for a three-day patrol south-east of nui dat and was instead ordered to relieve b company the next day to continue the search. despite this, neither townsend nor smith were warned of the possible presence of the 275th regiment.
patrolling east of nui dat, 18 august 1966 [ edit ]
after unexpectedly spending the night in the bush, the men from b company scheduled to go on leave returned to nui dat the following morning. at 07:05 the depleted company—reduced to a single platoon and company headquarters—continued the search east as far as the edge of the rubber plantation, while a company searched down the suối da bang towards them. a number of weapon pits were subsequently located, as were the firing positions of the mortars and rcls, while discarded clothing and bloodstains found nearby confirmed the accuracy of the australian artillery. at nui dat d company, 6 rar prepared for its patrol, test firing weapons and packing equipment. despite the earlier bombardment only the standard ammunition load would be taken. lightly armed, they carried just 60 rounds for their l1a1 and m16 rifles, and 200 rounds for each m60 machine-gun. smith was briefed by wickens who highlighted the likely presence of a vc force equipped with mortars, assessing it would be incapable of mounting an ambush due to the effect of the counter-battery fire. while the size of the force was unknown it was unlikely to be small and the possibility it was part of a larger force preparing to move against nui dat could not be discounted. the vc were believed able to attack a company-sized force and to launch mortar attacks similar to that the previous morning. smith then discussed the patrol with townsend. if b company had located the withdrawal route used by the mortar crews, he was to follow it with the aim of interdiction; otherwise he was to continue the search until it was located. assuming d445 battalion to be the only unit in the area from the information available, smith believed they were looking for that unit's heavy weapons platoon of approximately 30 to 40 men. he briefed his platoon commanders accordingly, although he also felt the vc would have long since left the area. meanwhile, 5 rar (minus one company) returned to nui dat.
d company departed nui dat at 11:00 on 18 august. led by smith and accompanied by a three-man new zealand artillery forward observer party under captain maurice stanley, the 108-man company set-off quickly. already behind schedule and with b company having been out for longer than expected, smith wanted to relieve ford before more time elapsed and then follow the vc tracks to continue the pursuit that afternoon. opting for speed, he adopted single file, with 12 platoon under second lieutenant david sabben in the lead. despite the heat the company moved at a fast pace, traversing the low scrub, swamp and paddy fields as they closed in on b company's position. meanwhile, the rock and roll acts little pattie and col joye and the joy boys had flown into nui dat and were setting up for the afternoon concert. many of the australians were disappointed at the prospect of missing the entertainment, and as they patrolled east they occasionally heard the music through the trees. at 13:00 they met up with b company on the edge of the long tân rubber plantation, approximately 2,500 metres (2,700 yd) from nui dat. d company moved into all-round defence and sentries were posted. while the soldiers had lunch, smith and ford inspected the area with a small protection party. the position appeared to have been used by the vc as a staging area prior to the bombardment two nights before, while signs of casualties having been evacuated by cart were located. blood stains and a quantity of equipment and sandals were also found. the mortar and rcl firing locations were also examined. after briefing smith, ford and the remainder of b company turned for nui dat. d company subsequently took over the pursuit.
smith decided to follow signs of a fresh track leading north-east. setting off at 15:00, d company paralleled a well-defined track running slightly uphill. second lieutenant gordon sharp's 11 platoon was in the lead, followed by company headquarters, with 10 platoon on the left under second lieutenant geoff kendall, and 12 platoon on the right. each platoon moved in open formation, with two sections forward in arrowhead and one back, on a frontage of approximately 160 metres (170 yd). moving deeper into the plantation, the older trees and patchy undergrowth gave way to straight rows of clean rubber which afforded long views in one direction, but limited visibility in others. after 200 metres (220 yd) the track divided into two which ran roughly east-south-east in parallel, 300 metres (330 yd) apart. at the junction d company found evidence of the vc mortars having been prepared for firing, while more scattered equipment was found which again indicated the accuracy of the counter-battery fire and a rapid withdrawal. unable to cover both tracks, smith radioed townsend to discuss the situation. it was decided d company would take the more easterly track, towards the limit of the range of their covering artillery. smith adopted a "two up, one back" formation, with 10 platoon on the left and 11 platoon on the higher ground to the right. company headquarters was central, with 12 platoon following to the rear. well dispersed with about 10 metres (11 yd) between each man, the company had a total frontage of 400 metres (440 yd) and was about the same in depth. amid the trees observation was 150 to 200 metres (160 to 220 yd), allowing visual contact between smith and his platoons. while standard for australian infantry in such terrain, this spacing was larger than that usually adopted by arvn or us units.
d company moved off again. shortly after 11 platoon's lead section crossed a dirt road running south-west to north-east. straight, well-established and sunken with a clearing on either side, it was 20 to 30 metres (22 to 33 yd) wide and required them to complete an obstacle-crossing drill to traverse it. at 15:40, just as the forward sections entered the tree line on the other side, but before platoon headquarters could follow, a group of six to eight vc approached their right flank along the track from the south. unaware of their presence, the vc squad continued into the middle of the platoon. one was hit in a brief action after the platoon sergeant, sergeant bob buick, engaged them, while the remainder scattered. they rapidly moved south-east, and although the australians believed it just another fleeting contact, artillery was called onto their likely withdrawal route 500 metres (550 yd) south. after pausing to reorganise, 11 platoon moved into extended line, sweeping the area and recovering an ak-47 and the body of a vc soldier. sharp reported to smith that the viet cong had been dressed in khaki uniforms and were carrying automatic weapons, yet d445 battalion soldiers typically wore black and were equipped with us-origin bolt-action rifles or carbines. at the time only main force units were so equipped, but the significance was not immediately apparent as the australians attempted to follow up. with the area clear following the initial contact, smith ordered d company to continue the advance. meanwhile, second lieutenant david harris was at headquarters 1 atf at nui dat when the first reports came in. as jackson's aide he was aware of the intelligence being received and believed d company had clashed with a main force regiment. harris alerted jackson, before telephoning major bob hagerty—officer commanding 1st apc squadron—to warn him of the possible requirement for his standby troop.
site of the battle in 2005
moving forward again, d company continued east. 11 platoon's rapid follow-up had opened a 500-metre (550 yd) gap with company headquarters, while the two lead platoons were also widely dispersed. 11 platoon penetrated further into the plantation, widening the gap with 10 platoon to more than 300 metres (330 yd). although 12 platoon in the rear covered most of the ground bypassed by the forward platoons, the gap was such that their flanking sections had lost sight of each other, while smith was unable to see them either in the dense vegetation. at that distance, the spacing between the australians was now greater than the maximum effective range of their weapons. meanwhile, 11 platoon had moved forward approximately 250 metres (270 yd) from the first engagement. as smith reached the site of the contact, the sound of firing continued to the front as sharp manoeuvred his sections in pursuit of the withdrawing force. still in extended line, 11 platoon came across a rubber tapper's hut. believing sounds coming from it were from vc hiding there, sharp launched a platoon attack; but the vc had already fled, and the assaulting sections found only two grenades as they swept through the area. advancing with three sections abreast—6 section on the left, 4 section in the centre and 5 section on the right—they pushed on through the rubber towards a clearing. this formation allowed them to cover a broad front, but offered little flank security.
at 16:08, shortly after resuming the advance, 11 platoon's left flank was engaged by machine-gun fire from an undetected vc force, killing and wounding several men from 6 section. they went to ground and adopted firing positions, only to be engaged by a second machine-gun firing tracer. the firing lasted two to three minutes then stopped, and sharp then ordered 5 section to sweep across the front of the platoon from the right. yet just as they began to move, they came under heavy small-arms and rocket-propelled grenade fire from their front and both flanks. pinned down by the weight of fire, and under threat of being overrun, the isolated platoon was forced to fight for their lives. over the next 10 to 15 minutes the viet cong engaged 11 platoon with heavy fire, putting their left flank out of action. at that moment a heavy monsoon rain began which reduced visibility to just 50 metres (55 yd) and turned the ground to mud. assessing the vc to be in greater strength than previously thought and believing they were preparing to assault his position, sharp called for artillery fire as he moved to bring his exposed section back into line and then gradually draw his platoon into all-round defence. he subsequently reported being under fire from a force estimated to be platoon-sized. the australians had started the contact thinking they were numerically superior and would attack the vc, yet far from clashing with a small force which would try to withdraw before being decisively engaged, 11 platoon had run into the forward troops of a main force regiment. beginning as an encounter battle, heavy fighting ensued as the advancing battalions of the 275th regiment and d445 battalion clashed with d company, 6 rar and attempted to encircle and destroy them.
11 platoon isolated [ edit ]
amid the noise of machine-gun and rifle fire and the vc bugle calls, stanley quickly brought the 161st battery, royal new zealand artillery into action to support the australian infantry. yet as he was unable to see them, for safety reasons the initial rounds were directed a distance from 11 platoon's known location, before "walking" the fire in to between 200 to 300 metres (220 to 330 yd) of their position, aided by d company's favourable location between the vc and the gunline at nui dat, which allowed the rounds to pass over their heads and fall away from them. landing beyond 11 platoon, the rounds exploded amid the vc as they began to form up for an assault. but with 11 platoon engaged from its left, front and right, it became clear the vc force was stronger than a platoon, and was probably at least company-sized. supported by heavy machine-guns, they launched a series of assaults against 11 platoon, only to be held off by small arms and artillery fire. as the fighting continued, stanley realised a single artillery battery would be insufficient, and at 16:19 requested a regimental fire mission using all 24 guns of the 1st field regiment. the vc continued their assault regardless, surging around the flanks of 11 platoon. the australians responded with controlled small arms fire, picking off a number of vc soldiers as the rain and artillery continued to fall. after making the required corrections, stanley requested another regimental fire mission at 16:22, yet still unable to see the rounds land he had to work entirely from radio communications with 11 platoon, adjusting the fire over an area of 200 metres (220 yd) using just a map.
australian gunners carry out a fire mission
less than 20 minutes after the first contact more than a third of 11 platoon had been killed or wounded. several 60 mm light mortar rounds were subsequently fired towards the d company position and although they landed to the east they further separated the remainder of the company from 11 platoon, putting the main body behind a slight rise. at 16:26 smith reported to townsend that d company was facing a force of company-size and that they were using mortars, urgently calling for artillery support. shortly afterwards sharp was shot and killed after he raised himself to observe the fall of shot. with the platoon commander dead, buick took charge of 11 platoon, directing the artillery through stanley. unable to extricate itself, 11 platoon was almost surrounded as the vc continued to assault their position. taking heavy casualties and running short of ammunition, buick radioed for assistance. soon after the aerial of the platoon's radio was shot away and communications lost. meanwhile, smith requested aerial fire support from armed ch-47 chinooks or an air-strike to deal with the mortars. in response, stanley organised counter-battery fire from the american 155 mm self-propelled howitzers at nui dat, which appeared to silence them. these mortars were not the 82 mm variants that had bombarded nui dat on 16/17 august; and although no further mortar fire was reported at the time, they may have fired at b company later in the battle.
meanwhile, 10 platoon was approximately 200 metres (220 yd) to the north and smith ordered it to move up on the left of 11 platoon to try to relieve pressure on them and allow a withdrawal back to the company defensive position. dropping their packs, kendall's platoon wheeled to the south-east in extended line, advancing towards 11 platoon. as they came over a small rise, through the rain they observed a vc platoon of 30 to 40 men advancing south, firing on 11 platoon as they attempted to outflank them. advancing to close range before dropping to their knees to adopt firing positions, 10 platoon engaged them from the rear, hitting a large number and breaking up the attack. as the surviving vc withdrew, kendall pushed on. yet shortly after 10 platoon was engaged on three sides from a heavy machine-gun firing tracer from the high ground of the nui dat 2 feature 400 metres (440 yd) to their left, wounding the signaller and damaging the radio, putting it out of action. now also without communications, and still 100 to 150 metres (110 to 160 yd) from 11 platoon, 10 platoon moved into a defensive position, fighting to hold on. finally, a runner arrived from company headquarters with a replacement radio, having moved 200 to 300 metres (220 to 330 yd) through heavy fire as he tried to locate the platoon, killing two vc with his owen gun on the way. with the wounded starting to arrive back at smith's position and communications with 10 platoon restored, he ordered kendall to pull back under cover of the artillery. 10 platoon was ultimately forced back to its start point.
reaction at nui dat [ edit ]
it appeared the vc would shortly overrun d company if they were not soon reinforced. yet, with 1 atf lacking sufficient forces to maintain a dedicated reserve at nui dat, no suitable quick reaction force was prepared to deploy at short notice. consequently, it would take several hours to organise a relief force. although essentially a sub-unit battle fought by a rifle company supported by artillery and co-ordinated by townsend from the 6 rar command post at nui dat, jackson was concerned. not only was d company in trouble, but the entire force might be under threat, while the additional resources available to the task force might be required. as a result, he remained in constant contact with townsend, although ultimate control remained with the latter. vc radio jamming on the battalion command net forced them to switch frequencies to communicate with d company, while with such a capability rarely found below divisional-level, they were likely more outnumbered than first thought. at 16:30 townsend ordered a company to prepare to reinforce them, despite themselves only having returned from a three-day patrol an hour prior. intending to lead the company out himself and take command of the battle, 3 troop, 1st apc squadron under lieutenant adrian roberts was also warned to be ready to lift the relief force. us ground attack aircraft at bien hoa air base were also placed on alert by headquarters 1 atf. meanwhile, on hearing the sounds of the fighting while returning to nui dat, b company halted 2,300 metres (2,500 yd) short of the base and was ordered to rejoin d company. apparently under close observation by the vc, they were engaged by two 60 mm mortars as they turned around, but took no casualties.
requiring the task force commander's permission to send out the relief force and to accompany it, townsend telephoned jackson. concerned for the safety of the entire force, jackson was initially reluctant to authorise its dispatch should it weaken the position at nui dat. although he was unsure of the size of the vc facing d company, from smith's reports it appeared to be at least a regular battalion. intelligence suggested it was likely from the 275th regiment, although the location of its remaining two battalions were unknown, as was that of d445 battalion. the whereabouts of the 274th regiment was equally unclear. while radio direction finding suggested it may have been near phước tuy's northern border, three weeks earlier it had been reported close to the western side of the australian taor, and one of its battalions had (incorrectly) been believed involved in an attack on phú mỹ in the south-west of the province on 11 august. consequently, jackson reasoned that if the battle unfolding near long tân was the opening phase of an attack on nui dat, the main assault was still to come, and he would need the bulk of his forces to defend the task force base. he considered the commitment of a company would tie up the bulk of 6 rar and the artillery. yet townsend believed nui dat's defences sufficient to deter such an attack, even if they remained incomplete, while the strategic reserve held by us ii ffv could also be enacted if required. ultimately jackson gave in-principle support to the plan, but would not release the relief force until he thought it warranted.
fighting continues [ edit ]
by 16:50, it was apparent to smith that he was facing a force of at least battalion-strength. yet with his two forward platoons still separated and unable to support each other, d company was badly positioned for a defensive battle. 10 platoon had been prevented from engaging the vc attacking 11 platoon, and was unable to support its withdrawal. meanwhile, 11 platoon had gone to ground in extended line following the initial contact, leaving its flanks vulnerable, while its aggressive push forward prior to the engagement also complicated the application of artillery support, which had to be switched to support each platoon as required rather than allowing it to be concentrated. unable to see either platoon, the d company forward observer was unsure of 11 platoon's exact position, further delaying the process. as a consequence 10 and 11 platoons were each forced to fight their own battles, and despite the weight of the indirect fire increasingly becoming available to support the australian infantry, the vc were able to apply superior fire power as they tried to isolate and attack each platoon in turn. to retrieve the situation, smith planned to pull his company into an all-round defensive position enabling his platoons to support each other fighting a co-ordinated battle, and to care for the wounded until a relief force could arrive to assist. seemingly intent on attacking nui dat, the vc moved to overrun the beleaguered force, but the dispersal of the australian platoons made it difficult for them to find d company's flanks and roll them up, and may have led the vc commander to believe he was engaging a much larger force.
us f-4 phantoms over south vietnam
in the meantime, buick repaired the 11 platoon radio and re-established communications with company headquarters, and with stanley, who was again able to adjust the artillery by radio. yet the vc succeeded in closing to within 50 metres (55 yd) of 11 platoon's position, and much of the artillery was beginning to fall behind them. although the fire was probably impacting the vc rear area and causing considerable casualties there, these assault troops had deliberately closed with the australians to negate its effect. buick estimated 11 platoon was being assaulted by at least two companies; down to the last of their ammunition and with just 10 of its 28 men still able to fight, he feared they would soon be overrun and destroyed, and were unlikely to survive beyond the next 10 to 15 minutes. confident the rest of d company would be attempting to reach them, but unable to see how that might occur, buick requested artillery fire onto his own position despite the danger this entailed. stanley refused, but after confirming 11 platoon's precarious situation, he was able to walk the artillery in closer. landing 50 to 100 metres (160 to 330 ft) to their front, the artillery detonated among a large concentration of vc troops, destroying an entire assault line as they formed up. at 17:00, three us f-4 phantoms arrived on station for an airstrike arranged by battalion headquarters.
at 17:02, smith reported d company was running low on ammunition and required aerial resupply. with just three magazines carried by each rifleman, they were only lightly equipped prior to the battle. this was a standard load calculated on 1 rar usage rates which had been enough during previous actions, but it proved insufficient for sustained fighting. due to the thick vegetation, the ammunition boxes would need to be dropped through the trees, and intending on moving his headquarters behind a low knoll, smith nominated a point 400 metres (440 yd) west. this position would afford greater protection, while the helicopters would be less likely to attract ground fire. yet with their casualties now unable to be moved, d company would have to remain where it was. townsend passed the ammunition demand to headquarters 1 atf. in response, jackson requested two uh-1b iroquois from no. 9 squadron raaf to deliver it; however, the senior raaf officer at nui dat, group captain peter raw, was not prepared to risk aircraft hovering at tree-top height in the heavy rain where they would be exposed to ground fire, citing department of air regulations. relations between the army and raaf over the use of the helicopters had become increasingly bitter in the months prior, and were still tenuous despite recent improvements. jackson requested american assistance, and when the us army liaison officer responded more favourably, raw felt no alternative than to accede to the original request, offering to effect the resupply instead. by coincidence, two raaf iroquois were available at nui dat, having been used for the concert, and were committed to support d company.
smith requested close air support, calling for the waiting aircraft to drop napalm across 11 platoon's eastern frontage. the phantoms soon arrived, but the rain and low cloud obscured the coloured smoke the australians had thrown to mark their position through the trees. stanley was forced to halt the artillery while the aircraft flew overhead, but as smith was unable to establish communications with the forward air observer he wanted the aircraft to move out of the area so it could resume firing. townsend directed the aircraft to attack the forward slopes of nui dat 2 instead, believing the vc command element to be located there. the artillery began to fall again as the vc formed assault waves, preventing d company being overrun. major harry honnor—officer commanding 161st battery, rnza attached to 6 rar in direct support—served as townsend's artillery advisor at nui dat and during the battle controlled the fires of the three field batteries, as well as directing the american medium artillery against depth targets. on the ground, stanley called down the fire himself or relayed the direction of the assault, from which honnor selected targets and ordered the fire, which was then adjusted by stanley using sound ranging to bring it closer. despite the rain and the soft ground reducing the impact of the artillery, its effectiveness was aided by otherwise favourable technical conditions. this included the location of the infantry between the guns and the assaulting vc, the convenient range of 5,000 to 6,000 metres (5,500 to 6,600 yd) at which the engagement occurred, good communications afforded by the newly issued an/prc-25 radios, the air burst effect created by rounds exploding in the trees, and the large supply of rounds stock-piled at nui dat.
12 platoon attempts to link up with buick [ edit ]
having been repulsed on the left, smith tried the right flank. pushing his headquarters forward, he ordered sabben to move 12 platoon—until then held in reserve—up on the right to support 11 platoon. yet as new radio traffic was received, smith was again forced to ground to work on fresh orders, while the arrival of an increasing number of casualties required the establishment of an aid post in the dead ground, which effectively tied them in location and prevented further manoeuvre. meanwhile, at 17:05 roberts arrived at the 6 rar headquarters at nui dat with his troop of 10 apcs, and was quickly briefed by the operations officer on the situation before departing to pick up a company from their lines. after more than an hour of fighting, d company was still widely dispersed; 10 platoon had been unable to break through to 11 platoon from the north, while there remained only a slight chance 12 platoon would have more success from the north-west. with the vc enjoying a considerable numerical advantage, smith feared his platoons would be defeated in detail and that it was only a matter of time before his entire company would be overrun, despite the devastating effect of the artillery on the vc assault formations. 12 platoon departed at 17:15, moving south-east in an attempt to retrieve the now cut-off 11 platoon, but having been forced to leave 9 section behind to protect company headquarters and support the wounded, with just two sections it was significantly under-strength.
at 17:20 smith requested an airmobile assault to reinforce his position; however, due to the bad weather, poor visibility, time of day and lack of a suitable landing zone this was considered impossible. instead, townsend informed him an infantry company mounted in apcs would be dispatched as a relief force. yet jackson was reluctant to reduce the defences at nui dat, considering the attack a possible feint. consequently, although smith repeatedly pressed townsend, there had been a delay of more than an hour from when the relief force was ordered to ready themselves until roberts was allowed to move.[note 3] townsend finally ordered the relief force to move at 17:30, having received jackson's approval. a company, 6 rar and 3 troop had been on standby in the company lines and departed fifteen minutes later. but with the route largely dictated by the terrain, the possibility of the relief force being ambushed concerned townsend and jackson. regardless, given the dire situation, they saw no alternative; and considered it unlikely, given the ground had been covered by frequent patrols, the proximity of d company's position to nui dat, the open country between the base and rubber plantation, plus it was not yet dark. with 5 rar back at nui dat, jackson ordered it to take over the defensive positions normally occupied by 6 rar, while deploying a platoon to the 1st apc squadron lines, and placing d company, 5 rar on one hour's notice to move if required. the remainder of the battalion prepared to repel any attack on nui dat or to pursue the vc if they withdrew.
no. 9 squadron raaf iroquois in vietnam
meanwhile, after departing d company's position, the two sections from 12 platoon moved south towards the sound of firing heard approximately 400 metres (440 yd) away. unaware of the exact position of 11 platoon, sabben instead located the rubber tapper's hut (previously assaulted by sharp in the opening phases of the battle). as they advanced, they were forced to fight off an attack on their right flank, before eventually pushing forward another 100 metres (110 yd). by this time, the vc had succeeded in pushing behind 11 platoon in an effort to outflank them, and a large force clashed with 12 platoon as they attempted to come to their aid. advancing from the north, two vc platoons then assaulted the australians, who were now heavily engaged from three directions. meeting a similar fate to 10 platoon, sabben's men were forced to ground 150 metres (160 yd) short of their objective, and were themselves in danger of being encircled. sustaining increasing casualties, they clashed with several groups of vc trying to move around their western flank to get between 11 and 12 platoon and form a cut-off force prior to mounting a frontal assault. in so doing, 12 platoon succeeded in opening a path to 11 platoon, yet after 45 minutes under fire sabben was unable to advance any further, and with the rain reducing visibility to just 70 metres (77 yd) he was unsure of buick's location.
at 18:00 two raaf uh-1b iroquois piloted by flight lieutenants cliff dohle and frank riley arrived over d company's location with the ammunition resupply, and guided by red smoke thrown by the infantry, they hovered in the heavy rain just above the rubber trees near a small clearing. because they were to be dropped from some height, the wooden outer crates—which were still banded with metal straps—were wrapped in blankets for the wounded. aboard the helicopters the 6 rar regimental sergeant major, warrant officer class one george chinn, and the officer commanding administration company, major owen o'brien, pushed the crates out to the soldiers waiting below, many of whom were now very low on ammunition. the boxes landed in the centre of the position and the raaf pilots were later praised for their skill and daring. riley was later awarded the distinguished flying cross, while dohle was mentioned in despatches (mid). yet, without tools to cut the straps, the infantry had to smash the crates open using machetes or the butts of their rifles to get to the inner metal boxes. under heavy fire warrant officer class two jack kirby, the company sergeant major, and sergeant neill rankin, the 12 platoon sergeant, began to distribute the ammunition. however, while the machine-gun rounds were pre-loaded in belts, the rifle rounds were still in bandoliers, complicating kirby's job and forcing the soldiers to reload their own magazines as they struggled to keep the ammunition clean in the mud and rain. the resupply retrieved the situation for d company. prior to its arrival they had been down to their last 100 rounds, but with it complete the australians resumed firing, forcing the vc back for a third time.
d company regroups [ edit ]
despite being exposed to heavy fire from three sides, 11 platoon had maintained its position for over two hours, narrowly holding off the vc with small arms fire and massive artillery support. however, many of the platoon had been killed or wounded, while most of the survivors were now out of ammunition. to their rear sabben threw yellow smoke in the hope it would be seen through the trees by the beleaguered platoon. finally, with the close artillery fire causing heavy casualties among the assaulting vc, buick decided to take advantage of a temporary lull in the fighting to achieve a clean break. intending to withdraw 100 to 150 metres (110 to 160 yd) west to regroup, on his signal the platoon rose to their feet. one of the australians was immediately shot and killed as he did so, while two more were wounded before they reached a position of temporary safety. from this location buick could see yellow smoke 75 to 100 metres (82 to 109 yd) away, and believing it to be smith's headquarters, 11 platoon moved towards it calling out to identify themselves as they approached. locating 12 platoon instead, but still finding themselves heavily engaged, the two platoons then moved back to the company position covered by the artillery and torrential rain. by 18:10 d company had reformed, while the vc appeared to have momentarily broken contact. having concentrated his company, smith began to re-organise it into a position of all-round defence.
smith attempted to place his depleted platoons into a defendable position, yet d company's location had been dictated by the actions of the vc and the need to care for the wounded, and as a result they had little choice of where to make their stand. however, with the australians occupying a shallow fold in the ground on a reverse slope the terrain proved decisive. against this position the vc found it difficult to use their heavy calibre weapons effectively and could only engage at close range. meanwhile, the jungle covered nui dat 2 feature lay 1,000 metres (1,100 yd) to the north-east, while an impenetrable wall of thick bamboo and scrub abutted the lower slopes to its west, following the northern edge of the rubber plantation 200 metres (220 yd) from d company's position, running north-east to west. in contrast, the remainder of the position faced the relatively open rubber plantation. believing the northern approach unsuitable for a major assault, smith assessed the most likely vc course of action to be a frontal assault from the east, or a flanking attack from either the south or south-west. as a consequence, he placed 10 and 12 platoons in positions on the southern and eastern flanks, while the badly mauled 11 platoon was allocated a position to the north-west. company headquarters was located in the south-west. during the lull, smith walked around the position to gain an understanding of the situation and check the wounded. with one platoon almost destroyed, and the other two at approximately 75 percent strength, d company had been battered but morale remained high. while smith tied in the platoons, kirby completed the distribution of ammunition and stanley plotted new defensive fire tasks for the artillery.
the respite proved only brief as the vc soon located the australian position. at 18:20 they re-engaged d company with concentrated machine-gun fire from the east and south-east as they reorganised for a further attack. movement was soon detected through the trees; however, at a distance of 150 to 200 metres (160 to 220 yd) the australians thought they may have been b company, and only engaged the viet cong as they moved out of range to the north. by following up the withdrawal of 12 platoon and conducting a number of probes, the attackers succeeded in confirming d company's position. a company-sized vc force subsequently formed up to their south on a broad frontage which threatened to engulf them. the assault commenced at 18:35, with several bugle blasts marking the beginning of a series of human wave attacks against d company. well spaced, the assault force stepped-off at a fast walk supported by a company in reserve which moved 90 metres (98 yd) to their rear. yet as they did so an accurate barrage from the australian artillery fell among them, effectively destroying the rear echelon. the assault force continued on regardless, only to be engaged with small arms just 50 metres (55 yd) from the forward australian positions. lacking any reserve, the assault was rapidly halted, although many of the unwounded attackers then attempted to crawl around the d company perimeter, from where they engaged the defenders individually, while snipers fired from the trees.
a second assault soon began advancing over the same ground, only to again be hit by artillery, with those unscathed going to ground among the increasing dead and wounded. as they moved forward, they were joined by some of the survivors of the first assault and together attempted to roll over the australians. the vc then tried to site another heavy machine-gun just 50 metres (55 yd) from the d company perimeter, but kirby personally moved out and killed the crew. despite their casualties, heavy attacks continued amid the rain, supported by machine-guns. the main attacks came from the east, south-east and south, falling on 10 and 12 platoons, while smaller attacks were carried out around the rest of the perimeter. however, due to the slope of the ground, much of the fire passed over the heads of the defenders. the slope likewise screened the advancing vc, preventing either side from effectively firing on the other until the vc closed within 50 metres. few survived the heavy artillery fire to get that close. meanwhile, the vc had set up a light and a heavy machine-gun on the forward slopes of nui dat 2 and these continued to engage the australians throughout the battle. yet, while they were able to achieve plunging fire from this vantage point, they were unable to observe d company's position through the rubber and so were reduced to sweeping a broad area. australian casualties included four killed and several wounded during this period, the majority from head and chest wounds.
a company and 3 troop fight through [ edit ]
by 18:45, nearly two and a half hours after the battle began, d company had succeeded in moving into an all-round defensive position. with the australians concentrated, they threw back a heavy attack from the south-east, and then further thrusts from the east, north-east and south in close succession. yet with d company unable to manoeuvre, the initiative lay with the vc, and the massed artillery of 1 atf was required to keep them at bay, with the main role of the infantry increasingly becoming one of protecting their forward observer. indeed, stanley's efforts remained crucial to the survival of d company; and with the platoons now co-located, his job became easier. he was able to observe their positions for himself, rather than relying on the reports of the infantry, and subsequently brought the fire to within 25 to 30 metres (82 to 98 ft) of the forward positions. at least one round landed within the d company perimeter, wounding one of the defenders. but the close fire devastated the vc ranks. nonetheless, d company was heavily outnumbered, and as they awaited another assault their destruction seemed imminent. the fate of the battle now rested on whether they were strong enough to repel those vc penetrating the barrage, until a relief force arrived. a simultaneous assault from multiple directions would divide the artillery and might allow a strong thrust to overrun the australian position. a fresh force was observed moving to the west, likely an attempt to encircle and cut off d company.
m113 similar to those at long tan
meanwhile, the progress of the relief force had been slowed by several factors, including flooding from the heavy rain, vc action, poor equipment, limited communications, and an ambiguous command relationship between the armour and infantry. although normally having a strength of 13 apcs, 3 troop had been reduced to just seven, with the remainder undergoing maintenance, while many of those available suffered from mechanical problems and obsolete radios. as a consequence, they were augmented by three vehicles from 2 troop, although these lacked gun shields, leaving the crew commander exposed. mounted in the carriers, 100 men from a company 6 rar departed nui dat under command of mollison, with orders to relieve the pressure on d company by attacking from the south and then to reinforce them and secure the area to allow the evacuation of the wounded. however, with few gaps in the nui dat perimeter wide enough for the apcs, roberts was forced to take a circuitous route south-east through the base. on arrival, he found the exit had moved due to road works being carried out by the engineers, and this resulted in further delay until an alternative was located. at 17:55, after finally clearing the wire, roberts was ordered to send two apcs back for townsend and to wait until he came up, as he intended to accompany the carriers rather than move by helicopter. detaching two apcs, roberts ignored the second part of the order and the remainder of the troop proceeded, leaving nui dat at 18:00.
as the rain began, roberts moved along the edge of the rubber plantation north-east of long phước in column towards the heavily swollen suối da bang. the terracing of the paddy fields resulted in a steep drop to the creek and a difficult climb out; however, using a bullock track alongside a dam (which he had previously utilised during operation hardihood), roberts began to swim the carriers across the water despite a fast moving current threatening to wash them downstream. at 18:10, roberts was ordered for a second time to halt and wait for townsend. continuing to monitor d company's situation over the radio, he again chose to disregard the order. mollison concurred, and they proceeded to cross the creek. after crossing without incident, roberts left one carrier and its infantry to secure the point (and to act as a guide for townsend), while the remaining seven apcs moved towards the battle. advancing another 1 kilometre (0.62 mi), by 18:20 they reached the junction of route 52 and the road running north-west through the plantation. this road led directly to the fighting; using it as his centre axis, roberts deployed one section of three apcs on the right commanded by sergeant ron richards and one on the left under sergeant leslie o'reilly, each with two vehicles forward and one back evenly spaced 40 metres (44 yd) apart, while he remained in the centre moving astride the road. at 18:22 they began to advance on a 300-metre (330 yd) frontage, only to again be ordered by radio to halt and wait for townsend. with sunset due at 19:11 and darkness already beginning to fall due to the heavy rain clouds overhead, roberts once more decided to press on.
the relief force moved into the plantation in open formation, unaware of the location of d company or the vc. with visibility limited by the low vegetation of the young rubber trees and the heavy rain, they suddenly encountered a company moving west in arrowhead dressed in greens, cloth hats and webbing. uncertain of their identity, the australians paused. realising they were vc attempting to outflank d company to attack it from the rear, lieutenant peter dinham—commander 2 platoon travelling in the right-hand apc—ordered the crew commander to engage, and was soon joined by the rest of the troop. the rain had masked their approach and the vc—later identified as the d445 battalion weapons company—were caught by surprise as the cavalry crashed into their flank. recovering rapidly though, they returned a heavy volume of machine-gun fire, covering their casualties as they were dragged to the rear. platoon sergeant frank alcorta had been travelling on top of the overcrowded carrier and was forced to jump clear to avoid being hit. dinham ordered the rear door open and the remainder of the men in the apc—consisting of platoon headquarters and one section—disembarked to protect him. moving into extended line, they advanced, engaging the vc and causing heavy casualties. the spontaneous assault caught them by surprise, adding to their growing disorder. however, as the fighting continued it further delayed the advance of the relief force, and with roberts concerned the presence of the infantry forward of the carriers would prevent them employing their heavy weapons, he called to mollison to order their return. after re-embarking the infantry, 3 troop resumed the advance, breaking into the vc force as it streamed west, firing their .50 calibre machine-guns while the infantry engaged with small arms from the open hatches. d445 battalion was routed and forced to withdraw east, having lost an estimated 40 killed, while one australian was wounded.
3 troop continued forward in assault formation, moving deeper into the plantation. as they went, the young rubber gave way to more mature trees approximately 10 metres (33 ft) high, improving visibility and allowing them to increase speed. meanwhile, by 18:30 b company was also drawing near on foot, and observed the vc moving around the western flank, likely to escape the apcs. shortly after, they were accidentally engaged by the cavalry themselves and lost one man wounded. after moving a further 200 metres (220 yd), the relief force came out of the tree-line and were confronted by groups of 8 to 10 vc moving east, in total about 100 men, believed to be the lead elements of the force that had just been struck, now withdrawing in the opposite direction after abandoning its attempt to outflank d company. the apcs opened fire, engaging their flank with heavy machine-guns. a number were hit while others turned to engage the cavalry as it closed with them. a 57 mm rcl then fired on one of the apcs at close range with the round narrowly missing and blowing apart a tree which fell across the vehicle. the crew commander, corporal john carter, engaged the anti-armour team from the top of the apc as they reloaded, but his .50 calibre machine-gun jammed as they fired again, and he killed two of them with his owen gun from just 15 to 20 metres (16 to 22 yd). the second rcl round subsequently detonated against the fallen tree, saving both the vehicle and its occupants. despite being dazed, carter killed three more vc soldiers as he scrambled back into the carrier, which was now without communications following the destruction of its aerial. by drawing further fire he allowed the remainder of the troop to advance, and for his actions was later awarded the distinguished conduct medal (dcm).
the potential presence of a second rcl team sited in mutual support forced the cavalry to halt, once again. concerned about the danger of bypassing an anti-armour weapon only to be engaged from the rear, roberts ordered the troop to scan the area. frustrated by the delay, mollison demanded roberts continue the advance, and an argument broke out between the two. as commander of the apcs, roberts ignored the senior ranking mollison, refusing to continue until he either located the weapon or was confident the threat did not exist. after a five-minute delay, with no weapon located, the australians moved off again. a machine-gun then engaged three of the apcs in the left hand section, none of which had gun shields. one of the crew commanders was fatally wounded and the vehicle forced to a halt, but not before the vc machine-gunner was crushed to death by the driver. under heavy fire, the troop sergeant ran between the carriers to take command of the apc, after roberts ordered him to return to nui dat due to the mistaken belief some of the infantry on board had also been wounded. despite mollison's objections, the vehicle departed, taking the headquarters of one of the infantry platoons with it. still uncertain of the location of d company, roberts was forced to closely control the fire of the troop due to the concern any survivors might be hit by overshoots from the armoured vehicle's heavy machine-guns. at the same time, the infantry continued to engage from the rear of the vehicles. a further 45 vc were estimated to have been killed during this action.
d company reinforced [ edit ]
unaware of the hold up on the left flank, the right hand section of apcs continued to advance. pressing on, the section crossed a small track and moved through the artillery fire called in by smith on d445 battalion as it had attempted to outflank d company. as they moved closer to d company the carriers were engaged by small arms and rpgs, one of which exploded near the tracks of one of the advancing apcs, albeit without doing any damage. the three carriers soon located d company and continued forward, firing in support of the beleaguered defenders. on seeing the carriers approaching through the trees many of the men from d company stood and cheered. yet after realising his section was on its own, richards decided to disembark 2 platoon before looping back through the artillery fire to rejoin the troop. meanwhile, after completing the final stretch of the advance on foot dinham moved his platoon to a position on d company's eastern flank and started to dig-in, awaiting the arrival of the remainder of a company. to the west roberts and the three remaining carriers of 3 troop had resumed the advance and linked up with richards at a junction in the road 300 metres (330 yd) south-west of d company. townsend arrived with elements of his headquarters aboard three more m113s at 18:50. following a number of uncoordinated manoeuvres by the apcs townsend took command, and with the light failing he ordered roberts to assault from the west into the flank of the main viet cong force.
bolstered to nine m113s, 3 troop again moved forward through the artillery fire with roberts spreading the additional apcs across the rear of his formation for depth. utilising a track as a guide he reformed the troop into a wide assault formation. beginning the advance at 18:55, 3 troop prepared for a frontal assault on the vc force. continuing past d company to their left, the relief force moved forward rapidly, firing their machine-guns. a brief but heavy engagement occurred, with the vc responding with automatic fire, including tracer and explosive rounds, which enveloped 3 troop from their front and left, but was mostly high. arriving at a crucial point in the fighting, the relief force turned the tide of the battle. the vc had been massing for another assault which would likely have destroyed d company, yet the additional firepower and mobility of the armoured force broke their will to fight, forcing them to break contact and begin to withdraw as night approached. at 19:00 the 32 men from b company finally entered d company's position, even as the cavalry continued to assault the viet cong. after a long approach under mortar fire and the threat of ambush by a superior force, smith placed ford on the western side of the d company defensive position to act as a screen to allow them to treat their wounded and prepare to resist a counter-attack. 3 troop swept forward with the apcs continuing to assault a further 500 metres (550 yd) before townsend ordered their return. turning north-west, roberts moved back to the company location at 19:10. yet even as they did so the vc continued to attack from the north-east, although this too was soon broken off.
linking up with d company, the apcs moved through the company position. around the perimeter the australians engaged the withdrawing vc, while the apcs moved into a line from north to south on the eastern side of the company position. a company disembarked and took up firing positions between the vehicles, joining 2 platoon. the artillery had been almost constant throughout the battle and had prevented d company from being destroyed. by 19:15 the firing had ceased and as darkness fell they prepared for the vc to mount another attack. although snipers continued to engage the australians there were no further assaults and the battle came to a conclusion. the apcs formed a hollow square around d company. with the vc at least temporarily driven off, the australian position was now more strongly held and additional ammunition had been brought in by the apcs, but it was now dark and they would be unable to receive further reinforcement, while the ability of the vc to mount a night attack was unknown. meanwhile, the expenditure of artillery ammunition had been high and an urgent demand for 1,000 rounds was submitted by 1st field regiment, raa at 19:30 in case the fighting continued. however, with arrangements for the emergency aerial resupply of nui dat by night still being worked out, and with a road resupply by 1 alsg in danger of being ambushed, it took several hours for the rounds to be loaded and delivered by ch-47 chinook from vũng tàu.
townsend assumed command as the defenders regrouped, while kirby co-ordinated the collection of the dead and wounded. at 20:50 townsend radioed jackson, reporting that one of his platoons had been destroyed and that d company was "non-effective", with five dead, 16 wounded and 16 men still missing. vc losses were believed to have been heavy; however, with no confirmed casualty figures it was beginning to look to the australians like they had suffered a major defeat. the two officers agreed it would be impossible to secure the battlefield or to attempt to locate the missing from 11 platoon in the darkness, and after it became clear the vc were not going to counter-attack, townsend ordered a withdrawal to a position 750 metres (820 yd) to the west from where their casualties could be evacuated. handling the dead and wounded proved a slow process but with the casualties finally loaded onto the carriers d company left at 22:45, while b and a companies departed on foot 45 minutes later. roberts established a landing zone by forming a square and illuminated it with the interior lights of the apcs by opening their top hatches. the artillery ceased as the evacuation commenced with the first casualties taken out by a us army dustoff helicopter, while the remainder were extracted by six uh-1b iroquois from no. 9 squadron raaf. despite being slowed by the requirement for the helicopters to land without lights, the operation went smoothly and was finally completed after midnight. the last of the casualties were taken out by 00:34, and were flown to the australian hospital at vũng tàu.
during the night the artillery continued to fire on likely vc forming-up points, although 11 platoon's final position was avoided for fear of hitting any survivors. meanwhile, us aircraft bombed likely withdrawal routes to the east. forming a defensive position ready to repulse an expected attack the australians remained overnight, enduring the cold and heavy rain. although they were now in a better position to hold off any subsequent attack, further reinforcement from 1 atf at night would be difficult and was therefore unlikely. yet with the vc spent no further attack was mounted. smith and townsend spent the night in the back of one of the carriers planning the clearance of the battlefield and follow-up of the vc, which was scheduled for the following day under the codename operation smithfield. jackson stipulated the force was to remain within artillery range, but would otherwise have freedom of action to complete the exploitation over the next two to three days. townsend requested the remaining apcs bring out 6 rar headquarters, c company and a section of mortars the following morning, while d company, 5 rar would also be placed under his command for the operation. however, with a company from 5 rar still in bình ba, the bulk of 1 atf's remaining combat power would be deployed as part of the clearance, leaving just two infantry companies from 5 rar to defend nui dat. smith was determined to recover the missing from 11 platoon, and despite its losses, d company would lead the assault.
clearing the battlefield, 19–21 august 1966 [ edit ]
australian soldiers and m113 apcs during operation smithfield
by morning the weather had cleared. at 06:55 the remainder of 6 rar departed nui dat with 2 troop, 1st apc squadron, while d company, 5 rar departed at the same time aboard several us army helicopters. meanwhile, at 07:40 jackson arrived at 6 rar's night location to observe the clearance, flying in as townsend gave orders for the operation. stepping off at 08:45, the australians returned to the battlefield in strength, while artillery and airstrikes continued to hit the area. the battalion group moved in a "two up" formation with d company, 5 rar and d company, 6 rar both mounted in apcs as the forward left and forward right assault companies, followed by a, b and c companies in depth, each dismounted. the assault companies planned to sweep the area then dismount and commence a detailed search, while the others would clear the surrounding features and begin the follow-up. moving cautiously in case the vc launched a counter-attack, they advanced on an axis following the route used by d company, 6 rar the previous day. the battlefield was a scene of devastation, with many of the rubber trees stripped of leaves and branches and bleeding sap, while the area around d company's final position was heavily cratered. at 09:21 d company, 5 rar reported finding the body of a dead vc soldier; while half an hour later d company, 6 rar found 12 to 15 more. a large number of vc dead were subsequently found around the area, including a 60 mm mortar crew killed by indirect fire. at 10:20 a bulldozer was requested to bury the bodies of approximately 100 vc soldiers.
as the scale of the vc's losses were revealed, it became clear d company had won a significant victory. by late morning, a total of 113 bodies and two wounded had been found, while numerous drag marks and blood trails indicated many more casualties had been moved the previous night. with the clearance continuing, two wounded vc still bearing arms were killed by d company, 6 rar after they moved to engage them, while in a separate incident another wounded soldier was also killed. a third wounded vc was later captured; and all three wounded were given first aid then being evacuated.[note 4] these events later caused controversy when journalist ian mackay published claims in 1968 that the australians had deliberately killed unarmed vc wounded, citing a "witness" to the alleged incident; while a major newspaper stated they had killed wounded "civilians". an official investigation determined the allegations were exaggerated and based on hearsay, with the soldier claimed as the source found not to have been present during the fighting and those killed confirmed to have been armed. similar accusations were made in 1986 by terry burstall, a former d company soldier, who claimed up to 17 wounded vc had been executed, although they were also refuted and his credibility challenged. in 2000, buick admitted in his memoirs to having killed a mortally wounded soldier the day after the battle as an act of mercy. burstall argued this may have constituted a breach of the geneva convention; while buick's decision to publish the book was questioned by john heslewood, the president of the australian long tan association and a private in 11 platoon during the battle.[193] mollison later also criticised buick's actions. in his 2015 autobiography, harry smith states that two mortally wounded vc soldiers were killed on 19 august out of compassion, one by buick and another by a soldier from a company, 6 rar.
an australian soldier on the long tan battlefield during 19 august
meanwhile, at 11:00 6 rar reported they had located the missing men from 11 platoon, their bodies found lying in a straight line where they had been killed, largely undisturbed and still holding their weapons. the majority were from 6 section, which had been the first to be hit. one of the men was found to have survived despite his wounds, having spent the night on the battlefield in close proximity to the vc as they attempted to evacuate their own casualties. earlier, another wounded soldier had been found nearby, leaning against a tree but still alive. both were evacuated, and later recuperated in hospital. thirteen australian dead were also recovered, accounting for all the missing. as the search continued, vc dead were found up to 500 metres (550 yd) south-east of the position reached by 11 platoon. a large bunker complex was uncovered consisting of 200 pits with overhead protection sufficient for a battalion; however, its layout suggested it had been constructed as a defensive position rather than for an ambush. a further position of 100 pits was also found to the east. by 14:35, the total number of vc dead was reported as 168, while a large amount of weapons and equipment were also uncovered, including assault rifles, mortars, light machine guns, submachine guns, an rcl, plus ammunition and grenades. by 18:10, the figure had risen to 188 vc dead, with shallow graves dug by the australians to bury them where they were found.
due to the likely presence of a significant force nearby, the australians remained cautious as they searched for the vc. over the next two days, they continued to clear the battlefield, uncovering more dead as they did so. yet, with up to two vc battalions still believed to be in the area and the continued vulnerability of nui dat to attack from the 274th regiment, jackson lacked the resources to pursue the withdrawing force. company patrols continued to search up to 1,500 metres (1,600 yd) east, and to the north of nui dat 2. the search area was subsequently expanded to include that contested during operation hobart. several tracks were found with telephone cables running along them, as well as further drag marks, blood stains, discarded equipment, fresh graves and evidence of use by heavy cart and foot traffic. the main vc withdrawal route was discovered after midday on 19 august, moving east away from the scene of the fighting. townsend requested permission to follow it, believing he had sufficient forces, but jackson would only permit 6 rar to advance a further 1,000 metres (1,100 yd), remaining within artillery cover, and would not allow the guns to move forward to increase the range of their protective fire. by 20 august, the australians had counted 245 vc dead, while scores more were found later. up to four weeks after the battle, decomposed bodies were found in the area, while numerous graves were also located, none of which were included in the estimates of vc losses. the bodies found later brought the total to about 300 dead.[note 5] d company, 5 rar returned to nui dat early on 21 august, while d company, 6 rar was also withdrawn for two days leave in vung tau.
the rest of 6 rar continued the search, with a company discovering a series of freshly built and recently abandoned hides along the vc withdrawal route, which were believed to have been prepared as delay positions. an older defensive position of approximately 40 pits was also found; while c company located a makeshift hospital close by containing 14 graves. both had recently been occupied. later, an australian oh-13 reported the presence of scattered groups of civilians, with the largest numbering 30 to 40 people—mostly women with baskets and bags, while others had ox carts—believed to be carrying medical supplies. these reports were followed up by the 1st apc squadron and a number of military age males were detained for questioning. the infantry companies completed their search by midday, moving to the edge of the rubber plantation, 500 metres (550 yd) north-east of long tân. smithfield concluded at 17:00, with the australians returning to nui dat by helicopter and apc by 17:30. they had hoped to catch the remnants of the vc force before they could reach their mountain sanctuaries, but the operation proved unsuccessful in preventing their withdrawal. a number of australian officers later questioned the caution with which it was conducted. yet jackson had been unable to mount a pursuit due to the continued threat posed by the 274th regiment, which was still believed to be in the area. with 1 atf lacking the resources required for such an operation, the opportunity to trap and destroy the vc while they were still vulnerable was lost and they made good their escape.
aftermath [ edit ]
casualties [ edit ]
corporal buddy lea, who was wounded in the battle, holding a photo of his daughter
vc and pavn casualties were claimed by the australian army to have numbered 245 dead left on the battlefield and three captured, while many more were thought to have been removed as they withdrew. others were so badly mutilated their remains were unidentifiable. approximately half were believed to have been caused by artillery and the remainder by small arms. the initial estimate was given by an australian army spokesman, and some participants in the battle regarded these figures as inflated. these figures however are directly disputed by many individuals present at the battle, with reports by a d company commander stating actual body counts as no more than 50. the official history of the d445 battalion and 275th regiment records either 30 or 47 were killed in total, primarily by artillery fire.[2] another estimate was 150 according to colonel bao who was overall district commander, but did not directly participate alongside battle commander nguyen thanh hong.
the australians estimated the vc had evacuated up to a further 350 casualties, including an unknown number of dead buried along the withdrawal route. with such losses representing the operational strength of two battalions, australian intelligence later assessed that the 275th regiment—which had borne the brunt of the fighting—would be incapable of mounting a regimental-sized operation for several months. this is directly contradicted by 275th regiment commanders, whom had carried out attacks against arvn 18th divisions positions a week later meanwhile, d445 battalion—thought to have played a supporting role and have suffered less heavily—was assessed as still capable of engaging forces up to company size, with a remaining strength of 300 men.[note 6] mcnieill states that this was based on the capture of the diary of the battle commander nguyen thoi bung, who later became the deputy defense minister of vietnam; however, according to ernest chamberlain this has not yet been corroborated by actual documentation.[10] a captured soldier from the battle stated d445 battalion's casualties had been 70 killed and 100 wounded. whether the combat effectiveness of d445 and the 275th regiment was actually eroded is also in dispute, as the d445 unit were redeployed in september and october against the newly deployed 11th armored cavalry taskforce, while the 275th were combat-capable a week later.
total vc/nva losses was alleged to have been higher, with 1 atf reportedly uncovering documents during operation marsden in 1969 which listed 878 killed, died of wounds or missing and 1,500 wounded. weapons captured included 33 ak-47s, seven rpd light machine-guns, five sks assault rifles, four rpg-2 launchers, two 57 mm rcls, two m1 carbines, a ppsh-41, thompson submachine-gun, browning automatic rifle, m1 garand, and an sgm heavy machine-gun. more than 10,500 rounds of small arms ammunition was also recovered, as well as 300 hand grenades, 40 mortar bombs, 28 rpg-2 rockets, and 22 rcl rounds. corroboration of these accounts is not yet factually supported.[10] australian losses amounted to 17 killed, one died of wounds, and 24 wounded: approximately one third of the initial force engaged.[note 7] a high proportion were national servicemen, drawing criticism in australia where conscription for overseas service was increasingly controversial. the government later limited the number of conscripts to no more than 50 percent of a unit, requiring a rapid and disruptive reorganisation within 1 atf.
recognition [ edit ]
in the aftermath, both sides claimed success. heralded as an australian victory against overwhelming odds, the battle was widely covered in the western press, making headlines in australia and the united states. 1 atf received congratulatory messages from the us, south vietnamese and australian military commands in vietnam, and from prime minister harold holt in the following days, while general william westmoreland considered it one of the more spectacular allied victories to that point in the war, coming after the early successes against the vc/pavn offensive had passed. yet despite their losses, the vc also claimed to have inflicted a heavy defeat on the australians. shortly afterwards, leaflets circulated the province stating that "700 australians were killed, one battalion and two companies were destroyed, and two squadrons of apcs". similar claims were repeated on radio hanoi on 27 august 1966, and the day after on radio peking. in contrast, the vietnamese history of dong nai province published in 1986 gave the battle little attention, claiming to have "eliminated 500 australians and destroyed 21 tanks" while their own losses were not recorded. d445 battalion later received a pavn heroic unit citation, and the 275th regiment may have been given a similar award. many vc soldiers were also awarded certificates of commendation for their role in the fighting.
australian troops with weapons captured at long tan
d company, 6 rar was awarded a us presidential unit citation by lyndon johnson on 28 may 1968. the royal australian regiment and 3rd cavalry regiment were later awarded the battle honour "long tan", one of only five presented to australian units during the war. commonwealth decorations were made to 17 australians and new zealanders, including smith who received the military cross (mc), kirby the dcm, stanley the order of the british empire, buick the military medal, and roberts, kendall and sabben who were mid. both townsend and jackson later received the distinguished service order (dso), although these were made on the basis of their entire period in command, not solely for actions during the battle. south vietnamese gallantry medals were also awarded to 22 australians, but due to official policy regarding foreign awards they were not permitted to wear them until 2004. the limited number of awards later became the subject of considerable criticism. at the time, the allocation of medals under the imperial honours system was based on a quota, resulting in many of the original recommendations being downgraded or not awarded, with smith initially nominated for the dso, sabben and kendall the mc, and sharp a posthumous mid. in 2008, a review recommended awards made to three officers be upgraded to the equivalent medals in the modern australian honours system. smith was subsequently awarded the star of gallantry, and kendall and sabben the medal for gallantry (mg). following further review in 2009, dohle received the distinguished service medal, while d company, 6 rar was presented a unit citation for gallantry on 18 august 2011. another review in 2016 led to awards to ten more soldiers, including roberts, alcorta and lance corporal barry magnussen who received the mg, and sharp and six others a commendation for gallantry.
on 18 august 1969, 6 rar erected the long tan cross on the battlefield.[230]
controversies [ edit ]
in 2015, the commander of 6 rar harry smith published long tan, the start of a lifelong battle in which he accuses several senior officers of fabricating claims about the battle from brigadier oliver jackson and colonel townsend, including fabrication of the presence of colonel townsend and other officers about being present at the battle.[232] fabrications were reported and published in the official history of the battle, and led to what was regarded as disingenuous and self-serving. this includes deliberate inflation of enemy dead by army spokesmen and others alongside embellish
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ɔˈstreɪljə həz bɪn ˈlɪstɪd ɛz ə pəˈtɛnʃəl "ˈɛnəmi əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt". rɪˈpɔrtərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈbɔrdərz həz riˈlist ɪts ˈænjuəl əv ðə internet”*” lɪst ənd ˌɔlˈðoʊ ɔˈstreɪljə ɪz nɑt ɔn ðə əˈfɪʃəl lɪst, wi ər ɔn ðɛr ˈreɪˌdɑr. ɔˈstreɪljə wɑz ˈædɪd tɪ ə lɪst əv ˈkəntriz ðət wər surveillance”*” du tɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ənˈwɪlɪŋnɪs tɪ əˈfɪʃəli skræp ɪts ˈnæʃənəl ˈsɛnsərˌʃɪp skim, dɪˈspaɪt ɪts ˈmæsɪv ənˌpɑpjəˈlɛrɪti. ðə əv ðə ˈfɪltərɪŋ skim ənd ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz ˈbrɔdənd ðə skoʊp əv ɪts criteria”*” wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ə kɔz fər kənˈsərn. ˈəðər ˈkəntriz ɔn ðə wɔʧ lɪst ˌɪnˈklud saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə, ˈrəʃə, ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə ənd ˈiʤɪpt ɛz ˈneɪʃənz ðət ər kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ə θrɛt tɪ dɪˈmɑkrəsi ənd ˈfridəm əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. ˈbaɪˌpæs ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈstætəs kwoʊ, ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈɪndəstri əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˌɪntrəˈdust ə ˈvɑləntɛri ˈsɪstəm ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ læst jɪr, beɪst ɔn ˈblæˌklɪst ˈrəðər ðən ðə wən kəmˈpaɪld baɪ ðə ɔˈstreɪljən kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ənd ˈmidiə əˈθɔrəti (acma*), ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈbɑdi riˈspɑnsəbəl fər censorship,”*,” rɪˈpɔrtərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈbɔrdərz roʊt ɔn ɪts ˈwɛbˌsaɪt. bɑˈreɪn, ənd ˌbɛlɑˈrʊs wər ˈædɪd tɪ ðɪs əˈfɪʃəl əv ðə internet”*” lɪst du tɪ ðɛr ˈdræstɪk ˈkɑntɛnt ˈfɪltərɪŋ ənd ˈmɑnətərɪŋ əv dissidents”*”, ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ˈkəntriz səʧ ɛz ˈʧaɪnə, ˈkjubə, ˈbərmə, ˈsɔdiə əˈreɪbiə, viˌɛtˈnɑm ənd ˈsɪriə. ˈlɪˌbiə ənd ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə wər drɑpt frəm ðə lɪst əv ˈkəntriz ðət wər ˈəndər sərˈveɪləns, waɪl ˈɪndiə ənd ˌkɑzɑkˈstɑn wər ˈædɪd tɪ ɪt. kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈmɪnɪstər ˈstivən ˈspoʊkspərsən toʊld ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈteɪbəld ðə ɔˈstreɪljən lɔ rɪˈfɔrm ˌrivˈju əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən skim. rɪˈpɔrt wɪl bi ˈteɪkən ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt baɪ ðə kənˈvərʤəns ˌrivˈju, wɪʧ ɪz du tɪ səbˈmɪt ɪts oʊn ˈfaɪnəl rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt baɪ ðə ɛnd əv mɑrʧ fər rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə rɪˈpɔrt wɪl əˈkər əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ɪts kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ðə kənˈvərʤəns review,”*,” ðə ˈspoʊksmən sɛd. ˈriˌteɪl ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz ˈtɛlstrə, ˈɑptəs ənd ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈblɑkɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərˌpoʊl of’*’ lɪst ənd ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪnˈkərəʤəz ɔl tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt tɪ prɪˈvɛnt, dɪˈtər ənd dɪsˈrəpt ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ʧaɪld ˌɛkˌsplɔɪˈteɪʃən material.”*.” rɛd ðə fʊl rɪˈpɔrt hir.
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australia has been listed as a potential "enemy of the internet".
reporters without borders has released its annual “enemies of the internet” list - and although australia is not on the official list, we are on their radar.
australia was added to a list of countries that were “under surveillance” due to the federal government’s unwillingness to officially scrap its national censorship scheme, despite its massive unpopularity.
the non-transparency of the filtering scheme and the fact that the government has broadened the scope of its “classified criteria” was also a cause for concern.
other countries on the watch list include south korea, russia, sri lanka and egypt as nations that are considered to be a threat to democracy and freedom of information.
“to bypass the political status quo, members of the internet industry association introduced a voluntary system in july last year, based on interpol’s blacklist rather than the one compiled by the australian communications and media authority (acma), the official body responsible for censorship,” reporters without borders wrote on its website.
bahrain, and belarus were added to this year’s official “enemies of the internet” list due to their drastic content filtering and monitoring of “cyber dissidents”, joining countries such as china, cuba, burma, saudia arabia, vietnam and syria.
libya and venezuela were dropped from the list of countries that were under surveillance, while india and kazakhstan were added to it.
communications minister stephen conroy’s spokesperson told news.com.au the government tabled the australian law reform commission’s review of the national classification scheme.
“the report will be taken into account by the convergence review, which is due to submit its own final report to the government by the end of march for government’s response to the report will occur along with its consideration of the convergence review,” the spokesman said.
“three retail service providers - telstra, optus and cyberone - are already blocking the interpol ‘worst of’ list and the government encourages all rsps to participate to prevent, deter and disrupt the availability of child exploitation material.”
read the full report here.
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ˈbɔɪkɪn ˈædɪd, "aɪ tɔk tɪ ə lɔt əv foʊks hu doʊnt səˈpɔrt wɛr ˌoʊˈbɑmə ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri, bət ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ðeɪ kænt seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ." rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn ˈʃɑkɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts, ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʤərnəl ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ðət (wnd*) ɪz "ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt bɛst noʊn fər ˈpʊʃɪŋ ˌoʊˈbɑmə `birther*' kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz." ðæts ʤɪst ˈskræʧɪŋ ðə ˈsərfəs. ɪf jʊr nɑt fəˈmɪljər wɪθ, ɪts ə saɪt soʊ fɑr tɪ ðə raɪt ðət ɪt meɪk ðə fɑks nuz ˈʧænəl lʊks laɪk ðə ˈpipəlz ˈdeɪli wərld. ɪts əv kənˈspɪrəsi ˈθɪriz, ˈreɪsɪst ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd kookery*. ə ˈfleɪvər əv ðə saɪt kən pərˈhæps bi faʊnd ɪn səm ˈrisənt ˈhɛˌdlaɪnz: "ˈnuzˌpeɪpərz dɪˈrɛktɪd: ˈkəvərˌəp blæk ˈvaɪələns," "raɪət ˈwɔrnɪŋz ˈoʊvər kəts" ənd "kleɪm: ˌoʊˈbɑmə hɪd `geɪ laɪf' tɪ bɪˈkəm ˈprɛzɪdənt." ˈbɔɪkɪn əˈpɛrəntli həz ə ˈkoʊzi riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp wɪθ ðɪs ˈwækoʊ saɪt, ənd ˈfrikwɛntli rɪˈpɔrts ɔn hɪz ˈæntɪks. ɪn ðə wərld, ˈbɔɪkɪn ɪz pɔrˈtreɪd ɛz ə boʊld ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈwɔrjər ˈkɑnstəntli kɛpt daʊn baɪ appeasers*, geɪz, ˈsɛkjələrɪsts ənd ə bænd əv nəˈfɛriəs əˈmɛrɪkə ˈheɪtərz. ɪn ðə ril wərld əv ˈækʧəwəl fækts, ðə mæn ɪz ən ɪmˈbɛrəsmənt hu həz ˈətərd ə strɪŋ əv ɪkˈstrimɪst ˈsteɪtmənts. ˈbɔɪkɪn fərst keɪm tɪ əˈmɛrɪkənz juˈnaɪtədz əˈtɛnʃən bæk ɪn 2003 hi hæd ə ˈhæbət əv ˈwɛrɪŋ hɪz ˈjunəˌfɔrm tɪ ɪˈvɛnts wɛr hi wʊd bæʃ ˈməzlɪmz ənd ˈpɛdəl "ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈneɪʃən" ˈnɑnsɛns. ɪn wən keɪs, ðə waɪt haʊs hæd tɪ ˈɪʃu ə "ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɛsɪʤ" ˈdɪstənsɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf frəm wən əv rants*. hi wɑz ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈsæŋkʃənd fər hɪz ˈæntɪks wɪθ ə ˈpənɪʃmənt ðət wɑz dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz "əˈproʊpriˌeɪt" bət nɑt "sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt." əm nɑt ʃʊr waɪ ðə ˈɑrmi lɛt ˈbɔɪkɪn goʊ wɪθ ə slæp ɔn ðə rɪst. pərˈhæps əˈfɪʃəlz nu hi wʊd sun bi rɪˈtaɪrɪŋ. ɪn ˈɛni keɪs, ˈbɔɪkɪn dɪd liv ðə ˈɑrmi ənd ˈɛndɪd əp goʊɪŋ tɪ wərk fər ðə ɛz ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt. ðɛr hi həz kənˈtɪnjud tɪ ˈətər əˈfɛnsɪv ˈnɑnsɛns ɔn ə ˈrɛgjələr ˈbeɪsɪs. ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, ˈbɔɪkɪn fɪts raɪt ɪn æt ðə. əraʊnd ðə taɪm ˈbɔɪkɪn wɑz haɪərd æt ðə, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪt keɪm tɪ laɪt ðət hi hæd əˈkjuzd ˌoʊˈbɑmə əv ˈplɑtɪŋ ə "ˈmɑrksɪst ˌɪnˈsərʤənsi" bækt baɪ ə ˈsikrɪt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri fɔrs "ðət wʊd kənˈtroʊl ðə ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə." tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ˈbɔɪkɪn roʊt ə ˈkɑləm səˈʤɛstɪŋ ðət ˌɪsˈlɑm ˈɪzənt ˈfʊli ɛnˈtaɪtəld tɪ fərst əˈmɛndmənt prəˈtɛkʃənz. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɑrgjud ðət noʊ mɔr mɔsks ʃʊd bi bɪlt ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə. ðə həz bɪn ˈleɪbəld ə "heɪt grup" baɪ ðə ˈsəðərn ˈpɑvərti lɔ ˈsɛnər. ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs raɪt grup ʧeɪfs æt ðɪs ˌdɛzɪgˈneɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈsɪsts ðət ɪt ˈmɪrli prəˈvaɪdz ə vɔɪs fər ðə kənˈsərnz əv kənˈsərvətɪv ˈkrɪsʧɪnz. ˈæˌkʧuəli, ðə ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ə ˈfɔrəm fər vjuz ðət ər nɑt kənˈsərvətɪv bət riˈækʃəˌnɛri. ˈleɪtəst ˈaʊtˌbərst, wɪʧ əˈmaʊnts tɪ ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈwɪstfəl ˌrumɪˈneɪʃən ɔn ðə fækt ðət ɑr ˈstrəkʧər əv ˈgəvərnmənt prɪˈvɛnts ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kuz, ɪz jɛt wən mɔr ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðət. aɪ doʊnt kleɪm tɪ bi ən ˈɛkspərt ɔn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈɪʃuz. ə fju səˈmɛstərz əv ɪn ˈkɑlɪʤ wɑz ðə ˈkloʊsəst aɪ ˈɛvər keɪm tɪ ˈsərvɪŋ. bət aɪ du noʊ ðɪs: ðɛr ɪz ə tərm fər ˈpipəl hu sɪt əraʊnd ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ rɪˈgrɛt ˈoʊvər ðə fækt ðət ɑr ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈdəzənt hæv ðə paʊər tɪ ənˈsit ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪkli ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt baɪ fɔrs. ðeɪ ər kɔld ɪkˈstriməsts.
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boykin added, "i talk to a lot of folks who don't support where obama is taking the military, but in the military they can't say anything."
reporting on boykin's shocking comments, the national journal indicated that worldnetdaily (wnd) is "a website best known for pushing obama `birther' conspiracy theories."
that's just scratching the surface. if you're not familiar with worldnetdaily, it's a site so far to the right that it make the fox news channel looks like the people's daily world. it's chockfull of conspiracy theories, racist articles and all-around kookery.
a flavor of the site can perhaps be found in some recent headlines: "newspapers directed: cover-up black violence," "riot warnings over food-stamp cuts" and "claim: obama hid `gay life' to become president."
boykin apparently has a cozy relationship with this wacko site, and wnd frequently reports on his antics. in the wnd bizarro world, boykin is portrayed as a bold christian warrior constantly kept down by appeasers, gays, secularists and a band of nefarious america haters.
in the real world of actual facts, the man is an embarrassment who has uttered a string of extremist statements. boykin first came to americans united's attention back in 2003. he had a habit of wearing his uniform to far-right events where he would bash muslims and peddle "christian nation" nonsense.
in one case, the white house had to issue a "global message" distancing itself from one of boykin's islamophobic rants. he was eventually sanctioned for his antics with a punishment that was described as "appropriate" but not "significant."
i'm not sure why the army let boykin go with a slap on the wrist. perhaps officials knew he would soon be retiring. in any case, boykin did leave the army and ended up going to work for the frc as an executive vice president. there he has continued to utter offensive nonsense on a regular basis. in other words, boykin fits right in at the frc.
around the time boykin was hired at the frc, for example, it came to light that he had accused obama of plotting a "marxist insurgency" backed by a secret military force "that would control the population in america."
two years ago, boykin wrote a column suggesting that islam isn't fully entitled to first amendment protections. he has also argued that no more mosques should be built in america.
the frc has been labeled a "hate group" by the southern poverty law center. the religious right group chafes at this designation and insists that it merely provides a voice for the concerns of conservative christians.
actually, the frc is increasingly a forum for views that are not conservative but reactionary. boykin's latest outburst, which amounts to almost wistful rumination on the fact that our structure of government prevents military coups, is yet one more example of that.
i don't claim to be an expert on military issues. a few semesters of rotc in college was the closest i ever came to serving. but i do know this: there is a term for people who sit around expressing regret over the fact that our military doesn't have the power to unseat a democratically elected president by force.
they are called extremists.
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ju kænt ɪkˈspɛkt nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ frɛnʧ tɪ bi laɪk nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz wɪθ əˈmɛrɪkənz, ənd ðə seɪm hoʊldz tru fər ˈkəlʧərz əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈlɪŋgwɪst ˈrɪʧərd di. luɪs ˈʧɑrtɪd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ˈpætərnz ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈlidərˌʃɪp staɪlz ənd ˈkəlʧərəl aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz ɪn hɪz bʊk, "wɪn ˈkəlʧərz kəˈlaɪd," naʊ ɪn ə 2005 θərd ɪˈdɪʃən. hɪz ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ˈɔfərz ˈklæsɪz ɪn kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən fər bɪg klaɪənts ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ˌjunɪˈlivər tɪ ˈbiˌɛmˈdəbəlju. ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ˈkəlʧərəl ˈstədiz, hi raɪts: "baɪ ˈfoʊkɪsɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈkəlʧərəl ruts əv ˈnæʃənəl bɪˈheɪvjər, boʊθ ɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ənd ˈbɪznɪs, wi kən fɔrˈsi ənd ˈkælkjəˌleɪt wɪθ ə səˈpraɪzɪŋ dɪˈgri əv ˈækjərəsi haʊ ˈəðərz wɪl riækt tɪ ɑr plænz fər ðɛm, ənd wi kən meɪk ˈsərtən əˈsəmpʃənz ɛz tɪ haʊ ðeɪ wɪl əˈproʊʧ ˈjuˈɛs. ə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv ðə ˈbeɪsɪk treɪts əv ˈəðər ˈkəlʧərz (ɛz wɛl ɛz ɑr oʊn) wɪl ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ənˈplɛzənt səˈpraɪzɪz (ˈkəlʧər ʃɑk), gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ˈɪnˌsaɪts ɪn ədˈvæns, ənd ɪˈneɪbəl ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˌɪnərˈækt səkˈsɛsfəli wɪθ ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz wɪθ hum wi ˈpriviəsli hæd ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti." ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈkəlʧərəl ˌʤɛnərələˈzeɪʃənz kən bi ˈoʊvərli reductive*, luɪs, hu spiks tɛn ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz, ˌɪnˈsɪsts ɪt kən bi dən ˈfɛrli, ˈraɪtɪŋ: "dɪˈtərmənɪŋ ˈnæʃənəl ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks ɪz ˈtrɛdɪŋ ə ˈmaɪnˌfild əv ˌɪˈnækjərət əˈsɛsmənt ənd səˈpraɪzɪŋ ɪkˈsɛpʃən. ðɛr ɪz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, səʧ ə θɪŋ ɛz ə ˈnæʃənəl nɔrm." wɪn ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ frɛnʧ, bi priˈpɛrd fər ə ˈvɪgərəs ˈlɑʤɪkəl dəˈbeɪt. wɪn ˈmitɪŋ wɪθ əˈmɛrɪkənz, ɪkˈspɛkt ðɛm tɪ leɪ ɔl ðɛr kɑrdz ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl, gɪt ˈəpˌsɛt wɪn ðɛrz ə dɪsəˈgrimənt, ənd riˈzɑlv ɛz fæst ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl wɪθ wən ər boʊθ saɪdz ˈmeɪkɪŋ kənˈsɛʃənz. wɪl goʊ ˈoʊvər ðə rɛst ɪn brif ˈæftər ə səˈlɛkʃən əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ʧɑrts ˈteɪkən wɪθ pərˈmɪʃən frəm "wɪn ˈkəlʧərz kəˈlaɪd." bɪˈloʊ, ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənəl reɪnʤ ɪz ʃoʊn wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ wɪdθ, ˈɑbstəkəlz ər mɑrkt ɪn greɪ, ənd ˈkəlʧərəl treɪts ər ˈnoʊtɪd ɛz wɛl. ɛz ju meɪ sərˈmaɪz, "wɪn ˈkəlʧərz kəˈlaɪd" spɛnz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈlɪtəl taɪm ɔn ˈtudeɪz ˈimərʤɪŋ ˈmɑrkɪts, wɪʧ ɪz ənˈfɔrʧənət bət nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ sɪns ɪt wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1996 ðə bʊk dɪz ˈɔfər səm ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn ˈæfrɪkɑ, saʊθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ənd ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz nɑt ˈmɛnʃənd hir, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɛz wɛl ɛz məʧ ˈfərðər ˈkɑmənˌtɛri ɔn ðiz 25 ˈkəntriz ənd wi ədˈvaɪz ˈɛniˌwən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən tɪ ʧɛk ɪt aʊt. lɛts goʊ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈəðər ˈdaɪəˌgræmz ɪn brif, ˈpɛrəˌfreɪzɪŋ ənd kˈwoʊtɪŋ frəm luɪs: kəˈneɪdiənz, kəmˈpɛrd tɪ əˈmɛrɪkənz, tɛnd tɪ bi mɔr ənd ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ sik ˈhɑrməni, ðoʊ ðeɪ ər ˈsɪmələrli dɪˈrɛkt. ˈɪŋlɪʃ tɛnd tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən ɪn ən ˈəndərˌsteɪtɪd, ˈmænərd, ənd ˈhjumərəs staɪl ðət kən bi ˈpaʊərfəl ər ˌɪnɪˈfɪʃənt. ˈʤərmənz rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈlɑʤɪk bət "tɛnd tɪ əˈmæs mɔr ˈɛvədəns ənd ˈleɪbər ðɛr pɔɪnts mɔr ðən ˈiðər ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ər ðə frɛnʧ." ˈspænɪʃ ənd ˌɪˈtæljənz "rɪˈgɑrd ðɛr ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ɛz ˈɪnstrəmənts əv ˈɛləkwəns ənd ðeɪ wɪl goʊ əp ənd daʊn ðə skeɪl æt wɪl, ˈpʊlɪŋ aʊt ˈɛvəri stɑp ɪf nid bi tɪ əˈʧiv ˈgreɪtər expressiveness*." ðə ˈnɔrdɪk ˈkəntriz ˈɔfən hæv ɪnˈtrɛnʧt əˈpɪnjənz ðət ðeɪ hæv ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪtɪd "ɪn ðə lɔŋ dɑrk naɪts," ðoʊ ðeɪ ər ˈrizənəbəl. swidz ˈɔfən hæv ðə moʊst dɪˈskəʃənz, fɪnz tɛnd tɪ ˈvælju concision*, ənd moʊst nɔrˈwiʤənz fɔl ˈsəmˌwɛr ɪn bɪtˈwin. swɪs tɛnd tɪ bi ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ənd nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz, hu əbˈteɪn kənˈsɛʃənz baɪ ɪkˈsprɛsɪŋ ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə kˈwɑləti ənd ˈvælju əv ðɛr gʊdz ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. həŋˈgɛriənz ˈvælju ˈɛləkwəns ˈoʊvər ˈlɑʤɪk ənd ər ˌənəˈfreɪd tɪ tɔk ˈoʊvər iʧ ˈəðər. bəlˈgɛriənz meɪ teɪk ə sərˈkjuɪtəs əˈproʊʧ tɪ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃənz ˌbiˈfɔr ˈsikɪŋ ə mˈjuʧuəli ˌbɛnəˈfɪʃəl ˌrɛzəˈluʃən, wɪʧ wɪl ˈɔfən bi skrud əp baɪ bjʊˈrɑkrəsi. poʊlz ˈɔfən hæv ə kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən staɪl ðət ɪz "ˌɛnɪgˈmætɪk, ˈreɪnʤɪŋ frəm ə prægˈmætɪk staɪl tɪ ə ˈwərdi, ˌsɛnəˈmɛnəl, roʊˈmæntɪk əˈproʊʧ tɪ ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn ˈsəbʤɪkt." ðə dəʧ ər ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn fækts ənd ˈfɪgjərz bət "ər ˈɔlsoʊ greɪt ˈtɔkərz ənd ˈrɛrli meɪk ˈfaɪnəl dɪˈsɪʒənz wɪˈθaʊt ə lɔŋ 'dəʧ' dəˈbeɪt, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz əˈproʊʧɪŋ ðə ˈdeɪnʤər zoʊn əv overanalysis*." ʧaɪˈniz tɛnd tɪ bi mɔr dɪˈrɛkt ðən ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ənd səm ˈəðər ist ˈeɪʒənz; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmitɪŋz ər ˈprɪnsɪpli fər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈgæðərɪŋ, wɪθ ðə ril dɪˈsɪʒənz meɪd ˈɛlsˌwɛr. hɔŋ ˈkɑŋgərz nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪt məʧ mɔr ˈbrɪskli tɪ əˈʧiv kwɪk rɪˈzəlts. ˈɪndiən ˈɪŋlɪʃ "ɪkˈsɛlz ɪn ˌæmbɪˈgjuəti, ənd səʧ θɪŋz ɛz truθ ənd əˈpɪrənsəz ər ˈɔfən ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən." ɔˈstreɪljənz tɛnd tɪ hæv ə lus ənd fræŋk ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃənəl staɪl. sɪŋgəˈpɔriənz ˈʤɛnərəli teɪk taɪm tɪ bɪld ə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp, ˈæftər wɪʧ ðeɪ kən bi ʃrud nɪˈgoʊʃiˌeɪtərz. ˌkɔˈriənz tɛnd tɪ bi ˌɛnərˈʤɛtɪk hu sik tɪ kloʊz dilz kˈwɪkli, ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ˈstrɛʧɪŋ ðə truθ. ˌɪndoʊˈniʒənz tɛnd tɪ bi ˈvɛri ˌdɛfərˈɛnʧəl, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz tɪ ðə pɔɪnt əv ˌæmbɪˈgjuəti. ˌɪzˈreɪliz tɛnd tɪ pərˈsid ˈlɑʤɪkli ɔn moʊst ˈɪʃuz bət ˈiˌmoʊʃnəli ɔn səm. ənd ðæts haʊ wən rɪˈspɛktɪd, well-traveled*, ənd ˈhaɪli ˌməltiˈlɪŋwəl ˈlɪŋgwɪst siz ðə wərld.
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you can't expect negotiations with french to be like negotiations with americans, and the same holds true for cultures around the world.
british linguist richard d. lewis charted communication patterns as well as leadership styles and cultural identities in his book, "when cultures collide," now in a 2005 third edition. his organization offers classes in cross-cultural communication for big clients ranging from unilever to bmw.
in support of cultural studies, he writes: "by focusing on the cultural roots of national behavior, both in society and business, we can foresee and calculate with a surprising degree of accuracy how others will react to our plans for them, and we can make certain assumptions as to how they will approach us. a working knowledge of the basic traits of other cultures (as well as our own) will minimize unpleasant surprises (culture shock), give us insights in advance, and enable us to interact successfully with nationalities with whom we previously had difficulty."
although cultural generalizations can be overly reductive, lewis, who speaks ten languages, insists it can be done fairly, writing: "determining national characteristics is treading a minefield of inaccurate assessment and surprising exception. there is, however, such a thing as a national norm."
when meeting with french, be prepared for a vigorous logical debate.
when meeting with americans, expect them to lay all their cards on the table, get upset when there's a disagreement, and resolve as fast as possible with one or both sides making concessions.
we'll go over the rest in brief after a selection of communication charts taken with permission from "when cultures collide." below, conversational range is shown with increasing width, obstacles are marked in gray, and cultural traits are noted as well.
crossculture.com
as you may surmise, "when cultures collide" spends relatively little time on today's emerging markets, which is unfortunate but not surprising since it was originally published in 1996. the book does offer some commentary on africa, south america, and other places not mentioned here, however, as well as much further commentary on these 25 countries — and we advise anyone interested in international communication to check it out.
let's go over the other diagrams in brief, paraphrasing and quoting from lewis:
canadians, compared to americans, tend to be more low-key and inclined to seek harmony, though they are similarly direct.
english tend to avoid confrontation in an understated, mannered, and humorous style that can be powerful or inefficient.
germans rely on logic but "tend to amass more evidence and labor their points more than either the british or the french."
spanish and italians "regard their languages as instruments of eloquence and they will go up and down the scale at will, pulling out every stop if need be to achieve greater expressiveness."
the nordic countries often have entrenched opinions that they have formulated "in the long dark nights," though they are reasonable conversationalists. swedes often have the most wide-ranging discussions, finns tend to value concision, and most norwegians fall somewhere in between.
swiss tend to be straightforward and unaggressive negotiators, who obtain concessions by expressing confidence in the quality and value of their goods and services.
hungarians value eloquence over logic and are unafraid to talk over each other.
bulgarians may take a circuitous approach to negotiations before seeking a mutually beneficial resolution, which will often be screwed up by bureaucracy.
poles often have a communication style that is "enigmatic, ranging from a matter-of-fact pragmatic style to a wordy, sentimental, romantic approach to any given subject."
the dutch are focused on facts and figures but "are also great talkers and rarely make final decisions without a long 'dutch' debate, sometimes approaching the danger zone of overanalysis."
chinese tend to be more direct than the japanese and some other east asians; however, meetings are principally for information gathering, with the real decisions made elsewhere. hong kongers negotiate much more briskly to achieve quick results.
indian english "excels in ambiguity, and such things as truth and appearances are often subject to negotiation."
australians tend to have a loose and frank conversational style.
singaporeans generally take time to build a relationship, after which they can be shrewd negotiators.
koreans tend to be energetic conversationalists who seek to close deals quickly, occasionally stretching the truth.
indonesians tend to be very deferential conversationalists, sometimes to the point of ambiguity.
israelis tend to proceed logically on most issues but emotionally on some.
and that's how one respected, well-traveled, and highly multilingual linguist sees the world.
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kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə mɛts ˈɑrənt ˈʤəmpɪŋ θru hups tɪ rɪˈteɪn ˈdænjəl ˈmərfi, ðɛr ənˈlaɪkli tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ðə fri ˈeɪʤənt wɪθ haʊi ˈkɛndrɪk, ə wɪθ ˈɪrəli ˈsɪmələr əˈfɛnsɪv ˈnəmbərz. laɪk ˈmərfi, ˈsɛkənd ˈbeɪsmən ˈkɛndrɪk rɪˈsivd ənd dɪˈklaɪnd hɪz kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ ˈɔfər frəm ðə ˈdɑʤərz. ɪf ðə mɛts swɪʧt aʊt ðɛr ˌlɛfˈthændɪd ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈhɪtər wɪθ ðə raɪˈthændɪd ˈkɑnˌtækt ˈhɪtər, ðeɪ wʊd hæv tɪ ˈfɔrfɪt ðɛr ˈæməˌʧər dræft pɪk, əˈwɔrdɪŋ ə ˌsəpləˈmɛntəˌri səˈlɛkʃən ɪn bɪtˈwin ðə fərst ənd ˈsɛkənd raʊnz tɪ ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈdɑʤərz. ɪf ðə mɛts ər nɑt ɛˈnæmərd əv ˈmərfi, ðɛr ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˌɪmˈprɛst baɪ ˈkɛndrɪk; ðə tu hæv ˈpoʊstɪd ˈvərʧuəli aɪˈdɛntɪkəl ˈnəmbərz æt ðə pleɪt θruaʊt ðɛr rɪˈspɛktɪv kərɪrz. pleɪər wrc*+ ˈkɛndrɪk 293 333 423 329 108 ˈmərfi 288 331 424 327 109 læst ˈsizən pruvd noʊ ˈdɪfərənt: ˈmərfi ˈɔfərd mɔr paʊər, ˈkləbɪŋ ə 14 ˈhoʊmərz ənd 449 sˈləgɪŋ pərˈsɛnɪʤ ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz tɪr, waɪl ˈkɛndrɪk nɑʧt ə suˈpɪriər 336 pərˈsɛnɪʤ oʊɪŋ ˈlɑrʤli tɪ hɪz 295 ˈbætɪŋ ˈævərɪʤ. boʊθ hæd ə 325, ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈniðər pleɪər ə dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃəbəl ædˈvæntɪʤ. ˈkɛndrɪk hæd spɛnt hɪz ɪnˈtaɪər kərɪr wɪθ ðə lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ˈeɪnʤəlz, hu ˈdræftɪd ɪm ɪn 2002 ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪtɪŋ dɛlt tɪ ðə ˈdɑʤərz fər ˈstɑrtɪŋ ˈpɪʧər ˈændru ˈhini læst ˈwɪntər. dɪˈspaɪt ˈhævɪŋ ə wɔk reɪt ənd 347 pərˈsɛnɪʤ ɪn 2014 ˈkɛndrɪk dɪd nɑt ˈfæktər ˈɪntu ðə ˈeɪnʤəlz' ˈlɔŋˈtərm plænz. hɪz ˌɪmˈpruvd pleɪt ˈdɪsəplən weɪnd ɪn 2015 wɪn hɪz wɔk reɪt drɑpt tɪ ðoʊ stɪl əˈbəv hɪz kərɪr pərˈsɛnɪʤ. ˈmərfiz wɔk reɪt ɪz ˈsimɪŋli ə bɪg ˈrizən hɪz mɛts ˈtɛnjər ɪz ɪn ˈʤɛpərdi, ənd ˈkɛndrɪk ɪz ən ˈikwəli əˈgrɛsɪv ˈhɪtər wɪθ ˈlægɪŋ paʊər. hi ˈɔlsoʊ strək aʊt weɪ mɔr læst ˈsizən ðən ˈmərfi dɪd ɪf ðɛrz ə ˈrizən tɪ prɪˈfər ˈkɛndrɪk, ɪts dɪˈfɛns. waɪl ˈɛvəri ˈbætɪd bɔl hɪt ˈmərfiz weɪ ɪz ən ədˈvɛnʧər, ˈkɛndrɪk həz ˈpruvən ən ˈfildər θruaʊt hɪz kərɪr. ðoʊz skɪlz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪˈroʊdɪd læst ˈsizən. əˈlɔŋ wɪθ prəˈdusɪŋ dɪˈfɛnsɪv rənz seɪvd, hi əˈmæst ə ˈnɛgətɪv ˈəltəmət zoʊn ˈreɪtɪŋ fər ˈoʊnli ðə ˈsɛkənd taɪm sɪns ˈriʧɪŋ ðə ˈmeɪʤərz ɪn 2006 ˈɛni ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈsutərz wɪl hoʊp ðɪs ɪz ə ˈwənˌjɪr blɪp ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈvɛtərən ˈluzɪŋ spid ənd reɪnʤ ɪn ðə ˈɪnˌfild. ɪf hiz ə ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti æt ˈsɛkənd, wət wʊd ðə mɛts hæv sɑlvd baɪ sˈwɑpɪŋ ˈmərfi fər ɪm? ˈæftər ˈfeɪlɪŋ tɪ breɪk ðə mɑrk ɪn hɪz fərst θri ˈsizənz, ˈkɛndrɪk ʃɛd ðə ˈleɪbəl baɪ pleɪɪŋ 144 geɪmz pər ˈsizən frəm hi mɪst mɔr ðən ə mənθ wɪθ ə streɪnd ˈhæmˌstrɪŋ səˈsteɪnd ɪn ˈɔgəst, bət lʊkt laɪk hɪz ˈjuʒəwəl sɛlf leɪt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə nlds*, ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ hi hɪt stɪl, ˈsaɪnɪŋ ə ˈhɛlθi fər θri ər fɔr jɪrz ˈɪzənt ˌnɛsəˈsɛrəli ə seɪf ɪnˈdɛvər. hæd ˈkɛndrɪk ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd hɪz kin ˈbætɪŋ aɪ ənd dɪˈfɛns frəm 2014 hid ˈlaɪkli əˈpɪr məʧ haɪər ɔn ðə mɛts' wɪʃ lɪst. ðɛn əˈgɛn, ðət gaɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli wʊd hæv praɪst hɪz weɪ aʊt əv ðɛr ˈbəʤɪt. kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðɪs ˈkɑrənt ˈvərʒən əv ˈkɛndrɪk stændz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈsɪmələr rɪˈzəlts æt ə ˈkɑmprəbəl kɔst tɪ ˈmərfi, ˈʧeɪsɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈlætər tɪ ˈwɛlkəm ðə ˈfɔrmər meɪks ˈlɪtəl sɛns.
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considering the mets aren't jumping through hoops to retain daniel murphy, they're unlikely to replace the 30-year-old free agent with howie kendrick, a 32-year-old with eerily similar offensive numbers.
like murphy, second baseman kendrick received and declined his qualifying offer from the dodgers. if the mets switched out their left-handed contact hitter with the right-handed contact hitter, they would have to forfeit their first-round amateur draft pick, awarding a supplementary selection in between the first and second rounds to the los angeles dodgers.
if the mets are not enamored of murphy, they're unlikely to be impressed by kendrick; the two have posted virtually identical numbers at the plate throughout their respective careers.
player avg obp slg woba wrc+ kendrick .293 .333 .423 .329 108 murphy .288 .331 .424 .327 109
last season proved no different: murphy offered more power, clubbing a career-high 14 homers and .449 slugging percentage before his postseason tear, while kendrick notched a superior .336 on-base percentage owing largely to his .295 batting average. both had a .325 woba, offering neither player a distinguishable advantage.
kendrick had spent his entire career with the los angeles angels, who drafted him in 2002, before getting dealt to the dodgers for starting pitcher andrew heaney last winter. despite having a career-high 7.1% walk rate and .347 on-base percentage in 2014, kendrick did not factor into the angels' long-term plans.
his improved plate discipline waned in 2015 when his walk rate dropped to 5.5%, though still above his 4.8% career percentage. murphy's 6.0% walk rate is seemingly a big reason his mets tenure is in jeopardy, and kendrick is an equally aggressive hitter with lagging power. he also struck out way more last season (16.6%) than murphy did (7.1%).
if there's a reason to prefer kendrick, it's defense. while every batted ball hit murphy's way is an adventure, kendrick has proven an above-average fielder throughout his career. those skills, however, eroded last season. along with producing minus-12 defensive runs saved, he amassed a negative ultimate zone rating (-4.5) for only the second time since reaching the majors in 2006. any interested suitors will hope this is a one-year blip rather than a veteran losing speed and range in the infield. if he's a liability at second, what would the mets have solved by swapping murphy for him?
after failing to break the 100-game mark in his first three seasons, kendrick shed the injury-prone label by playing 144 games per season from 2010-14. he missed more than a month with a strained hamstring sustained in august, but looked like his usual self late in september and during the nlds, during which he hit .273/.273/.455. still, signing a healthy 32-year-old for three or four years isn't necessarily a safe endeavor.
had kendrick replicated his keen batting eye and defense from 2014, he'd likely appear much higher on the mets' offseason wish list. then again, that guy probably would have priced his way out of their budget. considering this current version of kendrick stands to deliver similar results at a comparable cost to murphy, chasing out the latter to welcome the former makes little sense.
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ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ə strɪŋ əv ədˈvænsɪz ðɪs wik, ðə ˈsɪriən ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈfɔrsɪz (sdf*) ər naʊ ˈroʊlɪŋ θru ˈvɪlɪʤ ˈæftər ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn ðə pleɪnz, ən ˈɛriə ɔn ðə ˈwɛstərn bæŋk əv ðə juˈfreɪtiz ˈrɪvər ˈəðərˌwaɪz hɛld baɪ ˈaɪsəs fər jɪrz. æt list 10 mɔr ˈvɪlɪʤɪz hæv bɪn sizd ɪn ðə pæst 24 aʊərz; moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli wɪʧ ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ʤɪst 5 ˈkɪləˌmitərz saʊθ əv ˈsɪti. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv həz bɪn ˈkæpʧərd ˈæftər ðə ˈimərʤəns əv ə ˈseɪljənt nɔrθ əv ɪn tərn, ðə meɪn ˈaɪsəs roʊd bɪtˈwin ənd həz ˈrəðər sɪmˈbɑlɪkəli bɪn kət ɔf. ðə ə ˈlɑrʤli ˈkərdɪʃ ˈfaɪtɪŋ fɔrs ˈhɛvəli bækt baɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts həz vaʊd tɪ ˈlɪˌbərˌeɪt ˈsɪti frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt. ˈminˌwaɪl, rɪˈpɔrts səˈʤɛst ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt tɪ bi ˈpʊlɪŋ ˈfaɪtərz aʊt əv ðə ˈfrənˌtlaɪn ɪn ə ˈfræntɪk ˈɛfərt tɪ kip kənˈtroʊl əv ˈsɪti ənd ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðə ˈfrənˌtlaɪn. ɪf ðə ˈkæpʧərz, ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt wɪl bi ɔn ðə vərʤ əv ˈluzɪŋ ɪts səˈplaɪ laɪnz ˈrənɪŋ frəm ˈtərki, ə ˈkəntri ˈfɔrmərli əˈkjuzd əv baɪɪŋ ˈaɪsəs ɔɪl. ˈædvərˌtaɪzmənts
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following a string of advances this week, the syrian democratic forces (sdf) are now rolling through village after village in the manbij plains, an area on the western bank of the euphrates river otherwise held by isis for years.
at least 10 more villages have been seized in the past 24 hours; most notably kabir al-kabir which is located just 5 kilometers south of manbij city.
furthermore, the village of dadat has been captured after the emergence of a sdf salient north of manbij – in turn, the main isis road between jarabulus and manbij has rather symbolically been cut off.
the sdf – a largely kurdish fighting force heavily backed by the united states – has vowed to liberate manbij city from the islamic state.
meanwhile, reports suggest the islamic state to be pulling fighters out of the azaz frontline in a frantic effort to keep control of manbij city and reinforce the frontline.
if the sdf captures manbij, the islamic state will be on the verge of losing its supply lines running from turkey, a country formerly accused of buying isis oil.
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ɪn ˈrisənt nuz, ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈprɛzɪdənt ʤoʊəl ˈsɛlɪgmən hæd ən ənˈfɔrʧənət ˈɪnsədənt ɔn runescape*, ə ˈmæsɪvli ˈpɑpjələr ˈɔnˌlaɪn rpg*, ɪn wɪʧ ðə ˈkɑntɛnts əv hɪz ˌɪnvənˈtɔri wər ““hacked.”*.” ˈmoʊmənt ˈsɛlɪŋ lobbies,”*,” ˈsɛlɪgmən sɛd. [sɪk], bɪn hacked.”*.” ˌɔlˈðoʊ hi ɪz stɪl kənˈsɪdərd ə ““n00b”*” baɪ moʊst ˈvɛtərən pleɪərz, ˈsɛlɪgmən ˈrisəntli kəmˈplitɪd ðə ˈdrægən sleɪər kwɛst, ˈɑrgjuəbli ðə moʊst ˈdɪfəkəlt əv nɑnˈmɛmbər kwɛsts, ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ɪm tɪ wɛr ˈfʊli ˈɑrmər. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛlɪgmən, hɪz pleɪər, ““xxharvardballinxx,”*,” wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ θru skwɛr wɪn ˈsəmˌwən neɪmd ““mr*. white”*” æst ɪf hi kʊd trɪm ˈɑrmər fər fri. səʧ ə rɪkˈwɛst ɪz ə ˈkɑmən skæm wɛl noʊn tɪ moʊst pleɪərz, bət ˈsɛlɪgmən ənˈnoʊɪŋli əˈgrid ənd geɪv ˈmɪstər. waɪt hɪz chestplate*, ˈhɛlmət, ənd gauntlets*. jɛt ˌɪnˈstɛd əv rɪˈsivɪŋ ə ˈnuli trɪmd sɛt əv ˈɑrmər, ˈsɛlɪgmən gɑt bæk ˈnəθɪŋ ənd faʊnd hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər ˌɪnɪkˈsplɪkəbli trænsˈfɔrmd ˈɪntu ən ˌənriˈspɑnsɪv ˈistər ɛg. ““meliora*, ju sæk əv piss,”*,” ˈmɪstər. waɪt taɪpt ˌbiˈfɔr ˈlɔgɪŋ ɔf. ɛˈroʊniəsli əˈsumd ˈmɪstər. waɪt wɑz ˈsɪmpli biɪŋ ə gʊd samaritan,”*,” ˈsɛlɪgmən sɛd. ““mr*. waɪt, ðə devil.”*.” əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɛloʊ ənd din əv ðə ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈrɪʧərd ˈfɛldmən, ˈbɛtər noʊn ˈɔnˌlaɪn ɛz ““sigchi4lyfe,”*,” ˈsɛlɪgmən ʃʊd hæv noʊn ˈbɛtər. ðə sˈmɑrtəst gaɪ ˈɛvər mɛt, bət hi wɑz tu ˈstupɪd tɪ see,”*,” ˈfɛldmən sɛd. ““mr*. waɪt meɪd əp hɪz maɪnd 10 ˈmɪnəts ˌbiˈfɔr ˈrɑbɪŋ him.”*.” ˈæftər ðə əˈlɛʤd ““hack,”*,” ˈsɛlɪgmən ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd ə ˈsɪtiˌwaɪd ˈmænˌhənt tɪ faɪnd ðə ˈpərsən riˈspɑnsəbəl. ə ʤɔɪnt ˈɛfərt bɪtˈwin ˈpəblɪk ˈseɪfti ənd ðə ɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt lɛd tɪ ə ˈʃɑkɪŋ ˌdɪˈskəvri; ðə ˌaɪˌpi ˈæˌdrɛs mæʧt ðət əv ðə kəmˈpjutər saɪəns ˈɪntəˌrɛst flɔr æt ˈrɑˌʧɛstər ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv tɛkˈnɑləʤi. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈsɛlɪgmən, ˈməni juzd fər ðə ˈmɪljən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən wɪl kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ə ˈsəbsəkwənt ˌɪnˈkris ɪn nɛkst tjuˈɪʃən, smɔl praɪs tɪ peɪ fər mɔr prəˈtɛkʃən əˈgɛnst ɪn ˈɔnˌlaɪn gaming.”*.” ˈsɛlɪgmən ˈɔlsoʊ faɪld ə kəmˈpleɪnt tɪ jagex*, ðə dɪˈvɛləpərz əv runescape*. bət ðə rɪˈpɔrt həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˌɪgˈnɔrd, moʊst ˈlaɪkli bɪˈkəz ðə ˈɪnsədənt ɪn kˈwɛʃən ˈhæpənd ɪn ə nɑnˈmɛmbər wərld. plæn fər ˌrɛtrəˈbjuʃən kənˈsɪsts əv ˈlɛvəlɪŋ əp hɪz ˈkɛrɪktər soʊ hi kən ɪm ɪn ðə ˈwɪldərnəs ənd gɪt maɪ ʃɪt back.”*.” ɪn ðə ˈminˌtaɪm, ˈsɛlɪgmən həz ˈɔfərd tɪ baɪ ə weeks’*’ wərθ əv mɛl ˈbərgərz tɪ ðə fərst ˈstudənt tɪ treɪd ɪm run scimmy.”*.” ɪz ə ˈmɛmbər əv ðə klæs əv 2014
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in recent news, university president joel seligman had an unfortunate incident on runescape, a massively popular online rpg, in which the contents of his in-game inventory were “hacked.”
“one moment i’m selling lobbies,” seligman said. “nek minnit [sic], i’ve been hacked.”
although he is still considered a “n00b” by most veteran players, seligman recently completed the dragon slayer quest, arguably the most difficult of non-member quests, enabling him to wear fully rune-plated armor.
according to seligman, his player, “xxharvardballinxx,” was walking through varrock square when someone named “mr. white” asked if he could trim seligman’s armor for free. such a request is a common scam well known to most players, but seligman unknowingly agreed and gave mr. white his chestplate, helmet, and gauntlets.
yet instead of receiving a newly trimmed set of armor, seligman got back nothing and found his character inexplicably transformed into an unresponsive easter egg.
“meliora, you sack of piss,” mr. white typed before logging off.
“i erroneously assumed mr. white was simply being a good samaritan,” seligman said. “mr. white, he’s the devil.”
according to fellow runescaper and dean of the college richard feldman, better known online as “sigchi4lyfe,” seligman should have known better.
“he’s the smartest guy i’ve ever met, but he was too stupid to see,” feldman said. “mr. white made up his mind 10 minutes before robbing him.”
after the alleged “hack,” seligman orchestrated a citywide manhunt to find the person responsible. a joint effort between public safety and the it department led to a shocking discovery; the player’s ip address matched that of the computer science interest floor at rochester institute of technology.
according to seligman, money used for the $2.3 million investigation will contribute to a subsequent increase in next year’s tuition, “a small price to pay for more protection against scamming in online gaming.”
seligman also filed a complaint to jagex, the developers of runescape. but the report has remained ignored, most likely because the incident in question happened in a non-member world.
seligman’s plan for retribution consists of leveling up his character so he can “pk him in the wilderness and get my shit back.”
in the meantime, seligman has offered to buy a weeks’ worth of mel burgers to the first student to trade him “one rune scimmy.”
borovcanin is a member of the class of 2014.
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ðə nth-child*() ənd nth-of-type*() ər ““structural”*”, wɪʧ ər ˈklæsɪz ðət əˈlaʊ ˈjuˈɛs tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈɛləmənts beɪst ɔn ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt tri ðət ˈkænɑt ˈtɪpɪkəli bi ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd baɪ ˈəðər ˈsɪmpəl. ɪn ðə keɪs əv nth-child*() ənd nth-of-type*() ðə ˈɛkstrə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz ðə pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt tri ɪn riˈleɪʃən tɪ ɪts ˈpɛrənt ənd ˈsɪblɪŋz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðiz tu ər ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr, ðeɪ wərk ɪn ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈdɪfərənt weɪz. haʊ nth-child*() wərks ðə nth-child*() ɪz juzd tɪ mæʧ ən ˈɛləmənt beɪst ɔn ə ˈnəmbər, wɪʧ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə pəˈzɪʃən əˈməŋst ˈsɪblɪŋz. mɔr spəˈsɪfɪkli, ðə ˈnəmbər ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈsɪblɪŋz ðət ɪgˈzɪst ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈɛləmənt ɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt tri (ˈmaɪnəs 1 ðɪs ˈnəmbər ɪz ɪkˈsprɛst ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən, wɛr ɛn ɪz ðə ˈɪndɛks, ənd ə ənd bi ər ˈɛni ˈɪntəʤərz wi pæs. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈɛvəri ˈɛləmənt, wi kʊd raɪt ˈɛni əv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ staɪlz staɪlz :nth-child(1n*) staɪlz ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈfəŋkʃən, wi kən pæs ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɪntəʤər, e.g*. ər juz wən əv ðə sɛt ˈkiˌwərdz, ɑd ər ˈivɪn ðiz ˈkiˌwərdz ər ɔlˈtərnətɪvz fər ˈraɪtɪŋ aʊt ðə ˈfəŋkʃənəl noʊˈteɪʃən fər səˈlɛktɪŋ ˈɛvəri ɑd ər ˈivɪn ˈnəmbərd ˈɛləmənt. :nth-child(odd*) staɪlz fər ɑd ˈɛləmənts staɪlz fər ɑd ˈɛləmənts :nth-child(even*) staɪlz fər ˈivɪn ˈɛləmənts staɪlz fər ˈivɪn ˈɛləmənts wɪn ˈjuzɪŋ :nth-child*() ɔn ɪts oʊn, ɪt ɪz ˈsɪmpəl ɪˈnəf tɪ prɪˈdɪkt wɪʧ ˈɛləmənt wɪl bi səˈlɛktɪd. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈjuzɪŋ ðɪs ˈmɑrˌkəp class="example*"> ɪz ə <em>paragraph</em>.</p*> ɪz ə <em>paragraph</em>.</p*> ɪz ə <em>paragraph</em>.</p*> ɪz ə <em>divider</em>.</div*> ɪz ə <em>divider</em>.</div*> ˈɛləmənt tɪ səˈlɛkt ɪz ə <em>paragraph</em>.</p*> ɪz ə <em>paragraph</em>.</p*> ɪz ə <em>divider</em>.</div*> ɪz ə <em>paragraph</em>.</p*> ɪz ə <em>divider</em>.</div*> </div*> ɪf wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ səˈlɛkt ðə fɪθ ˈɛləmənt, ðə, wi kʊd ˈsɪmpli raɪt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ .ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd: #ffdb3a*; ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd rɪˈzəlts meɪ əˈkər wɪn ðɛr ər ˈməltəpəl taɪps əv ˈɛləmənts, ənd wi nid tɪ ˈkɑmbaɪn ðə :nth-child*() wɪθ taɪp ər klæs. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, tɪ səˈlɛkt ðət seɪm ˈɛləmənt əˈgɛn, wi meɪ bi ˈtɛmptɪd tɪ raɪt ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ .ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd: #ffdb3a*; noʊt wɪl nɑt wərk ðə ˈrizən ðɪs wɪl nɑt wərk ɪz bɪˈkəz ðə ˈɛləmənt ðət ɪz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ dɪz nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli ɪgˈzɪst. ˈjuzɪŋ ðə əˈbəv, ðə ˈjuzər ˈeɪʤənt wɪl goʊ θru ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ stɛps səˈlɛkt ɔl ðə ʧaɪld ˈɛləmənts əv .ɪgˈzæmpəl faɪnd ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɛləmənt ɪn ðət lɪst, ˌɪrəˈspɛktɪv əv taɪp ʧɛk ɪf ðət ˈɛləmənt ɪz ə taɪp əv sɪns ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɛləmənt ɪn ðə ˈdɑkjəmɛnt tri ɪz ə ˈpɛrəˌgræf, nɑt ə, ˈnəθɪŋ ɪz səˈlɛktɪd. ɪf wi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ səˈlɛkt ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈɛləmənt, wi wʊd hæv tɪ juz ðə nth-of-type*(). haʊ nth-of-type*() wərks ðə nth-of-type*(), laɪk nth-child*() ɪz juzd tɪ mæʧ ən ˈɛləmənt beɪst ɔn ə ˈnəmbər. ðɪs ˈnəmbər, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnts ðə pəˈzɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ˈoʊnli ðoʊz əv ɪts ˈsɪblɪŋz ðət ər əv ðə seɪm ˈɛləmənt taɪp. ðɪs ˈnəmbər kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ɪkˈsprɛst ɛz ə ˈfəŋkʃən, ər ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈkiˌwərdz ˈivɪn ər ɑd ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈmɑrˌkəp əˈbəv, wi kən səˈlɛkt ɔl ðə ɑd ˈpɛrəˌgræfs baɪ ˈraɪtɪŋ .ɪgˈzæmpəl p:nth-of-type(odd*) ˈbækˌgraʊnd: #ffdb3a*; wɪn wi juz ðɪs, ðə ˈjuzər ˈeɪʤənt goʊz θru ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ stɛps səˈlɛkt ɔl ðə ʧaɪld ˈɛləmənts əv .ɪgˈzæmpəl ðət ər əv ðə taɪp pi kriˈeɪt ə nu lɪst əv ˈoʊnli ðiz ˈɛləmənts səˈlɛkt ðə ɑd ˈnəmbərz frəm ðət lɪst bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs, wi kən naʊ səˈlɛkt ðə ˈsɛkənd, ðə fɪθ ʧaɪld əv .ɪgˈzæmpəl .ɪgˈzæmpəl staɪlz ˈəðər "ɛnθ" ˌbiˈsaɪdz nth-child*() ənd nth-of-type*() ðɛr ər ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈəðər ˈstrəkʧərəl wi kən juz tɪ səˈlɛkt ˈɛləmənts beɪst ɔn ðɛr pəˈzɪʃən wɪˈθɪn ðɛr ˈsɪblɪŋz. laɪk nth-child*() ənd nth-of-type*() ðeɪ fɔl ˈɪntu tu grups ðə wənz ðət ər, laɪk nth-child*() ənd ðə wənz ðət ər, laɪk nth-of-type*() nth-child*() nth-of-type*() nth-last-child*() nth-last-of-type*() first-child*() first-of-type*() last-child*() last-of-type*() only-child*() only-of-type*() ˈkaʊntɪŋ frəm ðə ɛnd nth-last-child*() ˈvərsəz nth-last-of-type*() ðiz wərk laɪk nth-child*() ənd nth-of-type*() bət ðeɪ bɪˈgɪn ˈkaʊntɪŋ frəm ðə læst ˈɛləmənt ɪn ðə grup əv ˈsɪblɪŋz ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə fərst. .ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd: .ɪgˈzæmpəl ˈbækˌgraʊnd: #ffdb3a*; ðə fərst ˈɛləmənt first-child*() ˈvərsəz first-of-type*() ðə first-child*() ənd first-of-type*() səˈlɛkt ðə fərst ˈɛləmənt. ðeɪ kən bi θɔt əv ɛz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə nth-child*() ənd nth-of-type*(), bət ˈsɪmpli ˈpæsɪŋ ɪn ə ˈvælju əv 1 .ɪgˈzæmpəl :first-child*() staɪlz .ɪgˈzæmpəl staɪlz seɪm ɛz əˈbəv .ɪgˈzæmpəl :first-of-type*() staɪlz .ɪgˈzæmpəl staɪlz seɪm ɛz əˈbəv ðə læst ˈɛləmənt last-child*() ˈvərsəz last-of-type*() ðiz ər ðə ˈɑpəzɪt tɪ ðə first-child*() ənd first-of-type*(). ðeɪ kən bi θɔt əv ɛz ˈjuzɪŋ ðə nth-last-child*() ənd nth-last-of-type*(), bət ˈpæsɪŋ ɪn ə ˈvælju əv 1 .ɪgˈzæmpəl :last-child*() staɪlz .ɪgˈzæmpəl staɪlz seɪm ɛz əˈbəv .ɪgˈzæmpəl :last-of-type*() staɪlz .ɪgˈzæmpəl staɪlz seɪm ɛz əˈbəv ðə ˈoʊnli ˈɛləmənt only-child*() ˈvərsəz only-of-type*() ˈfaɪnəli, ðiz wɪl səˈlɛkt ən ˈɛləmənt ðət ɪz ðə ˈoʊnli ʧaɪld. fər only-child*() ðə ˈɛləmənt məst bi ˈlɪtərəli ðə ˈoʊnli ʧaɪld əv ˈpɛrənt, rəˈgɑrdləs əv taɪp. fər only-of-type*() ðə ˈɛləmənt nid ˈoʊnli bi ðə ˈoʊnli ʧaɪld əv ɪts taɪp.
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the nth-child() and nth-of-type() selectors are “structural” pseudo-classes, which are classes that allow us to select elements based on information within the document tree that cannot typically be represented by other simple selectors.
in the case of nth-child() and nth-of-type() , the extra information is the element’s position in the document tree in relation to its parent and siblings. although these two pseudo-classes are very similar, they work in fundamentally different ways.
how nth-child() works
the nth-child() pseudo-class is used to match an element based on a number, which represents the element’s position amongst it’s siblings. more specifically, the number represents the number of siblings that exist before the element in the document tree (minus 1).
this number is expressed as a function, an+b , where n is the index, and a and b are any integers we pass. for example, to select every element, we could write any of the following -
:nth-child(1n+0) { /* styles */ } :nth-child(n+0) { /* styles */ } :nth-child(1n) { /* styles */ }
in addition to using this function, we can pass a single integer, e.g. :nth-child(1) or use one of the set keywords, odd or even . these keywords are alternatives for writing out the functional notation for selecting every odd or even numbered element.
:nth-child(odd) { /* styles for odd elements */ } :nth-child(2n+1) { /* styles for odd elements */ } :nth-child(even) { /* styles for even elements */ } :nth-child(2n+0) { /* styles for even elements */ }
when using :nth-child() on its own, it is simple enough to predict which element will be selected. for example, using this markup -
<div class="example"> <p>this is a <em>paragraph</em>.</p> <p>this is a <em>paragraph</em>.</p> <p>this is a <em>paragraph</em>.</p> <div>this is a <em>divider</em>.</div> <div>this is a <em>divider</em>.</div> <!-- element to select --> <p>this is a <em>paragraph</em>.</p> <p>this is a <em>paragraph</em>.</p> <div>this is a <em>divider</em>.</div> <p>this is a <em>paragraph</em>.</p> <div>this is a <em>divider</em>.</div> </div>
if we wanted to select the fifth element, the div, we could simply write the following -
.example :nth-child(5) { background: #ffdb3a; }
however, unexpected results may occur when there are multiple types of elements, and we need to combine the :nth-child() pseudo-class with type or class selectors. for example, to select that same div element again, we may be tempted to write the following -
.example div:nth-child(2) { background: #ffdb3a; }
note - will not work
the reason this will not work is because the element that selector is targeting does not actually exist. using the above selector, the user agent will go through the following steps -
select all the child elements of .example find the second element in that list, irrespective of type check if that element is a type of div
since the second element in the document tree is a paragraph, not a div, nothing is selected. if we wanted to select the second div element, we would have to use the nth-of-type() pseudo-class.
how nth-of-type() works
the nth-of-type() pseudo-class, like nth-child() , is used to match an element based on a number. this number, however, represents the element's position within only those of its siblings that are of the same element type.
this number can also be expressed as a function, or using the keywords even or odd . using the example markup above, we can select all the odd paragraphs by writing -
.example p:nth-of-type(odd) { background: #ffdb3a; }
when we use this selector, the user agent goes through the following steps -
select all the child elements of .example that are of the type p create a new list of only these elements select the odd numbers from that list
because of this, we can now select the second div, the fifth child of .example -
.example div:nth-of-type(2) { /* styles */ }
other "nth" pseudo-classes
besides nth-child() and nth-of-type() , there are a number of other structural pseudo-classes we can use to select elements based on their position within their siblings. like nth-child() and nth-of-type() , they fall into two groups - the ones that are type-independent, like nth-child() , and the ones that are type-dependent, like nth-of-type() .
type-independent type-dependent nth-child() nth-of-type() nth-last-child() nth-last-of-type() first-child() first-of-type() last-child() last-of-type() only-child() only-of-type()
counting from the end - nth-last-child() vs nth-last-of-type()
these pseudo-classes work like nth-child() and nth-of-type() , but they begin counting from the last element in the group of siblings instead of the first.
.example :nth-last-child(1) { background: #a6cae7; } .example p:nth-last-of-type(1) { background: #ffdb3a; }
the first element - first-child() vs first-of-type()
the first-child() and first-of-type() pseudo-classes select the first element. they can be thought of as using the nth-child() and nth-of-type() pseudo-classes, but simply passing in a value of 1.
.example :first-child() { /* styles */ } .example :nth-child(1) { /* styles */ } /* same as above */ .example :first-of-type() { /* styles */ } .example :nth-of-type(1) { /* styles */ } /* same as above */
the last element - last-child() vs last-of-type()
these are the opposite to the first-child() and first-of-type() pseudo-classes. they can be thought of as using the nth-last-child() and nth-last-of-type() pseudo-classes, but passing in a value of 1.
.example :last-child() { /* styles */ } .example :nth-last-child(1) { /* styles */ } /* same as above */ .example :last-of-type() { /* styles */ } .example :nth-last-of-type(1) { /* styles */ } /* same as above */
the only element - only-child() vs only-of-type()
finally, these pseudo-classes will select an element that is the only child. for only-child() , the element must be literally the only child of it’s parent, regardless of type. for only-of-type() , the element need only be the only child of its type.
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ɔn ˈmidiə blɔg ˈɑrˌkaɪvz səˈlɛkt date…*… dɪˈsɛmbər, 2015 noʊˈvɛmbər, 2015 ɑkˈtoʊbər, 2015 sɛpˈtɛmbər, 2015 ˈɔgəst, 2015 ˌʤuˈlaɪ, 2015 ʤun, 2015 meɪ, 2015 ˈeɪprəl, 2015 mɑrʧ, 2015 ˈfɛbruˌɛri, 2015 ˈʤænjuˌɛri, 2015 fɑks nuz' poʊl ˈkəvərɪʤ oʊˈmɪts rænd pɔl sɪns rænd pɔl lɔnʧt hɪz bɪd fər ðə 2016 rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˌnɑməˈneɪʃən, hi həz kənˈsɪstəntli ˈfɪnɪʃt bɪtˈwin θərd ənd sɪksθ pleɪs ɪn poʊlz ðət ˌɪnˈklud ɛz ˈmɛni ɛz 19 kənˈtɛndərz. jɛt wɪn fɑks nuz rɪˈpɔrts ɔn ðoʊz poʊlz, ðə kənˈtəki ˈsɛnətər ɪz æt taɪmz ˈnoʊˌwɛr tɪ bi faʊnd. fər ˈɪnstəns: ə poʊl riˈlist ˈθərzˌdeɪ hæd pɔl ɪn sɪksθ. bət wɪn fɑks nuz ræn ən ˈɪmɪʤ əv tɛn ˈkænədɪts ˈəndər ðə ˈbænər, "ɪf ðə rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈpraɪˌmɛri wər hɛld təˈdeɪ," beɪst ɔn ðət poʊl, pɔlz neɪm ənd ˈvɪzəʤ wər ˈmɪsɪŋ. nɪk noʊts ðət fɑks nuz ˈsɪmələrli oʊˈmɪtɪd pɔl frəm ən ˌɪnˈhaʊs poʊl ɪt ræn tu wiks əˈgoʊ, ˈmɛʒərɪŋ haʊ rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈhoʊpfəlz wʊd fɛr əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən. pɔlz neɪm ʤɪst ˈwəzənt ðɛr. ˈnɛvər maɪnd ðət tu wiks praɪər tɪ ðət, fɑks nuz dɪd ˌɪnˈklud pɔlz neɪm ɪn ə ˈsərˌveɪ ðət ʃoʊd ɪm ˈpoʊlɪŋ haɪəst əˈgɛnst ˈhɪləri. ˈəpˌdeɪt p.m*.): ə fɑks nuz ˈspoʊkspərsən toʊld ðə ɔn ˈmidiə blɔg ðət ðə oʊˈmɪʃən wɑz ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən ə ˈɛrər." sɛn. pɔl əˈpɪrd ɔn fɑks nuz læst wik, ɔn meɪ 26th*.
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fox news' poll coverage omits rand paul
since rand paul launched his bid for the 2016 republican presidential nomination, he has consistently finished between third and sixth place in polls that include as many as 19 gop contenders.
yet when fox news reports on those polls, the kentucky senator is at times nowhere to be found. for instance: a quinnipiac poll released thursday had paul in sixth. but when fox news ran an image of ten candidates under the banner, "if the republican primary were held today," based on that poll, paul's name and visage were missing.
rare's nick morpus notes that fox news similarly omitted paul from an in-house poll it ran two weeks ago, measuring how republican hopefuls would fare against hillary clinton. paul's name just wasn't there. never mind that two weeks prior to that, fox news did include paul's name in a survey that showed him polling highest against hillary.
update (7:15 p.m.): a fox news spokesperson told the on media blog that the omission was nothing more than a “program error." sen. paul appeared on fox news last week, on may 26th.
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ˈmeɪʤər nuz ˈɔlˌweɪz pleɪz aʊt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ... wɛl, moʊst əv ðə taɪm, ˈɛniˌweɪ. ɪts nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋ ðət ə bɪt əv ˈnoʊtˌwərði nuz keɪm tɪ pæs ɪn ðə lænd əv ˈtæmpə beɪ ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ˈkəvərɪʤ ðɪs ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ðə ˈtæmpə beɪ taɪmz həz ə ʧeɪnʤ ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs ɪn ɪts ˈkəvərɪʤ əv ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ: ˈæftər 16 jɪrz æt ðə ˈtæmpə beɪ taɪmz ənd 13 ˈsizənz ˈkəvərɪŋ ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ, aɪ æm ˈlivɪŋ ðə ˈpeɪpər tɪ ʤɔɪn maɪ waɪf ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˌdiˈsi. ˈdeɪmiən (@lightningtimes*) meɪ 12 2014 ɪt wɑz ə greɪt rən, ənd aɪ hoʊld ðə ˈpipəl aɪ wərkt wɪθ æt ðə taɪmz ɪn ðə haɪəst rɪˈgɑrd. ʤoʊ smɪθ teɪks ˈoʊvər ðə bit ˈstɑrtɪŋ təˈdeɪ. ˈdeɪmiən (@lightningtimes*) meɪ 12 2014 wi wɪʃ ˈdeɪmiən wɛl ɔn hɪz fˈjuʧər ɪnˈdɛvərz ənd wɪl ˈsərtənli mɪs hɪz ˈænəməl haʊs ˈrɛfərənsɪz ðət ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli pɑpt əp ɪn hɪz ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz. tʊk ˈoʊvər ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ bit ɪn 1998 frəm tɑm ʤoʊnz, hu dɪˈpɑrtɪd ðə (ðɛn) st*. pit taɪmz tɪ ˈkəvər ðə ɪkˈspænʧən ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə waɪld. ʤoʊnz həz sɪns rɪˈtərnd, ˈmuvɪŋ frəm ˈkrɪtɪk tɪ ˈfiʧər ˈkɑləmnəst. ʤoʊ smɪθ, hu ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə bit, həz bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə taɪmz ɪn fər ðə pæst ˈsɛvərəl jɪrz, ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli ˈʧɪpɪŋ ɪn ɔn ɔl spɔrts ˈkəvərɪʤ fər ðə ˈpeɪpər. hi hæd meɪd ˈməltəpəl ˈfɔreɪz ˈɪntu ˈlaɪtnɪŋ lænd ðɪs ˈsizən waɪl hæd deɪz ɔf əˈweɪ frəm ˈhɑki ˈkəvərɪʤ.
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major buisness news always plays out on monday... well, most of the time, anyway. it's not surprising that a bit of noteworthy news came to pass in the land of tampa bay lightning coverage this monday morning. the tampa bay times has a change taking place in it's coverage of the lightning:
after 16 years at the tampa bay times and 13 seasons covering the lightning, i am leaving the paper to join my wife in washington dc. — damian cristodero (@lightningtimes) may 12, 2014
it was a great run, and i hold the people i worked with at the times in the highest regard. joe smith takes over the beat starting today. — damian cristodero (@lightningtimes) may 12, 2014
we wish damian well on his future endeavors and will certainly miss his animal house references that occasionally popped up in his writing over the years.
cristodero took over the lightning beat in 1998 from tom jones, who departed the (then) st. pete times to cover the expansion minnesota wild. jones has since returned, moving from sports-media critic to feature columnist.
joe smith, who is taking over the beat, has been working with the times in multi-facets for the past several years, occasionally chipping in on all sports coverage for the paper. he had made multiple forays into lightning land this season while cristodero had days off / away from hockey coverage.
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kwoʊt kwoʊt: ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ˈhaʊdi ənd flyboys*! bi blənt. straɪk ˈfaɪtərz nid lɑts əv ləv. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl dɪˈzaɪn ɪz ðət ðeɪ ər ðə ənd bət ðeɪ hæv fɪld aʊt ðɪs roʊl tu wɛl ənd bɪˈkəz əv ɪt ər ˈrɛrli ə kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɔpʃən. wi wɔnt tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt haʊ straɪk ˈfaɪtərz kən bi meɪd ˈɪntu ə gʊd ˈɔpʃən tɪ brɪŋ ɪn ˈɛni mæʧ, baɪ ˈɛni skɪl ˈlɛvəl. wi hæv səm aɪˈdiəz əv wət wi wɔnt tɪ du wɪθ ðɛm bət bɪˈkəz ðɪs kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv wɪθ kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈfidˌbæk wi wɔnt tɪ gɪt jʊr θɔts ɔn wət ju θɪŋk ɪz ðə bɛst kɔrs əv ˈækʃən. wi noʊ ðɛr ər səm fænˈtæstɪk θrɛdz ənd poʊsts əˈplɛnti ðət ɔˈrɛdi ˈkəvərd ðɪs ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən bət wi wɔnt tɪ kənˈsɑlɪˌdeɪt ənd kriˈeɪt ə ˈfoʊkɪst dɪˈskəʃən. wi wɔnt tɪ sɛt ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz ðoʊ. ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst əˈbaʊt ˈgæðərɪŋ ˈfidˌbæk ənd kriˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈfoʊkɪst dɪˈskəʃən ɔn wɪʧ tɪ ˈpɑsəbli meɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz beɪst ɔf əv. ʤɪst ə hɛdz əp ənd ˈmuskoʊ meɪd mi seɪ ɪt soʊ! wət ər jʊr pɛt pivz əˈbaʊt straɪk ˈfaɪtərz? ɪf ju kʊd ˈoʊnli pɪk wən ˈsɛkʃən tɪ bəf wʊd ju ʧuz tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðɛr məˌnuvərəˈbɪlɪti, ˈsɛkənˌdɛri ˈwɛpənz, ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈwɛpənz ər dɪˈfɛns? ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt? wət wʊd meɪk ðɛm mɔr ˈifɛktɪv ɪn boʊθ geɪm moʊdz? ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˈhirɪŋ θɔts! weɪ aɪ si ɪt, ðə taɪp əv ʃɪp ˈklæsɪz ər ˈbroʊkən daʊn laɪk ðɪs: skaʊts məˌnuvərəˈbɪlɪti ənd spid. ðeɪ ər mɛnt tɪ kæp ˈsætəˌlaɪts fæst ənd bi ðə fərst tɪ spɑt ðə ˈɛnəmi. ðɛr laɪt ˈɑrmər ɪz ˈbælənst baɪ ɪts ˈfaɪrˌpaʊər ɪn kloʊz kˈwɔrtərz ənd ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ʃut daʊn. ˈgənˌʃɪps: reɪnʤ ənd ˈtæktɪkəl. wɪθ ɪts ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkænən taɪps, ɪt kən pɪk ɔf ˈɛnəmiz frəm əˈfɑr ɛz ɪt gɑrdz ə loʊˈkeɪʃən ər dɪˈseɪbəl ə ʃɪp fər ðɛr ˈælaɪz tɪ teɪk aʊt. ɪts laɪk ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt glæs ˈkænən, bət wɪθ ə bɪt mɔr ˈɑrmər ðən ðə skaʊt. greɪt wɪn ðə ˈɛnəmi ɪz ˈhənərdz əv ˈmitərz əˈweɪ, nɑt soʊ greɪt ɪn ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt. ˈbɑmərz: dɪˈfɛns ənd səˈpɔrt. wɪn ə ˈbɑmər stɑrts ˈfɔrtɪˌfaɪɪŋ ə ˈsætəˌlaɪt ər ən ˈɛriə, ðæts ə klɪr saɪn ðət ju ˈiðər teɪk ɪt daʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt kən ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ɪts maɪnz ənd tərəts ər gɪt ðə hɛk aʊt əv ðɛr. ˈpərsənəli, aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə bɪt ɔp, sɪns ðə maɪnz ənd tərəts steɪ spɔnd ˈivɪn ˈæftər wi veɪp ðə ˈbɑmər. naʊ, aɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪf ju gaɪz hæv ʧeɪnʤd ðət sɪns læst aɪ pleɪd gsf*, bət ɪf ɪt stɪl ɪz ðət weɪ, ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ meɪk wɛr ɔl maɪnz ənd tərəts spɔnd baɪ ðə ˈbɑmər ər ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli dɪˈstrɔɪd əˈpɑn ðə ʃɪps dɪˈstrəkʃən ər ə ˈʃɔrtənd spɔn ˈpɪriəd. ju ˈlɪtərəli nid ə θərd əv jʊr skˈwɑdrən tɪ teɪk aʊt ɔl ðə maɪnz frəm ə əˈfɑr ənd ˈfoʊkɪs faɪər ɔn ðə ˈbɑmər. ɪts ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ teɪk aʊt ə ˈbɑmər ɪn ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt, sɪns ɪt kən dɪˈplɔɪ tərəts ər maɪnz tɪ bloʊ ˈjuˈɛs əp. əm ʃʊr ˈmɛni wʊd əˈgri ðət ˈbɑmərz ər ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪn tərmz əv ˈbælənst geɪm pleɪ ɪn gsf*. ˈstraɪkərz: ˈbælənst ɔl əraʊnd. ˈɑnəstli, wɪn aɪ pleɪ ɔn maɪ ˈstraɪkər ɔn ðə riˈpəblɪk saɪd, aɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ən x-wing*. ˈminɪŋ gʊd ʃildz, gʊd ˈɑrmər, ənd ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv məˌnuvərəˈbɪlɪti (bət nɑt ɛz gʊd ɛz ən a-wing*). ˈprɑbləm hir ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət ju sɛd-- ɪts tu wɛl ˈraʊndɪd. wɪn aɪ θɪŋk əv ˈstraɪkərz ɛz ə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv wət ʃɪps pleɪərz juz ɪn ðə skˈwɑdrən, aɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz biɪŋ kloʊz tɪ ə məˈʤɔrəti; wɪθ skaʊts ənd ˈgənˌʃɪps taɪɪŋ ˈsɛkənd, waɪl ˈbɑmərz ʃʊd kəm læst. aɪ seɪ, ˌɪnˈkris ɪts ˈwɛpən ənd ˈɪnʤən paʊər pul ənd ˈdiˌkris ðə lɑk ɔn taɪm ɔn ˈproʊˌtɑn tɔrˈpidoʊz fər ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr starfighter*. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə paʊər pul fər ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈɛnʤənz ər kənˈsumd tu kˈwɪkli ənd meɪks ðə ˈstraɪkər bɪˈkəm ə dɛd dək ɪn space/air*. skaʊts rən ˈsərkəlz əraʊnd ðɛm ənd meɪk ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ lɑk ɔn tɪ ðɛm; ˈgənˌʃɪps ʤɪst pɪk ðɛm ɔf ənˈlɛs ju faɪnd gʊd ˈkəvər tɪ gɪt ˈkloʊzər (skaʊts ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈbɛtər æt duɪŋ ðət, bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr spid); ˈbɑmərz meɪk ə ʤoʊk əv ðɛm wɪn ɪn ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt. ðə ˈbɑmərz ʤɪst leɪ ə maɪn ər tərət ənd ðɛn bloʊz ðə ˈstraɪkər aʊt əv ðə skaɪ. ˈstraɪkərz nid tɪ bi ðə bəlk əv ə skˈwɑdrən. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈwɛpən ənd ˈɪnʤən paʊər pul, sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, wɪl hɛlp. ˈædɪŋ ðə ˈdiˌkrist taɪm ɔn ðə ˈproʊˌtɑn tɔrˈpidoʊz wʊd bi ə pləs. ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ðə ˈməsəl ðət kən teɪk aʊt ə ˈbɑmər ənd nɑt ðə ˈəðər weɪ əraʊnd. ðæts ʤɪst maɪ əˈpɪnjən. soʊ ju ɔl noʊ wɛr əm ˈkəmɪŋ frəm, aɪ pleɪ ɔn maɪ skaʊt (flashfire*) ənd ˈstraɪkər ðə moʊst, bət ɪf aɪ hæd tɪ ʧuz wɪʧ əv ðə tu tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt wɪθ, aɪd ʧuz maɪ skaʊt, bɪˈkəz ɪt pæks ə ˈdisənt pənʧ ənd kən dək aʊt əv ə ˈluzɪŋ faɪt laɪk noʊ ˈəðər. ðət ənd ɪts ðə ˈoʊnli klæs ðət kən hæv ə ˈleɪzər ˈkænən ənd fæst ˈkləstər ˈmɪsəlz. aɪ juz maɪ skaʊt fər ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt ˈgənˌʃɪps, bət aɪ kəmˈplitli əˈvɔɪd ˈbɑmərz, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ðə ˈhɑrdəst tɪ teɪk daʊn ənˈlɛs jʊr ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈgənˌʃɪp frəm əˈfɑr. skaʊts ənd ˈstraɪkərz gɪt oʊnd ənˈlɛs ɪts ə əˈgɛnst ðə ˈbɑmər. ənd əm seɪɪŋ ðət bɪˈkəz əv ðoʊz ˈblæstɪd maɪnz ənd tərəts ðət kən bi spɔnd ɪn mid-fight*. ˈmeɪbi ɪf ðɛr wɑz ə ˈʧænəlɪŋ fər ðoʊz ðət ju kən ˌɪntərˈəpt baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ æt ðə ˈbɑmər, ðət wʊd meɪk ɪt ən ˈivɪn faɪt. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə ˈbɑmər həz ðə ˈtæktɪkəl ædˈvæntɪʤ fər ˈɛni ˈævərɪʤ pleɪər ɪn ə faɪt, ənˈlɛs jʊr ə ˈgənˌʃɪp ˈʃutɪŋ frəm əˈfɑr. aɪ si ɪt, ðə taɪp əv ʃɪp ˈklæsɪz ər ˈbroʊkən daʊn laɪk ənd spid. ðeɪ ər mɛnt tɪ kæp ˈsætəˌlaɪts fæst ənd bi ðə fərst tɪ spɑt ðə ˈɛnəmi. ðɛr laɪt ˈɑrmər ɪz ˈbælənst baɪ ɪts ˈfaɪrˌpaʊər ɪn kloʊz kˈwɔrtərz ənd ɪts əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bi ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ʃut ənd ˈtæktɪkəl. wɪθ ɪts ˈpaʊərfəl ˈkænən taɪps, ɪt kən pɪk ɔf ˈɛnəmiz frəm əˈfɑr ɛz ɪt gɑrdz ə loʊˈkeɪʃən ər dɪˈseɪbəl ə ʃɪp fər ðɛr ˈælaɪz tɪ teɪk aʊt. ɪts laɪk ə ˈmɑdərˌeɪt glæs ˈkænən, bət wɪθ ə bɪt mɔr ˈɑrmər ðən ðə skaʊt. greɪt wɪn ðə ˈɛnəmi ɪz ˈhənərdz əv ˈmitərz əˈweɪ, nɑt soʊ greɪt ɪn ə ənd səˈpɔrt. wɪn ə ˈbɑmər stɑrts ˈfɔrtɪˌfaɪɪŋ ə ˈsætəˌlaɪt ər ən ˈɛriə, ðæts ə klɪr saɪn ðət ju ˈiðər teɪk ɪt daʊn ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt kən ˈfɪnɪʃ ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ɪts maɪnz ənd tərəts ər gɪt ðə hɛk aʊt əv ðɛr. ˈpərsənəli, aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ə bɪt ɔp, sɪns ðə maɪnz ənd tərəts steɪ spɔnd ˈivɪn ˈæftər wi veɪp ðə ˈbɑmər. naʊ, aɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪf ju gaɪz hæv ʧeɪnʤd ðət sɪns læst aɪ pleɪd gsf*, bət ɪf ɪt stɪl ɪz ðət weɪ, ju maɪt wɔnt tɪ meɪk wɛr ɔl maɪnz ənd tərəts spɔnd baɪ ðə ˈbɑmər ər ˌɔtəˈmætɪkli dɪˈstrɔɪd əˈpɑn ðə ʃɪps dɪˈstrəkʃən ər ə ˈʃɔrtənd spɔn ˈpɪriəd. ju ˈlɪtərəli nid ə θərd əv jʊr skˈwɑdrən tɪ teɪk aʊt ɔl ðə maɪnz frəm ə əˈfɑr ənd ˈfoʊkɪs faɪər ɔn ðə ˈbɑmər. ɪts ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ teɪk aʊt ə ˈbɑmər ɪn ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt, sɪns ɪt kən dɪˈplɔɪ tərəts ər maɪnz tɪ bloʊ ˈjuˈɛs əp. əm ʃʊr ˈmɛni wʊd əˈgri ðət ˈbɑmərz ər ðə hɑrt əv ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪn tərmz əv ˈbælənst geɪm pleɪ ɪn ɔl əraʊnd. ˈɑnəstli, wɪn aɪ pleɪ ɔn maɪ ˈstraɪkər ɔn ðə riˈpəblɪk saɪd, aɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz ən x-wing*. ˈminɪŋ gʊd ʃildz, gʊd ˈɑrmər, ənd ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv məˌnuvərəˈbɪlɪti (bət nɑt ɛz gʊd ɛz ən a-wing*). ˈprɑbləm hir ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət ju sɛd-- ɪts tu wɛl ˈraʊndɪd. wɪn aɪ θɪŋk əv ˈstraɪkərz ɛz ə ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ əv wət ʃɪps pleɪərz juz ɪn ðə skˈwɑdrən, aɪ θɪŋk əv ɪt ɛz biɪŋ kloʊz tɪ ə məˈʤɔrəti; wɪθ skaʊts ənd ˈgənˌʃɪps taɪɪŋ ˈsɛkənd, waɪl ˈbɑmərz ʃʊd kəm seɪ, ˌɪnˈkris ɪts ˈwɛpən ənd ˈɪnʤən paʊər pul ənd ˈdiˌkris ðə lɑk ɔn taɪm ɔn ˈproʊˌtɑn tɔrˈpidoʊz fər ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr starfighter*. ðə ˈprɑbləm ɪz ðət ðə paʊər pul fər ˈwɛpənz ənd ˈɛnʤənz ər kənˈsumd tu kˈwɪkli ənd meɪks ðə ˈstraɪkər bɪˈkəm ə dɛd dək ɪn space/air*. skaʊts rən ˈsərkəlz əraʊnd ðɛm ənd meɪk ɪt ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ lɑk ɔn tɪ ðɛm; ˈgənˌʃɪps ʤɪst pɪk ðɛm ɔf ənˈlɛs ju faɪnd gʊd ˈkəvər tɪ gɪt ˈkloʊzər (skaʊts ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈbɛtər æt duɪŋ ðət, bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr spid); ˈbɑmərz meɪk ə ʤoʊk əv ðɛm wɪn ɪn ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt. ðə ˈbɑmərz ʤɪst leɪ ə maɪn ər tərət ənd ðɛn bloʊz ðə ˈstraɪkər aʊt əv ðə nid tɪ bi ðə bəlk əv ə skˈwɑdrən. ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə ˈwɛpən ənd ˈɪnʤən paʊər pul, sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli, wɪl hɛlp. ˈædɪŋ ðə ˈdiˌkrist taɪm ɔn ðə ˈproʊˌtɑn tɔrˈpidoʊz wʊd bi ə pləs. ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ðə ˈməsəl ðət kən teɪk aʊt ə ˈbɑmər ənd nɑt ðə ˈəðər weɪ ʤɪst maɪ ju ɔl noʊ wɛr əm ˈkəmɪŋ frəm, aɪ pleɪ ɔn maɪ skaʊt (flashfire*) ənd ˈstraɪkər ðə moʊst, bət ɪf aɪ hæd tɪ ʧuz wɪʧ əv ðə tu tɪ goʊ ˈɪntu ə ˈdɑgˌfaɪt wɪθ, aɪd ʧuz maɪ skaʊt, bɪˈkəz ɪt pæks ə ˈdisənt pənʧ ənd kən dək aʊt əv ə ˈluzɪŋ faɪt laɪk noʊ ˈəðər. ðət ənd ɪts ðə ˈoʊnli klæs ðət kən hæv ə ˈleɪzər ˈkænən ənd fæst ˈkləstər juz maɪ skaʊt fər ˈteɪkɪŋ aʊt ˈgənˌʃɪps, bət aɪ kəmˈplitli əˈvɔɪd ˈbɑmərz, bɪˈkəz ðɛr ðə ˈhɑrdəst tɪ teɪk daʊn ənˈlɛs jʊr ˈjuzɪŋ ə ˈgənˌʃɪp frəm əˈfɑr. skaʊts ənd ˈstraɪkərz gɪt oʊnd ənˈlɛs ɪts ə əˈgɛnst ðə ˈbɑmər. ənd əm seɪɪŋ ðət bɪˈkəz əv ðoʊz ˈblæstɪd maɪnz ənd tərəts ðət kən bi spɔnd ɪn mid-fight*. ˈmeɪbi ɪf ðɛr wɑz ə ˈʧænəlɪŋ fər ðoʊz ðət ju kən ˌɪntərˈəpt baɪ ˈʃutɪŋ æt ðə ˈbɑmər, ðət wʊd meɪk ɪt ən ˈivɪn faɪt. ˈəðərˌwaɪz, ðə ˈbɑmər həz ðə ˈtæktɪkəl ædˈvæntɪʤ fər ˈɛni ˈævərɪʤ pleɪər ɪn ə faɪt, ənˈlɛs jʊr ə ˈgənˌʃɪp ˈʃutɪŋ frəm əˈfɑr. wi haɪd ɪn pleɪn ˈɛvəri ki ˈfɪgjər ənd ˈɛvəri ˈbætəl. ju wɪl ˈnɛvər si ˈjuˈɛs ˈkəmɪŋ wɪn ɪt ɪz ɑr taɪm tɪ straɪk. ju stɑpt ɑr ˈlidər, bət nɑt ɑr ˈmuvmənt. waɪl ju fɔl, wi wɪl raɪz.... ər ju ə nu ər rɪˈtərnɪŋ pleɪər? du ju wɔnt fri, kul stəf? ðɛn hɛlp fənd ðə ˈmuvmənt juz maɪ koʊd! rɪˈfər hɪrz ə lɪŋk æt wət ju gɪt fər ˈjuzɪŋ maɪ rɪˈfər koʊd: ər ju ə nu ər rɪˈtərnɪŋ pleɪər? du ju wɔnt fri, kul hɛlp fənd juz maɪ ə lɪŋk æt wət ju gɪt fər ˈjuzɪŋ maɪ rɪˈfər koʊd:
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quote alexmodny quote: originally posted by howdy flygirls and flyboys!
i’ll be blunt. strike fighters need lots of love. the original design is that they are the jack-of-all and master-of-none but they have filled out this role too well and because of it are rarely a compelling option. we want to talk about how strike fighters can be made into a good option to bring in any match, by any skill level. we have some ideas of what we want to do with them but because this community is always very impressive with communication and feedback we want to get your thoughts on what you think is the best course of action. we know there are some fantastic threads and posts aplenty that already covered this information but we want to consolidate and create a focused discussion.
we want to set expectations though. this is just about gathering feedback and creating a focused discussion on which to possibly make changes based off of. just a heads up and musco made me say it
so! what are your pet peeves about strike fighters? if you could only pick one section to buff would you choose to improve their maneuverability, secondary weapons, primary weapons or defense? or something different? what would make them more effective in both game modes?
looking forward to hearing everyone’s thoughts!
way i see it, the type of ship classes are broken down like this:
scouts : maneuverability and speed. they are meant to cap satellites fast and be the first to spot the enemy. their light armor is balanced by it's firepower in close quarters and its ability to be difficult to shoot down.
gunships: range and tactical. with its powerful cannon types, it can pick off enemies from afar as it guards a location or disable a ship for their allies to take out. it's like a moderate glass cannon, but with a bit more armor than the scout. great when the enemy is hundreds of meters away, not so great in a dogfight.
bombers: defense and support. when a bomber starts fortifying a satellite or an area, that's a clear sign that you either take it down before it can finish setting up its mines and turrets or get the heck out of there. personally, i think it's a bit op, since the mines and turrets stay spawned even after we vape the bomber. now, i don't know if you guys have changed that since last i played gsf, but if it still is that way, you might want to make where all mines and turrets spawned by the bomber are automatically destroyed upon the ships destruction or a shortened spawn period. you literally need a third of your squadron to take out all the mines from a afar and focus fire on the bomber. it's difficult to take out a bomber in a dogfight, since it can deploy turrets or mines to blow us up. i'm sure many would agree that bombers are the heart of the problem in terms of balanced game play in gsf.
strikers: balanced all around. honestly, when i play on my striker on the republic side, i think of it as an x-wing. meaning good shields, good armor, and impressive maneuverability (but not as good as an a-wing). problem here is exactly what you said-- it's too well rounded. when i think of strikers as a ratio of what ships players use in the squadron, i think of it as being close to a majority; with scouts and gunships tying second, while bombers should come last.
i say, increase it's weapon and engine power pool and decrease the lock on time on proton torpedoes for that particular starfighter. the problem is that the power pool for weapons and engines are consumed too quickly and makes the striker become a dead duck in space/air. scouts run circles around them and make it difficult to lock on to them; gunships just pick them off unless you find good cover to get closer (scouts are actually better at doing that, because of their speed); bombers make a joke of them when in a dogfight. the bombers just lay a mine or turret and then blows the striker out of the sky.
strikers need to be the bulk of a squadron. if anything, increasing the weapon and engine power pool, significantly, will help. adding the decreased lock-on time on the proton torpedoes would be a plus. they should be the muscle that can take out a bomber and not the other way around.
that's just my opinion.
so you all know where i'm coming from, i play on my scout (flashfire) and striker the most, but if i had to choose which of the two to go into a dogfight with, i'd choose my scout, because it packs a decent punch and can duck out of a losing fight like no other. that and it's the only class that can have a shotgun-like laser cannon and fast lock-on cluster missiles.
i use my scout for taking out gunships, but i completely avoid bombers, because they're the hardest starfighters to take down unless you're using a gunship from afar. scouts and strikers get owned unless it's a 2v1 against the bomber. and i'm saying that because of those blasted mines and turrets that can be spawned in mid-fight. maybe if there was a channeling for those deployables that you can interrupt by shooting at the bomber, that would make it an even fight. otherwise, the bomber has the tactical advantage for any average player in a 1v1 fight, unless you're a gunship shooting from afar. finally!way i see it, the type of ship classes are broken down like this:maneuverability and speed. they are meant to cap satellites fast and be the first to spot the enemy. their light armor is balanced by it's firepower in close quarters and its ability to be difficult to shoot down.range and tactical. with its powerful cannon types, it can pick off enemies from afar as it guards a location or disable a ship for their allies to take out. it's like a moderate glass cannon, but with a bit more armor than the scout. great when the enemy is hundreds of meters away, not so great in a dogfight.defense and support. when a bomber starts fortifying a satellite or an area, that's a clear sign that you either take it down before it can finish setting up its mines and turrets or get the heck out of there. personally, i think it's a bit op, since the mines and turrets stay spawned even after we vape the bomber. now, i don't know if you guys have changed that since last i played gsf, but if it still is that way, you might want to make where all mines and turrets spawned by the bomber are automatically destroyed upon the ships destruction or a shortened spawn period. you literally need a third of your squadron to take out all the mines from a afar and focus fire on the bomber. it's difficult to take out a bomber in a dogfight, since it can deploy turrets or mines to blow us up. i'm sure many would agree that bombers are the heart of the problem in terms of balanced game play in gsf.balanced all around. honestly, when i play on my striker on the republic side, i think of it as an x-wing. meaning good shields, good armor, and impressive maneuverability (but not as good as an a-wing). problem here is exactly what you said-- it's too well rounded. when i think of strikers as a ratio of what ships players use in the squadron, i think of it as being close to a majority; with scouts and gunships tying second, while bombers should come last.i say, increase it's weapon and engine power pool and decrease the lock on time on proton torpedoes for that particular starfighter. the problem is that the power pool for weapons and engines are consumed too quickly and makes the striker become a dead duck in space/air. scouts run circles around them and make it difficult to lock on to them; gunships just pick them off unless you find good cover to get closer (scouts are actually better at doing that, because of their speed); bombers make a joke of them when in a dogfight. the bombers just lay a mine or turret and then blows the striker out of the sky.strikers need to be the bulk of a squadron. if anything, increasing the weapon and engine power pool, significantly, will help. adding the decreased lock-on time on the proton torpedoes would be a plus. they should be the muscle that can take out a bomber and not the other way around.that's just my opinion.so you all know where i'm coming from, i play on my scout (flashfire) and striker the most, but if i had to choose which of the two to go into a dogfight with, i'd choose my scout, because it packs a decent punch and can duck out of a losing fight like no other. that and it's the only class that can have a shotgun-like laser cannon and fast lock-on cluster missiles.i use my scout for taking out gunships, but i completely avoid bombers, because they're the hardest starfighters to take down unless you're using a gunship from afar. scouts and strikers get owned unless it's a 2v1 against the bomber. and i'm saying that because of those blasted mines and turrets that can be spawned in mid-fight. maybe if there was a channeling for those deployables that you can interrupt by shooting at the bomber, that would make it an even fight. otherwise, the bomber has the tactical advantage for any average player in a 1v1 fight, unless you're a gunship shooting from afar. we hide in plain sight--behind every key figure and every battle. you will never see us coming when it is our time to strike. you stopped our leader, but not our movement. while you fall, we will rise....
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tu ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə ˈsɪtɪzənz əv flɛd ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlænd ˈæftər ə ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk wɔr. naʊ ju stænd pɔɪzd tɪ lɛd ðɛr ˈglɔriəs rɪˈtərn. ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ˈoʊpənz ə ˈmæʤɪkəl rɛlm fɪld wɪθ ˈlɪmətləs ˌɑpərˈtunəti ənd ˈdeɪnʤərəs nu ˈpɛrəlz. priˈpɛr tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ə nu ˈkɑntənənt, ˈdənʤən, siʤ ˈwɔrˌfɛr, ənd mɔr ɔl ˈtɑrgətɪd fər lɔnʧ ɔn noʊˈvɛmbər 4 kleɪm ənd ˈkɑŋkər sɪks nu zoʊnz wɪl ˈoʊpən wɪθ ðə lɔnʧ əv ənd fɔr wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər ə gɪld tɪ kleɪm ənd rul frəm ðə ˈseɪfti əv ðɛr ˈkæsəl. 30 mɔr ˈhaʊzɪŋ speɪs wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl tɪ pleɪərz θruaʊt ðiz fɔr zoʊnz. tɪ kleɪm wən əv ðə nu zoʊnz, ə gɪld ˈlidər məst klɛnz ɪts ˈloʊdˌstoʊn wɪθ ə nu ˈpjʊrəˌfaɪɪŋ treɪd pæk. ˈklɛnzɪŋ ðə ˈloʊdˌstoʊn ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪts ðɛm ɛz lɔrd ənd gɪvz ðɛm paʊər ˈoʊvər ðə lænd. ðə gɪld meɪ ðɛn ˈkɑnstrəkt ə ˈkæsəl tɪ səraʊnd ðə ˈloʊdˌstoʊn, prəˈtɛktɪŋ ɪt frəm usurpers*. (ðə dɪˈzaɪnz fər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈkæsəl ˈsɛkʃənz kən bi ˈpərʧəst ɔn mərɑʒ aɪl.) iʧ lɔrd kəˈlɛkts ˈprɑpərti ˈtæksɪz ɪn ðə fɔrm əv goʊld frəm ɔl ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu bɪld ɪn ðɛr zoʊn ənd kən ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɛni dˈwɛlɪŋz ɪˈrɛktɪd wɪˈθɪn ðɛr wɔlz. ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli, ə siʤ ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən ˈaɪtəm fər iʧ zoʊn wɪl əˈpɪr ɔn ðə ˈɔkʃən haʊs ənd ðə haɪəst ˈbɪdər wɪl wɪn ðə raɪts tɪ siʤ ðət spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈloʊdˌstoʊn æt ə ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪtɪd taɪm. ɪf vɪkˈtɔriəs, ðət ˈlidər wɪl kleɪm ðə ˈtaɪtəl əv lɔrd, ɔl əv ðə əˈkəmpəniɪŋ paʊərz, ənd bɪˈkəm ðə nu ˈoʊnər əv ðə ˈkæsəl (ər wət rɪˈmeɪnz əv ɪt!). nu ˈdənʤən, ˈviɪkəlz, ənd mɔr serpentis*, ən ˈdənʤən ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər 10 pleɪərz, ˈdeɪbjuz wɪθ ðə lɔnʧ əv ðoʊ ˈoʊnli ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ənd ˈbreɪvəst ədˈvɛnʧərərz ʃʊd sik tɪ ˈɛnər ɪts ˈdrɛdɪd hɔlz! nu ɪˈlit ˈɛnəmiz ənd fild ˈbɔsɪz wɪl ˈimərʤ frəm ðɛr tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ˌɪnˈtrɛpəd soʊlz ˈhəŋgri fər greɪt rɪˈwɔrdz. ðə fɑrm ˈwægən wɪl bi əˈveɪləbəl fər kənˈstrəkʃən! ə ˈdəbəl ˈəpˈgreɪd ˈoʊvər ðə fɑrm kɑrt, ðɪs ˈviɪkəl kən hoʊld ə ˈtoʊtəl əv fɔr treɪd pæks fər ˈmæksəməm treɪd rut ɪˈfɪʃənsi. ˈfaɪnəli, ðə ˌsəbmərˈin wɪl swɪm ˈɪntu əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti. bɪld jʊr oʊn ənd daɪv ˈɪntu ə nu ˈɪrə əv ˈstaɪlɪʃ ˈəndərˌwɔtər ˌɛksplərˈeɪʃən! ə weɪ hoʊm lɔŋ əˈgoʊ, twɛlv ədˈvɛnʧərərz dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˈgɑrdən, ðə sɔrs əv ɔl ˈmæʤɪk ɪn ðə wərld əv erenor*. ˈgrænɪd fəˈnɑmənəl paʊərz, səm bɪˈkeɪm greɪt ˈhɪroʊz blɛst wɪθ ˌɪˈmɛns strɛŋθ ənd ˈmæʤɪkəl maɪt, waɪl ˈəðərz əˈsɛndəd tɪ ðə ˈstætəs əv gɑdz. səʧ greɪt paʊər wɑz nɑt wɪˈθaʊt kɔst, ənd ðə toʊl ɔn ðɛr maɪndz, ˈraɪvəlriz, ənd hɑrts ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli splɪt ðə frɛndz ˈɪntu ˈwɔrɪŋ ˈfækʃənz. ɪt wɑz æt ðɪs taɪm ðət, ðə gɑd əv dɪˈstrəkʃən, lɛd hɪz ˈkrɪmzən ˈɑrmi ɪn ə ˈblədi ˈkɑŋkwɛst əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkɑntənənt əv. əˈneɪbəl tɪ stɑp ðə ˈkrɪmzən ədˈvæns, ən əˈlaɪəns əv gɑdz ənd ˈhɪroʊz juˈnaɪtɪd tɪ stɑp ðɛr ˈfɔrmər frɛnd. θri ˈhɪroʊz, aranzeb*, tahyang*, ənd melisara*, lʊrd tɪ ðə ˈgɑrdən ənd ˈsækrəˌfaɪst ðɛr lɪvz tɪ kip ɪm træpt ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ˈminˌwaɪl, nui*, ðə ˈgɑdəs əv dɛθ ənd ðə hɪˈræftər, geɪv hər laɪf tɪ ˈoʊpən ə ˈmæʤɪk ˈpɔrtəl θru wɪʧ ðə ˈpipəl əv kʊd ɪˈskeɪp ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ðɛr ˈhoʊmˌlænd. ðə ˈɛntrəns tɪ ðə ˈgɑrdən wɑz ðɛn sild, ˈtræpɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wɪθ ðə ˈvaɪtəl lɪŋk tɪ ɪts ˈmæʤɪk ˈsɛvərd, tərnd ˈɪntu ə ˈbɛrən ˈweɪˌstlænd. naʊ, tu ˈθaʊzənd jɪrz ˈleɪtər, ˈɛkˌsaɪld ˈreɪsɪz hæv dɪˈskəvərd ə weɪ tɪ rɪˈstɔr ðə ˈmæʤɪk ˈjuzɪŋ. ðə taɪm fæst əˈproʊʧɪz fər nuians*, harani*, firran*, ənd ɛlvz tɪ ˈʤərni tɪ ənd riˈkleɪm ðɛr ænˈsɛstrəl ˈhoʊmˌlænd! dɪˈskəs ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɔn ðə ˈfɔrəmz.
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two thousand years ago, the citizens of auroria fled their homeland after a catastrophic war. now you stand poised to lead their glorious return.
the conquest of auroria opens a magical realm filled with limitless opportunity and dangerous new perils. prepare to explore a new continent, dungeon, siege warfare, and more – all targeted for launch on november 4!
claim and conquer
six new zones will open with the launch of auroria and four will be available for a guild to claim and rule from the safety of their player-built castle. 30% more housing space will be available to players throughout these four claimable zones.
to claim one of the new zones, a guild leader must cleanse its archeum lodestone with a new purifying archeum trade pack. cleansing the lodestone designates them as lord and gives them power over the zone’s land. the lord’s guild may then construct a castle to surround the lodestone, protecting it from would-be usurpers. (the designs for individual castle sections can be purchased on mirage isle.) each lord collects property taxes in the form of gold from all individuals who build in their zone and can also destroy any dwellings erected within their castle’s walls.
periodically, a siege declaration item for each zone will appear on the auction house and the highest bidder will win the rights to siege that specific zone’s lodestone at a designated time. if victorious, that guild’s leader will claim the title of lord, all of the accompanying powers, and become the new owner of the zone’s castle (or what remains of it!).
new dungeon, vehicles, and more
• serpentis, an end-game dungeon intended for 10 players, debuts with the launch of auroria – though only the strongest and bravest adventurers should seek to enter its dreaded halls!
• new elite enemies and field bosses will emerge from their lairs to challenge intrepid souls hungry for great rewards.
• the farm wagon will be available for construction! a double upgrade over the farm cart, this vehicle can hold a total of four trade packs for maximum trade route efficiency.
• finally, the steamfish submarine will swim into availability. build your own and dive into a new era of stylish underwater exploration!
a way home
long ago, twelve adventurers discovered the garden, the source of all magic in the world of erenor. granted phenomenal powers, some became great heroes blessed with immense strength and magical might, while others ascended to the status of gods. such great power was not without cost, and the toll on their minds, rivalries, and hearts eventually split the friends into warring factions. it was at this time that kyrios, the god of destruction, led his undead crimson army in a bloody conquest across the continent of auroria.
unable to stop the crimson army’s advance, an alliance of gods and heroes united to stop their former friend. three heroes, aranzeb, tahyang, and melisara, lured kyrios to the garden and sacrificed their lives to keep him trapped inside. meanwhile, nui, the goddess of death and the hereafter, gave her life to open a magic portal through which the people of auroria could escape the destruction of their homeland. the entrance to the garden was then sealed, trapping kyrios inside. however, with the vital link to its magic severed, auroria turned into a barren wasteland.
now, two thousand years later, auroria’s exiled races have discovered a way to restore the continent’s magic using archeum. the time fast approaches for nuians, harani, firran, and elves to journey to auroria and reclaim their ancestral homeland!
discuss this article on the forums.
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sɪns ðə 2010 səˈprim kɔrt keɪs məkˈdɑnəld vi. ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ, wɪʧ əˈplaɪd ðə ˈrulɪŋ ɪn ðə 2008 ˈhɛlər keɪs (wɪʧ sɛd ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt ˌgɛrənˈtiz ən ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl raɪt tɪ bɛr ɑrmz) tɪ steɪts ənd loʊˈkælɪtiz, ðə kɔrt həz soʊ fɑr ɪˈveɪdɪd ˈɛni nu keɪs əˈbaʊt ðə ˈlɪmɪts ənd ˈminɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt. ðoʊz tu ˈkeɪsɪz, ðoʊ, dɪd nɑt riˈzɑlv ɔl ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt haʊ ənd wɪn ənd waɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt kən riˈstrɪkt ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt raɪts. ˈhɛlər ənd məkˈdɑnəld sɛd ðət ðə raɪt tɪ pəˈzɛs ˈkɑmənli juzd ˈwɛpənz fər ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns ɪn ðə hoʊm ˈkænɑt bi ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤd, bət ˈʤəstɪs ˈæntənɪn ˈskɑljə ɪn hɪz məˈʤɔrəti əˈpɪnjən ɪn ˈhɛlər ɪkˈsplɪsətli sɛd ðɪs min ˈɛniˌθɪŋ goʊz wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd ðɛr gənz. ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˈkeɪsɪz ðət traɪ tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ðə whos*, whens*, ənd əv ɑr ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt raɪts ər ˈpərkəˌleɪtɪŋ θru ðə loʊər kɔrts, ənd səm ər traɪɪŋ tɪ wɛnd ðɛr weɪ tɪ ðə səˈprim kɔrt. hir ər θri əv ðə moʊst ˈrɛləvənt ˈæktɪv ˈkeɪsɪz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt, wənz ðət ˈprɑməs tɪ ɪkˈspænd ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt ˈlɪbərˌti, ənd riˈzɑlv səm əv ðə kɔr ˈɪʃuz lɛft ənrɪˈzɑlvd baɪ ˈhɛlər ənd məkˈdɑnəld. tu əv ðɛm wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi kənˈsɪdərd fər baɪ ðə səˈprim kɔrt (ðoʊ ˈwɛðər ðeɪ wɪl teɪk ðɛm əp ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz hɑrd tɪ prɪˈdɪkt). nɛkst: vi.
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since the 2010 supreme court case mcdonald v. chicago, which applied the ruling in the 2008 heller case (which said the second amendment guarantees an individual right to bear arms) to states and localities, the court has so far evaded any new case about the limits and meaning of the second amendment.
those two cases, though, did not resolve all the important questions about how and when and why the government can restrict second amendment rights. heller and mcdonald said that the right to possess commonly used weapons for self-defense in the home cannot be infringed, but justice antonin scalia in his majority opinion in heller explicitly said this didn’t mean anything goes when it comes to americans and their guns.
many other cases that try to define the whos, whens, and hows of our second amendment rights are percolating through the lower courts, and some are trying to wend their way to the supreme court.
here are three of the most relevant active cases involving the second amendment, ones that promise to expand second amendment liberty, and resolve some of the core issues left unresolved by heller and mcdonald. two of them will likely be considered for certiorari by the supreme court (though whether they will take them up is always hard to predict).
next: nra v. batfe
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ˈdɛpjətiz ər ˈkipɪŋ ə kloʊz wɔʧ fər ðə nɛkst tu wiks ɔn tu ˈstrɛʧɪz əv ˈhɪlzbəroʊ ˈkaʊnti ˈroʊdˌweɪz bɪˈkəz əv əˈgrɛsɪv ənd ˈrɛkləs ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðɛr, ðə ˈhɪlzbəroʊ ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs sɛd. ˈdɛpjətiz ɪn mɑrkt ənd ənˈmɑrkt ˈviɪkəlz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈwɔrnɪŋ saɪnz, wɪl bi ɪn pleɪs əˈlɔŋ juz. 301 frəm ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 4 nɔrθ tɪ ðə ˈpɑskoʊ ˈkaʊnti laɪn, ənd əˈlɔŋ ˌɪntərˈsteɪt 4 frəm ist tɪ ðə poʊlk ˈkaʊnti laɪn, ðə ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs sɛd. ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪl bi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd ˈivnɪŋ rəʃ aʊərz ənd pik ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈtrævəl taɪmz. ðə ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈɛfərt ɪz ə rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈsɪtɪzən kəmˈpleɪnts, ˈkræʃɪz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ənd ˌɑbzərˈveɪʃənz baɪ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈɔfɪsərz. ðə ˈpərpəs ɪz tɪ prəˈvaɪd seɪf ˈtrævəl fər ˈmoʊtərɪsts, ˈbaɪˌsɪklɪsts ənd pəˈdɛstriənz, ðə ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈɔfəs sɛd. ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪl bi ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ fər tu wiks ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ˈivnɪŋ rəʃ aʊərz ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ pik ˈtræfɪk ˈpɪriədz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈwiˌkɛndz.
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deputies are keeping a close watch for the next two weeks on two stretches of hillsborough county roadways because of aggressive and reckless driving there, the hillsborough county sheriff's office said.
deputies in marked and unmarked vehicles, as well as digital warning signs, will be in place along u.s. 301 from interstate 4 north to the pasco county line, and along interstate 4 from i-75 east to the polk county line, the sheriff's office said.
operations will be focus on morning and evening rush hours and peak weekend travel times.
the targeting effort is a response to citizen complaints, crashes reported and observations by law enforcement officers.
the purpose is to provide safe travel for motorists, bicyclists and pedestrians, the sheriff's office said.
operations will be ongoing for two weeks during the morning, evening rush hours and during peak traffic periods during the weekends.
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ˈwɛðər ðə foʊn kɔlz wər mɪsɪnˈtərprətɪd ər nɑt, ɪt wɑz ˈsərtənli ə ˈɛfərt. ˈɛvəri dɪˈsɪʒən ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən naʊ meɪks ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ əˈlæskə wɪl bi ˌɪnˈtərprətəd θru ðə lɛnz əv ðə hɛlθ kɛr dɪˈspjut ənd sin ɛz səm kaɪnd əv ˈpənɪʃmənt əv ˈɪnəsənt ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪf ðə steɪt ˈsəfərz. nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ðə fækt ðət ˈmɪstər. zɪŋk wɑz pʊt ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ə ˈlɔˌmeɪkər hu ˈoʊvərˌsiz hɪz ˈbəʤɪt ənd ˈpɑləsi ˈproʊˌgræmz. mɪz. mərˈkaʊski ɪz ðə ˈʧɛrˌwʊmən əv boʊθ ðə kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈɛnərʤi ənd ˈnæʧərəl ˈrisɔrsɪz ənd ðə əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz ˈsəbkəˈmɪti ðət fəndz ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ʃi ˈɑrgjuəbli həz mɔr kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər səm ˈæˌspɛkts əv ðə ˈeɪʤənsi ðən ðə ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri həz. maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns, ɪt ɪz nɑt waɪz fər ə ˈkæbənət ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri tɪ ˈbʊli ðə ˈpərsən hu kənˈtroʊlz hɪz pərs strings,”*,” sɛd ˈdeɪvɪd heɪz, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈdɛpjəti ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri əv ðə ˌɪnˈtɪriər ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən, hu həz wərkt ˈkloʊsli wɪθ mɪz. mərˈkaʊski. ˈvɛri ˈkjʊriəs: hi simz tɪ hæv ðə riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ˈbækwərd. ɪn ˈmɛni rɪˈspɛkts, ʃi ɪz hɪz boss.”*.” mɪz. stæns əˈgɛnst ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ ˈboʊlstər hər æt hoʊm ɪn ðə ʃɔrt tərm. ˈsɛnətər ˈsuzən ˈkɑlɪnz, rɪˈpəblɪkən əv meɪn, hu ʤɔɪnd mɪz. mərˈkaʊski ɪn kənˈsɪstəntli əˈpoʊzɪŋ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt læst wik, rɪˈsivd spɑnˈteɪniəs əˈplɔz frəm ˈpipəl hu wər əˈweɪtɪŋ ðɛr flaɪts wɪn ʃi əraɪvd æt ðə ˈbæŋˌgɔr, mi., ˈɛrˌpɔrt læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ædˈmaɪr ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns, ənd bɛt ðeɪ ædˈmaɪr ɪt ˈivɪn mɔr ɪn alaska,”*,” sɛd ˈsɛnətər ˈrɪʧərd ʤeɪ. ˈdərbɪn, ˈdɛməˌkræt əv ˌɪləˈnɔɪz, prɪˈdɪktɪŋ səʧ ˈprɛʃər ˈtæktɪks wʊd feɪl ə ˈkɑmən ˈsɛnəmənt ɔn ˈkæpɪtəl hɪl. bɪn duɪŋ ðɪs fər ə lɔŋ taɪm, ənd ˈsɛldəm sin θrɛts tɪ bi ˈvɛri effective,”*,” sɛd ˈsɛnətər rɔɪ blənt, rɪˈpəblɪkən əv məˈzʊri. ɪn fækt, ðə ˈɑpəzɪt tæk həz ˈjuʒəwəli pruvd mɔr ˈifɛktɪv, wɪθ ˈlɔˌmeɪkərz mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ bɛnd wɪn ˈɔfərd ˈbɛnəfɪts ənd ˈgʊdiz fər ðɛr steɪts. ˈkɛrəts hæv prəˈdust mɔr kənˈgrɛʃənəl wɪnz ðən stɪks.
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whether the phone calls were misinterpreted or not, it was certainly a ham-handed effort. every decision the administration now makes in regard to alaska will be interpreted through the lens of the health care dispute and seen as some kind of punishment of innocent residents if the state suffers.
not to mention the fact that mr. zinke was put in the position of challenging a lawmaker who oversees his budget and policy programs. ms. murkowski is the chairwoman of both the committee on energy and natural resources and the appropriations subcommittee that funds the interior department. she arguably has more control over some aspects of the agency than the secretary has.
“in my experience, it is not wise for a cabinet secretary to bully the person who controls his purse strings,” said david hayes, the former deputy secretary of the interior during the obama administration, who has worked closely with ms. murkowski. “it’s very curious: he seems to have the relationship backward. in many respects, she is his boss.”
ms. murkowski’s stance against the administration is likely to bolster her at home in the short term. senator susan collins, republican of maine, who joined ms. murkowski in consistently opposing the president last week, received spontaneous applause from people who were awaiting their flights when she arrived at the bangor, me., airport last friday.
“people admire independence, and i’ll bet they admire it even more in alaska,” said senator richard j. durbin, democrat of illinois, predicting such pressure tactics would fail a common sentiment on capitol hill.
“i’ve been doing this for a long time, and i’ve seldom seen threats to be very effective,” said senator roy blunt, republican of missouri.
in fact, the opposite tack has usually proved more effective, with lawmakers more likely to bend when offered benefits and goodies for their states. carrots have produced more congressional wins than sticks.
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frəm θɪŋk ˈprɑˌgrɛs kəmz ðɪs ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn əv ðə æd prəˈdust baɪ ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkən trəst pæk, ənd wɪʧ ɪz ˈɛrɪŋ ɔn fɑks əˈfɪliˌeɪts əraʊnd ðə ˈkəntri: ˈsɛvərəl fɑks ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃənz ənd wən ˈeɪˌbiˌsi əˈfɪliˌeɪt ɪn ki ˈbætəlˌgraʊnd steɪts ər ˈrənɪŋ ə rɪˈpəblɪkən frənt ˌprɑpəˈgændə ɛz peɪd ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfaɪnəl deɪz ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən. ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkən trəst pæk, rən baɪ kənˈsərvətɪv kənˈspɪrəsi θiərɪst skɑt ˈwilər, həz ˈpərʧəst ˈɛrˌtaɪm ɪn kənˈtəki, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, ˈaɪəwə, wɪˈskɑnsən, ənd nɔrθ ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə tɪ ˈbrɔdˌkæst ɪts point”*” pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈtæk æd, ˈstɑrtɪŋ læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˈjuzɪŋ klɪps frəm townhall.com*, wərld nɛt ˈdeɪli, fɑks ˈbɪznɪs, cnsnews.com*, ənd glɛn bɛk, ˈnɛreɪtər i. ˈdəbəlju. ˈʤæksən ˌɪnˈvoʊks ðə əv ˈeɪkɔrn, rɛv. ˌʤɛrəˈmaɪə raɪt, ðə nu blæk ˈpænθər ˈpɑrti, ˌhɑˈmɑs, ənd maʊ tɪ peɪnt ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti ɛz ““extreme,”*,” ““treacherous,”*,” ““socialist,”*,” ənd hostility”*” təˈwɔrdz əˈmɛrɪkə. ɛz aɪ roʊt tu jɪrz əˈgoʊ ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn, ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈpəblɪkən trəst lɔnʧt ə ənd awe”*” kæmˈpeɪn əˈgɛnst ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ðət ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈlɪŋkɪŋ ɪm tɪ ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts ənd ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət hi plænd tɪ gɪv aʊt drivers’*’ ˈlaɪsənsɪz tɪ ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts: ðə pæk wɑz ˈfaʊndɪd baɪ skɑt ˈwilər, ə ˈfɔrmər ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt fər ðə ˈɪnˌsaɪt ˈmægəˌzin, ənd ˈpitər ˈlaɪtnər, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈpɛnɪˌgɑn ædˈvaɪzər ənd ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə ˈhɪgɪnz ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm ˈrisərʧ ˈsɛnər, wɪʧ treɪnz lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌpərsəˈnɛl ɔn ˈkaʊntərˌtɛrərˌɪzəm. ˈwilər həz ə ˈhɪstəri ˈwərkɪŋ fər anti-democratic*, kənˈsərvətɪv ˌpəblɪˈkeɪʃənz. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈwərkɪŋ fər ˈɪnˌsaɪt, ˈwilər wɑz ə ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt fər ðə investigator,”*,” ə ˈsɪndɪˌkeɪtɪd ˈmənθli ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈproʊˌgræm ðət kənˈsərvətɪv ˈæktɪvɪsts heɪld fər fˈjulɪŋ ðə faɪərz əv ðə ˈnumərəs rɪˈpəblɪkən ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃənz əv ðə ˈklɪntən ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ɪn ðə 1990s*. wən 2008 æd əˈgɛnst ˌoʊˈbɑmə, fɪld wɪθ ˈaʊˈtraɪt ˈfælsˌhʊdz ənd ˌɪnjuˈɛndoʊ, wɑz prəˈnaʊnst ənd wrong”*” baɪ ðə ˈɪnstɪˌtut ʤɪm ˈhɑrpər. ˈərliər ðɪs jɪr ˈjuzɪŋ ðə seɪm ˈfoʊni ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm skɛrz ənd ðə wɑz bɪˈhaɪnd ən kæmˈpeɪn. ˈwilər, hu kleɪmd tɪ hæv brɔt ðə mosque”*” tɪ əˈtɛnʃən, dɪˈmændɪd ɪn ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ əˈpil, nid tɪ æsk ˈdɛməˌkræts ðə ˈsɪmpəl kˈwɛʃən, ju stænd wɪθ əˈmɛrɪkə, ər du ju stænd wɪθ hər enemies?'”*?'” ɪn ˈəðər wərdz, conspiracy-minded*, əˈtæk ædz ər ˈnəθɪŋ nu fər ðɪs kru; ɪts kruˈseɪd əˈgɛnst ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ɪn 2010 ðoʊ, həz ɪkˈsplɪsətli rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz ðət boʊθ əˈsərt hi ɪz ə ˈməzlɪm ənd ðət hi ənd ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ər. ðə point”*” æd ɪmˈplɔɪz ðə ˈnɛrətɪv skɪlz əv ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən ˈpæstər e.w*. ˈʤæksən, ə ˈfeɪvərɪt əv ðə rɪˈlɪʤəs raɪt hu, ɪn hɪz ˈrisənt ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə blæk ʧərʧ community,”*,” roʊt ðət ðə blæk kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ɪn ðə grip”*” əv ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈpɑrti, wɪʧ bɪˈkəm ə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən əv ðə ˈgɑdləs, səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ əˈbɔrʃənɪsts, ˌhoʊmoʊˈsɛkʃuəl ˈæktɪvɪsts, ˌpɔrˈnɑgrəfərz, kəˈsinoʊ ˈgæmbəlɪŋ, ˈæktɪvɪsts ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˌligələˈzeɪʃən əv ˌmɛrəˈwɑnə ənd ðə aclu.”*.” səm əv ˈrisənt ˈkɑləmz æt ðə kənˈsərvətɪv saɪt hæv ˌɪnˈkludɪd ˈɛnəmiz prɪˈfər obama,”*,” əv jihad”*” (rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ˈnænsi pɛˈloʊsi), ənd ˈstɪmjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈmɑrksɪst ˌrɛvəˈluʃən ˈjuzɪŋ ˈtækˌspeɪər money.”*.” ðiz, ənd ðə æd, ər nɑt ˈmɪrli wərdz əv pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˌdimənəˈzeɪʃən; ðeɪ ɪˈvoʊk rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈkɑnflɪkt ənd ˌkrɪsʧiˈænɪti ˈvərsəz səˈtænɪk ˈfɔrsɪz. ðə pæk reɪzd 11 ˈmɪljən ənd spɛnt 10 ˈmɪljən ɪn ðə 2008 ˈsaɪkəl; ðɪs taɪm ɪts hɔl ɪz kwaɪt ə bɪt sˈmɔlər (əˈbaʊt ˈmɪljən soʊ fɑr). bət ðət stɑpt ɪt frəm ˈəpɪŋ ɪts ˈɛfərts ˈoʊvər 2008 ɪn ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ əˈpil fər point,”*,” skɑt ˈwilər roʊt, ɪkˈsploʊsɪv ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri point”*” wɪl ˈfʊli ˈnæʃənəˌlaɪz ðɪs ɪˈlɛkʃən ənd ɪˈlɛktrəˌfaɪ ə juʤ ˈvoʊtɪŋ beɪs əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈləvɪŋ kənˈsərvətɪvz. ðɛr wɪl bi noʊ weɪ fər ˈdɛməˌkræts tɪ dɪˈfɛnd wət wi wɪl brɪŋ tɪ light.”*.” ɪn əˈnəðər, hi roʊt, ər goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈproʊdus ə 25 ˈmɪnət ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri ɔn ˌoʊˈbɑmə, rid, pɛˈloʊsi ənd wət ðə ˈəðər kərəpt ˈdɛməˌkræts hæv dən tɪ ɑr ˈkəntri wɪθ ðɛr ˈælaɪz səʧ ɛz ˌbɪljəˈnɛr ʤɔrʤ ˈsɔroʊs, ðə bɪg ˈleɪbər ˈjunjənz ənd ˈrædɪkəl islamists.”*.”
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from think progress comes this breakdown of the 25-minute ad produced by the national republican trust pac, and which is airing on fox affiliates around the country:
several fox television stations and one abc affiliate in key battleground states are running a republican front group’s anti-obama propaganda as paid programming in the final days leading up to the election. the national republican trust pac, run by conservative conspiracy theorist scott wheeler, has purchased airtime in kentucky, pennsylvania, iowa, wisconsin, and north carolina to broadcast its 25-minute “breaking point” political attack ad, starting last friday. using clips from townhall.com, world net daily, fox business, cnsnews.com, and glenn beck, narrator e. w. jackson invokes the boogeymen of acorn, rev. jeremiah wright, the new black panther party, hamas, and mao tse-tung to paint president obama and the democratic party as “extreme,” “treacherous,” “socialist,” and “with hostility” towards america.
as i wrote two years ago during the presidential campaign, the national republican trust launched a “shock and awe” campaign against barack obama, that included linking him to terrorists and claiming that he planned to give out drivers’ licenses to would-be terrorists:
the pac was founded by scott wheeler, a former correspondent for the moonie-owned insight magazine, and peter leitner, a former pentagon adviser and president of the higgins counterterrorism research center, which trains law enforcement personnel on counterterrorism. wheeler has a history working for anti-democratic, scandal-mongering conservative publications. before working for insight, wheeler was a correspondent for the “american investigator,” a syndicated monthly television program that conservative activists hailed for fueling the fires of the numerous republican investigations of the clinton administration in the 1990s.
one 2008 nrt ad against obama, filled with outright falsehoods and smoke-and-mirrors innuendo, was pronounced “despicable and wrong” by the cato’s institute jim harper. earlier this year using the same phony terrorism scares and anti-muslim fearmongering the nrt was behind an anti-park51 campaign. wheeler, who claimed to have brought the “monstrous 13-story mosque” to america’s attention, demanded in a fundraising appeal, “we need to ask democrats the simple question, ‘do you stand with america, or do you stand with her enemies?'”
in other words, conspiracy-minded, us-versus-them attack ads are nothing new for this crew; its crusade against obama and the democrats in 2010, though, has explicitly religious intentions that both assert he is a muslim and that he and the democrats are anti-christian. the 25-minute “breaking point” ad employs the narrative skills of african-american pastor e.w. jackson, a favorite of the religious right who, in his recent “open letter to the black church community,” wrote that the black community is in the “death grip” of the democratic party, which “has become a coalition of the godless, supported by abortionists, homosexual activists, pornographers, casino gambling, activists calling for legalization of marijuana and the anti-christian aclu.”
some of wheeler’s recent columns at the conservative site townhall have included “america’s enemies prefer obama,” “queen of jihad” (referring to nancy pelosi), and “obama stimulating marxist revolution using taxpayer money.” these, and the ad, are not merely words of political demonization; they evoke religious conflict and christianity versus satanic forces.
the pac raised $11 million and spent $10 million in the 2008 cycle; this time its haul is quite a bit smaller (about $3.4 million so far). but that hasn’t stopped it from upping its efforts over 2008. in a fundraising appeal for “breaking point,” scott wheeler wrote, “our explosive documentary “breaking point” will fully nationalize this election and electrify a huge voting base of american loving conservatives. there will be no way for democrats to defend what we will bring to light.” in another, he wrote, “we are going to produce a 25 minute documentary on obama, reid, pelosi and what the other corrupt democrats have done to our country with their left-wing allies such as billionaire george soros, the big labor unions and radical islamists.”
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ˈnɪrli ə mənθ ˈæftər ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ðət ʃʊk ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt ɪt ʃʊd bi əˈpɛrənt baɪ naʊ ðət ðə ˈmidiə həz noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz əv ˈræʧətɪŋ daʊn ðɛr wɔr ɔn ˈdɑnəld trəmp. ðə həz bɪn ˈgritɪd baɪ ən ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪɪŋ ˈtɔrənt əv baɪl ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ɪm ˌbiˈfɔr hi ɪz swɔrn ˈɪntu ˈɔfəs ðət həz bɪn spjud baɪ ðə dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd hu ər stɪl ˈkɛriɪŋ ðə flæg fər ˈhɪləri. trəmp həz bɪn həræŋd ˌɪnˈsɛsəntli, hɪz əˈpɔɪntiz ər biɪŋ dɪˈnaʊnst ɛz ˈreɪsɪsts ənd waɪt ˈnæʃənəlɪsts, hɪz ˈseɪvɪŋ əv əˈmɛrɪkən ʤɑbz mɑkt ənd dɪˈraɪdɪd ənd ə ˈɛfərt baɪ ˈklɪntən ənd hər ˈælaɪz tɪ ˌriˈkaʊnt θri rəst bɛlt steɪts ðət trəmp wən həz bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ə lɪˈʤɪtəməsi ðət ɪt dɪˈzərv. naʊ, ðə ˈhaʊlɪŋ həz ˈbeɪgən ˈoʊvər ə kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri ˈtɛləˌfoʊn kɔl rɪˈsivd baɪ trəmp baɪ ˈtaɪwɑˈniz ˈprɛzɪdənt tsaɪ ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ˈnɪrli ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli ðə ˈmidiə bɪˈgæn skˈwilɪŋ laɪk stək pɪgz ˈoʊvər haʊ ðə ˈdɑnəld wʊd dɛr tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn səʧ ə ˌprɑvəˈkeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ˈʧaɪnə. ðɪs ɪz mɔr ðən ə bɪt aɪˈrɑnɪk ɪn ðət ðiz ər ðə seɪm ˈvɔɪsɪz ðət hæv spɛnt mənθs ˈreɪlɪŋ əˈgɛnst trəmp ɛz ə ˈpəpɪt əv ˈrəʃən ˈlidər vˈlædəmɪr ˈputɪn jɛt ðeɪ ər ˈræliɪŋ tɪ ðə dɪˈfɛns əv ə ˈjumən raɪts əˈbjuzɪŋ ˌtoʊˌtælɪˈtɛriən steɪt ðət ɪz əˈməŋ ðə moʊst riˈprɛsɪv ɔn ðə ˈplænət. ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɪz ʤɪst fɪt tɪ bi taɪd ðət spiks wɪθ ˈlidər, ən əˈfrənt tɪ china”*”: ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp spoʊk baɪ ˈtɛləˌfoʊn wɪθ ˈprɛzɪdənt ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ə ˈstraɪkɪŋ breɪk wɪθ ˈnɪrli fɔr ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk ˈpræktɪs ðət kʊd prɪˈsɪpɪˌteɪt ə ˈmeɪʤər rɪft wɪθ ˈʧaɪnə ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmɪstər. trəmp teɪks ˈɔfəs. ˈmɪstər. ˈɔfəs sɛd hi hæd ˈspoʊkən wɪθ ðə ˈtaɪwɑˈniz ˈprɛzɪdənt, tsaɪ, ˈɔfərd hər congratulations.”*.” hi ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ðə fərst ˈprɛzɪdənt ər hu həz ˈspoʊkən tɪ ə ˈtaɪwɑˈniz ˈlidər sɪns æt list 1979 wɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈsɛvərd ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk taɪz wɪθ ˈtaɪˈwɑn ɛz pɑrt əv ɪts ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv ðə riˈpəblɪk əv ˈʧaɪnə. ɪn ðə ˈsteɪtmənt, ˈmɪstər. ˈɔfəs sɛd ðə tu ˈlidərz hæd ˈnoʊtɪd kloʊz ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk, pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ənd sɪˈkjʊrəti ties”*” bɪtˈwin ˈtaɪˈwɑn ənd ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ˈmɪstər. trəmp, ɪt sɛd, kənˈgræʧəˌleɪtɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt tsaɪ ɔn bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈtaɪˈwɑn ˈərliər ðɪs year.”*.” ˈmɪstər. ˈmoʊtɪvz ɪn ˈteɪkɪŋ ðə kɔl, wɪʧ ˈlæstɪd mɔr ðən 10 ˈmɪnəts, wər nɑt klɪr. ənd ðə həz ʃoʊn ˈlɪtəl hid fər ðə ˈnuɑnsɪz əv ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl dɪˈploʊməsi, ˈhoʊldɪŋ ə ˈsɪriz əv ənˈskrɪptɪd foʊn kɔlz tɪ ˈfɔrən ˈlidərz ðət hæv rɔɪld ˈsɛnsɪtɪv riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps wɪθ ˈbrɪtən, ˈɪndiə ənd ˈpækɪˌstæn. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ðə waɪt haʊs ərʤd ˈmɪstər. trəmp tɪ juz ˈɛkspərts frəm ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt tɪ priˈpɛr ɪm fər ðiz ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz. ðə waɪt haʊs wɑz nɑt toʊld əˈbaʊt ˈmɪstər. kɔl ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ɪt ˈhæpənd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ə ˈsinjər ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈfɪʃəl. bət ˈæftərwərd, ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈgəvərnmənt ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd ðə waɪt haʊs tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə ˈmætər. ˈhɪləri pɛt ˈmidiə wɑz ˈjunəˌfaɪd ɪn ðɛr kənˈtɛmpt fər trəmp. pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ weɪld ɪn ə ˈʧaɪnə ʃɑp: trəmp rɪsks ˌdɪpləˈmætɪk bloʊəp ɪn asia”*”, ðə ˈgɑrdiən foʊn kɔl wɪθ ˈtaɪˈwɑn ˈprɛzɪdənt rɪsks wrath”*”, ðə ˈhəfɪŋtən poʊst kroʊd ˈlɑʤɪz ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈæftər trəmp kɔl wɪθ ˈtaɪˈwɑn president”*” ənd ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ təˈdeɪ: ˈprɛzɪdənt kɔl wɑz trick’”*’”. ə ˈsæmpəl frəm ðə twitterverse*: ˈjuˈɛs ˈʧeɪmbər ɪn ˈʧaɪnə sɪz nu trəmp ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈbɛtər tɪ gɪt əp tɪ spid kˈwɪkli ˈæftər ˈtaɪˈwɑn rɑ ˈstɔri (@rawstory*) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 sɪz, ɪn ɪkˈskjuz, trəmp nu wət hi wɑz duɪŋ wɪn hi kɔld ˈtaɪˈwɑn prez*. dɪz ʃi nɑt ˈriəˌlaɪz ðæts wərs ðən ə mɪˈsteɪk? kərt (@kurteichenwald*) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 ˈʧaɪnə ˈlɑʤɪz ən əˈfɪʃəl kəmˈpleɪnt wɪθ ðə juz. ˈoʊvər trəmps foʊn kɔl wɪθ ˈtaɪˈwɑn: ðə ˈdeɪli bist (@thedailybeast*) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 rɪˈvild: trəmp ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən aɪz ˈtaɪˈwɑn fər nuəst ˈləgʒəri rɪˈzɔrt loʊˈkeɪʃən rɑ ˈstɔri (@rawstory*) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 haʊ du wi noʊ ðət ðə trəmp ˈoʊvərˌʧʊrz təˈwɔrdz ˈtaɪˈwɑn ənd ðə ˌfɪləˈpinz ˈɑrənt ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd baɪ ˈpərsɪnəl kəˈmərʃəl ˈɪntəˌrɛst? æn ˈæpəlˌbaʊm (@anneapplebaum*) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 noʊ juz. ˈprɛzɪdənt ər ɪz noʊn tɪ hæv ˈspoʊkən tɪ ə ˈtaɪwɑˈniz ˈlidər sɪns 1979 pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ (@pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 trəmp ˌhaʊˈɛvər wɑz kwɪk tɪ dɪˈfɛnd hɪmˈsɛlf: ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ haʊ ðə juz. sɛlz ˈtaɪˈwɑn ˈbɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈwɪpmənt bət aɪ ʃʊd nɑt əkˈsɛpt ə kənˈgræʧələˌtɔri kɔl. ˈdɑnəld ʤeɪ. trəmp (@realdonaldtrump*) dɪˈsɛmbər 3 2016 ɛz ˈmɛni hu hæv ˈəndərˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd trəmp sɪns læst hi ˈɛnərd ðə reɪs, prəˈsidəd tɪ it ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt rɪˈpəblɪkən drim fild əv 16 ˈkænədɪts fər ˈbrɛkfəst ənd ðɛn snəf aʊt ðə drimz əv kwin ˈhɪləri ʃʊd hæv ˈlərnɪd, ðɛr ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ ðət ðə tərn tɪ hɪz ædˈvæntɪʤ. ˈmeɪbi trəmp ɪz ˈkreɪzi laɪk ə fɑks. wɪθ ðə ˈdɛməˌkræts ənd ðɛr ˈmidiə ˈməŋkiz kənˈtɪnjuəli traɪɪŋ tɪ peɪnt trəmp ɛz ə ˈkrɛmlɪn ˈpəpɪt pərˈhæps naʊ hi kən tərn ðə ˈteɪbəlz ɔn ðə news”*” ˈmɪnjənz ənd pɔɪnt ðə ˈfɪŋgər æt ðɛm fər ˈkɑdəlɪŋ ə ˌtoʊˌtælɪˈtɛriən, ˈjumən raɪts əˈbjuzɪŋ steɪt laɪk ˈʧaɪnə. ðɪs ʃʊd gɪt ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ ɛz ðə ʃu wɪl bi ɔn ðə ˈəðər fʊt fər ðə ˈʧaɪnə ənd wən gɪts ðə ˈfilɪŋ ðət ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz hoʊld ðə republic”*” ɪn ɛz haɪ ɛˈstim ɛz ðə ˈmidiə dɪz, əˈspɛʃəli sɪns ðeɪ hæv bɪn ɔn ðə rɪˈsivɪŋ ɛnd əv ðə ˈfrɛnzi ðət həz hɛlpt tɪ bɪld ˈfɔrənərz ˈɪntu ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpaʊərˌhaʊsɪz waɪl ˈdɛsəˌmeɪtɪŋ ðə dəˈmɛstɪk ʤɑb ˈmɑrkɪt. ərˈɪʤənəli ˈpəblɪʃt æt
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nearly a month after the election that shook the establishment it should be apparent by now that the media has no intentions of ratcheting down their war on donald trump. the president-elect has been greeted by an intensifying torrent of bile intended to delegitimize him before he is sworn into office that has been spewed by the discredited presstitutes who are still carrying the flag for hillary.
trump has been harangued incessantly, his appointees are being denounced as racists and white nationalists, his saving of american jobs mocked and derided and a post-election effort by clinton and her allies to recount three rust belt states that trump won has been given a legitimacy that it deserve. now, the howling has begun over a congratulatory telephone call received by trump by taiwanese president tsai ing-wen on friday.
nearly immediately the media began squealing like stuck pigs over how the donald would dare to engage in such a provocation against china. this is more than a bit ironic in that these are the same voices that have spent months railing against trump as a puppet of russian leader vladimir putin yet they are rallying to the defense of a human rights abusing totalitarian state that is among the most repressive on the planet.
the new york times is just fit to be tied that “trump speaks with taiwan’s leader, an affront to china”:
president-elect donald j. trump spoke by telephone with taiwan’s president on friday, a striking break with nearly four decades of diplomatic practice that could precipitate a major rift with china even before mr. trump takes office. mr. trump’s office said he had spoken with the taiwanese president, tsai ing-wen, “who offered her congratulations.” he is believed to be the first president or president-elect who has spoken to a taiwanese leader since at least 1979, when the united states severed diplomatic ties with taiwan as part of its recognition of the people’s republic of china. in the statement, mr. trump’s office said the two leaders had noted “the close economic, political, and security ties” between taiwan and the united states. mr. trump, it said, “also congratulated president tsai on becoming president of taiwan earlier this year.” mr. trump’s motives in taking the call, which lasted more than 10 minutes, were not clear. and the president-elect has shown little heed for the nuances of international diplomacy, holding a series of unscripted phone calls to foreign leaders that have roiled sensitive relationships with britain, india and pakistan. on thursday, the white house urged mr. trump to use experts from the state department to prepare him for these exchanges. the white house was not told about mr. trump’s call until after it happened, according to a senior administration official. but afterward, the chinese government contacted the white house to discuss the matter.
hillary pet media was unified in their contempt for trump. politico wailed “bull in a china shop: trump risks diplomatic blowup in asia”, the guardian yelped “trump’s phone call with taiwan president risks china’s wrath”, the huffington post crowed “china lodges protest after trump call with taiwan president” and usa today chirped “china: trump-taiwan president call was ‘small trick’”.
a sample from the twitterverse:
us chamber in china says new trump administration better to get up to speed quickly after taiwan flub https://t.co/ewfvfxqfet pic.twitter.com/pb5l91ih2f — raw story (@rawstory) december 3, 2016
.@kellyannepolls says, in excuse, trump knew what he was doing when he called taiwan prez. does she not realize that's worse than a mistake? — kurt eichenwald (@kurteichenwald) december 3, 2016
china lodges an official complaint with the u.s. over trump's phone call with taiwan: https://t.co/v4fxmkofri pic.twitter.com/kmcpxtw7rh — the daily beast (@thedailybeast) december 3, 2016
revealed: trump organization eyes taiwan for newest luxury resort location https://t.co/ruafg6ytub pic.twitter.com/je0te0lxbe — raw story (@rawstory) december 3, 2016
how do we know that the trump overtures towards taiwan and the phillipines aren't motivated by personal commercial interest? — anne applebaum (@anneapplebaum) december 3, 2016
no u.s. president or president-elect is known to have spoken to a taiwanese leader since 1979 https://t.co/l4yd20xjyk — politico (@politico) december 3, 2016
trump however was quick to defend himself:
interesting how the u.s. sells taiwan billions of dollars of military equipment but i should not accept a congratulatory call. — donald j. trump (@realdonaldtrump) december 3, 2016
as many who have underestimated trump since last he entered the race, proceeded to eat the establishment republican dream field of 16 candidates for breakfast and then snuff out the dreams of queen hillary should have learned, there is nothing that the president-elect turn to his advantage.
maybe trump is crazy like a fox. with the democrats and their media monkeys continually trying to paint trump as a kremlin puppet perhaps now he can turn the tables on the “fake news” minions and point the finger at them for coddling a totalitarian, human rights abusing state like china.
this should get entertaining as the shoe will be on the other foot for the china sucklers and one gets the feeling that the majority of americans hold the “people’s republic” in as high esteem as the media does, especially since they have been on the receiving end of the offshoring frenzy that has helped to build foreigners into economic powerhouses while decimating the domestic job market.
originally published at downtrend.com
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ə nu brid əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ɪz biɪŋ dɪˈskəst əˈkrɔs ðə wərld. ðiz taɪps əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ər nɑt oʊnd baɪ ˈɛniˌwən, bi ʃət daʊn, ənd ˈkænɑt hæv ˈdaʊnˌtaɪm. dɪz ðɪs saʊnd ˈkreɪzi? səʧ nu bridz əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ər neɪmd (dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz). bət ˌbiˈfɔr wi dɪˈskəs, tɔk əˈbaʊt ðə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz kɔld ə ““blockchain“*“. ðə fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust tɛkˈnɑləʤi tɪ ðə wərld. ɪz ə ˈgloʊbəli dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈlɛʤər wɪʧ ˈrɛkərdz trænˈzækʃənz ənd ɪz sɪˈkjʊrd ˈviə ə roʊˈbəst kənˈsɛnsəs ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm. bət ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi laɪk, wɪʧ həz dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ɔl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈməni, ɪz ˈoʊnli wən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ə dæp. ˈsɪmələrli, ˈəðər bɪlt ɔn tɛkˈnɑləʤi hæv ˈoʊpənd əp ðə ˌpɑsəˈbɪləˌti əv ə nuər ənd mɔr ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ wərld. ju maɪt bi ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət ðɪs nu wərld ɪz ɔl about…*… wɛl, ðɪs nu wərld ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛz dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ɛz dɪd fər ˈməni. wət ər? ɪz prəˈnaʊnst ɪn ðə seɪm weɪ ðət iˈmeɪl ɪz, wɛr ðə ‘‘d’*’ ɪn minz dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd (i.e*. d-apps*). ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ ˈsəmərˌaɪz ɪn ə laɪn ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən, ɛz ən ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən nidz tɪ hæv ə spɪˈsɪfɪk sɛt əv ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɛz ə dæp. ɪf ən æp mit ɔl əv ðiz kraɪˈtɪriə, ðɛn ɪt ɪz nɑt ə dæp: ˈoʊpən sɔrs sɔrs koʊd əv æp ɪz əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ɔl. dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈjuzɪz ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi. ˌɪnˈsɛnɪv æp həz ˈæˌsɛts fər fˈjulɪŋ ˌɪtˈsɛlf. ˈʤɛnərˌeɪts ˈtoʊkənz ənd həz ən kənˈsɛnsəs ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm. ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃən beɪst ɔn wɪʧ ˈmɑdəl ðiz juz, ðeɪ ər ˈklæsəˌfaɪd ˈɪntu θri ˈkætəˌgɔriz: taɪp aɪ taɪp taɪp ðiz taɪps əv hæv ðɛr oʊn (laɪk). ˈəðər ˈɔlsoʊ fɔl ˈəndər ðɪs ˈkætəˌgɔri ɛz wɛl. ðiz taɪps əv juz ðə əv taɪp aɪ. taɪp dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz ər ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz ənd hæv ˈtoʊkənz ðət ər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fər ðɛr ˈfəŋkʃən. ðə ˈɑmni ˈproʊtəˌkɔl ɪz ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv taɪp dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. ðiz taɪps əv juz ðə ˈproʊtəˌkɔl əv ə taɪp dæp. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə seɪf ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈjuzɪz ðə ˈɑmni ˈproʊtəˌkɔl fər ˈɪʃuɪŋ ðət ər ðɛn juzd tɪ bɪld dɪˈstrɪbjətəd faɪl ˈstɔrɪʤ. naʊ ðət ju noʊ ðə ˈdɪfərənt ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃənz, ju maɪt stɑrt ˈriəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðət ˈmɛni əv ðə ðət aʊt naʊ fɔl ˈəndər wən əv ðiz ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃənz. ənd ju ər ˌæbsəˈlutli kərˈɛkt tɪ θɪŋk soʊ!! ˈprɑʤɛkts ɛz ju ˈprɑbəˌbli noʊ, ðə tu ˈbɪgəst ˈplætˌfɔrmz æt ˈprɛzənt ər ənd. ˈsɛvərəl ˈkɑrənt æps ər bɪlt ɔn tɔp əv ðiz ʧeɪnz. ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, səm æps ʧuz tɪ bɪld ðɛr oʊn. ə lɪst əv səm ənd wət ““type”*” ðeɪ ər: ɪn ˈækʃən dɪˈskrɪpʃən taɪp əv dæp ˈtoʊkən ðə seɪf ˈnɛtˌwərk ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈdætə ˈstɔrɪʤ ənd kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈnɛtˌwərk taɪp (sfe*) ˈɔgər ə ˈfʊli ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ənd dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd priˈdɪkʃən ˈmɑrkɪt ˈplætˌfɔrm. taɪp ˈɔgər (rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv) ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd, əˈnɔltərəbəl ˈsɪstəm taɪp aɪ (fct*) ˈpraɪvət ˈgoʊləm ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən tɪ meɪk ðə fərst ˈgloʊbəl ˈmɑrkɪt fər ˈaɪdəl kəmˈpjutər paʊər taɪp ˈgoʊləm (gnt*) ə ˈfʊli ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ənd dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈpraɪvət klaʊd taɪp aɪ (sc*) ˈpraɪvət ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌpɪrtoʊˈpɪr ˈproʊtəˌkɔl tɪ prəˈvaɪd ðə moʊst sɪˈkjʊr, ˈpraɪvət, ənd ɪnˈkrɪptɪd klaʊd ˈstɔrɪʤ taɪp ɛks (sjcx*) ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrti ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈplætˌfɔrm fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ˌpɪrtoʊˈpɪr ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz taɪp ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrti (xcp*) ʧɛk aʊt mɔr ɔn haʊ dɪz ə dæp ˈfəŋkʃən? ˈfəŋkʃən baɪ ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ɔl ðə fɔr kraɪˈtɪriən wɪʧ wi dɪˈskəst ɪn ðə fərst ˈsɛkʃən. ðɪs minz ðət ə dæp ɪz ən ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈplætˌfɔrm ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɔn dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ənd ər fjuəld ˈjuzɪŋ ˈtoʊkənz wɪʧ ər ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ə protocol/algorithm*. biɪŋ ən ˈoʊpənˌsɔrs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən meɪks ɪt ˈtruli dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ɛz ˈɛniˌwən kən si ənd kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə koʊd. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs fər əv ˈprɑdəkt dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɪn tərmz əv boʊθ kˈwɑləti ənd kˈwɑntəti. dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə æp baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ə ɪz ðə nɛkst stɛp. ðə sərvz ɛz ə ˈpərmɑˌnɛnt ˈlɛʤər əv wɪʧ ˈɛniˌwən kən rɪˈfər tɪ æt ˈɛni taɪm. ənd ˈfaɪnəli, tɪ æd tɪ səʧ ˈlɛʤərz, ˈtoʊkənz ər juzd wɪʧ ər maɪnd ər ˈjuzɪŋ ˈdɪfərənt algorithms/protocols*. æt ˈprɛzənt, ˈpɑpjələr ˈproʊtəˌkɔlz wɪʧ ər juzd ər (wɪʧ ˈjuzərz) ər (wɪʧ dæʃ ˈjuzɪz). ðeɪ ər juzd tɪ riʧ ə kənˈsɛnsəs ər əˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin ɔl ðə ˈjuzərz əv ðət ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr dæp. (paʊ) ɪnˈteɪlz ˈmaɪnərz tɪ maɪn blɑks ənd rɪˈsiv rɪˈwɔrdz. bɪˈkəz ˈmaɪnɪŋ blɑks ənd ˈædɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə ʧeɪn ɪz ən ˈɛnərʤi ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðɪs ˈɔlsoʊ kips ðə sɪˈkjʊr. ɪnˈteɪlz ˈmaɪnərz tɪ maɪn blɑks ənd rɪˈsiv rɪˈwɔrdz. bɪˈkəz ˈmaɪnɪŋ blɑks ənd ˈædɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ðə ʧeɪn ɪz ən ˈɛnərʤi ˈprɔˌsɛs, ðɪs ˈɔlsoʊ kips ðə sɪˈkjʊr. (ˈpiˈoʊˈɛs) rikˈwaɪərz ˈhoʊldɪŋ ənd ˈsteɪkɪŋ əv ˈtoʊkənz ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bɪˈkəm ən ˈɛlɪʤəbəl masternode*. ðɪs ˈɔlsoʊ sɪˈkjʊrz ðə ənd hɛlps ɪn ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ trænˈzækʃənz. haʊ tɪ bɪld ə dæp ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈbɪldɪŋ dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd æps ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈstreɪtˈfɔrwərd ɛz dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ˈɛni ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ər ˈsɔfˌwɛr. ɪt həz ɪts səkˈwɛnʃəl stɛps ənd taɪm freɪmz. stɛp 1 ˈpəblɪʃ ə waɪt ˈpeɪpər ɔn ðə dæp wɪθ ə ““roadmap”*”. ˈpəblɪʃɪŋ ə waɪt ˈpeɪpər ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt, ˈfiʧərz, ənd ˌtɛknɪˈkælətiz əv ðə dæp ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, ənd ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈvɛri fərst stɛp. ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs wɪl əˈlaʊ ˈfidˌbæk tɪ kəm ɪn frəm ðə kəmˈjunɪti, ðəs ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪt ə tru dæp. ɪf ju æd ðə ““roadmap”*”, ər plæn, ɪt bɪˈkəmz ə ˈpɑzətɪv ˈsɛlɪŋ pɔɪnt. wɪθ ˈsɑləd ər əˈhɛd əv ðɛr pɪrz. waɪ ɪt ɪz ɛˈsɛnʃəl ðət ɪf ju wɔnt jʊr dæp tɪ səkˈsid, ju məst hæv ə ˈsɑləd ɪn pleɪs ɪn frənt əv ðə ˈoʊpən ˈmɑrkɪt. ˈɔlsoʊ, ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ðə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz ənd ˈhɪstəri əv tɔp dɪˈvɛləpərz ənd ɪn jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ bɪld trəst ənd riˌlaɪəˈbɪləti əˈməŋ ðə kəmˈjunɪti. stɛp 2 lɔnʧ ən. (ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kɔɪn ˈɔfərɪŋz) ər ðə ˈstɑrtɪŋ pɔɪnts əv ˈmɑdərn deɪ ˈstɑrˌtəps ər. ɪn ə kɔɪn ˈɔfərɪŋ, ju sɛl jʊr wɪʧ wɪl fjuəl jʊr dæp. ðiz ˈɔlsoʊ sərv ɛz ə weɪ tɪ ˈgæðər fər jʊr ˈprɑʤɛkt. ˌɪˈnɪʃəli, ju ʃʊd əˈnaʊns ənd ɪkˈspleɪn ðə ˈæˌspɛkts əv haʊ ðə əv jʊr dæp ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi. ˈɔlsoʊ, ʃɛr wɪθ ðə ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbərz ˈwɛðər ðə dæp wɪl bi ˈhævɪŋ ˈtoʊkənz ər ə ˈmaɪnɪŋ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəm ɪn pleɪs. ənd fər ˈbɪldɪŋ trəst, ju ʃʊd ˈhaɪˌlaɪt haʊ məʧ pərˈsɛnɪʤ wɪl goʊ tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈbəʤɪt, ðə ˈmɑrkətɪŋ ˈbəʤɪt, ənd ˈəðər ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ bi trænˈspɛrənt wɪθ ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz əv ˈtoʊkənz bɪˈkəz moʊst əv ðə ˈprɑʤɛkts ɪn ðə pæst hæv ruɪnd ðɛr ˌrɛpjəˈteɪʃən baɪ biɪŋ nɑt trænˈspɛrənt ɪˈnəf. stɛp 3 bɪˈgɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt. wɪn ɔl ɪz sɛd ənd dən, ˈæftər proʊˈkjʊrɪŋ ðə fəndz ənd ðə ˈkɑnsɛpt, taɪm tɪ bɪˈgɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt. ənd wəns ju hæv ˈbeɪgən, ɪt bɪˈkəmz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ʃɛr ˈwikli ər ˈmənθli ˈəpˌdeɪts əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɑˌgrɛs tɪ bɪld ən ˌɪnˈklusɪv ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt fər kəmˈjunɪti ˈmɛmbərz. stɛp 4 lɔnʧ ðə ˈprɑdəkt. lɔnʧ ðə ˈprɑdəkt wɪθ ɪts dɪˈteɪld riˈlis noʊts ənd ˈmeɪntənəns plænz tɪ kip ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˌɪnˈvɑlvd. kip meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ənd ˈmɑdəˌfaɪɪŋ ɪt ɛz ˈnidɪd tɪ sut jʊr, jʊr ˈvɪʒən, ənd jʊr kəmˈjunɪti. ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəlz əv naʊ ðət ju noʊ haʊ tɪ lɔnʧ ə dæp, ju kən gɪv ɪt ə ʃɑt. bət wət ɪf nɑt ə kriˈeɪtɪv ˈʤinjəs wɪθ ə ˈbrɪljənt dæp aɪˈdiə? haʊ kən ju stɪl pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt? wɛl, ðə ˈænsər ɪz ju kən pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ðə əv. wət ər dapps’*’ ənd ˈtoʊkənz? əˈgɛn, minz kɔɪn offering”*”. ðɪs ɪz wɛr ðə ˈtoʊkənz ər soʊld fər ðə ˈvɛri fərst taɪm ɪn ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ fər ˈəðər ˈkərənsiz (btc*, ltc*,, faɪæt ˈməni, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). dæp ˈtoʊkənz ər meɪd fər ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˈsɛlɪŋ ɪn ən tɪ fənd ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ˈɔlsoʊ fər fˈjulɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz əv ðə dæp. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ɪz ðə fuel”*” fər ˈrənɪŋ smɑrt ˈkɑnˌtrækts ɔn ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm. ðiz ˈtoʊkənz ər nɑt pɛgd tɪ ˈɛni ˌəndərˈlaɪɪŋ ˈæˌsɛt, bət ðeɪ ər stɪl ˈvæljəbəl bɪˈkəz əv ðə juˈnik ˈkɑnsɛpt ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈbækɪŋ ðɛm. mɔˈroʊvər, ðə ˈvælju əv ðə ˈtoʊkənz kips ˈfləkʧəˌweɪtɪŋ beɪst ɔn haʊ məʧ ˈpipəl ˈvælju ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. haʊ tɪ pɑrˈtɪsəˌpeɪt ɪn ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ traɪ jʊr hænz ˈərli ɔn ðə ˈtoʊkən, gɪt ˈɪntu ən. ˈfɑloʊ ðə stɛps bɪˈloʊ: steɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˈfɑloʊ ˈpɑpjələr ˈkrɪptoʊ ənd nuz. ʤɔɪn slæk ər ˈtɛləˌgræm ˈʧænəlz əv ˈsərtən ənd ˈfɑloʊ ðɛm ɔn tˈwɪtər ənd ˈəðər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə saɪts. priˈpɛr ə ˈwɔlət ˈθəroʊli rɛd ðə ˈditeɪlz ənd ˈəðər ˈtɛknɪkəl rɪkˈwaɪrmənts laɪk wɪʧ ˈwɔlət ʃʊd bi juzd fər ðə. ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ʧɛk aʊt wɪʧ ˈkərənsi tɪ baɪ jʊr ˈtoʊkənz ɪn (btc*,, usd*, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə.). taɪm ˈfæktər ˈdɪfərənt lɪst ˈdɪfərənt əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈdɪfərənt taɪm zoʊnz. ʧɛk jʊr taɪm zoʊn ənd bi ɔn taɪm. səm ɪn ðə pæst hæv ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn lɛs ðən ə fju ˈmɪnəts, soʊ ju hæv tɪ bi ˈrɪli kwɪk ənd ˈpəŋkʧuəl. bət ə θɪŋ tɪ noʊt ɪz ðət nɑt ɔl ər wərθ ɪt. səm ər ʤɪst skæmz wɪʧ ˈoʊnli lʊk gʊd ɔn ˈpeɪpər. ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ soʊ haʊ du ju ʤəʤ ˈwɛðər ə ɪz ə skæm ər nɑt? hir ər ə fju səˈʤɛsʧənz: ʧɛk ˈwɛðər ðə dæp ɪz ˈsɑlvɪŋ səm ˈriˌllaɪf ˈprɑbləm. ʧɛk ðə pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ ənd ˈhɪstəri əv ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt tim. ʧɛk ðə ənd lʊk æt ɪts ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌfizəˈbɪləti. ʤɔɪn ˈfɔrəmz tɪ ʧɛk wət ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈɛkspərts θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə dæp. ʧɛk ðɛr dɪˈvɛləpmənt. si ɪf ðeɪ hæv ə ˈwərkɪŋ ˈproʊtoʊˌtaɪp ˈdɛmoʊ əv ðə dæp. ðiz ər ˈoʊnli ə fju əv ðə ˌprikənˈdɪʃənz; wi səˈʤɛst ju du jʊr ˈrisərʧ ənd du ˈdɪlɪʤəns ˌbiˈfɔr ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈɛni fər ə dæp. fˈjuʧər əv wət wi ər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ naʊ ɪz laɪk ə snik pik tɪ ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd wərld wɪʧ ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ kəm ɪn fʊl swɪŋ. ˈivɪn ˈdeɪvɪd ˈʤɑnstən, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə dæp fənd, prɪˈdɪkts ðɪs ɪn hɪz waɪt ˈpeɪpər: dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz wɪl ˈsəmˌdeɪ sərˈpæs ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ɪn juˈtɪləti, user-base*, ənd ˈnɛtˌwərk væljuˈeɪʃən du tɪ ðɛr suˈpɪriər ˈstrəkʧər, ˌflɛksəˈbɪləti, trænˈspɛrənsi, rɪˈzɪljənsi, ənd dɪˈstrɪbjətəd nature.”*.” tɪ kwoʊt law”*”: ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət kən bi dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd, wɪl bi dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd. -ˈdeɪvɪd ə. ˈʤɑnstən ə dɪˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd fˈjuʧər əˈweɪts ˈjuˈɛs. wət du ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə dɪˌsɛntrəlɪˈzeɪʃən əv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz? ɪz ðə fˈjuʧər əv ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɛz ˈdeɪvɪd ˈʤɑnstən prɪˈdɪkts? lɛt mi hir jʊr θɔts ɪn ðə ˈkɑmɛnts bɪˈloʊ! laɪk ðɪs poʊst? fərˈgɛt tɪ ʃɛr ɪt! ˈfərðər səˈʤɛstɪd ˈridɪŋz:
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a new breed of applications is being discussed across the world. these types of applications are not owned by anyone, can’t be shut down, and cannot have downtime.
does this sound crazy?
such new breeds of applications are named dapps (decentralized applications).
but before we discuss dapps, let’s talk about the technology underlying dapps, which is called a “blockchain“.
bitcoin the first cryptocurrency introduced blockchain technology to the world. bitcoin’s blockchain is a globally distributed ledger which records transactions and is secured cryptographically via a robust consensus mechanism.
but digital currency like bitcoin, which has decentralized all aspects of money, is only one example of a dapp.
similarly, other dapps built on blockchain technology have opened up the possibility of a newer and more exciting world.
you might be thinking about what this new world is all about…
well, this new world is about making everything as decentralized as bitcoin’s blockchain did for money.
what are dapps?
dapps is pronounced in the same way that email is, where the ‘d’ in dapps means decentralized (i.e. d-apps).
it is difficult to summarize dapps in a 1-2 line definition, as an application needs to have a specific set of characteristics in order to qualify as a dapp.
if an app doesn’t meet all of these criteria, then it is not a dapp:
open source source code of app is available to all. decentralized uses a blockchain-like cryptographic technology. incentive app has crypto-tokens/digital assets for fueling itself. algorithm/protocol generates tokens and has an inbuilt consensus mechanism.
dapps classification
based on which blockchain model these dapps use, they are classified into three categories:
type i type ii type iii these types of dapps have their own blockchain (like bitcoin). other altcoins also fall under this category as well. these types of dapps use the blockchain of type i dapps. type ii decentralized applications are protocols and have tokens that are necessary for their function. the omni protocol is an example of type ii decentralized application. these types of dapps use the protocol of a type ii dapp. for example, the safe network uses the omni protocol for issuing safecoins that are then used to build distributed file storage.
now that you know the different classifications, you might start realizing that many of the crypto-projects that out now fall under one of these classifications.
and you are absolutely correct to think so!!
dapps projects
as you probably know, the world’s two biggest blockchain platforms at present are bitcoin and ethereum. several current apps are built on top of these chains.
on the other hand, some apps choose to build their own blockchain.
here’s a list of some dapps and what “type” they are:
dapps in action description type of dapp token blockchain the safe
network a decentralized data storage and communications network type iii safecoin (sfe) bitcoin’s blockchain augur a fully open-source and decentralized prediction market platform. type ii augur (rep) ethereum’s blockchain factom a decentralized, unalterable record-keeping system type i factom (fct) private blockchain golem a decentralized application to make the first global market for idle computer power type ii golem (gnt) ethereum’s blockchain siacoin a fully open-source and decentralized private cloud type i siacoin (sc) private blockchain storj a decentralized peer-to-peer protocol to provide the most secure, private, and encrypted cloud storage type ii storjcoin x (sjcx) ethereum’s blockchain counterparty a decentralized financial platform for creating peer-to-peer financial applications type ii counterparty (xcp) bitcoin’s blockchain
check out more dapps on ethereum
how does a dapp function?
dapps function by implementing all the four criterion which we discussed in the first section. this means that a dapp is an open-source software platform implemented on decentralized blockchains and are fueled using tokens which are generated using a protocol/algorithm.
being an open-source application makes it truly decentralized as anyone can see and contribute to the code. it also fastens the process for scalability of product development in terms of both quality and quantity.
decentralizing the app by using a blockchain is the next step. the blockchain serves as a permanent ledger of records/transactions which anyone can refer to at any time.
and finally, to add records/transactions to such ledgers, tokens are used which are mined or pre-mined using different algorithms/protocols.
at present, popular protocols which are used are proof-of-work (which bitcoin users) or proof-of-stake (which dash uses). they are used to reach a consensus or agreement between all the users of that particular dapp.
proof-of-work (pow) entails miners to mine blocks and receive rewards. because mining blocks and adding them to the chain is an energy consumptive process, this also keeps the blockchain secure.
entails miners to mine blocks and receive rewards. because mining blocks and adding them to the chain is an energy consumptive process, this also keeps the blockchain secure. proof-of-stake (pos) requires holding and staking of tokens in order to become an eligible masternode. this also secures the blockchain and helps in processing transactions.
how to build a dapp
the process of building decentralized apps is not as straightforward as developing any centralized application or software. it has its sequential steps and time frames.
step 1: publish a white paper on the dapp with a “roadmap”.
publishing a white paper explaining the concept, features, and technicalities of the dapp is important, and is also the very first step. this process will allow feedback to come in from the community, thus making it a true dapp.
if you add the dapp’s “roadmap”, or plan, it becomes a positive selling point. dapps with solid roadmaps are ahead of their peers. that’s why it is essential that if you want your dapp to succeed, you must have a solid roadmap in place in front of the open market.
also, highlight the capabilities and history of top developers and ideators in your project in order to build trust and reliability among the community.
step 2: launch an ico.
icos (initial coin offerings) are the starting points of modern day startups or dapps. in a coin offering, you sell your crypto-coins which will fuel your dapp. these crypto-coins also serve as a way to gather crowdfunding for your project.
initially, you should announce and explain the aspects of how the ico of your dapp is going to be. also, share with the interested community members whether the dapp will be having pre-mined tokens or a mining mechanism in place.
and for building trust, you should highlight how much percentage will go to the development budget, the marketing budget, and other essential allocations. it is important to be transparent with allocations of tokens because most of the dapps projects in the past have ruined their reputation by being not transparent enough.
step 3: begin development.
when all is said and done, after procuring the funds and fine-tuning the concept, it’s time to begin development. and once you have begun, it becomes important to share weekly or monthly updates about the development progress to build an inclusive environment for community members.
step 4: launch the product.
launch the product with its detailed release notes and maintenance plans to keep the community involved.
keep maintaining and modifying it as needed to suit your roadmap, your vision, and your community.
the essentials of dapps
now that you know how to launch a dapp, you can give it a shot.
but what if you’re not a creative genius with a brilliant dapp idea? how can you still participate?
well, the answer is you can participate in the icos of dapps.
what are dapps’ icos and tokens?
again, ico means “initial coin offering”. this is where the dapp’s tokens are sold for the very first time in exchange for other currencies (btc, ltc, eth, fiat money, etc.).
dapp tokens are crypto-coins made for the purpose of selling in an ico to fund the product’s development and also for fueling operations of the dapp.
for example, eth is the “crypto fuel” for running smart contracts on the ethereum platform.
these tokens are not pegged to any underlying asset, but they are still valuable because of the unique concept and technology backing them. moreover, the value of the tokens keeps fluctuating based on how much people value the application.
how to participate in icos
if you want to try your hands early on the dapps token, get into an ico.
follow the steps below:
stay updated follow popular crypto and dapps news. join slack or telegram channels of certain icos and follow them on twitter and other social media sites. prepare a wallet thoroughly read the ico details and other technical requirements like which wallet should be used for the ico. and also check out which currency to buy your tokens in (btc, eth, usd, etc.). time factor different icos list different timings according to different time zones. check your time zone and be on time. some icos in the past have finished in less than a few minutes, so you have to be really quick and punctual.
but a thing to note is that not all icos are worth it. some icos are just scams which only look good on paper.
analyzing icos
so how do you judge whether a dapp’s ico is a scam or not? here are a few suggestions:
check whether the dapp is solving some real-life problem.
check the portfolio and history of the development team.
check the whitepaper and look at its technical feasibility.
join forums to check what the technical experts think about the dapp.
check their development roadmap.
see if they have a working prototype demo of the dapp.
these are only a few of the preconditions; we suggest you do your research and due diligence before getting into any ico for a dapp.
future of dapps
what we are experiencing now is like a sneak peek to a decentralized world which is about to come in full swing.
even david johnston, ceo of the dapp fund, predicts this in his white paper:
“these decentralized applications will someday surpass the world’s largest software corporations in utility, user-base, and network valuation due to their superior incentivization structure, flexibility, transparency, resiliency, and distributed nature.”
to quote “johnston’s law”:
everything that can be decentralized, will be decentralized. -david a. johnston
a decentralized future awaits us.
what do you think about the decentralization of applications? is dapps the future of everything as david johnston predicts? let me hear your thoughts in the comments below!
like this post? don’t forget to share it!
further suggested readings:
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ˈziroʊ hɛʤ ɪn ə trɛnd wɪʧ ʃʊd səˈpraɪz ɪgˈzæktli ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi, əˈnəðər ˈmɛmbər əv ðə mˈjulər tim həz bɪn faʊnd tɪ hæv dip taɪz tɪ əˈpoʊnənts. fɑks nuz hoʊst ˈtəkər ˈkɑrlsən həz əbˈteɪnd ˈdɑkjəmənts wɪʧ rɪˈvil ˈɛrən ˈzɛbli, kənˈsɪdərd tɪ bi ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈrɑbərt hænd man,”*,” dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪt ˈstæfər ˈʤəstɪn ˈkupər ə bɪl ˈklɪntən eɪd ðət ˌɪnˈstɔld ðə ““private*, illegal”*” ˈsərvər ɪn ðə clintons’*’ hoʊm dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ pəˈlɪtɪˌkoʊ ɛz ““jerry-rigged.”*.” ˈzɛbli, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈpɑrtnər hu dɪˈfɛndɪd ˈkupər ɪn 2015 ɪn frənt əv ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛrz kəˈmɪti, wɑz spəˈsɪfɪkli kɔld aʊt baɪ ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈkupər fər ˈstoʊnˌwɔlɪŋ ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ənd hɪz rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ ɪnˈgeɪʤ ðə kəˈmɪti ɪn ə dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt haʊ tɪ ˈfərðər əsˈweɪʤ jʊr concerns.”*.” ˈkɑrlsən pɔɪnts aʊt ðət ˈhɪstəri ɛz ən əˈtərni lɪŋkt tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪz ə ˈkɑmprəˌmaɪzd pəˈzɪʃən. teɪk ðət ɪn fər ə ˈmɪnət. ə ˈlɔjər hu pleɪd ə dɪˈfɛns roʊl ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪz naʊ pleɪɪŋ ən əˈfɛnsɪv roʊl ɪn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmp. ˈkɑrlsən ðə nuz əˈbaʊt hænd man’*’ ɪz dɪˈrɛkli lɪŋkt tɪ ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ ˈeɪʤənt ˈpitər ðə mæn faɪərd frəm proʊb hu ˈhɛdɪd əp boʊθ ðə ˈklɪntən iˈmeɪl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən ənd wɑz kɔt ˈsɛndɪŋ tɛkst ˈmɛsɪʤɪz tɪ hɪz ˈmɪstrəs. ðɪs meɪks tu ərˈɪʤənəl mˈjulər ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz dɪˈrɛkli lɪŋkt tɪ ðə ˈklɪntən iˈmeɪl ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ənd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈʤərnəlɪst ˈsɛrə ˈkɑrtər, mɔr ˈmɛsɪʤɪz hæv rɪˈpɔrtədli bɪn sɛnt baɪ ˈmɛmbərz əv tim, ˈsteɪtɪŋ ɔn ʃɔn ˈproʊˌgræm ðɪs wik lɔt mɔr ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ kəm out.”*.” ɛz wi hæv bɪn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ sɪns ðə mˈjulər ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən bɪˈgæn, ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ɪz ə hɑt ˈpɑrtəzən mɛs stækt wɪθ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz hu hæv ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ˈklɪntən ənd ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræt ˈkɔzɪz. ɛz ˈʤɛsɪkə məkˈbraɪd ˌriˈpɔrtəd inheavy*: ˈændru ˈwaɪsmən: ˈwaɪsmən ɪz ə ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk kæmˈpeɪn ˈdoʊnər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈfɛdərəl ˈrɛkərdz. ““weissmann*, hu lɛd ðə ˈɛnrɑn ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən, ˈpriviəsli geɪv tɪ fərst ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl kæmˈpeɪn ɪn 2008 ənd tɪ ðə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈnæʃənəl kəˈmɪti ɪn 2006 ˈʤini ri: ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪn 2015 ənd 2016 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛkərdz. ðə ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ ʃi geɪv iʧ tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈvɪktəri fənd 2012 ɪn 2011 ˈændru ˈgoʊldˌstin: əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ fɑks nuz, kənˈtrɪbjutɪd ə kəmˈbaɪnd tɪ kæmˈpeɪnz ɪn 2008 ənd grɛg ˈɑndreɪz: ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ ðət ˈɑndreɪz həz ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd æt list tɪ ˈsɛnətər ˈkərstən (d-ny*) ʤeɪmz kwɔrlz: ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈdɔlərz tɪ ðə kæmˈpeɪnz əv ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ənd ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. hi həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd ˈməni ˈrisəntli tɪ ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ frɛndz əv ʧək ˈʃumər ənd tu ˈəðər ˈdɛməˌkræts. hi həz ə ˈlɛŋθi doʊˈneɪʃən ˈhɪstəri ˈdeɪtɪŋ bæk jɪrz. hi dɪd ˈdoʊˌneɪt tɪ tu rɪˈpəblɪkənz ˈoʊvər ðə jɪrz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər. ɪˈlɪzəbɪθ prelogar*: ə ˈfɔrmər lɔ klərk tɪ ruθ ˈbædər ˈgɪnzbərg ənd ˌɛˈleɪnɑ kagen*, geɪv 250 tɪ ˈhɪləri ˈklɪntən ɪn 2016 əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɛkərdz. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ geɪv 500 ˈtoʊtəl tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə fər əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ðə ˌoʊˈbɑmə ˈvɪktəri fənd 2012 ˈbrændən væn grack*: geɪv smɔl əˈmaʊnts tɪ actblue*, ən ˈɛfərt tɪ reɪz ˈməni fər ˈdɛməˌkræts, ənd tɪ ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk ˈkænədɪt fər ˈkɑŋgrəs ɪn 2012 ɪn 2008 hi geɪv əˈbaʊt 286 tɪ ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə. rəʃ ˈætkɪnsən: ˈdoʊˌneɪtɪd 200 tɪ kæmˈpeɪn ɪn 2016 kaɪl ˈfrini: ɪn 2012 ˈfrini geɪv 300 tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə. ɪn 2008 ˈfrini ˈɔlsoʊ geɪv 250 tɪ ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ˈrɛkərdz ʃoʊ. wən ˈwəndərz ɪf ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˈkaʊnsəl ɪz naʊ soʊ ˈteɪntɪd ðət ɪt ˌwəˈtɛvər ðeɪ kənˈklud wɪl fərˈɛvər bi maɪrd ɪn daʊt.
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zero hedge
in a trend which should surprise exactly nobody, another member of the mueller team has been found to have deep ties to trump’s opponents.
fox news host tucker carlson has obtained documents which reveal aaron zebley, considered to be special counsel robert mueller’s “right hand man,” defended hillary clinton it staffer justin cooper – a bill clinton aide that installed the “private, illegal” server in the clintons’ chappaqua home described by politico as “jerry-rigged.”
zebley, a former wilmerhale partner who defended cooper in 2015 in front of the senate homeland security and government affairs committee, was specifically called out by in a letter to cooper for stonewalling the investigation, and his “complete refusal to engage the committee in a discussion about how to further assuage your concerns.”
carlson points out that zebley’s history as an attorney linked to hillary clinton is a compromised position.
take that in for a minute. a lawyer who played a defense role in the federal investigation into hillary clinton is now playing an offensive role in the federal investigation into president trump. –tucker carlson
the news about mueller’s ‘right hand man’ is directly linked to fbi agent peter strzok – the man fired from mueller’s probe who headed up both the clinton email investigation and the original trump-russia investigation and was caught sending anti-trump / pro-hillary text messages to his mistress. this makes two original mueller investigators directly linked to the clinton email investigation.
and according to journalist sara carter, more anti-trump messages have reportedly been sent by members of mueller’s team, stating on sean hannity’s program this week “a lot more is going to come out.”
as we have been reporting since the mueller investigation began, the special counsel is a hot partisan mess – stacked with investigators who have donated to obama, clinton and other democrat causes. as jessica mcbride reported inheavy:
andrew weissmann: weissmann is a barack obama and democratic campaign donor, according to federal records. “weissmann, who led the enron investigation, previously gave $2,300 to first presidential campaign in 2008 and $2,000 to the democratic national committee in 2006
jeannie rhee: donated $5,400 to hillary clinton in 2015 and 2016, according to fec records. the records show she gave $2,500 each to obama for america and obama victory fund 2012 in 2011
andrew goldstein: according to fox news, “goldstein contributed a combined $3,300 to campaigns in 2008 and 2012”
greg andres: fec records show that andres has donated at least $2,700 to senator kirsten gillibrand (d-ny)
james quarles: donated thousands of dollars to the campaigns of hillary clinton and barack obama. he has also donated money recently to other democrats, including friends of chuck schumer and two other democrats. he has a lengthy donation history dating back years. he did donate to two republicans over the years, however.
elizabeth prelogar: a former law clerk to justics ruth bader ginsburg and elena kagen, gave $250 to hillary clinton in 2016, according to fec records. she also gave $500 total to obama for america and the obama victory fund 2012.
brandon van grack: gave small amounts to actblue, an effort to raise money for democrats, and to a democratic candidate for congress in 2012. in 2008, he gave about $286 to barack obama.
rush atkinson: donated $200 to clinton’s campaign in 2016.
kyle freeny: in 2012, freeny gave $300 to obama. in 2008, freeny also gave $250 to obama, fec records show.
one wonders if the special counsel is now so tainted that it whatever they conclude will forever be mired in doubt.
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ˌhələbəˈlu ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈeɪprəl 26 2011 ti ˈpɑrti ˈpɑpjəlɪsts ˈsərvɪŋ ðə ərˈɪstəˌkræts baɪ ˈdɪgbi ðə ˈəðər naɪt aɪ wɑz ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ˈsəmˌwən hu ˈdəzənt ˈfɑloʊ ˈpɑləˌtɪks bət hu ˈhæpənd tɪ ˈrændəmli kæʧ ˈændru ɔn ˈɛliət ʃoʊ ˈsɛlɪŋ ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət ðə ti ˈpɑrti ɪz ˈhɑstəl tɪ wɔl strit. hi wɑz kənˈvɪnst ðət ðɪs wɑz tru ənd toʊld mi ðət ðɪs wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈfrutfəl baɪˈpɑrtɪzən ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən ənd ðət ɪt wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ rɪˈzəlt ɪn ə juʤ ʧeɪnʤ ɪn ˈpɑləˌtɪk. lɛts sɛt əˈsaɪd fər ə ˈmoʊmənt. wi ɔl noʊ hiz ən ənˈbælənst, ˈreɪsɪst kɑn ˈɑrtɪsts hu wɪl seɪ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. bət ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ, ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl hu bɪˈliv ðət ðə ti ˈpɑrti ɪz strit. aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ðɪs ɪz tru. ðə fɑr raɪt ɪz ˈænˌti- ˈbeɪˌlaʊts bət ðɛr ˈrizənɪŋ ɪz ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ʃʊd ˈnɛvər "ˌɪnərˈfɪr" ɪn ðə ɪˈkɑnəmi, nɑt ðət wɔl strit dɪd ˈsəmθɪŋ rɔŋ. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪf ju lʊk bæk æt ðə ˈfeɪməs rɪk sɑnˈtɛli rænt ðæts ˈkrɛdɪtɪd wɪθ ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ðə ti ˈpɑrti ˈmuvmənt (bɪɔnd rɑn pɔl) ɪt wɑz reɪʤ æt ðə aɪˈdiə əv rɪˈwɔrdɪŋ ɔl ðə ˌəndɪˈzərvɪŋ pur ˈpipəl hu bɔt ˈhaʊsɪz ðeɪ ˈkʊdənt əˈfɔrd: rɪk sɑnˈtɛli: ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz prəˈmoʊtɪŋ bæd bɪˈheɪvjər. bɪˈkəz wi ˈsərtənli wɔnt tɪ pʊt ˈstɪmjələs fɔrθ ənd gɪv ˈpipəl ə ˈwɑpɪŋ 8 ər 10 ɪn ðɛr ʧɛk, ənd θɪŋk ðət ðeɪ ɔt tɪ seɪv ɪt, ənd ɪn tərmz əv modifications…*… tɛl ju wət, aɪ hæv ən aɪˈdiə. ju noʊ, ðə nu bɪg ɔn kəmˈpjutərz ənd technology–*– haʊ əˈbaʊt ðɪs, ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd nu ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən? waɪ ju pʊt əp ə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt tɪ hæv ˈpipəl voʊt ɔn ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɛz ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm tɪ si ɪf wi ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ ˈsəbsɪˌdaɪz ðə losers’*’ ˈmɔrgɪʤɪz; ər wʊd wi laɪk tɪ æt list baɪ kɑz ənd baɪ ˈhaʊsɪz ɪn fɔrˈkloʊʒər ənd gɪv ðɛm tɪ ˈpipəl ðət maɪt hæv ə ʧæns tɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈprɑspər daʊn ðə roʊd, ənd rɪˈwɔrd ˈpipəl ðət kʊd ˈkɛri ðə ˈwɔtər ˌɪnˈstɛd əv drɪŋk ðə ˈwɔtər? ˈtreɪdər ɔn flɔr: ə ˈnɑvəl aɪˈdiə. (əˈplɔz, ˈʧɪrɪŋ) ʤoʊ ˈkərnən: heɪ, rick…*… oʊ, bɔɪ. laɪk ˈpəti ɪn jʊr hænz. dɪd ju hear…*…? sɑnˈtɛli: noʊ nɑt, ʤoʊ. nɑt laɪk ˈpəti ɪn ɑr hænz. ðɪs ɪz əˈmɛrɪkə! haʊ ˈmɛni əv ju ˈpipəl wɔnt tɪ peɪ fər jʊr ˈmɔrgɪʤ ðət həz ən ˈɛkstrə ˈbæθˌrum ənd peɪ ðɛr bɪlz? reɪz ðɛr hænd. (buɪŋ) ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ər ju ˈlɪsənɪŋ? ˈtreɪdər: haʊ wi ɔl stɑp peɪɪŋ ɑr ˈmɔrgɪʤ? ə ˈmɔrəl ˈhæzərd. ˈkərnən: laɪk mɑb rul hir. ˈgɪtɪŋ skɛrd. glæd i’m…*… kɑrl kˌwɪntəˈnɪlə: gɪt səm brɪks ənd bats…*… sɑnˈtɛli: gɪt skɛrd, ʤoʊ. ɔˈrɛdi ˈskɛrɪŋ ju. ju noʊ, ˈkjubə juzd tɪ hæv ˈmænʧənz ənd ə ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈdisənt ɪˈkɑnəmi. ðeɪ muvd frəm ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl tɪ ðə kəˈlɛktɪv. naʊ, ˈdraɪvɪŋ ˈʧɛˌvis, ˈmeɪbi ðə læst greɪt kɑr tɪ kəm aʊt əv ˈdiˌtrɔɪt. ˈkərnən: ˈdraɪvɪŋ ðɛm ɔn ˈwɔtər, tu, wɪʧ ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl streɪnʤ tɪ wɔʧ. sɑnˈtɛli: ðɛr ju goʊ. ˈkərnən: heɪ rɪk, haʊ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈnoʊʃən ðət, ˈwɪlbər ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, ju kən goʊ daʊn tɪ 2 ɔn ðə mortgage…*… sɑnˈtɛli: ju kʊd goʊ daʊn tɪ 2 ðeɪ əˈfɔrd ðə haʊs. ˈkərnən: stɪl hæv 40 ənd stɪl hæv 40 nɑt bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ɪt. soʊ waɪ ər ðeɪ ɪn ðə haʊs? waɪ ər wi traɪɪŋ tɪ kip ðɛm ɪn ðə haʊs? sɑnˈtɛli: aɪ noʊ ˈmɪstər. ˈsəmərz ɪz ə greɪt ɪˈkɑnəmɪst, bət bɔɪ, ləv ðə ˈænsər tɪ ðət wən. rəˈbɛkə kwɪk: waʊ. ˈwɪlbər, ju gɪt ˈpipəl faɪərd əp. sɑnˈtɛli: ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv ˈhævɪŋ ə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ ti ˈpɑrti ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ. ɔl ju ˈkæpətəlɪsts ðət wɔnt tɪ ʃoʊ əp tɪ leɪk ˈmɪʃɪgən, ˈgɑnə stɑrt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ. ðə fɑr raɪt dɪz nɑt kɛr əˈbaʊt wɔl strit. ðeɪ kɛr əˈbaʊt "ˈgəvərnmənt" ðə bɪg ðæts ˈteɪkɪŋ ðɛr hɑrd ərnd ˈməni ənd ˈgɪvɪŋ ɪt tɪ ðə rɔŋ ˈpipəl. ənd waɪl ðeɪ meɪ nɑt hæv laɪkt ðə tɑrp, ðeɪ kənˈfleɪt ɪt wɪθ ðə ˈɔtoʊ ˈbeɪˌlaʊt ənd "kæʃ fər ˈkləŋkərz" ənd θɪŋk ɪt wɑz ˈsoʊʃəˌlɪzəm soʊ əm əˈfreɪd wi ˈɑrənt goʊɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ə lɔt əv ˈkɑmən graʊnd ɔn ðɪs. bət ʤɪst ɪn keɪs, ðə bɪg ˈməni bɔɪz ər ˈpʊtɪŋ səm əv ðɛr spɛr ʧeɪnʤ tɪ wərk ʤɪst tɪ meɪk ʃʊr. ənd ðɛr duɪŋ ɪt ɪn ə ˈvɛri ˈklɛvər weɪ, ˈpʊtɪŋ təˈgɛðər ə hoʊl bənʧ əv kæʧ ˈfreɪzɪz, ˈmɛni əv ðɛm ˌkɑntrəˈdɪktəri, ɪn skɛr kwoʊts ðət ˈsɪmpli ˌriɪnˈfɔrs ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ðə ɪz "ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər." θɪŋk ˈprɑˌgrɛs rɪˈpɔrts: ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, waɪl əˈtɛndɪŋ ðə ti ˈpɑrti ˈpeɪtriət ˈsəmɪt ɪn ˈfinɪks, ˌɛrɪˈzoʊnə, aɪ keɪm əˈkrɔs ðə grænd ˈoʊpənɪŋ əv ə nu frənt grup kɔld fræŋk exposed.”*.” tu ˈstæfərz fər ðə nu grup wər ˈigərli ˈʃeɪkɪŋ hænz əv ti ˈpɑrti ˈæktɪvɪsts waɪl ˈæskɪŋ ðɛm tɪ fɪl aʊt ə ˈsərˌveɪ əˈbaʊt ðɛr pərˈsɛpʃən əv ðə dɑd fræŋk wɔl strit rɪˈfɔrm lɔ pæst læst jɪr. ɔn ə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən sɛt əp æt ðə buθ, ə ˈvɪdioʊ pleɪd ɔn lup ˈkleɪmɪŋ wɔl strit rɪˈfɔrm ɪz ən ˈteɪˌkoʊvər əv ðə juz. economy.”*.” ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, sɛt tɪ ˈskɛri əˈtæk æd mˈjuzɪk, ˈɑrgjud ðət ti ˈpɑrti ˈæktɪvɪsts ʃʊd bi ɛz ˈæŋgri æt ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈfɔrm ɛz ðeɪ wər əˈgɛnst ˈprɛzɪdənt hɛlθ rɪˈfɔrmz: ˈnɛreɪtər: frəm ðə seɪm ˈpipəl hu brɔt ju kəmz ə ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl sequal*: dɑd fræŋk. læst jɪr, ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌoʊˈbɑmə ənd ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs rəʃt θru ðə sˈwipɪŋ ˈoʊvərˌhɔl əv ˈhɛlθˌkɛr əˈmaʊnɪŋ tɪ ðə ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl paʊər græb ˈfɑloʊd kˈwɪkli baɪ dɑd fræŋk wɔl strit rɪˈfɔrm ənd kənˈsumər prəˈtɛkʃən ækt. ʤɪst laɪk ɪt kriˈeɪtɪd ə ˈmæsɪv, ˌənˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri bjʊˈrɑkrəsi. ðə kənˈsumər ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl prəˈtɛkʃən ˈbjʊroʊ ɪz ə ˈrənəˌweɪ ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri məˈʃin kəmˈplitli ˌənəˈkaʊntəbəl tɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt, ðə ˈkɑŋgrəs, ənd ðə kɔrts. aɪ spoʊk ˈbrifli tɪ ə jəŋ ˈstæfər fər ðə grup, hu toʊld mi ðət ðə ɪnˈtaɪər lɔ hæd tɪ bi rɪˈpild. əv it?”*?” aɪ æst. tɪ stɑp ðə bleeding,”*,” ʃi rɪˈplaɪd. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈsərˌveɪ rɪˈzəlts ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ðə dɑd fræŋk ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ti ˈpɑrti ˈpeɪtriəts baɪ ə waɪd ˈmɑrʤən əˈgrid: rɪˈpil ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈfɔrm lɔ. rɛd ɔn tɪ faɪnd aʊt huz bɪˈhaɪnd ðɪs. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi noʊz ɪgˈzæktli wɛr ðə ˈməniz ˈkəmɪŋ frəm bət ðɪs meɪ prəˈvaɪd ə ˈlɪtəl klu: ˈnoʊtəbli, ðə dɑd fræŋk ɪkˈspoʊzd ˈwɛbˌsaɪt əˈplɔdz ˌlɪtəˈgeɪʃən ˈspɑnsərd baɪ ðə juz. ˈʧeɪmbər əv ˈkɑmərs, wɪʧ ɪz ˈfəndɪd baɪ bæŋks laɪk ənd bæŋk əv əˈmɛrɪkə, fər ˈʧælənʤɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnstɪˌtuʃəˈnælɪti əv wɔl strit rɪˈfɔrm. ˈdɪgbi æm
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hullabaloo
tuesday, april 26, 2011
tea party populists serving the aristocrats
by digby
the other night i was talking to someone who doesn't follow politics but who happened to randomly catch andrew breitbart on eliot spitzer's show selling the notion that the tea party is hostile to wall street. he was convinced that this was true and told me that this was going to be a fruitful bipartisan coalition and that it was going to result in a huge change in politic.
let's set aside brietbart for a moment. we all know he's an unbalanced, racist con artists who will say anything. but breitbart notwithstanding, there are a lot of people who believe that the tea party is anti-wall street. i don't think this is true. the far right is anti- bailouts , but their reasoning is that the government should never "interfere" in the economy, not that wall street did something wrong. indeed, if you look back at the famous rick santelli rant that's credited with inspiring the tea party movement (beyond ron paul) it was rage at the idea of rewarding all the undeserving poor people who bought houses they couldn't afford:
rick santelli: the government is promoting bad behavior. because we certainly don’t want to put stimulus forth and give people a whopping $8 or $10 in their check, and think that they ought to save it, and in terms of modifications… i’ll tell you what, i have an idea.
you know, the new administration’s big on computers and technology– how about this, president and new administration? why don’t you put up a website to have people vote on the internet as a referendum to see if we really want to subsidize the losers’ mortgages; or would we like to at least buy cars and buy houses in foreclosure and give them to people that might have a chance to actually prosper down the road, and reward people that could carry the water instead of drink the water?
trader on floor: that’s a novel idea.
(applause, cheering)
joe kernen: hey, rick… oh, boy. they’re like putty in your hands. did you hear…?
santelli: no they’re not, joe. they’re not like putty in our hands. this is america! how many of you people want to pay for your neighbor’s mortgage that has an extra bathroom and can’t pay their bills? raise their hand.
(booing)
president obama, are you listening?
trader: how ’bout we all stop paying our mortgage? it’s a moral hazard.
kernen: it’s like mob rule here. i’m getting scared. i’m glad i’m…
carl quintanilla: get some bricks and bats…
santelli: don’t get scared, joe. they’re already scaring you. you know, cuba used to have mansions and a relatively decent economy. they moved from the individual to the collective. now, they’re driving ’54 chevys, maybe the last great car to come out of detroit.
kernen: they’re driving them on water, too, which is a little strange to watch.
santelli: there you go.
kernen: hey rick, how about the notion that, wilbur pointed out, you can go down to 2% on the mortgage…
santelli: you could go down to -2%. they can’t afford the house.
kernen: …and still have 40%, and still have 40% not be able to do it. so why are they in the house? why are we trying to keep them in the house?
santelli: i know mr. summers is a great economist, but boy, i’d love the answer to that one.
rebecca quick: wow. wilbur, you get people fired up.
santelli: we’re thinking of having a chicago tea party in july. all you capitalists that want to show up to lake michigan, i’m gonna start organizing.
the far right does not care about wall street. they care about "government" the big boogeyman that's taking their hard earned money and giving it to the wrong people. and while they may not have liked the tarp, they conflate it with the auto bailout and "cash for clunkers" and think it was socialism . so i'm afraid we aren't going to find a lot of common ground on this.
but just in case, the big money boyz are putting some of their spare change to work just to make sure. and they're doing it in a very clever way, putting together a whole bunch of catch phrases, many of them contradictory, in scare quotes that simply reinforce the idea that the gummint is "taking over." think progress reports:
in february, while attending the tea party patriot summit in phoenix, arizona, i came across the grand opening of a new front group called “dodd frank exposed.” two staffers for the new group were eagerly shaking hands of tea party activists while asking them to fill out a survey about their perception of the dodd frank wall street reform law passed last year.
on a television set up at the booth, a video played on loop claiming wall street reform is an “unconstitutional takeover of the u.s. economy.” the video, set to scary attack ad music, argued that tea party activists should be as angry at financial reform as they were against president obama’s health reforms:
narrator: from the same people who brought you obamacare comes a controversial sequal: dodd frank. last year, president obama and the democrat-run congress rushed through the sweeping overhaul of healthcare amounting to the unconstitutional power grab followed quickly by dodd frank wall street reform and consumer protection act. just like obamacare it created a massive, unconstitutional regulatory bureaucracy. the consumer financial protection bureau is a runaway regulatory machine completely unaccountable to the president, the congress, and the courts.
i spoke briefly to a young staffer for the group, who told me that the entire law had to be repealed. “all of it?” i asked. “anything to stop the bleeding,” she replied. according to the survey results posted on the dodd frank exposed website, tea party patriots by a wide margin agreed: repeal the financial reform law.
read on to find out who's behind this. nobody knows exactly where the money's coming from but this may provide a little clue:
notably, the dodd frank exposed website applauds litigation sponsored by the u.s. chamber of commerce, which is funded by banks like citigroup and bank of america, for challenging the constitutionality of wall street reform.
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digby 4/26/2011 11:00:00 am
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ðə ˈʤʊrərz ər raɪt ðət ə ˈfɛləni ˈrɛkərd əˈloʊn wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt əˈtɛndənt ʤeɪl ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ɪz ən ˌɪnˈdɛlɪbəl mɑrk wɪθ ˈruənəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ðoʊz hu ˈkɛri ɪt ənd məst ðɛn ˈnævəˌgeɪt ðə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri wərld. ðə greɪt laɪ ɪz ðət ˈʤəstɪs məˈtɪriəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri dɪˌtərmɪˈneɪʃənz əv gɪlt ər ˈɪnəsəns. ðə ˈʤʊri wɑz bænd frəm ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsɛntənsɪŋ fər keɪs ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ˈɔfərɪŋ ə ˈvərdɪkt. ðɛr ʃɑk ənd rɪˈmɔrs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. lɪvz ər ɪn jʊr hænz, ˈʤʊrərz. noʊ ˈbɛtər. ðɛr ˈlɛtər ɪz ə sˈlɪvər əv ˈsɪlvər ɔn ə klaʊd ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈoʊvər məkˈmɪlən, hu ɪz ˈkərəntli lɑkt əp ɪn ˈraɪkərz ˈaɪlənd, dɪˈnaɪd beɪl twaɪs. ɪn ðɛr ˈlɛtər, ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈʤʊrərz noʊt, "wi wʊd æsk ðə kɔrt tɪ kənˈsɪdər proʊˈbeɪʃən wɪθ kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs. wi fil ðət ðə ˈfɛləni mɑrk ɔn ˈrɛkərd ɪz ˈpənɪʃmənt ɪˈnəf." ðeɪ ərʤ əˈgɛnst ˈɛni ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌkɑrsərˈeɪʃən. wɪθ ðə grɪm ˈprɑspɛkt əv tu tɪ ˈsɛvən jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən, ɪt wʊd bi ðə bɛst əv ə bæd sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪf ðə ˈʤʊrərz' pliz ər ˈhidɪd. əˈgæst æt ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət ðɛr ˈgɪlti ˈvərdɪkt əˈgɛnst ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ˈæktɪvɪst məkˈmɪlən kʊd lænd ðə əp tɪ ˈsɛvən jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən, ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʤʊrərz ɪn ðə keɪs hæv ˈrɪtən tɪ ðə prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ʤəʤ tɪ æsk fər ˈlinjənsi ɪn ˈsɛntənsɪŋ. rɛd mɔr əˈgæst æt ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət ðɛr ˈgɪlti ˈvərdɪkt əˈgɛnst ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ˈæktɪvɪst məkˈmɪlən kʊd lænd ðə əp tɪ ˈsɛvən jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən, ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʤʊrərz ɪn ðə keɪs hæv ˈrɪtən tɪ ðə prɪˈzaɪdɪŋ ʤəʤ tɪ æsk fər ˈlinjənsi ɪn ˈsɛntənsɪŋ. ðɛr ˈlɛtər ɪz ə sˈlɪvər əv ˈsɪlvər ɔn ə klaʊd ˈhæŋɪŋ ˈoʊvər məkˈmɪlən, hu ɪz ˈkərəntli lɑkt əp ɪn ˈraɪkərz ˈaɪlənd, dɪˈnaɪd beɪl twaɪs. ɪn ðɛr ˈlɛtər, ðə əˈnɑnəməs ˈʤʊrərz noʊt, "wi wʊd æsk ðə kɔrt tɪ kənˈsɪdər proʊˈbeɪʃən wɪθ kəmˈjunɪti ˈsərvɪs. wi fil ðət ðə ˈfɛləni mɑrk ɔn ˈrɛkərd ɪz ˈpənɪʃmənt ɪˈnəf." ðeɪ ərʤ əˈgɛnst ˈɛni ˈfərðər ˌɪnˌkɑrsərˈeɪʃən. wɪθ ðə grɪm ˈprɑspɛkt əv tu tɪ ˈsɛvən jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən, ɪt wʊd bi ðə bɛst əv ə bæd sɪˈnɛrioʊ ɪf ðə ˈʤʊrərz' pliz ər ˈhidɪd. ðə ˈʤʊri wɑz bænd frəm ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈditeɪlz əv ˈpɑsəbəl ˈsɛntənsɪŋ fər keɪs ənˈtɪl ˈæftər ˈɔfərɪŋ ə ˈvərdɪkt. ðɛr ʃɑk ənd rɪˈmɔrs, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. lɪvz ər ɪn jʊr hænz, ˈʤʊrərz. noʊ ˈbɛtər. gɪlt: ˌɪnˈʤəstɪs æt ɪts moʊst ˈbeɪsɪk. rɛd mɔr hir. ðə ˈʤʊrərz ər raɪt ðət ə ˈfɛləni ˈrɛkərd əˈloʊn wɪθ ər wɪˈθaʊt əˈtɛndənt ʤeɪl ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ɪz ən ˌɪnˈdɛlɪbəl mɑrk wɪθ ˈruənəs ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz fər ðoʊz hu ˈkɛri ɪt ənd məst ðɛn ˈnævəˌgeɪt ðə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri wərld. ðə greɪt laɪ ɪz ðət ˈʤəstɪs məˈtɪriəˌlaɪzɪz ɪn ðə ˈbaɪnəˌri dɪˌtərmɪˈneɪʃənz əv gɪlt ər ˈɪnəsəns. ɛz maɪ frɛnd ənd ˈkɑlig ˈmɑli ˈnoʊtɪd fər vaɪs, "ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm gɪts mɪkst əp wɪθ ˈʤəstɪs. ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz wɪl ˈpənɪʃ ðə ˈwɪkəd. ðə ˈɪnəsənt wɪl bi rɪˈdimd." bət oʊɪŋ tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz' ˌɪˈmɛns paʊər tɪ ˈgɑrnər pli dilz, ˈɔfən ˈlɛvərɪʤɪŋ ðə θrɛt əv ˈlɛŋθi ˈmɪnəməm ˈsɛntənsɪz ɪf ə dɪˈfɛndənt ˈluzɪz ɪn traɪəl ɛz məkˈmɪlən wɛl noʊz 95 pərˈsɛnt əv ˈkrɪmənəl ˈkeɪsɪz doʊnt ˈivɪn goʊ tɪ traɪəl. ðə ˈkɔrˌtrum ənd ðə ˈvərdɪkt ər ˈoʊnli ə pəˈtinə əv ˈʤəstɪs. ˈʤʊrərz' rɪˈmɔrs ˈɔfərz ə ˈkruʃəl ˈlɛsən: "ˈʤəstɪs," ənd ɔl ɪts ˈkruəltiz, dɪz nɑt rɪˈzaɪd ɪn ðə ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən əv "ˈgɪlti" ər "ˈɪnəsənt." ˈʤʊrərz ər nɑt ðə fərst tɪ bi dɪˈstərbd ɔn ˈlərnɪŋ ðə greɪv ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv ðɛr kənˈvɪkʃənz "tough-on-crime*" ˈsɛntənsɪŋ lɔz, wɪθ rɪˈzəlts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ laɪf ˈsɛntənsɪz fər nɑnˈvaɪələnt kraɪmz laɪk drəg əˈfɛnsɪz, min kənˈvɪktɪŋ ˈʤʊriz kən du mɔr hɑrm ðən ðeɪ noʊ. teɪk, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ðə laɪf ˈsɛntəns wɪθ noʊ ʧæns əv pəroʊl fər ə nɑnˈvaɪələnt ˈbərglər trɔɪ ˈɛlɪs, ɪn luˌiziˈænə. ðɪs wɑz ə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɛr ðə ˈpənɪʃmənt dɪz nɑt fɪt ðə crime,”*,” sɛd ˈrændi ˈwɔlər, wən əv ðə ˈʤʊrərz hu ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ ˈkɑnvɪkt ˈɛlɪs baɪ ə ˈvərdɪkt ənd hu keɪm tɪ rɪˈgrɛt hɪz dɪˈsɪʒən ɪn laɪt əv ðə ˈsɛntənsɪŋ. ˈsɪmələrli, ʤoʊnz həz bɪn ˌɪnˈkɑrsərˌeɪtɪd fər mɔr ðən 14 jɪrz ɪn ˈtɛksəs, ˈsərvɪŋ laɪf wɪˈθaʊt pəroʊl fər ə nɑnˈvaɪələnt kræk ʧɑrʤ. ən rɪˈpɔrt ɪn 2012 ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ˈprɪzənərz ər ˈsərvɪŋ laɪf wɪˈθaʊt pəroʊl ˈsɛntənsɪz fər ““drug*, ˈprɑpərti, ənd ˈəðər nɑnˈvaɪələnt kraɪmz ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd states.”*.” ðə ˈprɛvələns əv ɪkˈsɛsɪv ˈsɛntənsɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs ʃʊd gɪv ɔl pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈʤʊrərz pɔz fər θɔt. ɪt ɪz maɪ vju ðət ˈʤʊri ˌnələfəˈkeɪʃən ɪz ˈɛvər ˈprɛfərəbəl tɪ kənˈdɛmɪŋ əˈnəðər ˈjumən tɪ jɪrz bɪˈhaɪnd bɑrz ɔn ðə bɪˈlif ðeɪ hæv kəˈmɪtɪd ə ˈmaɪnər əˈfɛns. aɪ hoʊp ðət ðə ˈlɛtər ˈæskɪŋ fər ˈlinjənsi ɪz səkˈsɛsfəl. aɪ hoʊp ðə ˈʤʊrərz' rɪˈmɔrs ˈkɛriz ə ˈhɔntɪŋ ˈrɛzənəns wɪθ fˈjuʧər ˈʤʊriz. bət aɪ hæv ˈlɪtəl ˈsɪmpəθi fər ə ˈʤʊrərz ʃɑk ər kənˈsərn. ðɛr ɪz ə ˈsɪstəm æt ˈgreɪtər fɔlt ðən ðə ˈʤʊri wɪʧ kənˈvɪktəd məkˈmɪlən. ɪt ɪz ə ˈsɪstəm baʊnd baɪ ˌɛkspərˈtiz, səʧ ðət ɪts ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ər ˈɔfən ənd ˌɪŋˌkɑmprəˈhɛnsɪbəl tɪ ðə leɪˈpipəl hu meɪk əp ˈʤʊriz. ðɪs ˌeɪˈsɪmətri əv ˈnɑlɪʤ ənd paʊər ɪz ðə ˌprikənˈdɪʃən fər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz, ɪn wɪʧ kənˈvɪktɪŋ ˈʤʊrərz baʊnd tɪ səm ˈmɪθɪk ˈligəl "truθ" noʊ nɑt wət ðeɪ du. ənd lɪvz ər ruɪnd, ənd ˈkeɪʤɪz əv ˈjumənz ər fɪld. ˈfɑloʊ nəˈtɑʃə ˈlɛnərd ɔn tˈwɪtər: ˈɪmɪʤ ˈviə ˈflɪkər
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the jurors are right that a felony record alone with or without attendant jail sentencing is an indelible mark with ruinous consequences for those who carry it and must then navigate the contemporary world. the great lie is that justice materializes in the binary determinations of guilt or innocence.
the jury was banned from investigating the details of possible sentencing for mcmillan's case until after offering a verdict. their shock and remorse, however, is unacceptable. lives are in your hands, jurors. know better.
their letter is a sliver of silver on a coal-black cloud hanging over mcmillan, who isrrently locked up in rikers island, denied bail twice. in their letter, the anonymous jurors note, "we would ask the court to consider probation with community service. we feel that the felony mark on cecily's record is punishment enough." they urge against any further incarceration. with the grim prospect of two to seven years in prison, it would be the best of a bad scenario if the jurors' pleas are heeded.
aghast at the realization that their guilty verdict against occupy activist cecily mcmillan could land the 25-year-old up to seven years in prison, a number of jurors in the case have written to the presiding judge to ask for leniency in sentencing.
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aghast at the realization that their guilty verdict against occupy activist cecily mcmillan could land the 25-year-old up to seven years in prison, a number of jurors in the case have written to the presiding judge to ask for leniency in sentencing.
their letter is a sliver of silver on a coal-black cloud hanging over mcmillan, who isrrently locked up in rikers island, denied bail twice. in their letter, the anonymous jurors note, "we would ask the court to consider probation with community service. we feel that the felony mark on cecily's record is punishment enough." they urge against any further incarceration. with the grim prospect of two to seven years in prison, it would be the best of a bad scenario if the jurors' pleas are heeded.
the jury was banned from investigating the details of possible sentencing for mcmillan's case until after offering a verdict. their shock and remorse, however, is unacceptable. lives are in your hands, jurors. know better.
cecily mcmillan's guilt: injustice at its most basic. read more here.
the jurors are right that a felony record alone with or without attendant jail sentencing is an indelible mark with ruinous consequences for those who carry it and must then navigate the contemporary world. the great lie is that justice materializes in the binary determinations of guilt or innocence.
as my friend and colleague molly crabapple noted for vice, "the criminal justice system gets mixed up with justice. square-jawed prosecutors will punish the wicked. the innocent will be redeemed." but owing to us prosecutors' immense power to garner plea deals, often leveraging the threat of lengthy minimum sentences if a defendant loses in trial as mcmillan well knows 95 percent of criminal cases don't even go to trial. the courtroom and the verdict are only a patina of justice. mcmillan's jurors' remorse offers a crucial lesson: "justice," and all its cruelties, does not reside in the proclamation of "guilty" or "innocent."
mcmillan's juror's are not the first to be disturbed on learning the grave consequences of their convictions -- "tough-on-crime" sentencing laws, with results including life sentences for non-violent crimes like drug offenses, mean convicting juries can do more harm than they know. take, for example, the life sentence with no chance of parole for a non-violent burglar troy ellis, in louisiana.
“clearly this was a situation where the punishment does not fit the crime,” said randy waller, one of the jurors who voted to convict ellis by a 10-2 verdict and who came to regret his decision in light of the sentencing.
similarly, sharanda purlette jones has been incarcerated for more than 14 years in texas, serving life without parole for a non-violent crack cocaine-related charge.
an aclu report in 2012 noted that 3,278 prisoners are serving life without parole sentences for “drug, property, and other nonviolent crimes in the united states.”
the prevalence of excessive sentencing in the us should give all potential jurors pause for thought. it is my view that jury nullification is ever preferable to condemning another human to years behind bars on the belief they have committed a minor offense.
i hope that the letter asking for leniency is successful. i hope the jurors' remorse carries a haunting resonance with future juries. but i have little sympathy for a juror's shock or concern.
there is a system at greater fault than the jury which convicted mcmillan. it is a system bound by expertise, such that its operations are often obfuscated and incomprehensible to the laypeople who make up juries. this asymmetry of knowledge and power is the precondition for mcmillan's situation, and many others, in which convicting jurors bound to some mythic legal "truth" know not what they do. and lives are ruined, and cages of humans are filled.
follow natasha lennard on twitter: @natashalennard
image via flickr
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ˈprɛfəs ðɪs ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv kɪŋ ˈidɪkts ɪz beɪst ˈhɛvəli ɔn ˈɪŋlɪʃ trænzˈleɪʃən, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ənd ə ˈsænskrɪt ənd ˈɪŋlɪʃ trænzˈleɪʃən əv ðə tɛkst. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈmɛni pɑrts əv ðə ˈidɪkts ər fɑr frəm klɪr ɪn ˈminɪŋ ənd ðə ˈnumərəs trænzˈleɪʃənz əv ðɛm ˈdɪfər ˈwaɪdli. ˈðɛrˌfɔr, aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsəltɪd ðə trænzˈleɪʃənz əv si. di. ənd di. ɑr. ənd ɪn pɑrts ˈfeɪvərd ðɛr ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃənz. ˈɛni ˈkrɛdɪt ðɪs smɔl bʊk dɪˈzərvz ɪz du ɪnˈtaɪərli tɪ ðə ˈleɪbərz ənd ˈlərnɪŋ əv ðiz ˈskɑlərz. ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən sadhu*, ti? apasinave*, kayane*, daɪə, deɪn, sace*, socaye*. ɪz gʊd, bət wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts? (ɪt ˌɪnˈkludz) ˈlɪtəl ˈivəl, məʧ gʊd, ˈkaɪndnəs, ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti, ˈtruθfəlnəs ənd ˈpjʊrɪti. kɪŋ wɪθ ðə ridɪˈskəvri ənd trænzˈleɪʃən əv ˈɪndiən ˈlɪtərəʧər baɪ ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈskɑlərz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnʧəri, ɪt wɑz nɑt ʤɪst ðə rɪˈlɪʤən ənd fəˈlɑsəfi əv ˈbudɪzəm ðət keɪm tɪ laɪt, bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪts ˈmɛni ˈlɛʤənˌdɛri ˈhɪstəriz ənd baɪˈɑgrəfiz. əˈməŋst ðɪs klæs əv ˈlɪtərəʧər, wən neɪm ðət keɪm tɪ bi ˈnoʊtɪst wɑz ðət əv, ə gʊd kɪŋ hu wɑz səˈpoʊzd tɪ hæv ruld ˈɪndiə ɪn ðə ˈdɪstənt pæst. ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ðɪs kɪŋ, ˈsɪmələr ɪn ˈaʊˌtlaɪn bət ˈdɪfərɪŋ ˈgreɪtli ɪn ˈditeɪlz, wər faʊnd ɪn ðə divyavadana*, ðə asokavadana*, ðə ənd ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər wərks. ðeɪ toʊld əv ən ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli kruəl ənd ˈruθləs prɪns hu hæd ˈmɛni əv hɪz ˈbrəðərz kɪld ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ siz ðə θroʊn, hu wɑz drəˈmætɪkəli kənˈvərtɪd tɪ ˈbudɪzəm ənd hu ruld ˈwaɪzli ənd ˈʤəstli fər ðə rɛst əv hɪz laɪf. nən əv ðiz ˈstɔriz wər ˈteɪkən ˈsɪriəsli ˈæftər ɔl ˈmɛni ˈkəlʧərz hæd ˈlɛʤəndz əˈbaʊt "tu gʊd tɪ bi tru" kɪŋz hu hæd ruld ˈraɪʧəsli ɪn ðə pæst ənd hu, ˈpipəl hoʊpt, wʊd rul əˈgɛn sun. moʊst əv ðiz ˈlɛʤəndz hæd ðɛr ˈɔrəʤɪnz mɔr ɪn ˈpɑpjələr ˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ bi rɪd əv ðə dɪˈspɑtɪk ənd ənˈkɛrɪŋ kɪŋz ðən ɪn ˈɛni hɪˈstɔrɪkəl fækt. ənd ðə ˈnumərəs ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt wər əˈsumd tɪ bi ðə seɪm. bət ɪn 1837 ʤeɪmz səkˈsidɪd ɪn dəˈsaɪfərɪŋ ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən ɔn ə lɑrʤ stoʊn ˈpɪlər ɪn ˈdɛli. ˈsɛvərəl ˈəðər ˈpɪlərz ənd rɑks wɪθ ˈsɪmələr ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz hæd bɪn noʊn fər səm taɪm ənd hæd əˈtræktəd ðə ˌkjʊriˈɑsəti əv ˈskɑlərz. ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən pruvd tɪ bi ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈidɪkts ˈɪʃud baɪ ə kɪŋ ˈkɔlɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf "beloved-of-the-gods*, kɪŋ." ɪn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈdɛkeɪdz, mɔr ənd mɔr ˈidɪkts baɪ ðɪs seɪm kɪŋ wər dɪˈskəvərd ənd wɪθ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈækjərət əv ðɛr ˈlæŋgwɪʤ, ə mɔr kəmˈplit ˈpɪkʧər əv ðɪs mæn ənd hɪz didz bɪˈgæn tɪ ˈimərʤ. ˈgræʤuəli, ɪt dɔnd ɔn ˈskɑlərz ðət ðə kɪŋ əv ðə ˈidɪkts maɪt bi ðə kɪŋ soʊ ˈɔfən preɪzd ɪn ˈbudəst ˈlɛʤəndz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪt wɑz nɑt ənˈtɪl 1915 wɪn əˈnəðər ˈidɪkt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈmɛnʃənɪŋ ðə neɪm wɑz dɪˈskəvərd, ðət ðə aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən wɑz kənˈfərmd. ˈhævɪŋ bɪn fərˈgɑtən fər ˈnɪrli 700 jɪrz, wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst mɛn ɪn ˈhɪstəri bɪˈkeɪm noʊn tɪ ðə wərld wəns əˈgɛn. ˈidɪkts ər ˈmeɪnli kənˈsərnd wɪθ ðə rɪˈfɔrmz hi ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪd ənd ðə ˈmɔrəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz hi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ɪn hɪz əˈtɛmpt tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ʤɪst ənd hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti. ɛz səʧ, ðeɪ gɪv ˈjuˈɛs ˈlɪtəl ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt hɪz laɪf, ðə ˈditeɪlz əv wɪʧ hæv tɪ bi kəld frəm ˈəðər ˈsɔrsəz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ɪgˈzækt deɪts əv laɪf ər ə ˈmætər əv dɪˈspjut əˈməŋ ˈskɑlərz, hi wɑz bɔrn ɪn əˈbaʊt 304 b.c*. ənd bɪˈkeɪm ðə θərd kɪŋ əv ðə ˈdaɪnəsti ˈæftər ðə dɛθ əv hɪz ˈfɑðər, bindusara*. hɪz ˈgɪvɪn neɪm wɑz bət hi əˈsumd ðə ˈtaɪtəl wɪʧ minz "beloved-of-the-gods*, hi hu lʊks ɔn wɪθ əˈfɛkʃən." ðɛr simz tɪ hæv bɪn ə wɔr əv səkˈsɛʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ æt list wən əv ˈbrəðərz wɑz kɪld. ɪn 262 b.c*., eɪt jɪrz ˈæftər hɪz ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən, ˈɑrmiz əˈtækt ənd ˈkɑŋkərd, ə ˈkəntri ðət ˈrəfli ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz tɪ ðə ˈmɑdərn steɪt əv orissa*. ðə lɔs əv laɪf kɔzd baɪ ˈbætəl, rɪˈpraɪzəlz, ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃənz ənd ðə ˈtərˌmɔɪl ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪgˈzɪsts ɪn ðə ˈæftərˌmæθ əv wɔr soʊ ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd ðət ɪt brɔt əˈbaʊt ə kəmˈplit ʧeɪnʤ ɪn hɪz ˌpərsəˈnælɪti. ɪt simz ðət hæd bɪn ˈkɔlɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ə ˈbudəst fər æt list tu jɪrz praɪər tɪ ðə wɔr, bət hɪz kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ˈbudɪzəm wɑz ˈoʊnli ˈlukˈwɔrm ənd pərˈhæps hæd ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈmoʊtɪv bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt. bət ˈæftər ðə wɔr ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd ðə rɛst əv hɪz laɪf traɪɪŋ tɪ əˈplaɪ ˈbudəst ˈprɪnsəpəlz tɪ ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv hɪz væst ˈɛmpaɪər. hi hæd ə ˈkruʃəl pɑrt tɪ pleɪ ɪn ˈhɛlpɪŋ ˈbudɪzəm tɪ sprɛd boʊθ θruaʊt ˈɪndiə ənd əˈbrɔd, ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪlt ðə fərst ˈmeɪʤər ˈbudəst ˈmɑnjəmənts. daɪd ɪn 232 b.c*. ɪn ðə jɪr əv hɪz reɪn. ˈidɪkts ər tɪ bi faʊnd ˈskætərd ɪn mɔr ðən ˈθərˌdi ˈpleɪsɪz θruaʊt ˈɪndiə, nəˈpɔl, ˈpækɪˌstæn ənd æfˈgænəˌstæn. moʊst əv ðɛm ər ˈrɪtən ɪn skrɪpt frəm wɪʧ ɔl ˈɪndiən skrɪpts ənd ˈmɛni əv ðoʊz juzd ɪn ˌsaʊˈθist ˈeɪʒə ˈleɪtər dɪˈvɛləpt. ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ juzd ɪn ðə ˈidɪkts faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈistərn pɑrt əv ðə ɪz ə taɪp əv, ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə əˈfɪʃəl ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əv kɔrt. ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ juzd ɪn ðə ˈidɪkts faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈwɛstərn pɑrt əv ˈɪndiə ɪz ˈkloʊzər tɪ ˈsænskrɪt ˌɔlˈðoʊ wən baɪˈlɪŋgwəl ˈidɪkt ɪn æfˈgænəˌstæn ɪz ˈrɪtən ɪn ənd grik. ˈidɪkts, wɪʧ kəmˈpraɪz ðə ˈərliəst ˈkɔrpəs əv ˈrɪtən ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm ˈɪndiə, hæv sərˈvaɪvd θruaʊt ðə ˈsɛnʧəriz bɪˈkəz ðeɪ ər ˈrɪtən ɔn rɑks ənd stoʊn ˈpɪlərz. ðiz ˈpɪlərz ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ər ˈtɛstɪˌmoʊni tɪ ðə ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ənd ɑrˈtɪstɪk ˈʤinjəs əv ˈeɪnʧənt ˈɪndiən ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ərˈɪʤənəli, ðɛr məst hæv bɪn ˈmɛni əv ðɛm, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈoʊnli tɛn wɪθ ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz stɪl sərˈvaɪv. ˈævrɪʤɪŋ bɪtˈwin ˈfɔrti ənd ˈfɪfti fit ɪn haɪt, ənd weɪɪŋ əp tɪ ˈfɪfti tənz iʧ, ɔl ðə ˈpɪlərz wər æt chunar*, ʤɪst saʊθ əv ənd drægd, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈhənərdz əv maɪəlz, tɪ wɛr ðeɪ wər ɪˈrɛktɪd. iʧ ˈpɪlər wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli kæpt baɪ ə ˈkæpɪtəl, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ə ˈrɔrɪŋ laɪən, ə ˈnoʊbəl bʊl ər ə ˈspɪrɪtəd hɔrs, ənd ðə fju ˈkæpɪtəlz ðət sərˈvaɪv ər ˈwaɪdli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ɛz ˈmæstərˌpisɪz əv ˈɪndiən ɑrt. boʊθ ðə ˈpɪlərz ənd ðə ˈkæpɪtəlz ɪgˈzɪbɪt ə rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈpɑlɪʃ ðət həz sərˈvaɪvd dɪˈspaɪt ˈsɛnʧəriz əv ɪkˈspoʊʒər tɪ ðə ˈɛləmənts. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə rɑk ˈidɪkts ɪz ˈgəvərnd baɪ ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˈsutəbəl rɑks, bət ðə ˈidɪkts ɔn ˈpɪlərz ər ɔl tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn ˈvɛri spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈpleɪsɪz. səm, laɪk ðə ˈpɪlər, mɑrk ðə ˈbudəz ˈbərθˌpleɪs, waɪl ɪts ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃənz kəˈmɛmərˌeɪt ˈpɪlgrəmɪʤ tɪ ðət pleɪs. ˈəðərz ər tɪ bi faʊnd ɪn ər nɪr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən ˈsɛnərz soʊ ðət ðɛr ˈidɪkts kʊd bi rɛd baɪ ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl. ðɛr ɪz ˈlɪtəl daʊt ðət ˈidɪkts wər ˈrɪtən ɪn hɪz oʊn wərdz ˈrəðər ðən ɪn ðə staɪˈlɪstɪk ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪn wɪʧ rɔɪəl ˈidɪkts ər ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz ɪn ðə ˈeɪnʧənt wərld wər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈrɪtən ɪn. ðɛr dɪˈstɪŋktli ˈpərsɪnəl toʊn gɪvz ˈjuˈɛs ə juˈnik glɪmps ˈɪntu ðə ˌpərsəˈnælɪti əv ðɪs ˈkɑmplɛks ənd rɪˈmɑrkəbəl mæn. staɪl tɛndz tɪ bi ˈsəmˈwət ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃəs ənd ˈplɑdɪŋ ɛz ɪf ɪkˈspleɪnɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ wən hu həz ˈdɪfɪˌkəlti ɪn ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ. ˈfrikwɛntli rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə gʊd wərks hi həz dən, ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɪn ə ˈboʊstfəl weɪ, bət mɔr, ɪt simz, tɪ kənˈvɪns ðə ˈridər əv hɪz sɪnˈsɛrəti. ɪn fækt, ən tɪ bi θɔt əv ɛz ə sɪnˈsɪr ˈpərsən ənd ə gʊd ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər ɪz ˈprɛzənt ɪn ˈnɪrli ˈɛvəri ˈidɪkt. tɛlz hɪz ˈsəbʤɪkts ðət hi lʊkt əˈpɑn ðɛm ɛz hɪz ˈʧɪldrən, ðət ðɛr ˈwɛlˌfɛr ɪz hɪz meɪn kənˈsərn; hi əˈpɑləˌʤaɪzɪz fər ðə wɔr ənd ˌriəˈʃʊrz ðə ˈpipəl bɪɔnd ðə ˈbɔrdərz əv hɪz ˈɛmpaɪər ðət hi həz noʊ ɪkˈspænʧənɪst ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz təˈwɔrdz ðɛm. mɪkst wɪθ ðɪs sɪnˈsɛrəti, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈdɛfənət ˌpjʊrəˈtænɪkəl strik ɪn ˈkɛrɪktər səˈʤɛstɪd baɪ hɪz dɪsəˈpruvəl əv ˈfɛstɪvəlz ənd əv rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈrɪʧuəlz ˈmɛni əv wɪʧ waɪl biɪŋ əv ˈlɪtəl ˈvælju wər ˌnənðəˈlɛs ˈhɑrmləs. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɛri klɪr ðət ˈbudɪzəm wɑz ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl fɔrs ɪn laɪf ənd ðət hi hoʊpt hɪz ˈsəbʤɪkts ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz wʊd əˈdɑpt hɪz rɪˈlɪʤən. hi wɛnt ɔn ˈpɪlgrəmɪʤɪz tɪ ənd gaya*, sɛnt ˈtiʧɪŋ məŋks tɪ ˈvɛriəs ˈriʤənz ɪn ˈɪndiə ənd bɪɔnd ɪts ˈbɔrdərz, ənd hi wɑz fəˈmɪljər ɪˈnəf wɪθ ðə ˈseɪkrɪd tɛksts tɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd səm əv ðɛm tɪ ðə məˈnæstɪk kəmˈjunɪti. ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈvɛri klɪr ðət sɔ ðə rɪˈfɔrmz hi ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪd ɛz biɪŋ ə pɑrt əv hɪz ˈdutiz ɛz ə ˈbudəst. bət, waɪl hi wɑz ən ɪnˌθuziˈæstɪk ˈbudəst, hi wɑz nɑt ˈpɑrtəzən təˈwɔrdz hɪz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən ər ˌɪnˈtɑlərənt əv ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz. hi simz tɪ hæv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪnli hoʊpt tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ ˈpræktɪs hɪz ər hər oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən wɪθ ðə seɪm kənˈvɪkʃən ðət hi ˈpræktɪst hɪz. ˈskɑlərz hæv səˈʤɛstɪd ðət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈidɪkts seɪ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkts əv ˈbudɪzəm, hæd ə sɪmˈplɪstɪk ənd naɪiv ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðə. ðɪs vju dɪz nɑt teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈpərpəs əv ðə ˈidɪkts wɑz nɑt tɪ ɪkˈspaʊnd ðə truθs əv ˈbudɪzəm, bət tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðə ˈpipəl əv rɪˈfɔrmz ənd tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðɛm tɪ bi mɔr ˈʤɛnərəs, kaɪnd ənd ˈmɔrəl. ðɪs biɪŋ ðə keɪs, ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈrizən fər tɪ dɪˈskəs ˈbudəst fəˈlɑsəfi. ˈimərʤɪz frəm hɪz ˈidɪkts ɛz ən ˈeɪbəl ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər, ən ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ˈjumən biɪŋ ənd ɛz ə dɪˈvoʊtɪd ˈbudəst, ənd wi kʊd ɪkˈspɛkt ɪm tɪ teɪk ɛz kin ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈbudəst fəˈlɑsəfi ɛz hi dɪd ɪn ˈbudəst ˈpræktɪs. ðə ˈkɑntɛnts əv ˈidɪkts meɪk ɪt klɪr ðət ɔl ðə ˈlɛʤəndz əˈbaʊt hɪz waɪz ənd hjuˈmeɪn rul ər mɔr ðən ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd ənd kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɪm tɪ bi ræŋkt ɛz wən əv ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈrulərz. ɪn hɪz ˈidɪkts, hi spoʊk əv wət maɪt bi kɔld steɪt ˌmɔˈræləˌti, ənd ˈpraɪvət ər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˌmɔˈræləˌti. ðə fərst wɑz wət hi beɪst hɪz ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əˈpɑn ənd wət hi hoʊpt wʊd lɛd tɪ ə mɔr ʤɪst, mɔr ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəˌli ˌɪnˈklaɪnd soʊˈsaɪɪti, waɪl ðə ˈsɛkənd wɑz wət hi ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ənd ɪnˈkərəʤd ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz tɪ ˈpræktɪs. boʊθ ðiz taɪps əv ˌmɔˈræləˌti wər ˌɪmˈbjud wɪθ ðə ˈbudəst ˈvæljuz əv kəmˈpæʃən, ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən, ˈtɑlərəns ənd rɪˈspɛkt fər ɔl laɪf. ðə steɪt geɪv əp ðə ˈprɛdəˌtɔri ˈfɔrən ˈpɑləsi ðət hæd ˈkɛrɪktərˌaɪzd ðə ˈɛmpaɪər əp tɪl ðɛn ənd ˌriˈpleɪst ɪt wɪθ ə ˈpɑləsi əv ˈpisfəl co-existence*. ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈsɪstəm wɑz rɪˈfɔrmd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ɪt mɔr fɛr, lɛs hɑrʃ ənd lɛs ˈoʊpən tɪ əˈbjuz, waɪl ðoʊz ˈsɛntənst tɪ dɛθ wər ˈgɪvɪn ə steɪ əv ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən tɪ priˈpɛr əˈpilz ənd ˈrɛgjələr ˈæmnəstiz wər ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ˈprɪzənərz. steɪt ˈrisɔrsɪz wər juzd fər ˈjusfəl ˈpəblɪk wərks laɪk ðə ˌɪmpɔrˈteɪʃən ənd ˌkəltɪˈveɪʃən əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ərbz, ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ əv rɛst ˈhaʊsɪz, ðə ˈdɪgɪŋ əv wɛlz æt ˈrɛgjələr ˈɪntərvəlz əˈlɔŋ meɪn roʊdz ənd ðə ˈplæntɪŋ əv frut ənd ʃeɪd triz. tɪ ɪnˈsu ðət ðiz rɪˈfɔrmz ənd ˈprɑʤɛkts wər ˈkɛrid aʊt, meɪd hɪmˈsɛlf mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl tɪ hɪz ˈsəbʤɪkts baɪ goʊɪŋ ɔn ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən tʊrz ənd hi ɪkˈspɛktɪd hɪz ˈdɪstrɪkt ˈɔfɪsərz tɪ ˈfɑloʊ hɪz ɪgˈzæmpəl. tɪ ðə seɪm ɛnd, hi geɪv ˈɔrdərz ðət ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt steɪt ˈbɪznɪs ər pəˈtɪʃənz wər ˈnɛvər tɪ bi kɛpt frəm ɪm noʊ ˈmætər wət hi wɑz duɪŋ æt ðə taɪm. ðə steɪt hæd ə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti nɑt ʤɪst tɪ prəˈtɛkt ənd prəˈmoʊt ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ɪts ˈpipəl bət ˈɔlsoʊ ɪts ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf. ˈhəntɪŋ ˈsərtən ˈspiʃiz əv waɪld ˈænəməlz wɑz bænd, ˈfɔrɪst ənd ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf rɪˈzərvz wər ɪˈstæblɪʃt ənd ˈkruəlti tɪ dəˈmɛstɪk ənd waɪld ˈænəməlz wɑz proʊˈhɪbətəd. ðə prəˈtɛkʃən əv ɔl riˈlɪʤənz, ðɛr pərˈmoʊʃən ənd ðə ˈfɑstərɪŋ əv ˈhɑrməni bɪtˈwin ðɛm, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ sin ɛz wən əv ðə ˈdutiz əv ðə steɪt. ɪt ˈivɪn simz ðət ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv rɪˈlɪʤəs əˈfɛrz wɑz ɪˈstæblɪʃt wɪθ ˈɔfɪsərz kɔld huz ʤɑb ɪt wɑz tɪ lʊk ˈæftər ðə əˈfɛrz əv ˈvɛriəs rɪˈlɪʤəs ˈbɑdiz ənd tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə ˈpræktɪs əv rɪˈlɪʤən. ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˌmɔˈræləˌti ðət hoʊpt tɪ ˈfɑstər ˌɪnˈkludɪd rɪˈspɛkt (susrusa*) təˈwɔrdz ˈpɛrənts, ˈɛldərz, ˈtiʧərz, frɛndz, ˈsərvənts, ənd bɪˈheɪvjər ðət əˈkɔrdz wɪθ ðə ədˈvaɪs ˈgɪvɪn tɪ siˈgɑlə baɪ ðə ˈbudə nikaya*, ˈdɪskɔrs noʊ. 31 hi ɪnˈkərəʤd ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti (ˈdeɪnə) tɪ ðə pur valaka*), tɪ ənd, ənd tɪ frɛndz ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz. nɑt səˈpraɪzɪŋli, ɪnˈkərəʤd təˈwɔrdz ɔl laɪf bhutanam*). ɪn kənˈfɔrməti wɪθ ðə ˈbudəz ədˈvaɪs ɪn ðə nikaya*, hi ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈsɪdərd ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈseɪvɪŋ tɪ bi gʊd bhadata*). ˈtritɪŋ ˈpipəl ˈprɑpərli pratipati*), hi səˈʤɛstɪd, wɑz məʧ mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ðən pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz ðət wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ brɪŋ gʊd lək. bɪˈkəz ɪt hɛlpt prəˈmoʊt ˈtɑlərəns ənd mˈjuʧuəl rɪˈspɛkt, dɪˈzaɪərd ðət ˈpipəl ʃʊd bi sruta*) ɪn ðə gʊd ˈdɑktrənz (kalanagama*) əv ˈəðər ˈpipəlz riˈlɪʤənz. ðə kˈwɑlətiz əv hɑrt ðət ər ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd baɪ ɪn ðə ˈidɪkts ˈɪndəˌkeɪt hɪz dip ˌspɪrɪˌʧuˈæləˌti. ðeɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˈkaɪndnəs (daɪə), (palikhaya*), ˈtruθfəlnəs (sace*), ˈgrætəˌtud (katamnata*), ˈpjʊrɪti əv hɑrt sudhi*), ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm (usahena*), strɔŋ ˈlɔɪəlti bhatita*), ˌsɛlfkənˈtroʊl (sayame*) ənd ləv əv ðə kamata*). wi hæv noʊ weɪ əv noʊɪŋ haʊ ˈifɛktɪv rɪˈfɔrmz wər ər haʊ lɔŋ ðeɪ ˈlæstɪd bət wi du noʊ ðət ˈmɑˌnɑrks θruaʊt ðə ˈeɪnʧənt ˈbudəst wərld wər ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ lʊk tɪ hɪz staɪl əv ˈgəvərnmənt ɛz ən aɪˈdil tɪ bi ˈfɑloʊd. kɪŋ həz tɪ bi ˈkrɛdɪtɪd wɪθ ðə fərst əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈbudəst ˈpɑləti. təˈdeɪ, wɪθ ˈwaɪdˈsprɛd ˌdɪsɪˈluʒənmənt ɪn prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ˌaɪdiˈɑləʤiz ənd ðə sərʧ fər ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl fəˈlɑsəfi ðət goʊz bɪɔnd grid (ˈkæpɪtəˌlɪzəm), ˈheɪtrəd (ˈkɑmjəˌnɪzəm) ənd dɪˈluʒən (dɪkˈteɪtərˌʃɪps lɛd baɪ "ˌɪnˈfæləbəl" ˈlidərz), ˈidɪkts meɪ meɪk ə ˈminɪŋfəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən tɪ ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ə mɔr ˈspɪrɪˌʧuəˌli beɪst pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈsɪstəm. ðə ˌfɔrˈtin rɑk ˈidɪkts 1, kɪŋ, həz kɔzd ðɪs ˈidɪkt tɪ bi hir (ɪn maɪ doʊˈmeɪn) noʊ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz ər tɪ bi sˈlɔtərd ər ˈɔfərd ɪn ˈsækrəˌfaɪs. nɔr ʃʊd ˈfɛstɪvəlz bi hɛld, fər, kɪŋ, siz məʧ tɪ ˈɑbʤɛkt tɪ ɪn səʧ ˈfɛstɪvəlz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr ər səm ˈfɛstɪvəlz ðət, kɪŋ, dɪz əˈpruv əv. ˈfɔrmərli, ɪn ðə ˈkɪʧən əv, kɪŋ, ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈænəməlz wər kɪld ˈɛvəri deɪ tɪ meɪk ˈkəri. bət naʊ wɪθ ðə ˈraɪtɪŋ əv ðɪs ˈidɪkt ˈoʊnli θri ˈkriʧərz, tu ˈpiˌkɑks ənd ə dɪr ər kɪld, ənd ðə dɪr nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz. ənd ɪn taɪm, nɑt ˈivɪn ðiz θri ˈkriʧərz wɪl bi kɪld. 2 wɪˈθɪn, kɪŋ doʊˈmeɪn, ənd əˈməŋ ðə ˈpipəl bɪɔnd ðə ˈbɔrdərz, ðə, ðə, ðə, ðə, ɛz fɑr ɛz ənd wɛr ðə grik kɪŋ rulz, ənd əˈməŋ ðə kɪŋz hu ər ˈneɪbərz əv ˈɛvriˌwɛr həz, kɪŋ, meɪd prəˈvɪʒən fər tu taɪps əv ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt: ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt fər ˈjumənz ənd ˈmɛdɪkəl ˈtritmənt fər ˈænəməlz. wɛˈrɛvər ˈmɛdɪkəl ərbz ˈsutəbəl fər ˈjumənz ər ˈænəməlz ər nɑt əˈveɪləbəl, aɪ hæv hæd ðɛm ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd ənd groʊn. wɛˈrɛvər ˈmɛdɪkəl ruts ər fruts ər nɑt əˈveɪləbəl aɪ hæv hæd ðɛm ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd ənd groʊn. əˈlɔŋ roʊdz aɪ hæv hæd wɛlz dəg ənd triz ˈplænɪd fər ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈjumənz ənd 3, kɪŋ, spiks twɛlv jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən ðɪs həz bɪn ˈɔrdərd ˈɛvriˌwɛr ɪn maɪ doʊˈmeɪn ðə, ðə ənd ðə ʃæl goʊ ɔn ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən tʊrz ˈɛvəri faɪv jɪrz fər ðə ˈpərpəs əv ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ənd ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ ˈkɑndəkt ˈəðər rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər ɪz gʊd, ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti tɪ frɛndz, əkˈweɪntənsɪz, ˈrɛlətɪvz, ənd ɪz gʊd, nɑt ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz ɪz gʊd, ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈspɛndɪŋ ənd ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈseɪvɪŋ ɪz gʊd. ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ʃæl ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪ ðə əˈbaʊt ðə əbˈzərvəns əv ðiz ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɪn ðiz ˈvɛri wərdz. 4 ɪn ðə pæst, fər ˈmɛni ˈhənərdz əv jɪrz, ˈkɪlɪŋ ər ˈhɑrmɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz ənd ˌɪmˈprɑpər bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrdz ˈrɛlətɪvz, ənd ˌɪmˈprɑpər bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrdz ənd həz bət naʊ du tɪ, kɪŋ ˈpræktɪs, ðə saʊnd əv ðə drəm həz bɪn ˌriˈpleɪst baɪ ðə saʊnd əv ðə ðə ˈsaɪtɪŋ əv ˈhɛvənli kɑz, ɑˈspɪʃəs ˈɛləfənts, ˈbɑdiz əv faɪər ənd ˈəðər dɪˈvaɪn ˈsaɪtɪŋz həz nɑt ˈhæpənd fər ˈmɛni ˈhənərdz əv jɪrz. bət naʊ bɪˈkəz, kɪŋ prəˈmoʊts rɪˈstreɪnt ɪn ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ ənd ˈhɑrmɪŋ əv ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz, ˈprɑpər bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrdz ˈrɛlətɪvz, ənd, ənd rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈməðər, ˈfɑðər ənd ˈɛldərz, səʧ ˈsaɪtɪŋz hæv ðiz ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər kaɪnz əv ˈpræktɪs hæv bɪn ɪnˈkərəʤd baɪ, kɪŋ, ənd hi wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˈpræktɪs. ənd ðə sənz, ˈgrændˌsənz ənd əv, kɪŋ, tu wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˈpræktɪs ənˈtɪl ðə ɛnd əv taɪm; ˈlɪvɪŋ baɪ ənd ˈvərʧu, ðeɪ wɪl ˌɪnˈstrəkt ɪn. ˈtruli, ðɪs ɪz ðə haɪəst wərk, tɪ ˌɪnˈstrəkt ɪn. bət ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ðə ˈkænɑt bi dən baɪ wən hu ɪz dɪˈvɔɪd əv ˈvərʧu ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ɪts pərˈmoʊʃən ənd groʊθ ɪz kəˈmɛndəbəl. ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən soʊ ðət ɪt meɪ pliz maɪ səkˈsɛsərz tɪ dɪˈvoʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðiz θɪŋz ənd nɑt əˈlaʊ ðɛm tɪ dɪˈklaɪn., kɪŋ, həz hæd ðɪs ˈrɪtən twɛlv jɪrz ˈæftər hɪz ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən. 5, kɪŋ, spiks tɪ du gʊd ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt. wən hu dɪz gʊd fərst dɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ hɑrd tɪ du. aɪ hæv dən ˈmɛni gʊd didz, ənd, ɪf maɪ sənz, ˈgrændˌsənz ənd ðɛr dɪˈsɛnɪnts əp tɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə wərld ækt ɪn laɪk ˈmænər, ðeɪ tu wɪl du məʧ gʊd. bət huˈɛvər əˈməŋst ðɛm nɪˈglɛkts ðɪs, ðeɪ wɪl du ˈivəl. ˈtruli, ɪt ɪz ˈizi tɪ du ɪn ðə pæst ðɛr wər noʊ bət səʧ ˈɔfɪsərz wər əˈpɔɪntɪd baɪ mi ˈθərˈtin jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən. naʊ ðeɪ wərk əˈməŋ ɔl riˈlɪʤənz fər ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv, fər ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv, ənd fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs əv ɔl hu ər dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ. ðeɪ wərk əˈməŋ ðə griks, ðə kambojas*, ðə gandharas*, ðə rastrikas*, ðə ənd ˈəðər ˈpipəlz ɔn ðə ˈwɛstərn ðeɪ wərk əˈməŋ ˈsoʊlʤərz, ʧifs,, ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz, ðə pur, ðə ˈeɪʤɪd ənd ðoʊz dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ fər ðɛr ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs soʊ ðət ðeɪ meɪ bi fri frəm hərˈæsmənt. ðeɪ) wərk fər ðə ˈprɑpər ˈtritmənt əv ˈprɪzənərz, təˈwɔrdz ðɛr unfettering*, ənd ɪf ðə θɪŋk, "ðɪs wən həz ə ˈfæməli tɪ səˈpɔrt," "ðət wən həz bɪn bɪˈwɪʧt," "ðɪs wən ɪz oʊld," ðɛn ðeɪ wərk fər ðə riˈlis əv səʧ ˈprɪzənərz. ðeɪ wərk hir, ɪn ˈaʊˌtlaɪɪŋ taʊnz, ɪn ðə ˈwɪmənz kˈwɔrtərz bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ maɪ ˈbrəðərz ənd ˈsɪstərz, ənd əˈməŋ maɪ ˈəðər ˈrɛlətɪvz. ðeɪ ər ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ˈɛvriˌwɛr. ðiz ər ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd ɪn maɪ doʊˈmeɪn əˈməŋ ˈpipəl dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ tɪ dɪˈtərmən hu ɪz dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ, hu ɪz ɪˈstæblɪʃt ɪn, ənd hu ɪz ˈʤɛnərəs. ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən ɔn stoʊn soʊ ðət ɪt maɪt ɪnˈdʊr lɔŋ ənd ðət maɪ dɪˈsɛnɪnts maɪt ækt ɪn kənˈfɔrməti wɪθ ɪt. 6, kɪŋ, spiks ɪn ðə pæst, steɪt ˈbɪznɪs wɑz nɑt trænˈzæktɪd nɔr wər rɪˈpɔrts dɪˈlɪvərd tɪ ðə kɪŋ æt ɔl aʊərz. bət naʊ aɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn ðɪs ˈɔrdər, ðət æt ˈɛni taɪm, ˈwɛðər aɪ æm ˈitɪŋ, ɪn ðə ˈwɪmənz kˈwɔrtərz, ðə bɛd ˈʧeɪmbər, ðə ˈʧɛriət, ðə palanquin*, ɪn ðə pɑrk ər wɛˈrɛvər, rɪˈpɔrtərz ər tɪ bi ˈpoʊstɪd wɪθ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz tɪ rɪˈpɔrt tɪ mi ðə əˈfɛrz əv ðə ˈpipəl soʊ ðət aɪ maɪt əˈtɛnd tɪ ðiz əˈfɛrz wɛˈrɛvər aɪ æm. ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər aɪ ˈɔrəli ˈɔrdər ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ doʊˈneɪʃənz ər ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz, ər wɪn ˈərʤənt ˈbɪznɪs ˈprɛsɪz ˌɪtˈsɛlf ɔn ðə, ɪf dɪsəˈgrimənt ər dəˈbeɪt ərˈaɪzɪz ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnsəl, ðɛn ɪt məst bi ˌriˈpɔrtəd tɪ mi ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli. ðɪs ɪz wət aɪ hæv ˈɔrdərd. aɪ æm ˈnɛvər ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ ɪgˈzərtɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ər wɪθ ˈbɪznɪs. ˈtruli, aɪ kənˈsɪdər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ɔl tɪ bi maɪ ˈduti, ənd ðə rut əv ðɪs ɪz ɪgˈzərʃən ənd ðə prɑmpt əv ˈbɪznɪs. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈbɛtər wərk ðən prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ɔl ðə ˈpipəl ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈɛfərts aɪ æm ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪz tɪ riˈpeɪ ðə dɛt aɪ oʊ tɪ ɔl biɪŋz tɪ əˈʃʊr ðɛr ˈhæpinəs ɪn ðɪs laɪf, ənd əˈteɪn ˈhɛvən ɪn ðə nɛkst. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən tɪ læst lɔŋ ənd ðət maɪ sənz, ˈgrændˌsənz ənd maɪt ækt ɪn kənˈfɔrməti wɪθ ɪt fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ðə wərld. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðɪs ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ du wɪˈθaʊt greɪt ɪgˈzərʃən. 7, kɪŋ, dɪˈzaɪərz ðət ɔl riˈlɪʤənz ʃʊd rɪˈzaɪd ˈɛvriˌwɛr, fər ɔl əv ðɛm dɪˈzaɪər ˌsɛlfkənˈtroʊl ənd ˈpjʊrɪti əv bət ˈpipəl hæv ˈvɛriəs dɪˈzaɪərz ənd ˈvɛriəs ˈpæʃənz, ənd ðeɪ meɪ ˈpræktɪs ɔl əv wət ðeɪ ʃʊd ər ˈoʊnli ə pɑrt əv ɪt. bət wən hu rɪˈsivz greɪt gɪfts jɛt ɪz ˈlækɪŋ ɪn ˌsɛlfkənˈtroʊl, ˈpjʊrɪti əv hɑrt, ˈgrætəˌtud ənd fərm dɪˈvoʊʃən, səʧ ə ˈpərsən ɪz min. 8 ɪn ðə pæst kɪŋz juzd tɪ goʊ aʊt ɔn ˈplɛʒər tʊrz ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪʧ ðɛr wɑz ˈhəntɪŋ ənd ˈəðər bət tɛn jɪrz ˈæftər hæd bɪn coronated*, hi wɛnt ɔn ə tʊr tɪ ənd ðəs ˈɪnstɪˌtutɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðiz tʊrz, ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ θɪŋz tʊk pleɪs: ˈvɪzɪts ənd gɪfts tɪ ənd, ˈvɪzɪts ənd gɪfts əv goʊld tɪ ðə ˈeɪʤɪd, ˈvɪzɪts tɪ ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈkəntriˌsaɪd, ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ðɛm ɪn, ənd dɪˈskəsɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm ɛz ɪz ˈsutəbəl. ɪt ɪz ðɪs ðət dɪˈlaɪts, kɪŋ, ənd ɪz, ɛz ɪt wər, əˈnəðər taɪp əv ˈrɛvəˌnu. 9, kɪŋ, spiks ɪn taɪmz əv ˈsɪknəs, fər ðə ˈmɛrɪʤ əv sənz ənd ˈdɔtərz, æt ðə bərθ əv ˈʧɪldrən, ˌbiˈfɔr ɛmˈbɑrkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈʤərni, ɔn ðiz ənd ˈəðər ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ˈpipəl pərˈfɔrm ˈvɛriəs ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz. ˈwɪmən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr pərˈfɔrm ˈmɛni ˈvəlgər ənd ˈwərθləs ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz. ðiz taɪps əv ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz kən bi pərˈfɔrmd baɪ ɔl minz, bət ðeɪ bɛr ˈlɪtəl frut. wət dɪz bɛr greɪt frut, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ɪz ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni əv ðə. ðɪs ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈprɑpər bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrdz ˈsərvənts ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz, rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈtiʧərz, rɪˈstreɪnt təˈwɔrdz ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz, ənd ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti təˈwɔrdz ənd. ðiz ənd ˈəðər θɪŋz ˈkɑnstəˌtut ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni əv ðə. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ə ˈfɑðər, ə sən, ə ˈbrəðər, ə ˈmæstər, ə frɛnd, ə kəmˈpænjən, ənd ˈivɪn ə ˈneɪbər ʃʊd seɪ: "ðɪs ɪz gʊd, ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni ðət ʃʊd bi pərˈfɔrmd ənˈtɪl ɪts ˈpərpəs ɪz fʊlˈfɪld, ðɪs aɪ ʃæl ˈəðər ˈsɛrəˌmoʊniz ər əv ˈdaʊtfəl frut, fər ðeɪ meɪ əˈʧiv ðɛr ˈpərpəs, ər ðeɪ meɪ nɑt, ənd ˈivɪn ɪf ðeɪ du, ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli ɪn ðɪs wərld. bət ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni əv ðə ɪz ˈtaɪmləs. ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt dɪz nɑt əˈʧiv ɪts ˈpərpəs ɪn ðɪs wərld, ɪt prəˈdusɪz greɪt ˈmɛrət ɪn ðə nɛkst, wɛˈræz ɪf ɪt dɪz əˈʧiv ɪts ˈpərpəs ɪn ðɪs wərld, wən gɪts greɪt ˈmɛrət boʊθ hir ənd ðɛr θru ðə ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni əv ðə. 10, kɪŋ, dɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdər ˈglɔri ənd feɪm tɪ bi əv greɪt əˈkaʊnt ənˈlɛs ðeɪ ər əˈʧivd θru ˈhævɪŋ maɪ ˈsəbʤɪkts rɪˈspɛkt ənd ˈpræktɪs, boʊθ naʊ ənd ɪn ðə fər ðɪs əˈloʊn dɪz, kɪŋ, dɪˈzaɪər ˈglɔri ənd feɪm. ənd ˌwəˈtɛvər ˈɛfərts, kɪŋ, ɪz ˈmeɪkɪŋ, ɔl əv ðət ɪz ˈoʊnli fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr əv ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðə nɛkst wərld, ənd ðət ðeɪ wɪl hæv ˈlɪtəl ˈivəl. ənd biɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt ˈmɛrət ɪz ˈivəl. ðɪs ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ˈiðər ə ˈhəmbəl ˈpərsən ər ə greɪt ˈpərsən tɪ du ɪkˈsɛpt wɪθ greɪt ˈɛfərt, ənd baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ əp ˈəðər ˈɪntərɪsts. ɪn fækt, ɪt meɪ bi ˈivɪn mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt fər ə greɪt ˈpərsən tɪ du. 11, kɪŋ, spiks ðɛr ɪz noʊ gɪft laɪk ðə gɪft əv ðə (noʊ əkˈweɪntəns laɪk) əkˈweɪntəns wɪθ, (noʊ ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən laɪk) ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv, ənd (noʊ ˈkɪnˌʃɪp laɪk) ˈkɪnˌʃɪp θru. ənd ɪt kənˈsɪsts əv ðɪs: ˈprɑpər bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrdz ˈsərvənts ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz, rɪˈspɛkt fər ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər, ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti tɪ frɛndz, kəmˈpænjənz, riˈleɪʃənz, ənd, ənd nɑt ˈkɪlɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ə ˈfɑðər, ə sən, ə ˈbrəðər, ə ˈmæstər, ə frɛnd, ə kəmˈpænjən ər ə ˈneɪbər ʃʊd seɪ: "ðɪs ɪz gʊd, ðɪs ʃʊd bi dən." wən ˈbɛnəfɪts ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd geɪnz greɪt ˈmɛrət ɪn ðə nɛkst baɪ ˈgɪvɪŋ ðə gɪft əv ðə. 12, kɪŋ, ˈɑnərz boʊθ ənd ðə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz əv ɔl riˈlɪʤənz, ənd hi ˈɑnərz ðɛm wɪθ gɪfts ənd ˈɑnərz əv ˈvɛriəs bət, kɪŋ, dɪz nɑt ˈvælju gɪfts ənd ˈɑnərz ɛz məʧ ɛz hi ˈvæljuz ðɪs ðət ðɛr ʃʊd bi groʊθ ɪn ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəlz əv ɔl groʊθ ɪn ɛˈsɛnʃəlz kən bi dən ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz, bət ɔl əv ðɛm hæv ɛz ðɛr rut rɪˈstreɪnt ɪn spiʧ, ðət ɪz, nɑt ˈpreɪzɪŋ wənz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən, ər kənˈdɛmɪŋ ðə rɪˈlɪʤən əv ˈəðərz wɪˈθaʊt gʊd kɔz. ənd ɪf ðɛr ɪz kɔz fər ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm, ɪt ʃʊd bi dən ɪn ə maɪld weɪ. bət ɪt ɪz ˈbɛtər tɪ ˈɑnər ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz fər ðɪs ˈrizən. baɪ soʊ duɪŋ, wənz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən ˈbɛnəfɪts, ənd soʊ du ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz, waɪl duɪŋ ˈəðərˌwaɪz hɑrmz wənz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən ənd ðə riˈlɪʤənz əv ˈəðərz. huˈɛvər ˈpreɪzɪz hɪz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən, du tɪ ɪkˈsɛsɪv dɪˈvoʊʃən, ənd kənˈdɛmz ˈəðərz wɪθ ðə θɔt "lɛt mi ˈglɔrəˌfaɪ maɪ oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən," ˈoʊnli hɑrmz hɪz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈkɑnˌtækt (bɪtˈwin riˈlɪʤənz) ɪz wən ʃʊd ˈlɪsən tɪ ənd rɪˈspɛkt ðə ˈdɑktrənz prəˈfɛst baɪ ˈəðərz., kɪŋ, dɪˈzaɪərz ðət ɔl ʃʊd bi ɪn ðə gʊd ˈdɑktrənz əv ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz. ðoʊz hu ər ˈkɑntɛnt wɪθ ðɛr oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən ʃʊd bi toʊld ðɪs:, kɪŋ, dɪz nɑt ˈvælju gɪfts ənd ˈɑnərz ɛz məʧ ɛz hi ˈvæljuz ðət ðɛr ʃʊd bi groʊθ ɪn ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəlz əv ɔl riˈlɪʤənz. ənd tɪ ðɪs ɛnd ˈmɛni ər ˈwərkɪŋ, ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ðə ˈwɪmənz kˈwɔrtərz, ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ʧɑrʤ əv ˈaʊˌtlaɪɪŋ ˈɛriəz, ənd ˈəðər səʧ ˈɔfɪsərz. ənd ðə frut əv ðɪs ɪz ðət wənz oʊn rɪˈlɪʤən groʊz ənd ðə ɪz ˌɪˈluməˌneɪtəd ˈɔlsoʊ. 13, kɪŋ, ˈkɑŋkərd ðə eɪt jɪrz ˈæftər hɪz wən ˈhənərd ənd ˈfɪfti ˈθaʊzənd wər dɪˈpɔrtəd, wən ˈhənərd ˈθaʊzənd wər kɪld ənd ˈmɛni mɔr daɪd (frəm ˈəðər ˈkɔzɪz). ˈæftər ðə hæd bɪn ˈkɑŋkərd, keɪm tɪ fil ə strɔŋ ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən təˈwɔrdz ðə, ə ləv fər ðə ənd fər ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ɪn. naʊ filz dip rɪˈmɔrs fər ˈhævɪŋ ˈkɑŋkərd ðə. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪz ˈdipli peɪnd baɪ ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ, daɪɪŋ ənd ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən ðət teɪk pleɪs wɪn ən ˈkəntri ɪz ˈkɑŋkərd. bət ɪz peɪnd ˈivɪn mɔr baɪ ðɪs ðət,, ənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz əv ˈdɪfərənt riˈlɪʤənz hu lɪv ɪn ðoʊz ˈkəntriz, ənd hu ər rɪˈspɛktfəl tɪ suˈpɪriərz, tɪ ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər, tɪ ˈɛldərz, ənd hu bɪˈheɪv ˈprɑpərli ənd hæv strɔŋ ˈlɔɪəlti təˈwɔrdz frɛndz, əkˈweɪntənsɪz, kəmˈpænjənz, ˈrɛlətɪvz, ˈsərvənts ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz ðət ðeɪ ər ˈɪnʤərd, kɪld ər ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd frəm ðɛr ləvd wənz. ˈivɪn ðoʊz hu ər nɑt əˈfɛktɪd (baɪ ɔl ðɪs) ˈsəfər wɪn ðeɪ si frɛndz, əkˈweɪntənsɪz, kəmˈpænjənz ənd ˈrɛlətɪvz əˈfɛktɪd. ðiz mɪsˈfɔrʧənz bɪˈfɔl ɔl (ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv wɔr), ənd ðɪs peɪnz. ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈkəntri, ɪkˈsɛpt əˈməŋ ðə griks, wɛr ðiz tu grups, ənd, ər nɑt faʊnd, ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ ˈkəntri wɛr ˈpipəl ər nɑt dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ wən ər əˈnəðər ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə ˈkɪlɪŋ, dɛθ ər ˌdipɔrˈteɪʃən əv ə ˈhəndrədθ, ər ˈivɪn ə ˈθaʊzənθ pɑrt əv ðoʊz hu daɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv naʊ peɪnz. naʊ θɪŋks ðət ˈivɪn ðoʊz hu du rɔŋ ʃʊd bi fərˈgɪvən wɛr fərˈgɪvnəs ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈivɪn ðə ˈfɔrɪst ˈpipəl, hu lɪv ɪn' doʊˈmeɪn, ər ənd ˈrizənd wɪθ tɪ ækt ˈprɑpərli. ðeɪ ər toʊld ðət dɪˈspaɪt hɪz rɪˈmɔrs həz ðə paʊər tɪ ˈpənɪʃ ðɛm ɪf ˈnɛsəˌsɛri, soʊ ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi əˈʃeɪmd əv ðɛr rɔŋ ənd nɑt bi kɪld. ˈtruli, dɪˈzaɪərz non-injury*, rɪˈstreɪnt ənd ˌɪmˌpɑrʃiˈælɪti tɪ ɔl biɪŋz, ˈivɪn wɛr rɔŋ həz bɪn dən. naʊ ɪt ɪz ˈkɑŋkwɛst baɪ ðət kənˈsɪdərz tɪ bi ðə bɛst ənd ɪt (ˈkɑŋkwɛst baɪ) həz bɪn wən hir, ɔn ðə ˈbɔrdərz, ˈivɪn sɪks ˈhənərd əˈweɪ, wɛr ðə grik kɪŋ rulz, bɪɔnd ðɛr wɛr ðə fɔr kɪŋz neɪmd ˈtɑləmi,, ənd ˌælɪgˈzændər rul, ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz ɪn ðə saʊθ əˈməŋ ðə, ðə, ənd ɛz fɑr ɛz hir ɪn ðə kɪŋz doʊˈmeɪn əˈməŋ ðə griks, ðə kambojas*, ðə nabhakas*, ðə nabhapamkits*, ðə bhojas*, ðə, ðə ənd ðə palidas*, ˈɛvriˌwɛr ˈpipəl ər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ' ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɪn. ˈivɪn wɛr' ˈɛnvɔɪz hæv nɑt bɪn, ðiz ˈpipəl tu, ˈhævɪŋ hərd əv ðə ˈpræktɪs əv ənd ðə ˈɔrdənənsɪz ənd ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɪn ˈgɪvɪn baɪ, ər ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪt ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ du soʊ. ðɪs ˈkɑŋkwɛst həz bɪn wən ˈɛvriˌwɛr, ənd ɪt gɪvz greɪt ʤɔɪ ðə ʤɔɪ wɪʧ ˈoʊnli ˈkɑŋkwɛst baɪ kən gɪv. bət ˈivɪn ðɪs ʤɔɪ ɪz əv ˈlɪtəl ˈkɑnsəkwəns. kənˈsɪdərz ðə greɪt frut tɪ bi ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪn ðə nɛkst wərld tɪ bi mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. aɪ hæv hæd ðɪs ˈidɪkt ˈrɪtən soʊ ðət maɪ sənz ənd meɪ nɑt kənˈsɪdər ˈmeɪkɪŋ nu ˈkɑnkˌwɛsts, ər ðət ɪf ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈkɑnkˌwɛsts ər meɪd, ðət ðeɪ bi dən wɪθ fɔrˈbɛrəns ənd laɪt ˈpənɪʃmənt, ər ˈbɛtər stɪl, ðət ðeɪ kənˈsɪdər ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈkɑŋkwɛst baɪ ˈoʊnli, fər ðət bɛrz frut ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst. meɪ ɔl ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛns dɪˈvoʊʃən bi ˈgɪvɪn tɪ ðɪs wɪʧ həz ə rɪˈzəlt ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst. 14, kɪŋ, həz hæd ðiz ˈidɪkts ˈrɪtən ɪn brif, ɪn ˈmidiəm lɛŋθ, ənd ɪn ɪkˈstɛndɪd nɑt ɔl əv ðɛm əˈkər ˈɛvriˌwɛr, fər maɪ doʊˈmeɪn ɪz væst, bət məʧ həz bɪn ˈrɪtən, ənd aɪ wɪl hæv stɪl mɔr ˈrɪtən. ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ðɛr ər səm ˈsəbʤɪkts hir ðət hæv bɪn ˈspoʊkən əv əˈgɛn ənd əˈgɛn bɪˈkəz əv ðɛr sˈwitnəs, ənd soʊ ðət ðə ˈpipəl meɪ ækt ɪn əˈkɔrdəns wɪθ ðɛm. ɪf səm θɪŋz ˈrɪtən ər ˌɪnkəmˈplit, ðɪs ɪz bɪˈkəz əv ðə loʊˈkæləti, ər ɪn kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt, ər du tɪ ðə fɔlt əv ðə skraɪb. ðə rɑk ˈidɪkts 1 sɪz ðət ðə əv hu ər ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈɔfɪsərz ɪn ðə ˈsɪti ər tɪ bi toʊld aɪ wɪʃ tɪ si ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ kənˈsɪdər tɪ bi ˈprɑpər ɪz ˈkɛrid aʊt ɪn ðə raɪt weɪ. ənd aɪ kənˈsɪdər ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ju tɪ bi ðə bɛst weɪ əv əˈkɑmplɪʃɪŋ ðɪs. aɪ hæv pleɪst ju ˈoʊvər ˈmɛni ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl ðət ju meɪ wɪn ðə ˈpipəlz əˈfɛkʃən. ɔl mɛn ər maɪ ˈʧɪldrən. wət aɪ dɪˈzaɪər fər maɪ oʊn ˈʧɪldrən, ənd aɪ dɪˈzaɪər ðɛr ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs boʊθ ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst, ðət aɪ dɪˈzaɪər fər ɔl mɛn. ju du nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd tɪ wət ɪkˈstɛnt aɪ dɪˈzaɪər ðɪs, ənd ɪf səm əv ju du ˌəndərˈstænd, ju du nɑt ˌəndərˈstænd ðə fʊl ɪkˈstɛnt əv maɪ dɪˈzaɪər. ju məst əˈtɛnd tɪ ðɪs ˈmætər. waɪl biɪŋ kəmˈplitli law-abiding*, səm ˈpipəl ər ˌɪmˈprɪzənd, ˈtritɪd ˈhɑrʃli ənd ˈivɪn kɪld wɪˈθaʊt kɔz soʊ ðət ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ˈsəfər. ˈðɛrˌfɔr jʊr eɪm ʃʊd bi tɪ ækt wɪθ ˌɪmˌpɑrʃiˈælɪti. ɪt ɪz bɪˈkəz əv ðiz θɪŋz ˈɛnvi, ˈæŋgər, ˈkruəlti, heɪt, ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns, ˈleɪzinəs ər ˈtaɪərdnɪs ðət səʧ ə θɪŋ dɪz nɑt ˈhæpən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr jʊr eɪm ʃʊd bi: "meɪ ðiz θɪŋz nɑt bi ɪn mi." ənd ðə rut əv ðɪs ɪz ənd ˈpeɪʃəns. ðoʊz hu ər bɔrd wɪθ ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs wɪl nɑt bi prəˈmoʊtəd; (ðoʊz hu ər nɑt) wɪl muv ˈəpwərdz ənd bi prəˈmoʊtəd. huˈɛvər əˈməŋ ju ˌəndərˈstændz ðɪs ʃʊd seɪ tɪ hɪz ˈkɑligz: "si ðət ju du jʊr ˈduti ˈprɑpərli. səʧ ənd səʧ ər' ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz." greɪt frut wɪl rɪˈzəlt frəm duɪŋ jʊr ˈduti, waɪl ˈfeɪlɪŋ ɪn ɪt wɪl rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈgeɪnɪŋ ˈniðər ˈhɛvən nɔr ðə kɪŋz ˈplɛʒər. ˈfeɪljər ɪn ˈduti ɔn jʊr pɑrt wɪl nɑt pliz mi. bət dən ˈprɑpərli, ɪt wɪl wɪn ju ˈhɛvən ənd ju wɪl bi ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤɪŋ jʊr dɛts tɪ mi. ðɪs ˈidɪkt ɪz tɪ bi ˈlɪsənd tɪ ɔn deɪ, bɪtˈwin deɪz, ənd ɔn ˈəðər ˈsutəbəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈlɪsənd tɪ ˈivɪn baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpərsən. ˈæktɪŋ ðəs, ju wɪl bi duɪŋ jʊr ˈduti. ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən fər ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈpərpəs: ðət ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈɔfɪsərz əv ðə ˈsɪti meɪ straɪv tɪ du ðɛr ˈduti ənd ðət ðə ˈpipəl ˈəndər ðɛm maɪt nɑt ˈsəfər ənˈʤəst ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt ər hɑrʃ ˈtritmənt. tɪ əˈʧiv ðɪs, aɪ wɪl sɛnd aʊt ˈɛvəri faɪv jɪrz hu ər nɑt hɑrʃ ər kruəl, bət hu ər ˈmərsɪfəl ənd hu kən ˌæsərˈteɪn ɪf ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈɔfɪsərz hæv ˌəndərˈstʊd maɪ ˈpərpəs ənd ər ˈæktɪŋ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ maɪ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. ˈsɪmələrli, frəm ujjayini*, ðə prɪns wɪl sɛnd ˈsɪmələr ˈpərsənz wɪθ ðə seɪm ˈpərpəs wɪˈθaʊt əˈlaʊɪŋ θri jɪrz tɪ ɪˈlæps. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz frəm ˈɔlsoʊ. wɪn ðiz goʊ ɔn tʊrz əv ˌɪnˈspɛkʃən iʧ jɪr, ðɛn wɪˈθaʊt nɪˈglɛktɪŋ ðɛr ˈnɔrməl ˈdutiz, ðeɪ wɪl ˌæsərˈteɪn ɪf ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˈæktɪŋ əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə kɪŋz ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz. 2 spiks ðɪs rɔɪəl ˈɔrdər ɪz tɪ bi əˈdrɛst tɪ ðə æt samapa*. aɪ wɪʃ tɪ si ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ kənˈsɪdər tɪ bi ˈprɑpər ɪz ˈkɛrid aʊt ɪn ðə raɪt weɪ. ənd aɪ kənˈsɪdər ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ju tɪ bi ðə bɛst weɪ əv əˈkɑmplɪʃɪŋ ðɪs. ɔl mɛn ər maɪ ˈʧɪldrən. wət aɪ dɪˈzaɪər fər maɪ oʊn ˈʧɪldrən, ənd aɪ dɪˈzaɪər ðɛr ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs boʊθ ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst, ðət aɪ dɪˈzaɪər fər ɔl ðə ˈpipəl əv ðə ˈtɛrəˌtɔriz bɪɔnd ðə ˈbɔrdərz maɪt θɪŋk: "wət ɪz ðə kɪŋz ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz təˈwɔrdz ˈjuˈɛs?" maɪ ˈoʊnli ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən ɪz ðət ðeɪ lɪv wɪˈθaʊt fɪr əv mi, ðət ðeɪ meɪ trəst mi ənd ðət aɪ meɪ gɪv ðɛm ˈhæpinəs, nɑt ˈsɑroʊ. ˈfərðərˌmɔr, ðeɪ ʃʊd ˌəndərˈstænd ðət ðə kɪŋ wɪl fərˈgɪv ðoʊz hu kən bi fərˈgɪvən, ənd ðət hi ˈwɪʃɪz tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ðɛm tɪ ˈpræktɪs soʊ ðət ðeɪ meɪ əˈteɪn ˈhæpinəs ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst. aɪ æm ˈtɛlɪŋ ju ðɪs soʊ ðət aɪ meɪ ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ ðə dɛts aɪ oʊ, ənd ðət ɪn ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ju, ðət ju meɪ noʊ ðət maɪ vaʊ ənd maɪ ˈprɑməs wɪl nɑt bi ˈbroʊkən. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈæktɪŋ ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ju ʃʊd pərˈfɔrm jʊr ˈdutiz ənd əˈʃʊr ðɛm (ðə ˈpipəl bɪɔnd ðə ˈbɔrdərz) ðət: "ðə kɪŋ ɪz laɪk ə ˈfɑðər. hi filz təˈwɔrdz ˈjuˈɛs ɛz hi filz təˈwɔrdz hɪmˈsɛlf. wi ər tɪ ɪm laɪk hɪz oʊn ˈʧɪldrən." baɪ ˌɪnˈstrəktɪŋ ju ənd ˌɪnˈfɔrmɪŋ ju əv maɪ vaʊ ənd maɪ ˈprɑməs aɪ ʃæl bi əˈplaɪɪŋ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn kəmˈplit ˈfʊlnəs tɪ əˈʧivɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt. ju ər ˈeɪbəl ˌɪnˈdid tɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪr ðɛm wɪθ ˈkɑnfədɛns ənd tɪ sɪˈkjʊr ðɛr ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst, ənd baɪ ˈæktɪŋ ðəs, ju wɪl əˈteɪn ˈhɛvən ɛz wɛl ɛz ˈdɪsˌʧɑrʤ ðə dɛts ju oʊ tɪ mi. ənd soʊ ðət ðə kən dɪˈvoʊt ðɛmˈsɛlvz æt ɔl taɪmz tɪ ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ðə ˈbɔrdər ˈɛriəz wɪθ ˈkɑnfədɛns ənd ɪnˈkərəʤɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ˈpræktɪs, ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən hir. ðɪs ˈidɪkt ɪz tɪ bi ˈlɪsənd tɪ ˈɛvəri fɔr mənθs ɔn deɪ, bɪtˈwin deɪz, ənd ɔn ˈəðər ˈsutəbəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz, ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈlɪsənd tɪ ˈivɪn baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈpərsən. ˈæktɪŋ ðəs, ju wɪl bi duɪŋ jʊr ˈduti. ˈmaɪnər rɑk ˈidɪkts 1 spiks ɪt ɪz naʊ mɔr ðən tu ənd ə hæf jɪrz sɪns aɪ bɪˈkeɪm ə, bət ənˈtɪl naʊ aɪ hæv nɑt bɪn ˈvɛri bət naʊ ðət aɪ hæv ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə fər mɔr ðən ə jɪr, aɪ hæv bɪˈkəm ˈvɛri ˈzɛləs. naʊ ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ˈɪndiə hu hæv nɑt əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə gɑdz du soʊ. ðɪs ɪz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv zil ənd ɪt ɪz nɑt ʤɪst ðə greɪt hu kən du ðɪs. ˈivɪn ðə ˈhəmbəl, ɪf ðeɪ ər ˈzɛləs, kən əˈteɪn ˈhɛvən. ənd ðɪs ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃən həz bɪn meɪd wɪθ ðɪs eɪm. lɛt boʊθ ˈhəmbəl ənd greɪt bi ˈzɛləs, lɛt ˈivɪn ðoʊz ɔn ðə ˈbɔrdərz noʊ ənd lɛt zil læst lɔŋ. ðɛn ðɪs zil wɪl ˌɪnˈkris, ɪt wɪl ˈgreɪtli ˌɪnˈkris, ɪt wɪl ˌɪnˈkris əp tɪ taɪmz. ðɪs ˈmɛsɪʤ həz bɪn proʊˈkleɪmd tu ˈhənərd ənd taɪmz baɪ ðə kɪŋ waɪl ɔn tʊr. 2 spiks ˈfɑðər ənd ˈməðər ʃʊd bi rɪˈspɛktɪd ənd soʊ ʃʊd ˈɛldərz, ˈkaɪndnəs tɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz ʃʊd bi meɪd strɔŋ ənd ðə truθ ʃʊd bi ˈspoʊkən. ɪn ðiz weɪz, ðə ʃʊd bi prəˈmoʊtəd. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ə ˈtiʧər ʃʊd bi ˈɑnərd baɪ hɪz ˈpjupəl ənd ˈprɑpər ˈmænərz ʃʊd bi ʃoʊn təˈwɔrdz riˈleɪʃənz. ðɪs ɪz ən ˈeɪnʧənt rul ðət tɪ lɔŋ laɪf. ðəs ʃʊd wən ækt. ˈrɪtən baɪ ðə skraɪb chapala*. 3, kɪŋ əv magadha*, səˈlutɪŋ ðə ənd ˈwɪʃɪŋ ðɛm gʊd hɛlθ ənd ˈhæpinəs, spiks ju noʊ, ˈrɛvərənd sərrz, haʊ greɪt maɪ feɪθ ɪn ðə ˈbudə, ðə ənd ɪz. ˌwəˈtɛvər, ˈrɛvərənd sərrz, həz bɪn ˈspoʊkən baɪ lɔrd ˈbudə, ɔl ðət ɪz aɪ kənˈsɪdər ɪt ˈprɑpər, ˈrɛvərənd sərrz, tɪ ədˈvaɪz ɔn haʊ ðə gʊd ʃʊd læst lɔŋ. ðiz tɛksts ˈɛkˌstrækts frəm ðə ˈdɪsəplən, ðə ˈnoʊbəl weɪ əv laɪf, ðə fɪrz tɪ kəm, ðə poʊəm ɔn ðə ˈsaɪlənt seɪʤ, ðə ˈdɪskɔrs ɔn ðə pjʊr laɪf, kˈwɛsʧənz, ənd ðə ədˈvaɪs tɪ wɪʧ wɑz ˈspoʊkən baɪ ðə ˈbudə kənˈsərnɪŋ fɔls spiʧ ðiz tɛksts, ˈrɛvərənd sərrz, aɪ dɪˈzaɪər ðət ɔl ðə məŋks ənd nənz meɪ ˈkɑnstəntli ˈlɪsən tɪ ənd ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz ðə ˈleɪmən ənd laywomen*. aɪ hæv hæd ðɪs ˈrɪtən ðət ju meɪ noʊ maɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧənz. ðə ˈsɛvən ˈpɪlər ˈidɪkts 1 spiks ðɪs ˈidɪkt wɑz ˈrɪtən jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən. ˈhæpinəs ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ əbˈteɪn wɪˈθaʊt məʧ ləv fər ðə, məʧ, məʧ rɪˈspɛkt, məʧ fɪr (əv ˈivəl), ənd məʧ ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm. bət θru maɪ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ðɪs rɪˈgɑrd fər ənd ləv əv həz groʊn deɪ baɪ deɪ, ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ groʊ. ənd maɪ ˈɔfɪsərz əv haɪ, loʊ ənd ˈmɪdəl ræŋk ər ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ənd kənˈfɔrmɪŋ tɪ, ənd ər ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˌɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ ˈəðərz tɪ du ðə seɪm. ɪn ˈbɔrdər ˈɛriəz ər duɪŋ ðə seɪm. ənd ðiz ər maɪ ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz: tɪ prəˈtɛkt wɪθ, tɪ meɪk ˈhæpinəs θru ənd tɪ gɑrd wɪθ. 2, kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: ɪz gʊd, bət wət ˈkɑnstəˌtuts? (ɪt ˌɪnˈkludz) ˈlɪtəl ˈivəl, məʧ gʊd, ˈkaɪndnəs, ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti, ˈtruθfəlnəs ənd ˈpjʊrɪti. aɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn ðə gɪft əv saɪt ɪn ˈvɛriəs tɪ ənd biɪŋz, tɪ bərdz ənd əkˈwɑtɪk ˈænəməlz, aɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn ˈvɛriəs θɪŋz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə gɪft əv laɪf. ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðər gʊd didz hæv bɪn dən baɪ mi. ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən ðət ˈpipəl maɪt ˈfɑloʊ ɪt ənd ɪt maɪt ɪnˈdʊr fər ə lɔŋ taɪm. ənd ðə wən hu ˈfɑloʊz ɪt ˈprɑpərli wɪl du ˈsəmθɪŋ gʊd. 3, kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: ˈpipəl si ˈoʊnli ðɛr gʊd didz seɪɪŋ, "aɪ hæv dən ðɪs gʊd did." bət ðeɪ du nɑt si ðɛr ˈivəl didz seɪɪŋ, "aɪ hæv dən ðɪs ˈivəl did" ər "ðɪs ɪz kɔld ˈivəl." bət ðɪs (ˈtɛndənsi) ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tɪ wən ʃʊd θɪŋk laɪk ðɪs: "ɪt ɪz ðiz θɪŋz ðət lɛd tɪ ˈivəl, tɪ ˈvaɪələns, tɪ ˈkruəlti, ˈæŋgər, praɪd ənd ˈʤɛləsi. lɛt mi nɑt ruɪn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪθ ðiz θɪŋz." ənd ˈfərðər, wən ʃʊd θɪŋk: "ðɪs lidz tɪ ˈhæpinəs ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst." 4 spiks ðəs: ðɪs ˈidɪkt wɑz ˈrɪtən jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən. maɪ ər ˈwərkɪŋ əˈməŋ ðə ˈpipəl, əˈməŋ ˈmɛni ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl. ðə ˈhirɪŋ əv pəˈtɪʃənz ənd ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs həz bɪn lɛft tɪ ðɛm soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən du ðɛr ˈdutiz ˈkɑnfədəntli ənd ənd soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən wərk fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr, ˈhæpinəs ənd ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. bət ðeɪ ʃʊd rɪˈmɛmbər wət ˈkɔzɪz ˈhæpinəs ənd ˈsɑroʊ, ənd biɪŋ ðɛmˈsɛlvz dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ, ðeɪ ʃʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈkəntri (tɪ du ðə seɪm), ðət ðeɪ meɪ əˈteɪn ˈhæpinəs ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst. ðiz ər ˈigər tɪ sərv mi. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ oʊˈbeɪ ˈəðər ˈɔfɪsərz hu noʊ maɪ dɪˈzaɪərz, hu ˌɪnˈstrəkt ðə soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən pliz mi. ʤɪst ɛz ə ˈpərsən filz ˈkɑnfədənt ˈhævɪŋ ɛnˈtrəstɪd hɪz ʧaɪld tɪ ən ˈɛkspərt nərs ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: "ðə nərs wɪl kip maɪ ʧaɪld wɛl," ˈivɪn soʊ, ðə hæv bɪn əˈpɔɪntɪd baɪ mi fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs əv ðə ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈkəntri. ðə ˈhirɪŋ əv pəˈtɪʃənz ənd ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈʤəstɪs hæv bɪn lɛft tɪ ðə soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən du ðɛr ˈdutiz ˌənpərˈtərbd, ənd ˈkɑnfədəntli. ɪt ɪz maɪ dɪˈzaɪər ðət ðɛr ʃʊd bi ˌjunəˈfɔrməti ɪn lɔ ənd ˌjunəˈfɔrməti ɪn ˈsɛntənsɪŋ. aɪ ˈivɪn goʊ ðɪs fɑr, tɪ grænt ə steɪ fər ðoʊz ɪn ˈprɪzən hu hæv bɪn traɪd ənd ˈsɛntənst tɪ dɛθ. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs taɪm ðɛr ˈrɛlətɪvz kən meɪk əˈpilz tɪ hæv ðə ˈprɪzənərz' lɪvz spɛrd. ɪf ðɛr ɪz nən tɪ əˈpil ɔn ðɛr bɪˈhæf, ðə ˈprɪzənərz kən gɪv gɪfts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ meɪk ˈmɛrət fər ðə nɛkst wərld, ər əbˈzərv fæsts. ˌɪnˈdid, ɪt ɪz maɪ wɪʃ ðət ɪn ðɪs weɪ, ˈivɪn ɪf ə ˈprɪzənərz taɪm ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd, hi kən priˈpɛr fər ðə nɛkst wərld, ənd ðət ˈpipəlz ˈpræktɪs, ˌsɛlfkənˈtroʊl ənd ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti meɪ groʊ. 5, kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən ˈvɛriəs ˈænəməlz wər dɪˈklɛrd tɪ bi prəˈtɛktɪd ˈpɛrəts, mainas*, aruna*, ˈrədi gis, waɪld dəks, nandimukhas*, gelatas*, bæts, kwin ænts, terrapins*, ˈboʊnləs fɪʃ, vedareyaka*, gangapuputaka*, fɪʃ, ˈtɔrtəsəz, ˈpɔrkjəˌpaɪnz, skwərəlz, dɪr, bʊlz, okapinda*, waɪld ˈæsəz, waɪld ˈpɪʤənz, dəˈmɛstɪk ˈpɪʤənz ənd ɔl ˈkriʧərz ðət ər ˈniðər ˈjusfəl nɔr ðoʊz ˈnæni goʊts, juz ənd soʊz wɪʧ ər wɪθ jəŋ ər ˈgɪvɪŋ mɪlk tɪ ðɛr jəŋ ər prəˈtɛktɪd, ənd soʊ ər jəŋ wənz lɛs ðən sɪks mənθs oʊld. kɑks ər nɑt tɪ bi caponized*, həsks ˈhaɪdɪŋ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz ər nɑt tɪ bi bərnt ənd ˈfɔrəsts ər nɑt tɪ bi bərnt ˈiðər wɪˈθaʊt ˈrizən ər tɪ kɪl ˈkriʧərz. wən ˈænəməl ɪz nɑt tɪ bi fɛd tɪ əˈnəðər. ɔn ðə θri, ðə θri deɪz əv ənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌfɔrˈtinθ ənd fɪfˈtinθ əv ðə uposatha*, fɪʃ ər prəˈtɛktɪd ənd nɑt tɪ bi soʊld. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðiz deɪz ˈænəməlz ər nɑt tɪ bi kɪld ɪn ðə ˈɛləfənt rɪˈzərvz ər ðə fɪʃ rɪˈzərvz ˈiðər. ɔn ðə eɪθ əv ˈɛvəri ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt, ɔn ðə ˌfɔrˈtinθ ənd fɪfˈtinθ, ɔn, punarvasu*, ðə θri ənd ˈəðər ɑˈspɪʃəs deɪz, bʊlz ər nɑt tɪ bi ˈkæˌstreɪtɪd, ˈbɪli goʊts, ræmz, ənd ˈəðər ˈænəməlz ðət ər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈkæˌstreɪtɪd ər nɑt tɪ bi. ɔn, punarvasu*, ənd ðə ˈfɔrtˌnaɪt əv, ˈhɔrsɪz ənd ˈbʊləks ər nɑt bi ˈbrændɪd. ɪn ðə jɪrz sɪns maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən ˈprɪzənərz hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ˈæmnəsti ɔn tˈwɛntiˌfaɪv ɔˈkeɪʒənz. 6 spiks ðəs: twɛlv jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ hæv ˈidɪkts ˈrɪtən fər ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs əv ðə ˈpipəl, ənd soʊ ðət nɑt trænzˈgrɛsɪŋ ðɛm ðeɪ maɪt groʊ ɪn ðə. ˈθɪŋkɪŋ: "haʊ kən ðə ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈhæpinəs əv ðə ˈpipəl bi sɪˈkjʊrd?" aɪ gɪv əˈtɛnʃən tɪ maɪ ˈrɛlətɪvz, tɪ ðoʊz dˈwɛlɪŋ nɪr ənd ðoʊz dˈwɛlɪŋ fɑr, soʊ aɪ kən lɛd ðɛm tɪ ˈhæpinəs ənd ðɛn aɪ ækt əˈkɔrdɪŋli. aɪ du ðə seɪm fər ɔl grups. aɪ hæv ˈɑnərd ɔl riˈlɪʤənz wɪθ ˈvɛriəs ˈɑnərz. bət aɪ kənˈsɪdər ɪt bɛst tɪ mit wɪθ ˈpipəl ˈpərsənəli. ðɪs ˈidɪkt wɑz ˈrɪtən jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən. 7 spiks ðəs: ɪn ðə pæst kɪŋz dɪˈzaɪərd ðət ðə ˈpipəl maɪt groʊ θru ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ðə. bət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, ˈpipəl dɪd nɑt groʊ θru ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ðə., kɪŋ, sɛd kənˈsərnɪŋ ðɪs: "ɪt əˈkərz tɪ mi ðət ɪn ðə pæst kɪŋz dɪˈzaɪərd ðət ðə ˈpipəl maɪt groʊ θru ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ðə. bət dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, ˈpipəl dɪd nɑt groʊ θru ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ðə. naʊ haʊ kən ðə ˈpipəl bi ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ ˈfɑloʊ ɪt? haʊ kən ðə ˈpipəl bi ɪnˈkərəʤd tɪ groʊ θru ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ðə? haʊ kən aɪ ˈɛləˌveɪt ðɛm baɪ prəˈmoʊtɪŋ ðə?", kɪŋ, ˈfərðər sɛd kənˈsərnɪŋ ðɪs: "ɪt əˈkərz tɪ mi ðət aɪ ʃæl hæv ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz ɔn əˈnaʊnst ənd ˌɪnˈstrəkʃən ɔn ˈgɪvɪn. wɪn ˈpipəl hir ðiz, ðeɪ wɪl ˈfɑloʊ ðɛm, ˈɛləˌveɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ənd groʊ kənˈsɪdərəbli θru ðə pərˈmoʊʃən əv ðə." ɪt ɪz fər ðɪs ˈpərpəs ðət ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz ɔn hæv bɪn əˈnaʊnst ənd ˈvɛriəs ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz ɔn hæv bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ənd ðət ˈɔfɪsərz hu wərk əˈməŋ ˈmɛni prəˈmoʊt ənd ɪkˈspleɪn ðɛm ɪn ˈditeɪl. ðə hu wərk əˈməŋ ˈhənərdz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈpipəl hæv ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz bɪn ˈɔrdərd: "ɪn ðɪs weɪ ənd ðət ɪnˈkərəʤ ðoʊz hu ər dɪˈvoʊtɪd tɪ." spiks ðəs: "ˈhævɪŋ ðɪs ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn vju, aɪ hæv sɛt əp ˈpɪlərz, əˈpɔɪntɪd, ənd əˈnaʊnst ˌprɑkləˈmeɪʃənz.", kɪŋ, sɪz: əˈlɔŋ roʊdz aɪ hæv hæd ˈbænjən triz ˈplænɪd soʊ ðət ðeɪ kən gɪv ʃeɪd tɪ ˈænəməlz ənd mɛn, ənd aɪ hæv hæd ˈmæŋgoʊ groʊvz ˈplænɪd. æt ˈɪntərvəlz əv eɪt krosas*, aɪ hæv hæd wɛlz dəg, bɪlt, ənd ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˈpleɪsɪz, aɪ hæv hæd meɪd fər ðə juz əv ˈænəməlz ənd mɛn. bət ðiz ər bət ˈmaɪnər əˈʧivmənts. səʧ θɪŋz tɪ meɪk ðə ˈpipəl ˈhæpi hæv bɪn dən baɪ ˈfɔrmər kɪŋz. aɪ hæv dən ðiz θɪŋz fər ðɪs ˈpərpəs, ðət ðə ˈpipəl maɪt ˈpræktɪs ðə., kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: maɪ tu ər ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ˈvɛriəs gʊd wərks əˈməŋ ðə ənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊldərz əv ɔl riˈlɪʤənz. aɪ hæv ˈɔrdərd ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ðə əˈfɛrz əv ðə. aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔrdərd ðət ðeɪ ʃʊd bi ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ðə əˈfɛrz əv ðə ənd ðə. aɪ hæv ˈɔrdərd ðət ðeɪ bi ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ðə ɪn fækt, aɪ hæv ˈɔrdərd ðət ˈdɪfərənt bi ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ðə ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr əˈfɛrz əv ɔl ˈdɪfərənt riˈlɪʤənz. ənd maɪ ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz ər ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ðiz ənd ˈəðər riˈlɪʤənz., kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: ðiz ənd ˈəðər ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈɔfɪsərz ər ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd wɪθ ðə ˌdɪstrəˈbjuʃən əv gɪfts, maɪn ɛz wɛl ɛz ðoʊz əv ðə kwinz. ɪn maɪ ˈwɪmənz kˈwɔrtərz, ðeɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ˈvɛriəs ˈʧɛrətəbəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz hir ənd ɪn ðə ˈprɑvənsəz. aɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔrdərd maɪ sənz ənd ðə sənz əv ˈəðər kwinz tɪ dɪˈstrɪbjut gɪfts soʊ ðət ˈnoʊbəl didz əv ənd ðə ˈpræktɪs əv meɪ bi prəˈmoʊtəd. ənd ˈnoʊbəl didz əv ənd ðə ˈpræktɪs əv kənˈsɪst əv ˈhævɪŋ ˈkaɪndnəs, ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti, ˈtruθfəlnəs, ˈpjʊrɪti, ˈʤɛnəlnəs ənd ˈgʊdnɪs ˌɪnˈkris əˈməŋ ðə ˈpipəl., kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: ˌwəˈtɛvər gʊd didz hæv bɪn dən baɪ mi, ðoʊz ðə ˈpipəl əkˈsɛpt ənd ðoʊz ðeɪ ˈfɑloʊ. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðeɪ hæv prəˈgrɛst ənd wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈprɑˌgrɛs baɪ biɪŋ rɪˈspɛktfəl tɪ ˈməðər ənd ˈfɑðər, rɪˈspɛktfəl tɪ ˈɛldərz, baɪ ˈkərtəsi tɪ ðə ˈeɪʤɪd ənd ˈprɑpər bɪˈheɪvjər təˈwɔrdz ənd, təˈwɔrdz ðə pur ənd dɪˈstrɛst, ənd ˈivɪn təˈwɔrdz ˈsərvənts ənd ɪmˈplɔɪiz., kɪŋ, spiks ðəs: ðɪs ˈprɑˌgrɛs əˈməŋ ðə ˈpipəl θru həz bɪn dən baɪ tu minz, baɪ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ənd baɪ pərsˈweɪʒən. əv ðiz, ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ɪz əv ˈlɪtəl ˈifɛkt, waɪl pərsˈweɪʒən həz məʧ mɔr ˈifɛkt. ðə ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz aɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn ər ðət ˈvɛriəs ˈænəməlz məst bi prəˈtɛktɪd. ənd aɪ hæv ˈgɪvɪn ˈmɛni ˈəðər ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ˈɔlsoʊ. bət ɪt ɪz baɪ pərsˈweɪʒən ðət ˈprɑˌgrɛs əˈməŋ ðə ˈpipəl θru həz hæd ə ˈgreɪtər ˈifɛkt ɪn rɪˈspɛkt əv tɪ ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz ənd əv ˈlɪvɪŋ biɪŋz. kənˈsərnɪŋ ðɪs, sɪz: wɛˈrɛvər ðɛr ər stoʊn ˈpɪlərz ər stoʊn slæbz, ðɛr ðɪs ˈidɪkt ɪz tɪ bi ɪnˈgreɪvd soʊ ðət ɪt meɪ lɔŋ ɪnˈdʊr. ɪt həz bɪn ɪnˈgreɪvd soʊ ðət ɪt meɪ ɪnˈdʊr ɛz lɔŋ ɛz maɪ sənz ənd lɪv ənd ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ðə sən ənd ðə mun ʃaɪn, ənd soʊ ðət ˈpipəl meɪ ˈpræktɪs ɪt ɛz ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd. fər baɪ ˈpræktɪsɪŋ ɪt ˈhæpinəs wɪl bi əˈteɪnd ɪn ðɪs wərld ənd ðə nɛkst. ðɪs ˈidɪkt həz bɪn ˈrɪtən baɪ mi jɪrz ˈæftər maɪ ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən. ðə ˈmaɪnər ˈpɪlər ˈidɪkts 1 tˈwɛnti jɪrz ˈæftər hɪz ˌkɔrəˈneɪʃən,, kɪŋ, ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðɪs pleɪs ənd ˈwərʃəpt bɪˈkəz hir ðə ˈbudə, ðə seɪʤ əv ðə sakyans*, wɑz hi hæd ə stoʊn ˈfɪgjər ənd ə ˈpɪlər sɛt əp ənd bɪˈkəz ðə lɔrd wɑz bɔrn hir, ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv wɑz ɪgˈzɛmptɪd frəm tæks ənd rikˈwaɪərd tɪ peɪ ˈoʊnli wən eɪθ əv ðə ˈproʊdus. 2 ðə æt (ər tɪ bi toʊld: huˈɛvər splɪts ðə) wɪʧ ɪz naʊ juˈnaɪtɪd, ɪz nɑt tɪ bi ədˈmɪtəd ˈɪntu ðə. huˈɛvər, ˈwɛðər məŋk ər nən, splɪts ðə ɪz tɪ bi meɪd tɪ wɛr waɪt kloʊðz ənd tɪ rɪˈzaɪd ˈsəmˌwɛr ˈəðər ðən ɪn ə noʊts 1 ˈvərʒən ˈɪʃud ɪn 257 b.c*. ðiz ˌfɔrˈtin ˈidɪkts, wɪθ ˈmaɪnər ˈdɪfərənsɪz, ər faʊnd ɪn faɪv ˈdɪfərənt ˈpleɪsɪz θruaʊt ˈɪndiə. ɪn tu ˈəðər ˈpleɪsɪz, ðeɪ ər faʊnd ˈmaɪnəs ˈnəmbərz 11 12 ənd 13 2 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 257 b.c*. 3 ðə ənd wər saʊθ ˈɪndiən ˈpipəlz ˈlɪvɪŋ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈɛmpaɪər. ðə ənd lɪvd ɔn ðə ˌsaʊθˈwɛst ˈsiˌbɔrd əv ˈɪndiə. ɪz wən əv ðə ˈeɪnʧənt neɪmz fər ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə. ɔn si noʊt 28 4 baɪ soʊ duɪŋ, wɑz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ədˈvaɪs ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ðə ˈbudə æt nikaya*, 5 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 257 b.c*. 6 ðə ɪgˈzækt ˈdutiz əv ðiz rɔɪəl ˈɔfɪsərz ər nɑt noʊn. 7 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 257 b.c*. 8 ðɪs ˈprɑbəˌbli rɪˈfərz tɪ ðə drəm ðət wɑz ˈbitən tɪ əˈnaʊns ðə ˈpənɪʃmənt əv ˈlɔˌbreɪkərz. si nikaya*, 9 laɪk ˈmɛni ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈeɪnʧənt wərld, bɪˈlivd ðət wɪn ə ʤɪst kɪŋ ruld, ðɛr wʊd bi ˈmɛni ɑˈspɪʃəs ˈpɔrˌtɛnts. 10 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 11 ðɪs simz tɪ bi ə ˈpɛrəˌfreɪz əv 163 12 ðə griks (ˈjoʊnə) ˈsɛtəld ɪn lɑrʤ ˈnəmbərz ɪn wət ɪz naʊ æfˈgænəˌstæn ənd ˈpækɪˌstæn ˈæftər ðə ˈkɑnkˌwɛsts əv ˌælɪgˈzændər ðə greɪt, ˌɔlˈðoʊ smɔl kəmˈjunɪtiz lɪvd ðɛr praɪər tɪ ðɪs. 13 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 14 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 15 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 16 gaya*, ðə saɪt əv ðə ˈbudəz ˌɛnˈlaɪtənmənt, wɑz noʊn ɪn ˈeɪnʧənt taɪmz ɛz ˈiðər ər vajirasana*. 17 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. ˈɑbviəsli hæd ðə ɪn maɪnd wɪn hi ˈɪʃud ðɪs ˈidɪkt. ðə wərd hir trænzˈleɪtəd ɛz ˈsɛrəˌmoʊni ɪz. 18 ˈəðər ˈvərʒənz ˈsəbstəˌtut ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ əp tɪ ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈidɪkt. ɪt həz ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn sɛd: "ˌʤɛnərˈɑsəti ɪz gʊd." bət ðɛr ɪz noʊ gɪft ər ˈbɛnəfɪt laɪk ðə gɪft əv ðə ər ˈbɛnəfɪt laɪk ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ðə. ðɛr ə frɛnd, ə well-wisher*, ə ˈrɛlətɪv ər ə kəmˈpænjən ʃʊd ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈəðərz ðəs ɔn əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ɔˈkeɪʒənz: "ðɪs ʃʊd bi dən, ðɪs ɪz gʊd, baɪ duɪŋ ðɪs, wən kən əˈteɪn ˈhɛvən." ənd wət ˈgreɪtər əˈʧivmənt ɪz ðɛr ðən ðɪs, tɪ əˈteɪn ˈhɛvən? 19 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 20 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 21 ˈsɪmələr tɪ 354 22 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 23 ˈprɑbəˌbli bɪˈlivd ðət ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəlz (saravadi*) əv ɔl riˈlɪʤənz wər ðɛr ˈɛθɪkəl ˈprɪnsəpəlz. 24 (tɑ ˈivə sadhu*). ðɪs ˈsɛntəns ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli trænzˈleɪtəd "ˈðɛrˌfɔr ˈkɑnˌkɔrd ɪz kəˈmɛndəbəl." ˌhaʊˈɛvər kəmz frəm sæm ˈeɪvə aɪ, "tɪ kəm təˈgɛðər." 25 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. ˌkɔrəˈspɑndz ˈrəfli tɪ ðə ˈmɑdərn steɪt əv orissa*. 26 ðə ˈbudə ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt ðət ðə fɔr kæsts əv ˈɪndiən soʊˈsaɪɪti ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz wər nɑt faʊnd əˈməŋ ðə griks; si nikaya*, 27 pərˈhæps hæd ɪn maɪnd 28 əv ˈsɪriə b.c*.), ˈtɑləmi əv ˈiʤɪpt b.c*.), əv ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə b.c*.), əv b.c*.) ənd ˌælɪgˈzændər əv b.c*.). 29 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 30 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. ðiz tu ˈidɪkts ər faʊnd ɪn tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈpleɪsɪz. 31 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 256 b.c*. 32 ðɪs ɪz ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv ðə ˈbudəz wərdz: "ʤɪst ɛz ə ˈməðər wʊd prəˈtɛkt hər ˈoʊnli ʧaɪld ˈivɪn æt ðə rɪsk əv hər oʊn laɪf, ˈivɪn soʊ, lɛt wən ˈkəltəˌveɪt ə ˈbaʊndləs hɑrt təˈwɔrdz ɔl biɪŋz." 149 33 ˈvərʒən, ˈɪʃud ɪn 257 b.c*. ðɪs ˈidɪkt ɪz faʊnd ɪn twɛlv ˈdɪfərənt ˈpleɪsɪz. 34 fərst wɑz ə (upasaka*) ənd ðɛn hi ˈvɪzɪtɪd ər ˈlɪtərəli "wɛnt tɪ ðə" (jæm mi upeti*). səm ˈskɑlərz θɪŋk ðɪs minz ðət bɪˈkeɪm ə məŋk. ˌhaʊˈɛvər ɪt ˈprɑbəˌbli minz ðət hi ˈstɑrtɪd ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈbudəst məŋks mɔr ˈɔfən ənd ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ðɛr ˌɪnˈstrəkʃənz mɔr ˈkɛrfəli. 35 ˈvərʒən. 36 ðɪs ˈidɪkt wɑz faʊnd ˌɪnˈskraɪbd ɔn ə smɔl rɑk nɪr ðə taʊn əv ənd ɪz naʊ haʊzd æt ðə ˌeɪʒiˈætɪk soʊˈsaɪɪti ɪn ˌkælˈkətə. ɪts deɪt ɪz nɑt noʊn. 37 ðɪs ˈsɛntəns ɪz ðə ˈkɑnvərs əv ə ˈsɪmələr wən ɪn ðə tipitaka*: "...ðət wɪʧ ɪz ɪz ðə wərdz əv ðə lɔrd." nikaya*, 38 ðɛr ɪz dɪsəˈgrimənt əˈməŋst ˈskɑlərz kənˈsərnɪŋ wɪʧ ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ səm əv ðə tɛkst. samukose*: ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə vagga*, nikaya*, vasani*: ˈiðər ðə, nikaya*, ər ðə, nikaya*,: bhayani*: ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə, nikaya*, mˈjuni gatha*: mˈjuni, pasine*:, laghulavade*:, nikaya*, 39 ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈsɛvən ˈidɪkts ər frəm ðə ˈdɛli ˈvərʒən, ðə fərst sɪks biɪŋ ˈɪʃud ɪn 243 b.c*. ənd ðə ˈsɛvənθ ɪn 242 b.c*. ðə fərst sɪks ˈidɪkts ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpɪr ɔn faɪv ˈəðər ˈpɪlərz. 40 deɪn. ðə ˈminɪŋ ɪz ənˈklɪr. ɪt meɪ min ðət həz ˈgɪvɪn "ðə aɪ əv ˈwɪzdəm," bət ˈteɪkɪŋ ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt ðə ˈkɑntɛkst, ɪt mɔr ˈlaɪkli minz hi həz stɑpt ˈblaɪndɪŋ ɛz ə fɔrm əv ˈpənɪʃmənt. 41 ˈsɪmələr tɪ ðə aɪˈdiəz ɪkˈsprɛst baɪ ðə ˈbudə ɪn 50 ənd 252 42 ðə aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən əv ˈmɛni əv ðiz ˈænəməlz ɪz conjectural*. 43 ðə wər ə sɛkt əv ɪn ˈeɪnʧənt ˈɪndiə ɪˈstæblɪʃt baɪ gosala*, ə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri əv ðə ˈbudə. ðə ər ðə jains*. 44 ðɪs ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən ɪz faʊnd ɔn ə ˈpɪlər ɪn wɛr ðə ˈbudə wɑz bɔrn. ɪt wɑz ˈɪʃud ɪn 249 b.c*., ˈprɑbəˌbli æt ðə taɪm əv ˈvɪzɪt tɪ ðə pleɪs. 45 əˈlɑhəˌbɑd ˈvərʒən, deɪt əv ˈɪʃu nɑt noʊn. ðə wərdz ɪn ˈbrækɪts ər ˈmɪsɪŋ du tɪ ˈdæmɪʤ ɔn ðə ˈpɪlər, bət ðeɪ kən bi ˌrikənˈstrəktɪd frəm ðə θri ˈəðər ˈvərʒənz əv ðɪs ˈidɪkt. 46 ðə waɪt kloʊðz əv ðə leɪ ˈfɑloʊərz ˈrəðər ðən ðə ˈjɛloʊ roʊb əv ə məŋk ər nən.
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preface this rendering of king asoka's edicts is based heavily on amulyachandra sen's english translation, which includes the original magadhi and a sanskrit and english translation of the text. however, many parts of the edicts are far from clear in meaning and the numerous translations of them differ widely. therefore, i have also consulted the translations of c. d. sircar and d. r. bhandarkar and in parts favored their interpretations. any credit this small book deserves is due entirely to the labors and learning of these scholars.
introduction dhamma sadhu, kiyam cu dhamme ti?
apasinave, bahu kayane, daya, dane, sace, socaye. dhamma is good, but what constitutes dhamma?
(it includes) little evil, much good, kindness,
generosity, truthfulness and purity. king asoka with the rediscovery and translation of indian literature by european scholars in the 19th century, it was not just the religion and philosophy of buddhism that came to light, but also its many legendary histories and biographies. amongst this class of literature, one name that came to be noticed was that of asoka, a good king who was supposed to have ruled india in the distant past. stories about this king, similar in outline but differing greatly in details, were found in the divyavadana, the asokavadana, the mahavamsa and several other works. they told of an exceptionally cruel and ruthless prince who had many of his brothers killed in order to seize the throne, who was dramatically converted to buddhism and who ruled wisely and justly for the rest of his life. none of these stories were taken seriously — after all many pre-modern cultures had legends about "too good to be true" kings who had ruled righteously in the past and who, people hoped, would rule again soon. most of these legends had their origins more in popular longing to be rid of the despotic and uncaring kings than in any historical fact. and the numerous stories about asoka were assumed to be the same. but in 1837, james prinsep succeeded in deciphering an ancient inscription on a large stone pillar in delhi. several other pillars and rocks with similar inscriptions had been known for some time and had attracted the curiosity of scholars. prinsep's inscription proved to be a series of edicts issued by a king calling himself "beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi." in the following decades, more and more edicts by this same king were discovered and with increasingly accurate decipherment of their language, a more complete picture of this man and his deeds began to emerge. gradually, it dawned on scholars that the king piyadasi of the edicts might be the king asoka so often praised in buddhist legends. however, it was not until 1915, when another edict actually mentioning the name asoka was discovered, that the identification was confirmed. having been forgotten for nearly 700 years, one of the greatest men in history became known to the world once again. asoka's edicts are mainly concerned with the reforms he instituted and the moral principles he recommended in his attempt to create a just and humane society. as such, they give us little information about his life, the details of which have to be culled from other sources. although the exact dates of asoka's life are a matter of dispute among scholars, he was born in about 304 b.c. and became the third king of the mauryan dynasty after the death of his father, bindusara. his given name was asoka but he assumed the title devanampiya piyadasi which means "beloved-of-the-gods, he who looks on with affection." there seems to have been a two-year war of succession during which at least one of asoka's brothers was killed. in 262 b.c., eight years after his coronation, asoka's armies attacked and conquered kalinga, a country that roughly corresponds to the modern state of orissa. the loss of life caused by battle, reprisals, deportations and the turmoil that always exists in the aftermath of war so horrified asoka that it brought about a complete change in his personality. it seems that asoka had been calling himself a buddhist for at least two years prior to the kalinga war, but his commitment to buddhism was only lukewarm and perhaps had a political motive behind it. but after the war asoka dedicated the rest of his life trying to apply buddhist principles to the administration of his vast empire. he had a crucial part to play in helping buddhism to spread both throughout india and abroad, and probably built the first major buddhist monuments. asoka died in 232 b.c. in the thirty-eighth year of his reign. asoka's edicts are to be found scattered in more than thirty places throughout india, nepal, pakistan and afghanistan. most of them are written in brahmi script from which all indian scripts and many of those used in southeast asia later developed. the language used in the edicts found in the eastern part of the sub-continent is a type of magadhi, probably the official language of asoka's court. the language used in the edicts found in the western part of india is closer to sanskrit although one bilingual edict in afghanistan is written in aramaic and greek. asoka's edicts, which comprise the earliest decipherable corpus of written documents from india, have survived throughout the centuries because they are written on rocks and stone pillars. these pillars in particular are testimony to the technological and artistic genius of ancient indian civilization. originally, there must have been many of them, although only ten with inscriptions still survive. averaging between forty and fifty feet in height, and weighing up to fifty tons each, all the pillars were quarried at chunar, just south of varanasi and dragged, sometimes hundreds of miles, to where they were erected. each pillar was originally capped by a capital, sometimes a roaring lion, a noble bull or a spirited horse, and the few capitals that survive are widely recognized as masterpieces of indian art. both the pillars and the capitals exhibit a remarkable mirror-like polish that has survived despite centuries of exposure to the elements. the location of the rock edicts is governed by the availability of suitable rocks, but the edicts on pillars are all to be found in very specific places. some, like the lumbini pillar, mark the buddha's birthplace, while its inscriptions commemorate asoka's pilgrimage to that place. others are to be found in or near important population centers so that their edicts could be read by as many people as possible. there is little doubt that asoka's edicts were written in his own words rather than in the stylistic language in which royal edicts or proclamations in the ancient world were usually written in. their distinctly personal tone gives us a unique glimpse into the personality of this complex and remarkable man. asoka's style tends to be somewhat repetitious and plodding as if explaining something to one who has difficulty in understanding. asoka frequently refers to the good works he has done, although not in a boastful way, but more, it seems, to convince the reader of his sincerity. in fact, an anxiousness to be thought of as a sincere person and a good administrator is present in nearly every edict. asoka tells his subjects that he looked upon them as his children, that their welfare is his main concern; he apologizes for the kalinga war and reassures the people beyond the borders of his empire that he has no expansionist intentions towards them. mixed with this sincerity, there is a definite puritanical streak in asoka's character suggested by his disapproval of festivals and of religious rituals many of which while being of little value were nonetheless harmless. it is also very clear that buddhism was the most influential force in asoka's life and that he hoped his subjects likewise would adopt his religion. he went on pilgrimages to lumbini and bodh gaya, sent teaching monks to various regions in india and beyond its borders, and he was familiar enough with the sacred texts to recommend some of them to the monastic community. it is also very clear that asoka saw the reforms he instituted as being a part of his duties as a buddhist. but, while he was an enthusiastic buddhist, he was not partisan towards his own religion or intolerant of other religions. he seems to have genuinely hoped to be able to encourage everyone to practice his or her own religion with the same conviction that he practiced his. scholars have suggested that because the edicts say nothing about the philosophical aspects of buddhism, asoka had a simplistic and naive understanding of the dhamma. this view does not take into account the fact that the purpose of the edicts was not to expound the truths of buddhism, but to inform the people of asoka's reforms and to encourage them to be more generous, kind and moral. this being the case, there was no reason for asoka to discuss buddhist philosophy. asoka emerges from his edicts as an able administrator, an intelligent human being and as a devoted buddhist, and we could expect him to take as keen an interest in buddhist philosophy as he did in buddhist practice. the contents of asoka's edicts make it clear that all the legends about his wise and humane rule are more than justified and qualify him to be ranked as one of the greatest rulers. in his edicts, he spoke of what might be called state morality, and private or individual morality. the first was what he based his administration upon and what he hoped would lead to a more just, more spiritually inclined society, while the second was what he recommended and encouraged individuals to practice. both these types of morality were imbued with the buddhist values of compassion, moderation, tolerance and respect for all life. the asokan state gave up the predatory foreign policy that had characterized the mauryan empire up till then and replaced it with a policy of peaceful co-existence. the judicial system was reformed in order to make it more fair, less harsh and less open to abuse, while those sentenced to death were given a stay of execution to prepare appeals and regular amnesties were given to prisoners. state resources were used for useful public works like the importation and cultivation of medical herbs, the building of rest houses, the digging of wells at regular intervals along main roads and the planting of fruit and shade trees. to ensue that these reforms and projects were carried out, asoka made himself more accessible to his subjects by going on frequent inspection tours and he expected his district officers to follow his example. to the same end, he gave orders that important state business or petitions were never to be kept from him no matter what he was doing at the time. the state had a responsibility not just to protect and promote the welfare of its people but also its wildlife. hunting certain species of wild animals was banned, forest and wildlife reserves were established and cruelty to domestic and wild animals was prohibited. the protection of all religions, their promotion and the fostering of harmony between them, was also seen as one of the duties of the state. it even seems that something like a department of religious affairs was established with officers called dhamma mahamatras whose job it was to look after the affairs of various religious bodies and to encourage the practice of religion. the individual morality that asoka hoped to foster included respect (susrusa) towards parents, elders, teachers, friends, servants, ascetics and brahmans — behavior that accords with the advice given to sigala by the buddha (digha nikaya, discourse no. 31). he encouraged generosity (dana) to the poor (kapana valaka), to ascetics and brahmans, and to friends and relatives. not surprisingly, asoka encouraged harmlessness towards all life (avihisa bhutanam). in conformity with the buddha's advice in the anguttara nikaya, ii:282, he also considered moderation in spending and moderation in saving to be good (apa vyayata apa bhadata). treating people properly (samya pratipati), he suggested, was much more important than performing ceremonies that were supposed to bring good luck. because it helped promote tolerance and mutual respect, asoka desired that people should be well-learned (bahu sruta) in the good doctrines (kalanagama) of other people's religions. the qualities of heart that are recommended by asoka in the edicts indicate his deep spirituality. they include kindness (daya), self-examination (palikhaya), truthfulness (sace), gratitude (katamnata), purity of heart (bhava sudhi), enthusiasm (usahena), strong loyalty (dadha bhatita), self-control (sayame) and love of the dhamma (dhamma kamata). we have no way of knowing how effective asoka's reforms were or how long they lasted but we do know that monarchs throughout the ancient buddhist world were encouraged to look to his style of government as an ideal to be followed. king asoka has to be credited with the first attempt to develop a buddhist polity. today, with widespread disillusionment in prevailing ideologies and the search for a political philosophy that goes beyond greed (capitalism), hatred (communism) and delusion (dictatorships led by "infallible" leaders), asoka's edicts may make a meaningful contribution to the development of a more spiritually based political system.
the fourteen rock edicts 1 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, has caused this dhamma edict to be written.[1] here (in my domain) no living beings are to be slaughtered or offered in sacrifice. nor should festivals be held, for beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, sees much to object to in such festivals, although there are some festivals that beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, does approve of. formerly, in the kitchen of beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, hundreds of thousands of animals were killed every day to make curry. but now with the writing of this dhamma edict only three creatures, two peacocks and a deer are killed, and the deer not always. and in time, not even these three creatures will be killed. 2 everywhere[2] within beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi's domain, and among the people beyond the borders, the cholas, the pandyas, the satiyaputras, the keralaputras, as far as tamraparni and where the greek king antiochos rules, and among the kings who are neighbors of antiochos,[3] everywhere has beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, made provision for two types of medical treatment: medical treatment for humans and medical treatment for animals. wherever medical herbs suitable for humans or animals are not available, i have had them imported and grown. wherever medical roots or fruits are not available i have had them imported and grown. along roads i have had wells dug and trees planted for the benefit of humans and animals.[4] 3 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus:[5] twelve years after my coronation this has been ordered — everywhere in my domain the yuktas, the rajjukas and the pradesikas shall go on inspection tours every five years for the purpose of dhamma instruction and also to conduct other business.[6] respect for mother and father is good, generosity to friends, acquaintances, relatives, brahmans and ascetics is good, not killing living beings is good, moderation in spending and moderation in saving is good. the council shall notify the yuktas about the observance of these instructions in these very words. 4 in the past, for many hundreds of years, killing or harming living beings and improper behavior towards relatives, and improper behavior towards brahmans and ascetics has increased.[7] but now due to beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi's dhamma practice, the sound of the drum has been replaced by the sound of the dhamma.[8] the sighting of heavenly cars, auspicious elephants, bodies of fire and other divine sightings has not happened for many hundreds of years. but now because beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi promotes restraint in the killing and harming of living beings, proper behavior towards relatives, brahmans and ascetics, and respect for mother, father and elders, such sightings have increased.[9] these and many other kinds of dhamma practice have been encouraged by beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, and he will continue to promote dhamma practice. and the sons, grandsons and great-grandsons of beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, too will continue to promote dhamma practice until the end of time; living by dhamma and virtue, they will instruct in dhamma. truly, this is the highest work, to instruct in dhamma. but practicing the dhamma cannot be done by one who is devoid of virtue and therefore its promotion and growth is commendable. this edict has been written so that it may please my successors to devote themselves to promoting these things and not allow them to decline. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, has had this written twelve years after his coronation. 5 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus:[10] to do good is difficult. one who does good first does something hard to do. i have done many good deeds, and, if my sons, grandsons and their descendants up to the end of the world act in like manner, they too will do much good. but whoever amongst them neglects this, they will do evil. truly, it is easy to do evil.[11] in the past there were no dhamma mahamatras but such officers were appointed by me thirteen years after my coronation. now they work among all religions for the establishment of dhamma, for the promotion of dhamma, and for the welfare and happiness of all who are devoted to dhamma. they work among the greeks, the kambojas, the gandharas, the rastrikas, the pitinikas and other peoples on the western borders.[12] they work among soldiers, chiefs, brahmans, householders, the poor, the aged and those devoted to dhamma — for their welfare and happiness — so that they may be free from harassment. they (dhamma mahamatras) work for the proper treatment of prisoners, towards their unfettering, and if the mahamatras think, "this one has a family to support," "that one has been bewitched," "this one is old," then they work for the release of such prisoners. they work here, in outlying towns, in the women's quarters belonging to my brothers and sisters, and among my other relatives. they are occupied everywhere. these dhamma mahamatras are occupied in my domain among people devoted to dhamma to determine who is devoted to dhamma, who is established in dhamma, and who is generous. this dhamma edict has been written on stone so that it might endure long and that my descendants might act in conformity with it. 6 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus:[13] in the past, state business was not transacted nor were reports delivered to the king at all hours. but now i have given this order, that at any time, whether i am eating, in the women's quarters, the bed chamber, the chariot, the palanquin, in the park or wherever, reporters are to be posted with instructions to report to me the affairs of the people so that i might attend to these affairs wherever i am. and whatever i orally order in connection with donations or proclamations, or when urgent business presses itself on the mahamatras, if disagreement or debate arises in the council, then it must be reported to me immediately. this is what i have ordered. i am never content with exerting myself or with despatching business. truly, i consider the welfare of all to be my duty, and the root of this is exertion and the prompt despatch of business. there is no better work than promoting the welfare of all the people and whatever efforts i am making is to repay the debt i owe to all beings to assure their happiness in this life, and attain heaven in the next. therefore this dhamma edict has been written to last long and that my sons, grandsons and great-grandsons might act in conformity with it for the welfare of the world. however, this is difficult to do without great exertion. 7 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, desires that all religions should reside everywhere, for all of them desire self-control and purity of heart.[14] but people have various desires and various passions, and they may practice all of what they should or only a part of it. but one who receives great gifts yet is lacking in self-control, purity of heart, gratitude and firm devotion, such a person is mean. 8 in the past kings used to go out on pleasure tours during which there was hunting and other entertainment.[15] but ten years after beloved-of-the-gods had been coronated, he went on a tour to sambodhi and thus instituted dhamma tours.[16] during these tours, the following things took place: visits and gifts to brahmans and ascetics, visits and gifts of gold to the aged, visits to people in the countryside, instructing them in dhamma, and discussing dhamma with them as is suitable. it is this that delights beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, and is, as it were, another type of revenue. 9 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus:[17] in times of sickness, for the marriage of sons and daughters, at the birth of children, before embarking on a journey, on these and other occasions, people perform various ceremonies. women in particular perform many vulgar and worthless ceremonies. these types of ceremonies can be performed by all means, but they bear little fruit. what does bear great fruit, however, is the ceremony of the dhamma. this involves proper behavior towards servants and employees, respect for teachers, restraint towards living beings, and generosity towards ascetics and brahmans. these and other things constitute the ceremony of the dhamma. therefore a father, a son, a brother, a master, a friend, a companion, and even a neighbor should say: "this is good, this is the ceremony that should be performed until its purpose is fulfilled, this i shall do."[18] other ceremonies are of doubtful fruit, for they may achieve their purpose, or they may not, and even if they do, it is only in this world. but the ceremony of the dhamma is timeless. even if it does not achieve its purpose in this world, it produces great merit in the next, whereas if it does achieve its purpose in this world, one gets great merit both here and there through the ceremony of the dhamma. 10 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, does not consider glory and fame to be of great account unless they are achieved through having my subjects respect dhamma and practice dhamma, both now and in the future.[19] for this alone does beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, desire glory and fame. and whatever efforts beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, is making, all of that is only for the welfare of the people in the next world, and that they will have little evil. and being without merit is evil. this is difficult for either a humble person or a great person to do except with great effort, and by giving up other interests. in fact, it may be even more difficult for a great person to do. 11 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus:[20] there is no gift like the gift of the dhamma,[21] (no acquaintance like) acquaintance with dhamma, (no distribution like) distribution of dhamma, and (no kinship like) kinship through dhamma. and it consists of this: proper behavior towards servants and employees, respect for mother and father, generosity to friends, companions, relations, brahmans and ascetics, and not killing living beings. therefore a father, a son, a brother, a master, a friend, a companion or a neighbor should say: "this is good, this should be done." one benefits in this world and gains great merit in the next by giving the gift of the dhamma. 12 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, honors both ascetics and the householders of all religions, and he honors them with gifts and honors of various kinds.[22] but beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, does not value gifts and honors as much as he values this — that there should be growth in the essentials of all religions.[23] growth in essentials can be done in different ways, but all of them have as their root restraint in speech, that is, not praising one's own religion, or condemning the religion of others without good cause. and if there is cause for criticism, it should be done in a mild way. but it is better to honor other religions for this reason. by so doing, one's own religion benefits, and so do other religions, while doing otherwise harms one's own religion and the religions of others. whoever praises his own religion, due to excessive devotion, and condemns others with the thought "let me glorify my own religion," only harms his own religion. therefore contact (between religions) is good.[24] one should listen to and respect the doctrines professed by others. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, desires that all should be well-learned in the good doctrines of other religions. those who are content with their own religion should be told this: beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, does not value gifts and honors as much as he values that there should be growth in the essentials of all religions. and to this end many are working — dhamma mahamatras, mahamatras in charge of the women's quarters, officers in charge of outlying areas, and other such officers. and the fruit of this is that one's own religion grows and the dhamma is illuminated also. 13 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, conquered the kalingas eight years after his coronation.[25] one hundred and fifty thousand were deported, one hundred thousand were killed and many more died (from other causes). after the kalingas had been conquered, beloved-of-the-gods came to feel a strong inclination towards the dhamma, a love for the dhamma and for instruction in dhamma. now beloved-of-the-gods feels deep remorse for having conquered the kalingas. indeed, beloved-of-the-gods is deeply pained by the killing, dying and deportation that take place when an unconquered country is conquered. but beloved-of-the-gods is pained even more by this — that brahmans, ascetics, and householders of different religions who live in those countries, and who are respectful to superiors, to mother and father, to elders, and who behave properly and have strong loyalty towards friends, acquaintances, companions, relatives, servants and employees — that they are injured, killed or separated from their loved ones. even those who are not affected (by all this) suffer when they see friends, acquaintances, companions and relatives affected. these misfortunes befall all (as a result of war), and this pains beloved-of-the-gods. there is no country, except among the greeks, where these two groups, brahmans and ascetics, are not found, and there is no country where people are not devoted to one or another religion.[26] therefore the killing, death or deportation of a hundredth, or even a thousandth part of those who died during the conquest of kalinga now pains beloved-of-the-gods. now beloved-of-the-gods thinks that even those who do wrong should be forgiven where forgiveness is possible. even the forest people, who live in beloved-of-the-gods' domain, are entreated and reasoned with to act properly. they are told that despite his remorse beloved-of-the-gods has the power to punish them if necessary, so that they should be ashamed of their wrong and not be killed. truly, beloved-of-the-gods desires non-injury, restraint and impartiality to all beings, even where wrong has been done. now it is conquest by dhamma that beloved-of-the-gods considers to be the best conquest.[27] and it (conquest by dhamma) has been won here, on the borders, even six hundred yojanas away, where the greek king antiochos rules, beyond there where the four kings named ptolemy, antigonos, magas and alexander rule, likewise in the south among the cholas, the pandyas, and as far as tamraparni.[28] here in the king's domain among the greeks, the kambojas, the nabhakas, the nabhapamkits, the bhojas, the pitinikas, the andhras and the palidas, everywhere people are following beloved-of-the-gods' instructions in dhamma. even where beloved-of-the-gods' envoys have not been, these people too, having heard of the practice of dhamma and the ordinances and instructions in dhamma given by beloved-of-the-gods, are following it and will continue to do so. this conquest has been won everywhere, and it gives great joy — the joy which only conquest by dhamma can give. but even this joy is of little consequence. beloved-of-the-gods considers the great fruit to be experienced in the next world to be more important. i have had this dhamma edict written so that my sons and great-grandsons may not consider making new conquests, or that if military conquests are made, that they be done with forbearance and light punishment, or better still, that they consider making conquest by dhamma only, for that bears fruit in this world and the next. may all their intense devotion be given to this which has a result in this world and the next. 14 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, has had these dhamma edicts written in brief, in medium length, and in extended form.[29] not all of them occur everywhere, for my domain is vast, but much has been written, and i will have still more written. and also there are some subjects here that have been spoken of again and again because of their sweetness, and so that the people may act in accordance with them. if some things written are incomplete, this is because of the locality, or in consideration of the object, or due to the fault of the scribe.
the kalinga rock edicts 1 beloved-of-the-gods says that the mahamatras of tosali who are judicial officers in the city are to be told this:[30] i wish to see that everything i consider to be proper is carried out in the right way. and i consider instructing you to be the best way of accomplishing this. i have placed you over many thousands of people that you may win the people's affection. all men are my children. what i desire for my own children, and i desire their welfare and happiness both in this world and the next, that i desire for all men. you do not understand to what extent i desire this, and if some of you do understand, you do not understand the full extent of my desire. you must attend to this matter. while being completely law-abiding, some people are imprisoned, treated harshly and even killed without cause so that many people suffer. therefore your aim should be to act with impartiality. it is because of these things — envy, anger, cruelty, hate, indifference, laziness or tiredness — that such a thing does not happen. therefore your aim should be: "may these things not be in me." and the root of this is non-anger and patience. those who are bored with the administration of justice will not be promoted; (those who are not) will move upwards and be promoted. whoever among you understands this should say to his colleagues: "see that you do your duty properly. such and such are beloved-of-the-gods' instructions." great fruit will result from doing your duty, while failing in it will result in gaining neither heaven nor the king's pleasure. failure in duty on your part will not please me. but done properly, it will win you heaven and you will be discharging your debts to me. this edict is to be listened to on tisa day, between tisa days, and on other suitable occasions, it should be listened to even by a single person. acting thus, you will be doing your duty. this edict has been written for the following purpose: that the judicial officers of the city may strive to do their duty and that the people under them might not suffer unjust imprisonment or harsh treatment. to achieve this, i will send out mahamatras every five years who are not harsh or cruel, but who are merciful and who can ascertain if the judicial officers have understood my purpose and are acting according to my instructions. similarly, from ujjayini, the prince will send similar persons with the same purpose without allowing three years to elapse. likewise from takhasila also. when these mahamatras go on tours of inspection each year, then without neglecting their normal duties, they will ascertain if judicial officers are acting according to the king's instructions. 2 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus:[31] this royal order is to be addressed to the mahamatras at samapa. i wish to see that everything i consider to be proper is carried out in the right way. and i consider instructing you to be the best way of accomplishing this. all men are my children. what i desire for my own children, and i desire their welfare and happiness both in this world and the next, that i desire for all men.[32] the people of the unconquered territories beyond the borders might think: "what is the king's intentions towards us?" my only intention is that they live without fear of me, that they may trust me and that i may give them happiness, not sorrow. furthermore, they should understand that the king will forgive those who can be forgiven, and that he wishes to encourage them to practice dhamma so that they may attain happiness in this world and the next. i am telling you this so that i may discharge the debts i owe, and that in instructing you, that you may know that my vow and my promise will not be broken. therefore acting in this way, you should perform your duties and assure them (the people beyond the borders) that: "the king is like a father. he feels towards us as he feels towards himself. we are to him like his own children." by instructing you and informing you of my vow and my promise i shall be applying myself in complete fullness to achieving this object. you are able indeed to inspire them with confidence and to secure their welfare and happiness in this world and the next, and by acting thus, you will attain heaven as well as discharge the debts you owe to me. and so that the mahamatras can devote themselves at all times to inspiring the border areas with confidence and encouraging them to practice dhamma, this edict has been written here. this edict is to be listened to every four months on tisa day, between tisa days, and on other suitable occasions, it should be listened to even by a single person. acting thus, you will be doing your duty.
minor rock edicts 1 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus:[33] it is now more than two and a half years since i became a lay-disciple, but until now i have not been very zealous.[34] but now that i have visited the sangha for more than a year, i have become very zealous. now the people in india who have not associated with the gods do so. this is the result of zeal and it is not just the great who can do this. even the humble, if they are zealous, can attain heaven. and this proclamation has been made with this aim. let both humble and great be zealous, let even those on the borders know and let zeal last long. then this zeal will increase, it will greatly increase, it will increase up to one-and-a-half times. this message has been proclaimed two hundred and fifty-six times by the king while on tour. 2 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus:[35] father and mother should be respected and so should elders, kindness to living beings should be made strong and the truth should be spoken. in these ways, the dhamma should be promoted. likewise, a teacher should be honored by his pupil and proper manners should be shown towards relations. this is an ancient rule that conduces to long life. thus should one act. written by the scribe chapala. 3 piyadasi, king of magadha, saluting the sangha and wishing them good health and happiness, speaks thus:[36] you know, reverend sirs, how great my faith in the buddha, the dhamma and sangha is. whatever, reverend sirs, has been spoken by lord buddha, all that is well-spoken.[37] i consider it proper, reverend sirs, to advise on how the good dhamma should last long. these dhamma texts — extracts from the discipline, the noble way of life, the fears to come, the poem on the silent sage, the discourse on the pure life, upatisa's questions, and the advice to rahula which was spoken by the buddha concerning false speech — these dhamma texts, reverend sirs, i desire that all the monks and nuns may constantly listen to and remember.[38] likewise the laymen and laywomen. i have had this written that you may know my intentions.
the seven pillar edicts 1 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus:[39] this dhamma edict was written twenty-six years after my coronation. happiness in this world and the next is difficult to obtain without much love for the dhamma, much self-examination, much respect, much fear (of evil), and much enthusiasm. but through my instruction this regard for dhamma and love of dhamma has grown day by day, and will continue to grow. and my officers of high, low and middle rank are practicing and conforming to dhamma, and are capable of inspiring others to do the same. mahamatras in border areas are doing the same. and these are my instructions: to protect with dhamma, to make happiness through dhamma and to guard with dhamma. 2 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: dhamma is good, but what constitutes dhamma? (it includes) little evil, much good, kindness, generosity, truthfulness and purity. i have given the gift of sight in various ways.[40] to two-footed and four-footed beings, to birds and aquatic animals, i have given various things including the gift of life. and many other good deeds have been done by me. this dhamma edict has been written that people might follow it and it might endure for a long time. and the one who follows it properly will do something good. 3 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: people see only their good deeds saying, "i have done this good deed." but they do not see their evil deeds saying, "i have done this evil deed" or "this is called evil." but this (tendency) is difficult to see.[41] one should think like this: "it is these things that lead to evil, to violence, to cruelty, anger, pride and jealousy. let me not ruin myself with these things." and further, one should think: "this leads to happiness in this world and the next." 4 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus: this dhamma edict was written twenty-six years after my coronation. my rajjukas are working among the people, among many hundreds of thousands of people. the hearing of petitions and the administration of justice has been left to them so that they can do their duties confidently and fearlessly and so that they can work for the welfare, happiness and benefit of the people in the country. but they should remember what causes happiness and sorrow, and being themselves devoted to dhamma, they should encourage the people in the country (to do the same), that they may attain happiness in this world and the next. these rajjukas are eager to serve me. they also obey other officers who know my desires, who instruct the rajjukas so that they can please me. just as a person feels confident having entrusted his child to an expert nurse thinking: "the nurse will keep my child well," even so, the rajjukas have been appointed by me for the welfare and happiness of the people in the country. the hearing of petitions and the administration of justice have been left to the rajjukas so that they can do their duties unperturbed, fearlessly and confidently. it is my desire that there should be uniformity in law and uniformity in sentencing. i even go this far, to grant a three-day stay for those in prison who have been tried and sentenced to death. during this time their relatives can make appeals to have the prisoners' lives spared. if there is none to appeal on their behalf, the prisoners can give gifts in order to make merit for the next world, or observe fasts. indeed, it is my wish that in this way, even if a prisoner's time is limited, he can prepare for the next world, and that people's dhamma practice, self-control and generosity may grow. 5 beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: twenty-six years after my coronation various animals were declared to be protected — parrots, mainas, aruna, ruddy geese, wild ducks, nandimukhas, gelatas, bats, queen ants, terrapins, boneless fish, vedareyaka, gangapuputaka, sankiya fish, tortoises, porcupines, squirrels, deer, bulls, okapinda, wild asses, wild pigeons, domestic pigeons and all four-footed creatures that are neither useful nor edible.[42] those nanny goats, ewes and sows which are with young or giving milk to their young are protected, and so are young ones less than six months old. cocks are not to be caponized, husks hiding living beings are not to be burnt and forests are not to be burnt either without reason or to kill creatures. one animal is not to be fed to another. on the three caturmasis, the three days of tisa and during the fourteenth and fifteenth of the uposatha, fish are protected and not to be sold. during these days animals are not to be killed in the elephant reserves or the fish reserves either. on the eighth of every fortnight, on the fourteenth and fifteenth, on tisa, punarvasu, the three caturmasis and other auspicious days, bulls are not to be castrated, billy goats, rams, boars and other animals that are usually castrated are not to be. on tisa, punarvasu, caturmasis and the fortnight of caturmasis, horses and bullocks are not be branded. in the twenty-six years since my coronation prisoners have been given amnesty on twenty-five occasions. 6 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus: twelve years after my coronation i started to have dhamma edicts written for the welfare and happiness of the people, and so that not transgressing them they might grow in the dhamma. thinking: "how can the welfare and happiness of the people be secured?" i give attention to my relatives, to those dwelling near and those dwelling far, so i can lead them to happiness and then i act accordingly. i do the same for all groups. i have honored all religions with various honors. but i consider it best to meet with people personally. this dhamma edict was written twenty-six years after my coronation. 7 beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus: in the past kings desired that the people might grow through the promotion of the dhamma. but despite this, people did not grow through the promotion of the dhamma. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, said concerning this: "it occurs to me that in the past kings desired that the people might grow through the promotion of the dhamma. but despite this, people did not grow through the promotion of the dhamma. now how can the people be encouraged to follow it? how can the people be encouraged to grow through the promotion of the dhamma? how can i elevate them by promoting the dhamma?" beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, further said concerning this: "it occurs to me that i shall have proclamations on dhamma announced and instruction on dhamma given. when people hear these, they will follow them, elevate themselves and grow considerably through the promotion of the dhamma." it is for this purpose that proclamations on dhamma have been announced and various instructions on dhamma have been given and that officers who work among many promote and explain them in detail. the rajjukas who work among hundreds of thousands of people have likewise been ordered: "in this way and that encourage those who are devoted to dhamma." beloved-of-the-gods speaks thus: "having this object in view, i have set up dhamma pillars, appointed dhamma mahamatras, and announced dhamma proclamations." beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, says: along roads i have had banyan trees planted so that they can give shade to animals and men, and i have had mango groves planted. at intervals of eight krosas, i have had wells dug, rest-houses built, and in various places, i have had watering-places made for the use of animals and men. but these are but minor achievements. such things to make the people happy have been done by former kings. i have done these things for this purpose, that the people might practice the dhamma. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: my dhamma mahamatras too are occupied with various good works among the ascetics and householders of all religions. i have ordered that they should be occupied with the affairs of the sangha. i have also ordered that they should be occupied with the affairs of the brahmans and the ajivikas. i have ordered that they be occupied with the niganthas.[43] in fact, i have ordered that different mahamatras be occupied with the particular affairs of all different religions. and my dhamma mahamatras likewise are occupied with these and other religions. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: these and other principal officers are occupied with the distribution of gifts, mine as well as those of the queens. in my women's quarters, they organize various charitable activities here and in the provinces. i have also ordered my sons and the sons of other queens to distribute gifts so that noble deeds of dhamma and the practice of dhamma may be promoted. and noble deeds of dhamma and the practice of dhamma consist of having kindness, generosity, truthfulness, purity, gentleness and goodness increase among the people. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: whatever good deeds have been done by me, those the people accept and those they follow. therefore they have progressed and will continue to progress by being respectful to mother and father, respectful to elders, by courtesy to the aged and proper behavior towards brahmans and ascetics, towards the poor and distressed, and even towards servants and employees. beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, speaks thus: this progress among the people through dhamma has been done by two means, by dhamma regulations and by persuasion. of these, dhamma regulation is of little effect, while persuasion has much more effect. the dhamma regulations i have given are that various animals must be protected. and i have given many other dhamma regulations also. but it is by persuasion that progress among the people through dhamma has had a greater effect in respect of harmlessness to living beings and non-killing of living beings. concerning this, beloved-of-the-gods says: wherever there are stone pillars or stone slabs, there this dhamma edict is to be engraved so that it may long endure. it has been engraved so that it may endure as long as my sons and great-grandsons live and as long as the sun and the moon shine, and so that people may practice it as instructed. for by practicing it happiness will be attained in this world and the next. this dhamma edict has been written by me twenty-seven years after my coronation.
the minor pillar edicts 1 twenty years after his coronation, beloved-of-the-gods, king piyadasi, visited this place and worshipped because here the buddha, the sage of the sakyans, was born.[44] he had a stone figure and a pillar set up and because the lord was born here, the village of lumbini was exempted from tax and required to pay only one eighth of the produce. 2 beloved-of-the-gods commands:[45] the mahamatras at kosambi (are to be told: whoever splits the sangha) which is now united, is not to be admitted into the sangha. whoever, whether monk or nun, splits the sangha is to be made to wear white clothes and to reside somewhere other than in a monastery.[46]
notes 1. girnar version issued in 257 b.c. these fourteen edicts, with minor differences, are found in five different places throughout india. in two other places, they are found minus numbers 11, 12 and 13. 2. girnar version, issued in 257 b.c. 3. the cholas and pandyas were south indian peoples living outside asoka's empire. the satiyaputras and keralaputras lived on the southwest seaboard of india. tamraparni is one of the ancient names for sri lanka. on antiochos see note 28. 4. by so doing, asoka was following the advice given by the buddha at samyutta nikaya, i:33. 5. girnar version, issued in 257 b.c. 6. the exact duties of these royal officers are not known. 7. girnar version, issued in 257 b.c. 8. this probably refers to the drum that was beaten to announce the punishment of lawbreakers. see samyutta nikaya, iv:244. 9. like many people in the ancient world, asoka believed that when a just king ruled, there would be many auspicious portents. 10. kalsi version, issued in 256 b.c. 11. this seems to be a paraphrase of dhammapada 163. 12. the greeks (yona) settled in large numbers in what is now afghanistan and pakistan after the conquests of alexander the great, although small communities lived there prior to this. 13. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 14. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 15. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 16. bodh gaya, the site of the buddha's enlightenment, was known in ancient times as either sambodhi or vajirasana. 17. kalsi version, issued in 256 b.c. asoka obviously had the mangala sutta (sutta nipata 258-269) in mind when he issued this edict. the word here translated as ceremony is mangala. 18. other versions substitute the following up to the end of the edict. it has also been said: "generosity is good." but there is no gift or benefit like the gift of the dhamma or benefit like the benefit of the dhamma. there a friend, a well-wisher, a relative or a companion should encourage others thus on appropriate occasions: "this should be done, this is good, by doing this, one can attain heaven." and what greater achievement is there than this, to attain heaven? 19. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 20. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 21. similar to dhammapada 354. 22. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 23. asoka probably believed that the essentials (saravadi) of all religions were their ethical principles. 24. (ta samavayo eva sadhu). this sentence is usually translated "therefore concord is commendable." samavayo however comes from sam + ava + i, "to come together." 25. kalsi version, issued in 256 b.c. kalinga corresponds roughly to the modern state of orissa. 26. the buddha pointed out that the four castes of indian society likewise were not found among the greeks; see majjhima nikaya, ii:149. 27. perhaps asoka had in mind dhammapada 103-104. 28. antiochos ii theos of syria (261-246 b.c.), ptolemy ii philadelphos of egypt (285-247 b.c.), antigonos gonatos of macedonia (278-239 b.c.), magas of cyrene (300-258 b.c.) and alexander of epirus (272-258 b.c.). 29. girnar version, issued in 256 b.c. 30. dhauli version, issued in 256 b.c. these two edicts are found in two different places. 31. dhauli version, issued in 256 b.c. 32. this is reminiscent of the buddha's words: "just as a mother would protect her only child even at the risk of her own life, even so, let one cultivate a boundless heart towards all beings." sutta nipata 149. 33. gavimath version, issued in 257 b.c. this edict is found in twelve different places. 34. first asoka was a lay-disciple (upasaka) and then he visited or literally "went to the sangha" (yam me samghe upeti). some scholars think this means that asoka became a monk. however it probably means that he started visiting buddhist monks more often and listening to their instructions more carefully. 35. brahmagiri version. 36. this edict was found inscribed on a small rock near the town of bairat and is now housed at the asiatic society in calcutta. its date is not known. 37. this sentence is the converse of a similar one in the tipitaka: "...that which is well-spoken is the words of the lord." anguttara nikaya, iv:164. 38. there is disagreement amongst scholars concerning which pali suttas correspond to some of the text. vinaya samukose: probably the atthavasa vagga, anguttara nikaya, 1:98-100. aliya vasani: either the ariyavasa sutta, anguttara nikaya, v:29, or the ariyavamsa sutta, anguttara nikaya, ii: 27-28. anagata bhayani: probably the anagata sutta, anguttara nikaya, iii:100. muni gatha: muni sutta, sutta nipata 207-221. upatisa pasine: sariputta sutta, sutta nipata 955-975. laghulavade: rahulavada sutta, majjhima nikaya, i:421. 39. the following seven edicts are from the delhi topra version, the first six being issued in 243 b.c. and the seventh in 242 b.c. the first six edicts also appear on five other pillars. 40. cakhu dane. the meaning is unclear. it may mean that asoka has given "the eye of wisdom," but taking into account the context, it more likely means he has stopped blinding as a form of punishment. 41. similar to the ideas expressed by the buddha in dhammapada 50 and 252. 42. the identification of many of these animals is conjectural. 43. the ajivikas were a sect of ascetics in ancient india established by makkhali gosala, a contemporary of the buddha. the niganthas are the jains. 44. this inscription is found on a pillar in lumbini where the buddha was born. it was issued in 249 b.c., probably at the time of asoka's visit to the place. 45. allahabad version, date of issue not known. the words in brackets are missing due to damage on the pillar, but they can be reconstructed from the three other versions of this edict. 46. the white clothes of the lay followers rather than the yellow robe of a monk or nun.
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ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs, cbs’*’ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ənd lɪv ˈstrimɪŋ ˈsərvɪs, ɪz ˈræmpɪŋ əp ɪts ərˈɪʤənəl ˈskrɪptɪd sleɪt wɪθ ðə əv θri nu ˈsɪriz, ˈdrɑməz streɪnʤ ˈeɪnʤəl, frəm skɑt fri, ənd 1 ənd ðə fərst ˈkɑmədi ˈsɪriz, noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti, frəm wɪl ˈfɛrɪl, ˈædəm məˈkeɪ ənd ˈfəni ər daɪ. ðeɪ wɪl ʤɔɪn ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl access’*’ ˌɪˈnɔgərəl ərˈɪʤənəl ˈskrɪptɪd ˈsɪriz, ðə gʊd waɪf ˈspɪˌnɔf ðə gʊd faɪt, wɪʧ həz bɪn rɪˈnud fər ə ˈsɛkənd ˈsizən, ənd ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ stɑr trɛk: ˌdɪˈskəvri. noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti, wɪʧ ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɪriz əv ðə seɪm neɪm (ju kən wɔʧ ə ˈtizər fər ðə ərˈɪʤənəl bɪˈloʊ ðə poʊst), wɪl ˈdeɪbju fərst əv ðə θri ˈnuli pɪkt əp ˈsɪriz. ɪt wɪl ˈdeɪbju ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɛnd əv ðə jɪr, ˈɛrɪŋ bɪtˈwin ðə tu əv stɑr trɛk: ˌdɪˈskəvri. ðət wʊd brɪŋ ðə ˈnəmbər əv ərˈɪʤənəl ˈskrɪptɪd ˈsɪriz tɪ prɛˈmɪr ɔn ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ɪn 2017 tɪ θri, ðə gʊd faɪt, stɑr trɛk: ˌdɪˈskəvri ənd noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti, ɪn laɪn wɪθ cbs’*’ ˈpriviəsli əˈnaʊnst plæn tɪ lɔnʧ ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsɪriz ə jɪr. ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt wɑz meɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈsəmər prɛs tʊr. ˈsiˌbiˌɛs əˈdɪʃən əv streɪnʤ ˈeɪnʤəl, ɑr fərst ˈsɪriz beɪst ɔn ərˈɪʤənəl ˌaɪˌpi, noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti, ɑr fərst ˈkɑmədi ˈsɪriz, ənd 1 ən ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv θˈrɪlər, bɪldz ɔn ðə trɪˈmɛndəs moʊˈmɛntəm ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs həz ˈʤɛnərˌeɪtɪd ɪn ɪts fərst ˈsizən əv ərˈɪʤənəl ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ wɪθ ðə gʊd faɪt ənd ðə ˈəpˌkəmɪŋ stɑr trɛk: ˌdɪˈskəvri, sɛd mɑrk ˌdɛbɛvˈwɑz, ˈprɛzɪdənt ənd ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər əv ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˌɪnərˈæktɪv. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn, ˌdɛbɛvˈwɑz sɛd ðət ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪz tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈroʊlɪŋ out,”*,” wɪθ ərˈɪʤənəl ˈsɪriz ˈɛrɪŋ æt ˈɛni taɪm, ˈsɛpərˌeɪtɪd baɪ ə ˈkəpəl əv wiks əv breɪk æt ðə moʊst. ɪt bɪn ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd jɛt ˈwɛðər streɪnʤ ˈeɪnʤəl ənd 1 wɪl ˈdeɪbju ɪn 2018 ɛz fər ðə mɪks goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd, wi hæv ˈlərnɪd ɪz ðət ˈdrɑməz tɛnd tɪ drɔ mɔr ˈɪntəˌrɛst ənd bi mɔr ˈmɑrkətəbəl, soʊ wi wɪl bi ˈfoʊkɪst mɔr ɔn ðə ˈdrɑmə saɪd bət wi ˈɔlsoʊ wɪl bi duɪŋ comedies,”*,” ˌdɛbɛvˈwɑz sɛd. ˈkərtəsi əv ˈsiˌbiˌɛs waɪl ɪn səkˈsɛs, ðə ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈskrɪptɪd ˈsɪriz pɪkt əp tɪ deɪt kən ˈkɛri ðə ˈsərvɪs θru ənd ˈpɑsəbli ˈɪntu 2019 ər nɑt done,”*,” wɪθ ˈɔrdərz ˌdɛbɛvˈwɑz sɛd. ə jɪr əˈgoʊ, ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl ɪˈdɪʃən əv bɪg ˈbrəðər, bɪg ˈbrəðər: ˈoʊvər ðə tɔp, wɪʧ lɔnʧt ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ðə ˌriˈæləˌti series’*’ ˈsizən fəˈnæli ɔn ˈsiˌbiˌɛs. ðət ˈtaɪmɪŋ nɑt easy,”*,” ˌdɛbɛvˈwɑz ədˈmɪtəd. ðɛr ər noʊ plænz tɪ du əˈnəðər fɔl ˈsizən əv bɪg ˈbrəðər ɔn ɔl ˈækˌsɛs bət ər ˈlʊkɪŋ æt wət tɪ du nɛkst fər ðət show.”*.” ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ɔˈrɛdi ɪz ˈkloʊsli ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈbrɔdˌkæst ˈsɪriz, ˈɛrɪŋ bɪg ˈbrəðər lɪv fidz. ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈɔlsoʊ ʤɪst əˈnaʊnst ðə əˈdɪʃən əv ənd ˈstɑrtɪŋ nɛkst ˈsizən, ðə ˈsərvɪs wɪl lɪv strim ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl geɪmz. streɪnʤ ˈeɪnʤəl, ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ðə ˈstɔri əv ʤɛt prəˈpəlʃən ˈlæbrəˌtɔri ʤæk ˈpɑrsənz, wɑz ərˈɪʤənəli dɪˈvɛləpt æt ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi wɛr ɪt ədˈvænst tɪ ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ə ˈraɪtərz rum ənd prəˈdusɪŋ ˈməltəpəl skrɪpts læst jɪr fər ˈsɪriz kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən. ðoʊz skrɪpts wɪl bi juzd fər ðə ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ɔl ˈækˌsɛs ˈsɪriz ˈæftər ə dil bɪtˈwin ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ənd ˈeɪˌɛmˈsi. ˈpɑrsənz wɑz mɔrnd ɛz ə saɪəns ˈprɑdəʤi wɪn hi daɪd æt 37 ɪn 1952 bət ɪt sun wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ðət ðə ˈmævərɪk hæd bɪn ə ˌdɛvəˈti əv blæk ˈmæʤɪk. streɪnʤ ˈeɪnʤəl, ə ˈdrɑmə ˈsɪriz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ mɑrk ˈheɪmən (blæk swɔn, ðə ˈrɛsələr) ənd beɪst ɔn ʤɔrʤ bʊk əv ðə seɪm neɪm, ɪkˈsplɔrz ðə drəˈmætɪk ˌɪntərˈsɛkʃən bɪtˈwin ˈʤinjəs ənd ˈmædnəs, saɪəns ənd saɪəns ˈfɪkʃən. ðə ˈstɔri ˈfɑloʊz ðə laɪf əv ʤæk ˈpɑrsənz, ə mɪˈstɪriəs ənd ˈbrɪljənt mæn ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs, hu baɪ deɪ hɛlps bərθ ðə ɪnˈtaɪərli ənˈnoʊn ˈdɪsəplən əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈrɑkətri, ənd baɪ naɪt ɪz ə pərˈfɔrmər əv sɛks ˈmæʤɪk ˈrɪʧuəlz ənd ə dɪˈsaɪpəl tɪ ˈkraʊli. streɪnʤ ˈeɪnʤəl wɪl bi prəˈdust baɪ ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈstudiˌoʊz ɪn əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ skɑt fri pərˈdəkʃənz. mɑrk ˈheɪmən, ˈdeɪvɪd ˌdɪˈʤilioʊ, ˈrɪdli skɑt ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈdəbəlju. ˈzəkər wɪl sərv ɛz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusərz; ˈkleɪtən ˈkrugər ɛz prəˈdusər ənd ˈdeɪvɪd ˈlaʊəri (ə goʊst ˈstɔri, ˈdrægən) wɪl dɪˈrɛkt ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈproʊdus. noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti ɪz ə ˈkɑmədi ˈsɪriz frəm wɪl ˈfɛrɪl, ˈædəm məˈkeɪ ənd ˈfəni ər daɪ. ɪn wət ʃʊd bi ə haɪ steɪks stɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən, noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti ˈsɛləˌbreɪts ðə mənˈdeɪn. sɛt əˈgɛnst ðə wərld əv ə ˈmeɪʤər drəg kɑrˈtɛl bəst, ðə ˈsɪriz ˈfɑloʊz tu ˌloʊˈlɛvəl kɑps hu hæv spɛnt fɑr tu məʧ taɪm ɪn ə kɑr təˈgɛðər; tu ˈkrɪmənəlz hu ər ˈlɑrʤli kɛpt ɪn ðə dɑrk; tu dɪˈspæʧ ˈwərkərz hu ˈrɪli klɪkt; ənd tu ˈmɛksəkən hu ər ɪn weɪ tu smɔl ə speɪs kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ˈoʊnli ʤɪst mɛt. noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti wɪl bi prəˈdust baɪ ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈstudiˌoʊz ɪn əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈgɛri ˈsænʧɛz ənd ˈfəni ər daɪ ənd ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈsɪriz prəˈdust baɪ ˈʤəŋgəl ənd ˈbrɔdˌkæst baɪ stæn. wɪl ˈfɛrɪl, ˈædəm məˈkeɪ, ˈpætrɪk brammall*, trɛnt o’donnell*, ˈʤeɪsən bəroʊz ənd ʤoʊ ˈfɛrɪl wɪl sərv ɛz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusərz. 1 ə sɛt ɪn ə smɔl taʊn ɪn əˈmɛrɪkə, wɛr ə bɪl ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ hænz kəˈnɛkts ə grup əv ˈkɛrɪktərz ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ə ˈʃɑkɪŋ ˈməltəpəl ˈmərdər. ðə pæθ əv ðə ˈdɔlər bɪl, ənd pɔɪnt əv vju ɪn iʧ ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, peɪnts ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ə ˈmɑdərn əˈmɛrɪkən taʊn wɪθ dip klæs ənd ˈkəlʧərəl dɪˈvaɪdz ðət spɪl aʊt ˈɪntu ðə ˈoʊpən ɛz ðə ˈsikrɪts gɪt rɪˈvild. 1 wɪl bi prəˈdust baɪ ˈsiˌbiˌɛs ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈstudiˌoʊz ənd əˈnɑnəməs ˈkɑntɛnt. ðə ˈsɪriz ɪz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈʤeɪsən mosberg*. əˈnɑnəməs mæt wɪl sərv ɛz ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv prəˈdusər əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ælɪkˈsɑndər dauman*, ənd kreɪg ˈzoʊbəl (kəmˈplaɪəns, ðə ˈlɛfˌtoʊvərz) wɪl dɪˈrɛkt ənd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ˈproʊdus. hir ɪz ə ˈtizər ˈtreɪlər fər ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈkɑmədi ˈsɪriz noʊ ækˈtɪvɪti:
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cbs all access, cbs’ digital svod and live streaming service, is ramping up its original scripted slate with the greenlight of three new series, dramas strange angel, from scott free, and $1 and the service’s first comedy series, no activity, from will ferrell, adam mckay and funny or die. they will join cbs all access’ inaugural original scripted series, the good wife spinoff the good fight, which has been renewed for a second season, and the upcoming star trek: discovery.
no activity, which is based on the australian series of the same name (you can watch a teaser for the original below the post), will debut first of the three newly picked up series. it will debut before the end of the year, airing between the two sub-seasons of star trek: discovery.
that would bring the number of original scripted series to premiere on cbs all access in 2017 to three, the good fight, star trek: discovery and no activity, in line with cbs’ previously announced plan to launch 3-4 original series a year. the announcement was made during the cbs portion of the summer tca press tour.
cbs
”the addition of strange angel, our first series based on original ip, no activity, our first comedy series, and $1, an innovative thriller, builds on the tremendous momentum cbs all access has generated in its first season of original programming with the good fight and the upcoming star trek: discovery, said marc debevoise, president and chief operating officer of cbs interactive.
in an interview with deadline, debevoise said that “the intent is to always have something rolling out,” with original series airing at any time, separated by a couple of weeks of break at the most. it hasn’t been decided yet whether strange angel and $1 will debut in 2018.
as for the drama-comedy mix going forward, “what we have learned is that dramas tend to draw more interest and be more marketable, so we will be focused more on the drama side but we also will be doing comedies,” debevoise said.
courtesy of cbs
while in success, the cbs all access scripted series picked up to date can carry the service through 2017-18 and possibly into 2019, “we are not done,” with orders debevoise said.
a year ago, cbs all access greenlighted a special digital edition of big brother, big brother: over the top, which launched in september, shortly after the reality series’ season finale on cbs. that timing “was not easy,” debevoise admitted. there are no plans to do another fall season of big brother on all access but “we are looking at what to do next for that show.” cbs all access already is closely integrated with the broadcast series, airing big brother live feeds.
cbs all access also just announced the addition of cbsn and starting next season, the service will live stream nfl games.
strange angel, inspired by the story of jet propulsion laboratory co-founder jack parsons, was originally developed at amc where it advanced to setting up a writers room and producing multiple scripts last year for series consideration. those scripts will be used for the cbs all access series after a deal between cbs and amc. parsons was mourned as a science prodigy when he died at 37 in 1952. but it soon was discovered that the maverick rocketeer had been a devotee of black magic.
strange angel, a drama series created by mark heyman (black swan, the wrestler) and based on george pendle’s book of the same name, explores the dramatic intersection between genius and madness, science and science fiction. the story follows the life of jack parsons, a mysterious and brilliant man in 1940s los angeles, who by day helps birth the entirely unknown discipline of american rocketry, and by night is a performer of sex magic rituals and a disciple to occultist aleister crowley. strange angel will be produced by cbs television studios in association with scott free productions. mark heyman, david digilio, ridley scott and david w. zucker will serve as executive producers; clayton krueger as co-executive producer and david lowery (a ghost story, pete’s dragon) will direct and executive produce.
no activity is a comedy series from will ferrell, adam mckay and funny or die. in what should be a high stakes sting operation, no activity celebrates the mundane. set against the world of a major drug cartel bust, the series follows two low-level cops who have spent far too much time in a car together; two criminals who are largely kept in the dark; two dispatch workers who haven’t really clicked; and two mexican tunnelers who are in way too small a space considering they’ve only just met. no activity will be produced by cbs television studios in association with gary sanchez and funny or die and is based on the australian series produced by jungle and broadcast by stan. will ferrell, adam mckay, patrick brammall, trent o’donnell, jason burrows and joe farrell will serve as executive producers.
$1, a mystery/thriller set in a small rustbelt town in post-recession america, where a one-dollar bill changing hands connects a group of characters involved in a shocking multiple murder. the path of the dollar bill, and point of view in each episode, paints a picture of a modern american town with deep class and cultural divides that spill out into the open as the town’s secrets get revealed. $1 will be produced by cbs television studios and anonymous content. the series is created by jason mosberg. anonymous content’s matt deross will serve as executive producer alongside alexandre dauman, and craig zobel (compliance, the leftovers) will direct and executive produce.
here is a teaser trailer for the australian comedy series no activity:
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ufc* ˈwɪmənz ˈfaɪtər ˈhɑli hoʊm bɪˈlivz ʃiz ˈfaɪnəli ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ə gruv, sˈloʊli, bət ˈʃʊrli. ðə ˈfaɪtər ɪz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf əv ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈɛfərt əˈgɛnst ˈmɛriən rɪˈnoʊ æt faɪt naɪt 71 ɪn sæn diˈeɪgoʊ frəm læst ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈizəli ˈviə juˈnænəməs dɪˈsɪʒən. ðɪs mɑrkt ˈsɛkənd əˈpɪrəns ɪn ðə ˈɑktəˌgɑn, wən wɛr ʃi sɪz ʃiz ˈfilɪŋ mɔr ənd mɔr æt iz wɪθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. "ˌæbsəˈlutli, ɪt wɑz ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪn ə lɔt əv weɪz," ʃi toʊld ˈɛriəl ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪz ðə aʊər. "ˈɑbviəsli, ˈɛvriˌwən sɔ ðə haɪp ˌbiˈfɔr ðə fərst wən, bət aɪv sɛd ɪt ə lɔt ɔˈrɛdi. əm ʃʊr ˈpipəl ər sɪk əv ˈhirɪŋ ɪt, bət ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf əv tu ˈrɪli bɪg ˈɪnʤəriz wɑz ˈrɪli ə lɔt əv maɪ nərvz fər ðə læst faɪt. əv kɔrs, ɪt biɪŋ maɪ fərst faɪt ənd ðɛn ðeɪ bəmpt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ðə ənd ðɛn ɪt ˈkɪndə kɛpt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɪgər ənd ˈbɪgər, ðɛr wər ə lɔt əv nərvz. "fər mi, ˈpərsənəli, aɪd seɪ ə lɔt əv ɪt wɑz aɪ wɑz ˈkəmɪŋ ɔf əv ˈhævɪŋ maɪ ˈbroʊkən ɑrm ənd ˈhævɪŋ ən dɪsk ɪn maɪ nɛk. aɪ ˈhædənt fɔt sɪns ðɛn ənd ɪt ʤɪst ˈhæpənd tɪ bi ɔn ðə ˈbɪgəst steɪʤ aɪd ˈɛvər fɔt ɪn ɪn maɪ fərst faɪt ˈæftər ɔl ðɪs haɪp ənd ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən ənd ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃən. soʊ jæ, ðə fərst faɪt hæd ə lɔt mɔr nərvz bɪˈhaɪnd ɪt, bət əm ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈnərvəs fər ə faɪt," ʃi sɪz. "bət ˈdɛfənətli aɪ wɑz mɔr rɪˈlækst ənd ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ˈkəmfərtəbəl ɪn ðɛr." hoʊm bɪˈlivz ðə faɪtz ˈrɛlətɪvli sˈmɔlər ˈstæʧər ɔn ə sˈmɔlər kɑrd ˈæˌkʧuəli hɛlpt hər. wɛˈræz səm ˈfaɪtərz wɔnt ˈmæksəməm əˈtɛnʃən ənd ˈspɑˌtlaɪt, ðɪs taɪm ʃi wɑz ˈhæpi tɪ flaɪ ˈəndər ðə ˈreɪˌdɑr. "aɪ ləvd ɪt," ʃi sɪz əv ðə faɪt nɑt ˈgɪtɪŋ məʧ pəˈblɪsɪti. "ɪn l.a*. [hər ˈdeɪbju], wi wər duɪŋ ˈɪntərvˌjuz frəm 8 a.m*. tɪ 9 p.m*. səm deɪz, bɪtˈwin ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuz ənd ˈfoʊˌtoʊ ʃuts ənd ɔl ðə ˈmidiə. ðɪs wɑz, aɪ hæd θri θɪŋz ə deɪ, soʊ aɪ kʊd ˈæˌkʧuəli gɪt əp ənd goʊ fər ə rən. wi wər steɪɪŋ baɪ ðə beɪ, soʊ aɪ ʤɪst wɛnt ənd ræn baɪ ðə ˈwɔtər, ˈkɪndə hæd ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv ˈmɛntəl taɪm fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ɪt wɑz greɪt. aɪ ləvd ɪt. "ɪt wɑz ˈsænˌwɪʧt bɪtˈwin səm ˈrɪli bɪg faɪts, wɪʧ səm ˈpipəl fil ˈmeɪbi ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt gɪt ɪˈnəf əˈtɛnʃən fər ɪt, bət mi ˈpərsənəli, aɪ θɪŋk aɪ ʤɪst ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ goʊ aʊt ðɛr ənd faɪt. aɪ doʊnt ˈrɪli wɔnt tɪ du ɪt fər ɔl ðiz ˈəðər ˈrizənz. ɪt wɑz ə ˈpərˌfɪkt taɪm fər mi tɪ faɪt ənd ə ˈpərˌfɪkt weɪ ɪt ɔl pænd aʊt. aɪ ˈrɪli hæd ə gʊd wik læst wik." stɪl, waɪl ðə smuð ˈseɪlɪŋ kənˈtɪnjuz, ˈnəθɪŋ teɪks pleɪs wɪˈθaʊt səm ˈmɛʒər əv ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm. hoʊm wɑz ˈdɑmənənt, bət ðə faɪt wɑz nɑt ˈækʃən pækt. hoʊm sɪz ʃiz ðə fərst ˈpərsən tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ʃi ˈkʊdəv dən mɔr. "əm ˈhæpiər wɪθ maɪ pərˈfɔrməns ðɪs taɪm ðən læst taɪm, bət əm ə ˈlɪtəl ˈəpˌsɛt wɪθ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf fər nɑt goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsunər. aɪ θɪŋk aɪ ˈkʊdəv stɑpt hər ˈərli. pɑrt əv ɑr geɪm plæn wɑz tɪ fil hər aʊt ənd si wət ʃi wɑz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi duɪŋ. wi ˈɔlˌweɪz əˈsum ðɛr goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈkəmɪŋ traɪɪŋ tɪ ʃut ər teɪk mi daʊn ər klɪnʧ tɪ teɪk mi daʊn. "ʃi hæd ə lɔt mɔr ˈfɔrwərd ˈprɛʃər ɪn hər pæst faɪts. ɑr plæn wɑz tɪ kaɪnd əv kip hər æt ə ˈkɪkɪŋ reɪnʤ ənd goʊ wɪn aɪ ˈwɔntɪd tɪ. jɛs, ɑr geɪm plæn pænd aʊt ˈpərfəktli tɪ wət wi hæd plænd fər ɪn ðə faɪt." jɛt, hoʊm ədˈmɪts ʃi ˈwɪʃɪz ʃi hæd "pʊld ðə ˈtrɪgər ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsunər," bət ɪz ˈʤɛnərəli plizd wɪθ ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈɛfərt. ðət ˈdəzənt min, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls ɪz ɛz θrɪld. ˈkrɪtɪks əv ðə faɪt seɪ ɪt wɑz ˈbɔrɪŋ æt bɛst, pruf ʃi həz ˈnəθɪŋ fər ˈrɑndə ˈraʊsi æt wərst. hoʊm sɪz ʃiz əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈnɛgətɪv vjuz, bət kænt ˈbɑðər tɪ ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðɛm məʧ. "ˈpipəl ər ˈɔlˌweɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ˈnɛgətɪv," ʃi ˈɑrgjuz. "aɪ ˈɑnəstli fil laɪk ðə ˈpipəl ðət raɪt ˈnɛgətɪv θɪŋz ɔn tˈwɪtər, ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ənd ɔl ðət, ər ˈpipəl ðət doʊnt du ɑr ʤɑb. ɪt ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli ˈɛvər ˈbɑðər mi. aɪ doʊnt ˈrɪli kɛr. aɪ noʊ wət wɑz pʊt ɪn. aɪ noʊ wəts bɪˈhaɪnd ðə sinz. aɪ noʊ wət geɪm plæn wɑz pʊt təˈgɛðər ənd wən θɪŋ fər mi ðət ɪz ə ˈpɑzətɪv θɪŋ aɪ teɪk əˈweɪ frəm ðɪs faɪt ɪz ʃiz ˈnɛvər bɪn ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd laɪk ðət ɪn ə faɪt ˌbiˈfɔr. soʊ, aɪ teɪk ðət ɛz ə ˈpɑzətɪv θɪŋ fər ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd ɑr hɑrd wərk peɪd ɔf. "ðɛrz ə lɔt əv weɪz tɪ lʊk æt ɪt frəm ðə ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðət ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd ənd aɪ ˈrɪli doʊnt lɛt ɪt ˈbɑðər mi bɪˈkəz aɪ doʊnt wɔnt tɪ gɪt ɪn ðɛr ənd θɪŋk, 'oʊ maɪ gɑʃ, aɪv ˈrɪli ˈgɑtə ʃoʊ wət əm wərθ tɪ ɔl ðiz ˈpipəl hu ər ˈsɪtɪŋ bɪˈhaɪnd ə kəmˈpjutər ɔn tˈwɪtər.' aɪ doʊnt ˈivɪn θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðət ˌbiˈfɔr ə faɪt. aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ə ˈvɪktəri ənd wət aɪ nid tɪ du tɪ gɪt ə wɪn." hoʊm ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz hər prəˈgrɛʃən ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ʃiz ˈɪnʧɪŋ hər weɪ təˈwɔrdz ðə pleɪs wɛr ʃi wɔnts tɪ bi. ʃiz nɑt ðɛr jɛt, bət ʃiz glæd hər ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪz ˈgræʤuəl ˈrəðər ðən ˈsədən. "iʧ faɪt, aɪ ˈdɛfənətli wɔnt tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv. maɪ fərst faɪt ɪn ðə, ɪf aɪ hæd ðə bɛst ˈnɑˌkaʊt əv maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər laɪf ðət naɪt, ðət ˈwʊdəv bɪn wərs bɪˈkəz ðɛn ɪt ˈwʊdəv bɪn ə ˈlɛtˌdaʊn ˈæftər. əm glæd ðət aɪ kip ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ, əm glæd ðət aɪ kip ʃoʊɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mɔr iʧ faɪt. du aɪ wɔnt tɪ bi mɔr ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv? jɛs, bət ðæts wət kips mi ˈstraɪvɪŋ tɪ goʊ tɪ ðə ʤɪm ənd tɪ ʤɪst gɪt ɪn ðɛr ənd hæv ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd goʊ ˈfɔrwərd. "ɪts ə wərk ɪn ˈprɑˌgrɛs ənd əm ˈdɛfənətli ˈlərnɪŋ ɛz aɪ goʊ, ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɛtər ɛz aɪ goʊ," ʃi kənˈfɛsɪz. "maɪ plæn ɪz ʤɪst tɪ kip ʃoʊɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt mɔr iʧ faɪt ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ðɛl ˈmeɪbi bi ˈhæpi wɪθ ɪt, bət nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən wɪl ˈɛvər bi 100 pərˈsɛnt ˈhæpi." ɪn fækt, hoʊm pɔɪnts tɪ hər deɪz ɪn ˈbɑksɪŋ ɛz pərˈpɛrɪŋ hər fər ðɪs. ˈivɪn ɪn ðət spɔrt, ʃi sɪz, hər staɪl əv ˈmuvmənt ˈdɪdənt ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈgɑrnər ðə moʊst fæn səˈpɔrt. ɪts ˈsəmθɪŋ ʃiz juzd tɪ, jɛt stɪl bɪˈlivz ðə ˈɑrgjəmənts əˈgɛnst hər ər mɪsˈgaɪdɪd. "ˈivɪn ðə hoʊl taɪm ɪn maɪ ˈbɑksɪŋ kərɪr, aɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz hæv dən ə lɔt əv ˈfʊtˌwərk ənd ə lɔt əv ˈmuvmənt. ðæts pɑrt əv maɪ staɪl. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi həz ðɛr oʊn staɪl. ˈivɪn ɪn ˈbɑksɪŋ, ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ wʊd kɔl mi ə ˈrənər bɪˈkəz aɪ ˈwəzənt ðɛr tɪ gɪt hɪt. jɛt, aɪ wɑz ˈlændɪŋ ɔl ðə ˈpənʧɪz ənd ðət ɪz ðə hoʊl pɔɪnt əv ə ˈbɑksɪŋ faɪt, tɪ hɪt ənd nɑt gɪt hɪt," ʃi noʊts. mɔr tɪ ðə pɔɪnt, hoʊm sɪz, ɪz hər staɪl ɪz gʊd fər hər hɛlθ ənd kərɪr lɔnˈʤɛvəti. ˈbæŋɪŋ ɪt aʊt ɔn ðə fit maɪt bi fən fər ðə fænz, bət ʃi θɪŋks ɪts ə ˈtɛrəbəl weɪ tɪ goʊ θru hər prəˈfɛʃənəl kərɪr. "ˈɛvəri ˈfaɪtər həz ə ˈdɪfərənt staɪl ənd ðæts ʤɪst bɪn ə staɪl ðət wərks fər mi. aɪ fil ɪn ˈbɑksɪŋ ər, rəˈgɑrdləs əv wət aɪv dən, aɪ fil laɪk aɪv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ hæv ə gʊd, səkˈsɛsfəl kərɪr bɪˈkəz ju ˈkɪndə teɪk ə ˈgæmbəl wɪn ju goʊ ɪn ðɛr ənd ʤɪst bæŋ wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ɪt filz gʊd bɪˈkəz jʊr ˈhɪtɪŋ ðɛm. ɪt ˈɔlˌweɪz filz gʊd tɪ hɪt ðɛm, bət jʊr ˈteɪkɪŋ ʃɑts ɪn rɪˈtərn ənd aɪ fil laɪk ə lɔt əv ˈpipəl ər ʤɪst ˈwɑnɪŋ faɪt əv ðə naɪt." ənd ðət ɪz ðə ˈbɛnʧˌmɑrk hoʊm sɪz ʃi hoʊps ʃi ˈnɛvər gɪts. jɛs, ʃi wɔnts tɪ ˈdæzəl ˈɔdiənsəz. jɛs, ʃi wɔnts tɪ gɪt ˈbɛtər ənd bɪˈlivz ʃi ɪz. jɛs, ˈwɪnɪŋ goʊld ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt, bət ðɛrz ə weɪ ʃi wɔnts tɪ du ɔl əv ðoʊz θɪŋz ənd ðət minz nɑt ˈwɪnɪŋ ə ˈsərtən əˈwɔrd. "aɪ tɛl ˈpipəl ɔl ðə taɪm aɪ doʊnt ˈɛvər wɔnt faɪt əv ðə naɪt bɪˈkəz ðət minz aɪ tʊk tu ˈmɛni ʃɑts," hoʊm sɪz. "aɪ wɔnt pərˈfɔrməns əv ðə naɪt. aɪ wɔnt ˈnɑˌkaʊt əv ðə naɪt ər səbˈmɪʃən əv ðə naɪt, bət aɪ du nɑt wɔnt faɪt əv ðə naɪt bɪˈkəz ðət minz ju doʊnt ˈivɪn noʊ hu wən. ðət minz ɪts tu kloʊz tɪ tɛl. aɪ wɔnt ə ˈdɑməˌneɪtɪŋ pərˈfɔrməns. ðət ɪz mi, ˈpərsənəli."
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ufc women's bantamweight fighter holly holm believes she's finally getting into a groove, slowly, but surely. the boxer-turned-mma fighter is coming off of a successful effort against marion reneau at ufc fight night 71 in san diego from last wednesday, winning easily via unanimous decision.
this marked holm's second appearance in the octagon, one where she says she's feeling more and more at ease with everything.
"absolutely, it was a little more comfortable in a lot of ways," she told ariel helwani on monday's the mma hour. "obviously, everyone saw the hype before the first one, but i've said it a lot already. i'm sure people are sick of hearing it, but coming off of two really big injuries was really a lot of my nerves for the last fight. of course, it being my first ufc fight and then they bumped us to the co-main and then it kinda kept getting bigger and bigger, there were a lot of nerves.
"for me, personally, i'd say a lot of it was i was coming off of having my broken arm and having an herniated disc in my neck. i hadn't fought since then and it just happened to be on the biggest stage i'd ever fought in in my first ufc fight after all this hype and anticipation and expectation. so yeah, the first fight had a lot more nerves behind it, but i'm always nervous for a fight," she says. "but definitely i was more relaxed and a little more comfortable in there."
holm believes the fight's relatively smaller stature on a smaller card actually helped her. whereas some fighters want maximum attention and spotlight, this time she was happy to fly under the radar.
"i loved it," she says of the fight not getting much publicity. "in l.a. [her ufc debut], we were doing interviews from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m. some days, between the interviews and photo shoots and all the media. this was, i had three things a day, so i could actually get up and go for a run. we were staying by the bay, so i just went and ran by the water, kinda had a little bit of mental time for myself. it was great. i loved it.
"it was sandwiched between some really big fights, which some people feel maybe they didn't get enough attention for it, but me personally, i think i just really want to go out there and fight. i don't really want to do it for all these other reasons. it was a perfect time for me to fight and a perfect way it all panned out. i really had a good week last week."
still, while the smooth sailing continues, nothing takes place without some measure of criticism. holm was dominant, but the fight was not action packed. holm says she's the first person to acknowledge she could've done more.
"i'm happier with my performance this time than last time, but i'm a little upset with myself for not going forward a little sooner. i think i could've stopped her early. part of our game plan was to feel her out and see what she was going to be doing. we always assume they're going to be coming trying to shoot or take me down or clinch to take me down.
"she had a lot more forward pressure in her past fights. our plan was to kind of keep her at a kicking range and go when i wanted to. yes, our game plan panned out perfectly to what we had planned for in the fight."
yet, holm admits she wishes she had "pulled the trigger a little sooner," but is generally pleased with the overall effort.
that doesn't mean, however, everyone else is as thrilled. critics of the fight say it was boring at best, proof she has nothing for ronda rousey at worst. holm says she's aware of the negative views, but can't bother to acknowledge them much.
"people are always going to be negative," she argues. "i honestly feel like the people that write negative things on twitter, the internet and all that, are people that don't do our job. it doesn't really ever bother me. i don't really care. i know what was put in. i know what's behind the scenes. i know what game plan was put together and one thing for me that is a positive thing i take away from this fight is she's never been dominated like that in a fight before. so, i take that as a positive thing for myself and our hard work paid off.
"there's a lot of ways to look at it from the outside that a lot of people don't understand and i really don't let it bother me because i don't want to get in there and think, 'oh my gosh, i've really gotta show what i'm worth to all these people who are sitting behind a computer on twitter.' i don't even think about that before a fight. i think about a victory and what i need to do to get a win."
holm also says her progression is important. she's inching her way towards the place where she wants to be. she's not there yet, but she's glad her progress is gradual rather than sudden.
"each fight, i definitely want to improve. my first fight in the ufc, if i had the best knockout of my entire life that night, that would've been worse because then it would've been a letdown after. i'm glad that i keep improving, i'm glad that i keep showing a little bit more each fight. do i want to be more impressive? yes, but that's what keeps me striving to go to the gym and to just get in there and have confidence in myself and go forward.
"it's a work in progress and i'm definitely learning as i go, getting better as i go," she confesses. "my plan is just to keep showing a little bit more each fight and eventually they'll maybe be happy with it, but not everyone will ever be 100 percent happy."
in fact, holm points to her days in boxing as preparing her for this. even in that sport, she says, her style of movement didn't always garner the most fan support. it's something she's used to, yet still believes the arguments against her are misguided.
"even the whole time in my boxing career, i always have done a lot of footwork and a lot of movement. that's part of my style. everybody has their own style. even in boxing, sometimes they would call me a runner because i wasn't there to get hit. yet, i was landing all the punches and that is the whole point of a boxing fight, to hit and not get hit," she notes.
more to the point, holm says, is her style is good for her health and career longevity. banging it out on the feet might be fun for the fans, but she thinks it's a terrible way to go through her professional career.
"every fighter has a different style and that's just been a style that works for me. i feel in boxing or mma, regardless of what i've done, i feel like i've been able to have a good, successful career because you kinda take a gamble when you go in there and just bang with someone. sometimes it feels good because you're hitting them. it always feels good to hit them, but you're taking shots in return and i feel like a lot of people are just wanting fight of the night."
and that is the benchmark holm says she hopes she never gets. yes, she wants to dazzle audiences. yes, she wants to get better and believes she is. yes, winning ufc gold is important, but there's a way she wants to do all of those things and that means not winning a certain award.
"i tell people all the time i don't ever want fight of the night because that means i took too many shots," holm says. "i want performance of the night. i want knockout of the night or submission of the night, but i do not want fight of the night because that means you don't even know who won. that means it's too close to tell. i want a dominating performance. that is me, personally."
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ˈwɛðər ɪts ə pəˈlɪtɪkəl kæmˈpeɪn, ə ˌrɛfərˈɛndəm, ən əˈsɛsmənt əv ˈprɑˌgrɛs meɪd ɪn ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tæsk ər ˈsɪmpli ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðə ˌrɛpəˈtɪʃən əv ˈsəmθɪŋ sin ˌbiˈfɔr ɪn ɑr ˈhɪstəri, ˈgɪtɪŋ ənd ˌhaɪpərˈbɑlɪk əˈbaʊt ɪt həz bɪˈkəm ɛz ˈtidiəs ɛz ɪt ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd. ɪts ðə ˈtɛndənsi əv ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən ənd sɛnˈseɪʃən ðət ɪz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə "feɪk nuz" fəˈnɑməˌnɑn (wɪʧ maɪt ɛz ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbli bi kɔld ðə "feɪk ˈdrɑmə" fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ɛz ɪt rɪˈlaɪz əˈpɑn ðə ˈprɪnsəpəlz əv ˌstɛrioʊˈtɪpɪkəl ˈstɔriˌtɛlɪŋ mɔr ðən ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm) ənd ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl bɪˈhaɪnd ˈɪnstənt kəmˈpɛrəsənz əv ˈɛni ˈdɛməˌgɑg wɪθ ˈhɪtlər, ənd ˈɛni ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈsoʊʃəl ʧeɪnʤ ɛz ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd. ɔl ðiz fəˈnɑmənə kən ˈkərəntli bi vjud ɪn ˈlætviə ənd ðə ˈəðər ˈbɔltɪk steɪts, bət ðə nuəst ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ənˈʤəstəˌfaɪd sɛnˈseɪʃən rɪˈpitɪd ɛz fækt ɪz ðə wən baɪ wɪʧ ðə ˈbɔltɪk steɪts ər "ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd" əv ˈrəʃə. ə steɪt əv ˈtɛrər ɪz wən ɪn wɪʧ ju ˈʃɪvər wɪθ ˈæbʤɛkt fɪr, ɪn wɪʧ jʊr maɪnd ɪz mɔr əv lɛs ˌɪnˈkeɪpəbəl əv koʊˈhɪrənt θɔt ənd ɪn wɪʧ jʊr ʧif ˌɪmˈpəls ɪz tɪ rən əˈweɪ. ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðə ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz əv ðə ˈpɛnɪˌgɑnz ˈʤɛnərəl ˈreɪmənd ti ˈtɑməs ðət ðə ˈbɔltɪk steɪts ər "skɛrd tɪ dɛθ əv ˈrəʃə" ənd "ˈdɛspərɪt" fər ˈjuˈɛs ˈlidərˌʃɪp du nɑt peɪnt ə ˈvɛri ˈflætərɪŋ ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə ˈloʊkəl ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz' ˈmɑrʃəl ˈspɪrɪt. ɪt səˈʤɛsts ˈnoʊwən noʊz wət tɪ du. ɪt səˈʤɛsts ˈhɛlpləsnəs ənd ɪt səˈʤɛsts ðɛr ɪz ˈnoʊwən əˈməŋ mɔr ðən 6 ˈmɪljən ˈpipəl ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ˈɔfərɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈlidərˌʃɪp. ðɪs ɪz kwaɪt ˈpeɪtrəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ. aɪd laɪk tɪ θɪŋk ˈʤɛnərəl ˈtɑməs wɑz pərˈhæps biɪŋ səˈlɛktɪvli kˈwoʊtɪd ər ðət hi wɑz ˈsɪmpli traɪɪŋ tɪ pliz ðə ˈɪntərvˌjuər, bət səʧ ˈkɑmɛnts ˈoʊnli æd tɪ ðə ˈleɪzi əˈsəmpʃən ðət ðə ˈbɔltɪk steɪts ər dɪsˈfəŋkʃənəl ˈmɪnoʊz, əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈmænɪʤ ðɛr əˈfɛrz wɪˈθaʊt hɛlp frəm ðə bɪg bɔɪz, ˈbɛrli ril steɪts æt ɔl... ə laɪn əv θɔt wɪʧ lidz ɪn ə ˈvɛri ənˈplɛzənt ən ˈhoʊli ˌɔnˈfɛr dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. ðə ˈbɔltɪk steɪts ər nɑt "ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd" ənd ðeɪ ər nɑt "ˈdɛspərɪt". ðæts nɑt tɪ seɪ ðeɪ ər kəmˈplitli ˈkɛrˌfri ɛz fɑr ɛz ˈrəʃə goʊz. ˈhənərdz əv jɪrz əv ˈprɛsɪdənt ənd ðə kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ɪgˈzæmpəlz əv juˈkreɪn ənd ˈʤɔrʤə prəˈvaɪd mɔr ðən ɪˈnəf məˈtɪriəl tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðət ˈlɪvɪŋ nɛkst tɪ ˈrəʃə ɪz kɔz fər pərˈpɛʧuəl kənˈsərn ənd ðət ɪz ðə moʊst ˈækjərət wərd tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ðə ˈfilɪŋ hir: kənˈsərn. kənˈsərn ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈsoʊbər, ˈsɪriəs ənd ˌfəndəˈmɛnəli ˈræʃənəl. ðɪs kənˈsərn ɪz ˈnəθɪŋ nu. ɪt həz bɪn əraʊnd ˈɛvər sɪns ˈlætviə, ɛˈstoʊniə ənd ˌlɪθəˈweɪniə hæv ɪgˈzɪstəd ənd, ˈɑrgjuəbli, ˈivɪn ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ ɪgˈzɪstəd. kənˈsərnz nid tɪ bi əˈdrɛst ənd ðət ɪz wət ɪz ˈhæpənɪŋ, wɪθ ɔl θri ˈkəntriz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðɛr dɪˈfɛns ˈspɛndɪŋ, ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðə saɪz ənd ˈifɛktɪvnəs əv ðɛr ˈfɔrsɪz ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ ðɛr kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ ðɛr ˈælaɪz wɪˈθɪn ˈneɪtoʊ ʤɪst ɛz ðɛr ˈælaɪz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ðɛr kəˈmɪtmənts ɪn ðə ˈəðər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn. kənˈsərn həz ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl ɪn ˈkɑmən wɪθ "ˈtɛrər" ˈəðər ðən ən ækˈnɑlɪʤmənt ðət ə θrɛt ɪz ˈprɛzənt. kənˈsərn həz ˈivɪn lɛs ɪn ˈkɑmən wɪθ sɛnˌseɪʃənəˈlaɪzd nuz, wɪʧ ˈdəzənt ˈrɪli kɛr əˈbaʊt ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə θrɛt, ʤɪst soʊ lɔŋ ɛz ɪt kən bi juzd tɪ pleɪ ðə ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz haɪ əp ðə skeɪl. əˈgɛn, ðə kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ˌfɔrmjəˈleɪɪk ˈdrɑmə ɪz mɔr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt ðən ə kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ nuz. ðə ˈɔdiəns məst hæv ðə sɛns əv ˈtɛnʃən kræŋkt əp baɪ dɪˈgriz ənˈtɪl ðət ˈsætɪsˌfaɪɪŋ (rɛd "ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ") pɪʧ ɪz riʧt wɪn drəˈmætɪk ˈstrəkʧər ˈdɪkˌteɪts ðə ˈklaɪˌmæks ɪz ʤɪst əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər. bət ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈbɔltɪk steɪts ɪz nɑt ə ˈmɛləˌdrɑmə. ðɛr ər ˈhənərdz əv ækts, ɔl əv ðɛm ˈɪmprəˌvaɪzd ənd ðə pərˈfɔrmənsɪz ər ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju nɑt fər ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈsizən bət ɪn ˌpərpɪˈtjuɪti. ɪt əp ənd ʧuɪŋ ðə ˈsinəri ɪz nɑt rikˈwaɪərd. ɪn maɪ ɪkˈspɪriəns wən əv ðə bɛst weɪz əv siɪŋ ðɪs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈdɪfərəns bɪtˈwin ˈiˌmoʊtɪv ənd prægˈmætɪk weɪz əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks ɪz tɪ wɔʧ ˈmidiə deɪ æt ˈɛni ˈɑrmi ˈtreɪnɪŋ ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. ɪts ðə ˈmidiə (ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz) hu ər ɔl ɪkˈsaɪtɪd, ˈbəzɪŋ əraʊnd, ˈpʊtɪŋ ɔn ˈhɛlməts ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ θru skoʊps waɪl ˈstraɪkɪŋ ə poʊz. ðə ˈækʧəwəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌpərsəˈnɛl ər ˈɔlˌweɪz ə bɪt ˈrɛtɪsənt, ʃaɪ ˈivɪn. ðə ˌɪˈnɛvətəbəl kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt biɪŋ əˈfreɪd ɪn ˈbætəl ˈʤɛnərəli rɪˈsiv ə ʃrəg ənd ə ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən ɔn "ɪts maɪ ʤɑb". pərˈhæps ə dɪˈzaɪər tɪ pliz ər ən ˈæktɪv dɪˈzaɪər tɪ si wənz neɪm ɪn prɪnt (wɪʧ gɪts ðə ˈʤərnəlɪsts ʃˈrəgɪŋ ənd seɪɪŋ "ɪts maɪ ʤɑb" ɪn tərn) wɪl brɪŋ fɔrθ ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈstrɔŋgər wɪʧ maɪt bi wət ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈʤɛnərəl ˈtɑməs' keɪs. ðæts nɑt tɪ seɪ ðə wərldz əv ðə ənd ðə prəˈfɛʃənəl ˈnɛvər ˈoʊvərˌlæp. ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ə fju ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈwɔrjərz hu laɪk tɪ ækt laɪk ðeɪ ər ɑˈdɪʃənɪŋ fər ə roʊl ɪn kəˈmænˌdoʊ waɪl ðə væst məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌpərsəˈnɛl gɪt ɔn wɪθ ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ðɛr skɪl sɛts. ˈlaɪkˌwaɪz, ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi ə fju əˈfɪʃəlz hu laɪk tɪ saʊnd ɔf ɔn ˌʤioʊˈpɑlətɪks bɪtˈwin ˈsprɛdˌʃits; ðoʊ ðɛr ər ˈmɛni mɔr ˈpəblɪk ˈsərvənts hu ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ʃʊr ɪkˈwɪpmənt ɪz dɪˈlɪvərd ɔn taɪm ənd ðət ˈsoʊlʤərz gɪt fɛd ənd peɪd ɔn taɪm. ənd, ˈhoʊpfəli, ðɛr wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz bi ə fju rɪˈpɔrtərz hu stɪk tɪ ˈbeɪsɪk ˈdutiz rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ wɪˈθaʊt səˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈɛdɪtərz' dɪˈmænd fər mɔr ˈhæknid ˈiˌmoʊʃən. ɪn ɔl ˈɑnəsti aɪ fɪr fər ðə kənˈtɪnjud ɪgˈzɪstəns əv ənd ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd rɪˈpɔrtərz ˈrəðər mɔr ðən aɪ du fər ðə fˈjuʧər əv ənd ˈmoʊtəˌveɪtəd ˈsoʊlʤərz.
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whether it's a political campaign, a referendum, an assessment of progress made in an important task or simply noting the repetition of something seen before in our history, getting over-emotional and hyperbolic about it has become as tedious as it is expected.
it's the tendency of exaggeration and sensation that is behind the "fake news" phenomenon (which might as justifiably be called the "fake drama" phenomenon as it relies upon the principles of stereotypical storytelling more than journalism) and it is also the principle behind instant comparisons of any demagogue with hitler, and any process of social change as genocide.
all these phenomena can currently be viewed in latvia and the other baltic states, but the newest example of unjustified sensation repeated as fact is the one by which the baltic states are "terrified" of russia.
a state of terror is one in which you shiver with abject fear, in which your mind is more of less incapable of coherent thought and in which your chief impulse is to run away.
therefore the comments in the new york times of the pentagon's general raymond t thomas that the baltic states are "scared to death of russia" and "desperate" for us leadership do not paint a very flattering picture of the local populations' martial spirit.
it suggests no-one knows what to do. it suggests helplessness and it suggests there is no-one among more than 6 million people capable of offering independent leadership. this is quite patronizing language.
i'd like to think general thomas was perhaps being selectively quoted or that he was simply trying to please the interviewer, but such comments only add to the lazy assumption that the baltic states are dysfunctional minnows, unable to manage their affairs without help from the big boys, barely real states at all... a line of thought which leads in a very unpleasant an wholly unfair direction.
the baltic states are not "terrified" and they are not "desperate".
that's not to say they are completely carefree as far as russia goes. hundreds of years of precedent and the contemporary examples of ukraine and georgia provide more than enough material to establish that living next to russia is cause for perpetual concern - and that is the most accurate word to describe the feeling here: concern. concern is something sober, serious and fundamentally rational.
this concern is nothing new. it has been around ever since latvia, estonia and lithuania have existed and, arguably, even before they existed. concerns need to be addressed and that is what is happening, with all three countries increasing their defense spending, increasing the size and effectiveness of their forces and increasing their commitment to their allies within nato just as their allies are expected to increase their commitments in the other direction.
concern has very little in common with "terror" other than an acknowledgment that a threat is present. concern has even less in common with sensationalized news, which doesn't really care about the nature of the threat, just so long as it can be used to play the emotions high up the scale.
again, the comparison with formulaic drama is more appropriate than a comparison with news. the audience must have the sense of tension cranked up by degrees until that satisfying (read "terrifying") pitch is reached when dramatic structure dictates the climax is just around the corner.
but the history of the baltic states is not a three-act melodrama. there are hundreds of acts, all of them improvised and the performances are expected to continue not for a single season but in perpetuity. hamming it up and chewing the scenery is not required.
in my experience one of the best ways of seeing this important difference between emotive and pragmatic ways of thinking about geopolitics is to watch media day at any army training exercise. it's the media (and sometimes politicians) who are all excited, buzzing around, putting on helmets and looking through scopes while striking a pose.
the actual military personnel are always a bit reticent, shy even. the inevitable questions about being afraid in battle generally receive a shrug and a variation on "it's my job". perhaps a desire to please or an active desire to see one's name in print (which gets the journalists shrugging and saying "it's my job" in turn) will bring forth something stronger - which might be what happened in general thomas' case.
that's not to say the worlds of the thrill-seeker and the professional never overlap. there will always be a few weekend warriors who like to act like they are auditioning for a role in commando while the vast majority of military personnel get on with improving their skill sets.
likewise, there will also be a few desk-job officials who like to sound off on geopolitics between spreadsheets; though there are many more public servants who concentrate on making sure equipment is delivered on time and that soldiers get fed and paid on time.
and, hopefully, there will always be a few reporters who stick to basic duties - reporting - without succumbing to the editors' demand for more hackneyed emotion. in all honesty i fear for the continued existence of highly-trained and motivated reporters rather more than i do for the future of highly-trained and motivated soldiers.
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ˈvɪzɪt ɑr ˈgaɪˌdlaɪnz ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz ˈkɑpiˌraɪtɪd baɪ llc*, 2015 nɑt sɪns 66 ˈmɪljən jɪrz əˈgoʊ həz ðə ərθ sin səʧ ə ˈræpɪd mæs ˈɛksədəs əv ˈspiʃiz, ˈoʊnli ðɪs taɪm ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt ɪz ˈjumən kɔzd. kʊd ˈfənʤaɪ hɛlp tɪ ˈlɛsən ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðɪs ˈhɛroʊɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt? pɔl, ðə məʧ bɪˈləvəd mycologist*, ˈpoʊstɪd tɪ ðɪs ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈɑrtɪkəl ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈsaɪənsɪz wɪʧ pʊts tɪ rɛst ˈɛni rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ daʊt ðət ɑr ˈplænət ɪz ˈprɛzəntli ɪn ðə mɪst əv ɪts sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt: ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˈsaɪənsɪz: ækˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪd ˈmɑdərn ˈspiʃiz ˈlɔsɪz: ˈɛnərɪŋ ðə sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ʤərˈɑrdoʊ pɔl ɑr. ˈænθɔˌni di. ˈrɑbərt ɛm. tɑd ɛm. ðə kleɪm ðət ərθs ɪz ˈɛnərɪŋ ə sɪksθ "mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən" dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈklɪrli ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪŋ ðət ˈkɑrənt ɪkˈstɪŋʃən reɪts ər fɑr əˈbəv ðə "ˈbækˌgraʊnd" reɪts prɪˈveɪlɪŋ ɪn ðə faɪv ˈpriviəs mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ˈərliər ˈɛstəˌmeɪts əv ɪkˈstɪŋʃən reɪts hæv bɪn ˈkrɪtəˌsaɪzd fər ˈjuzɪŋ əˈsəmpʃənz ðət maɪt ˌoʊvərˈɛstəˌmeɪt ðə sɪˈvɛrɪti əv ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈkraɪsəs. wi əˈsɛs, ˈjuzɪŋ ɪkˈstrimli kənˈsərvətɪv əˈsəmpʃənz, ˈwɛðər ˈjumən ækˈtɪvɪtiz ər ˈkɔzɪŋ ə mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən. fərst, wi juz ə ˈrisənt ˈɛstəˌmeɪt əv ə ˈbækˌgraʊnd reɪt əv 2 ˈmæməl ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz pər ˈspiʃiz pər 100 jɪrz (ðət ɪz, 2), wɪʧ ɪz twaɪs ɛz haɪ ɛz ˈwaɪdli juzd ˈpriviəs ˈɛstəˌmeɪts. wi ðɛn kəmˈpɛr ðɪs reɪt wɪθ ðə ˈkɑrənt reɪt əv ˈmæməl ənd ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ɪkˈstɪŋʃənz. ðə ˈlætər ɪz kənˈsərvətɪvli loʊ bɪˈkəz ˈlɪstɪŋ ə ˈspiʃiz ɛz ɪkˈstɪŋkt rikˈwaɪərz ˈmitɪŋ ˈstrɪnʤənt kraɪˈtɪriə. ˈivɪn ˈəndər ɑr əˈsəmpʃənz, wɪʧ wʊd tɛnd tɪ ˈmɪnəˌmaɪz ˈɛvədəns əv ən ˌɪnˈsɪpiənt mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən, ðə ˈævərɪʤ reɪt əv ˈvərtəˌbreɪt ˈspiʃiz lɔs ˈoʊvər ðə læst ˈsɛnʧəri ɪz əp tɪ 114 taɪmz haɪər ðən ðə ˈbækˌgraʊnd reɪt. ˈəndər ðə 2 ˈbækˌgraʊnd reɪt, ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈspiʃiz ðət hæv gɔn ɪkˈstɪŋkt ɪn ðə læst ˈsɛnʧəri wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə ˈvərtəˌbreɪt taxon*, bɪtˈwin 800 ənd jɪrz tɪ ˌdɪsəˈpɪr. ðiz ˈɛstəˌmeɪts rɪˈvil ən ɪkˈsɛpʃənəli ˈræpɪd lɔs əv ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ˈoʊvər ðə læst fju ˈsɛnʧəriz, ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðət ə sɪksθ mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪz ɔˈrɛdi ˈəndər weɪ. əˈvərtɪŋ ə drəˈmætɪk dɪˈkeɪ əv ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ənd ðə ˈsəbsəkwənt lɔs əv ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ˈsərvɪsɪz ɪz stɪl ˈpɑsəbəl θru ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪd ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən ˈɛfərts, bət ðət ˈwɪndoʊ əv ˌɑpərˈtunəti ɪz ˈræpədli ˈkloʊzɪŋ." [ˈɛmfəsɪs ˈædɪd] sɔrs: wət ɪz juˈnik əˈbaʊt ɑr mæs ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt ɪz ðət ɪt ɪz (tərmd baɪ ˈsaɪəntɪsts defaunation*" ər ˈlɪtərəli ˈænəməl dɪˈklaɪn"), wɛˈræz ɪn ðə ərθs ˈpriviəs faɪv ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnts ðeɪ ər bɪˈlivd tɪ hæv rɪˈzəltɪd frəm ˈnæʧərəl dɪˈzæstərz səʧ ɛz ʤaɪənt ˈmitiər straɪks. ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz nɑt lɔst! ðɛr ɪz ə ˈsɪlvər ˈlaɪnɪŋ tɪ ðə fækt ðət ðə ərθs greɪt ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt ɪz: ˈneɪmli, ɪf wi kriˈeɪtɪd ðə kənˈdɪʃənz ðət ɪz ˈkɔzɪŋ ɪt ðɛn wi ʃʊd ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ðə kəˈlɛktɪv paʊər tɪ hɛlp ənˈdu æt list səm əv ðɛm. ɔl wi hæv tɪ du ɪz tɪ lʊk æt ˈmɑdərn ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈpræktɪsɪz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈfɑrmɪŋ tɛkˈniks, tɪ əbˈzərv ðə ɪkˈstɛnt æt wɪʧ wi ər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti, ɔn boʊθ ˈmaɪˌkroʊ- (maɪˈkroʊbiəl laɪf) ənd ˈmækroʊ- (ˈflɔrə ənd ˈfɔnə) ˈlɛvəlz. fər ˈɪnstəns, ɪt ɪz noʊ ˈmɪstəri ðət monoculturing*, i.e*. groʊɪŋ ˈoʊnli ə ˈvɛri səˈlɛkt ˈnəmbər əv plænts ɔn ˈmæsɪv trækts əv lænd, rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ɔl kəmˈpitɪŋ plænts ənd ˈɪnˌsɛkts ənd ˈænəməlz ðət kʊd ˈdæmɪʤ ər kənˈsum ðɛm, ɪz kənˈtrɪbjutɪŋ tɪ ðə mæs ˈɛksət əv ˈspiʃiz frəm ðɪs ˈplænət. ˈklɪrli, ðə weɪ wi ʧoʊz tɪ ˈproʊdus ənd kənˈsum fud ɪz ə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈdraɪvər ɪn ˈiðər prəˈgrɛsɪŋ ər dɪˈsɛlərˌeɪtɪŋ (ənd pərˈhæps rɪˈvərsɪŋ) ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ɪˈvɛnt wi ər ˈprɛzəntli ɪkˈspɪriənsɪŋ. ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən ɪz ðət ɪf wi ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ səˈsteɪnəbəl ˌægrɪˈkəlʧərəl ˈpræktɪsɪz (e.g*. biodynamic*-, permaculture*-, ənd ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈtruli ɔrˈgænɪkli beɪst ˈfɑrmɪŋ ˈpræktɪsɪz) wi wɪl sˈloʊli bət ˈʃʊrli ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈdɛdli kɔrs wi ər ɔn ənd ˈstɪmjəˌleɪt ðə riˈʤɛnərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈbaɪoʊsˌfɪr. pɔl ˈwɛrɪŋ hɪz ˈməʃrum hæt ˈfæbrɪˌkeɪtɪd frəm bərʧ polypore*. pɔl: lɛts sɛt ɔf ə tɪ hil ðə ˈplænət! pɔl ˈɔfərz əˈdɪʃənəl səˈʤɛsʧənz ɛz tɪ haʊ tɪ ˈmɪtəˌgeɪt ðə ɪkˈstɪŋʃən: ə fju weɪz ˈfənʤaɪ kən hɛlp ˈlɛsən ˌɪmˈpækt əv ɪkˈstɪŋʃən ˈfənʤaɪ ˌdikəmˈpoʊz dɛd məˈtɪriəl ənd rɪˈtərn ˈnutriənts tɪ ðə fud wɛb θru kriˈeɪt ənd ˈθɪkən sɔɪlz ˈfəŋgəl ˈnɛtˌwərks dɪˈstrɪbjut ˈnutriənts tɪ dɪˈvərs kəmˈjunɪtiz ˈfənʤaɪ səˈlɛkt ˈlidɪŋ tɪ ˈflɔrə groʊθ ənd ˈfɔnə səˈpɔrt ˈfənʤaɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˈmɔɪsʧər ˈkɛriɪŋ kəˈpæsɪti ˈfənʤaɪ prɪˈvɛnt ɪˈroʊʒən ˈfənʤaɪ ˈbreɪkˌdaʊn ˈtɑksənz ˈməʃrumz ər gʊd, ˈhɛlθi ˈsəbstəˌtuts fər mit ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvərsəti ˌɪnˈkrisɪz dɪˈzizɪz ər kɛpt æt beɪ ˈmaɪkroʊˌklaɪməts ər kriˈeɪtɪd pɔl kənˈkludz: "ˈfənʤaɪ hoʊld ðə ki! wi nid ə ɔn ə grænd skeɪl. wət kən ju du ˈfɔrˌmoʊst: ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ˌdikəmpəˈzɪʃən! ɛz ə fərst stɛp, gɪt lɔgz ˈrɑtɪŋ ɔn jʊr ˈprɑpərti. fər mɔr ˈɪnfoʊ: si ˈrənɪŋ: haʊ ˈməʃrumz kən hɛlp seɪv ðə wərld pɔl. ˈərθlɪŋ. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, wi ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛvriˌwən tɪ wɔʧ pɔlz əˈmeɪzɪŋ tɛd tɔk ɔn 6 weɪz ˈməʃrumz kən seɪv ðə wərld:
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not since 66 million years ago has the earth seen such a rapid mass exodus of species, only this time the extinction event is human caused. could fungi help to lessen the impact of this harrowing event?
paul stamets, the much beloved mycologist, posted to fungi.net this important article published in environmental sciences which puts to rest any remaining doubt that our planet is presently in the midst of its sixth mass extinction event:
environmental sciences: accelerated modern human–induced species losses: entering the sixth mass extinction gerardo ceballos,1 * paul r. ehrlich,2 anthony d. barnosky,3 andrés garcía,4 robert m. pringle,5 todd m. palmer6 the oft-repeated claim that earth's biota is entering a sixth "mass extinction" depends on clearly demonstrating that current extinction rates are far above the "background" rates prevailing in the five previous mass extinctions. earlier estimates of extinction rates have been criticizedr using assumptions that might overestimate the severity of the extinction crisis. we assess, using extremely conservative assumptions, whether human activities are causing a mass extinction. first, we use a recent estimate of a background rate of 2 mammal extinctions per 10,000 species per 100 years (that is, 2 e/msy), which is twice as high as widely used previous estimates. we then compare this rate with the current rate of mammal and vertebrate extinctions. the latter is conservatively low because listing a species as extinct requires meeting stringent criteria. even under our assumptions, which would tend to minimize evidence of an incipient mass extinction, the average rate of vertebrate species loss over the last century is up to 114 times higher than the background rate. under the 2 e/msy background rate, the number of species that have gone extinct in the last century would have taken, depending on the vertebrate taxon, between 800 and 10,000 years to disappear. these estimates reveal an exceptionally rapid loss of biodiversity over the last few centuries, indicating that a sixth mass extinction is already under way. averting a dramatic decay of biodiversity and the subsequent loss of ecosystem services is still possible through intensified conservation efforts, but that window of opportunity is rapidly closing." [emphasis added] source: http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/1/5/e1400253
what is unique about our present-day mass extinction event is that it is human-caused (termed by scientists "anthropoecene defaunation" or literally "human-caused animal decline"), whereas in the earth's previous five extinction events they are believed to have resulted from natural disasters such as giant meteor strikes.
everything is not lost!
there is a silver lining to the fact that the earth's 6th great extinction event is human-caused: namely, if we created the conditions that is causing it then we should also have the collective power to help undo at least some of them.
all we have to do is to look at modern agricultural practices, including gm farming techniques, to observe the extent at which we are destroying biodiversity, on both micro- (microbial life) and macro- (flora and fauna) levels.r instance, it is no mystery that monoculturing, i.e. growing only a very select number of plants on massive tracts of land, requiring the destruction of all competing plants and insects and animals that could damage or consume them, is contributing to the mass exit of species from this planet. clearly, the way we chose to produce and consumeod is a primary driver in either progressing or decelerating (and perhaps reversing) the extinction event we are presently experiencing. the implication is that if wecus on developing sustainable agricultural practices (e.g. biodynamic-, permaculture-, and otherwise truly organically based farming practices) we will slowly but surely change the deadly course we are on and stimulate the regeneration of the biosphere.
paul stamets wearing his mushroom hat fabricated from birch polypore.
paul stamets: let's set off a mycorevolution to heal the planet!
paul stamet offers additional suggestions as to how to mitigate the 6th extinction:
a few ways fungi can help lessen impact of 6x extinction fungi decompose dead material and return nutrients to theod web
through decompositionfungi create and thicken soils
fungal networks multidirectionally distribute nutrients to diverse communities
fungi select microbiomes leading to flora growth and fauna support
fungi increase moisture carrying capacity
fungi prevent erosion
fungi breakdown toxins
mushrooms are good, healthy substitutesr meat
biodiversity increases
zoonotic diseases are kept at bay
microclimates are created
paul concludes:
"fungi hold the key! we need a mycorevolution on a grand scale. what can you do ?remost: celebrate decomposition! as a first step, get logs rotting on your property.r more info: see mycelium running: how mushrooms can help save the world ~ paul stamets. earthling.
additionally, we encourage everyone to watch paul's amazing ted talk on 6 ways mushrooms can save the world:
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11 6470 ˈɑˌveɪ ˌsɪnsəˈnæti oʊ 45211 513 greɪt ˈrɛkərd stɔr. ləv ˈhævɪŋ wən soʊ kloʊz tɪ maɪ haʊs ɔn ðə wɛst saɪd! ˈsɑləd səˈlɛkʃən əv ˈrɛkərdz ənd stæf ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈfrɛndli. ˈdɛfənətli ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd tɪ ˈɛniˌwən wɪθ ə ˈrɛkərd kəˈlɛkʃən ər ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ stɑrt wən! aɪv bɪn tɪ ðə blæk ˈplæstɪk ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd wɑz ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ ɪt. faʊnd aʊt ðeɪ wər ɔn ðə wɛst saɪd ənd ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ʧɛk ðɛm aʊt. wi wɛnt ɔn ə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun. wi wər ˈgritɪd baɪ ə ˈfrɛndli ˈʤɛnəlmən ənd laɪkt ðə ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈoʊpən speɪs ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən. maɪ ˈmɪstər. ənd aɪ nu wi wər goʊɪŋ tɪ wɔk aʊt wɪθ ˈsəmθɪŋ. ðeɪ ər ˈkætəgərˌaɪzd baɪ ˈʒɑnrəz. lɔŋ ˈsɛkʃən əv juzd rɑk, smɔl ˈsɛkʃən əv ʤæz, r&b*, ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl, foʊk, ˈkəntri, ræp, ˈlætən, ˈklæsɪkəl, ənd nu rɪˈlisɪz. ðeɪ du hæv ə ˈsɛkʃən əv ˈnuli prɛst ˈvaɪnəl, ˈsɛkʃən fər ˈtiˌsərts. ðə ˈbɑtəm əv ðə ʃɛlvz ər ðə bɪnz wɪʧ wi faʊnd 6 stilz. ˈwɑnɪŋ tɪ sɛl jʊr ˈrɛkərdz? ðeɪ du ðət tu. ɪn ðə bæk ðeɪ hæv ə smɔl steɪʤ fər lɪv mˈjuzɪk. ˈoʊvərˌɔl, wi wər ˌɪmˈprɛst wɪθ ðɪs loʊˈkeɪʃən ənd wɪl bi bæk! faʊnd ə lɔt əv juzd ʤɛmz! maɪ ˈoʊnli kɑn ɪz ðət ðeɪ doʊnt hæv ə juʤ saɪn ɔn ðə ˈroʊdˌsaɪd, soʊ ju hæv tɪ lʊk fər ɪt ənd ə ˈlɪsənɪŋ ˈsteɪʃən ɪf ju wɔnt tɛst aʊt ðə ˈvaɪnəl. ɪf jʊr ə ˈvaɪnəl ˈhəntər, laɪk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, hɪrz ə ˈrɪli gʊd ˈrizən tɪ hɛd tɪ ðə wɛst saɪd. aɪ noʊ, səm ˈpipəl ləv ðə wɛst saɪd, səm ˈpipəl heɪt ɪt, bət ɪf jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ fər səm nu, ju ˈrɪli ʃʊd ʧɛk ðɪs pleɪs aʊt, rəˈgɑrdləs əv jʊr pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈɛriə. ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən ʃɛrz ə ˈbɪldɪŋ wɪθ tu ˈəðər ˈbɪznɪsɪz, bət ɪz ˈrɛlətɪvli ˈizi tɪ faɪnd, ðoʊ ɪt wʊd bi nis ɪf ðeɪ hæd ə saɪn ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ðə roʊd ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ʤɪst ɔn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ˈwɔkɪŋ ɪn, ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz ˈprɪti ˈizi tɪ faɪnd, wɪθ nu ɔn ðə lɛft ənd juzd wənz ɛz wɛl ɛz loʊdz ˈdɔlər bɪnz ɔn ðə raɪt. ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈpraɪsɪŋ ɪz ˈvɛri ˈrizənəbəl. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ə waɪd əreɪ əv ˈtiˌsərts ɪn ðə bæk nɛkst tɪ ə smɔl steɪʤ fər lɪv mˈjuzɪk. maɪ ˈleɪdi ənd aɪ keɪm tɪ səm kreɪt ˈdɪgɪŋ ɪn ə nu pleɪs ənd wi ˈdɛfənətli faʊnd səm ˈɛksələnt nu ˈtaɪtəlz. ˈivɪn ðə ˈdɔlər bɪn hɛld səm nis ʤɛmz. ˈspikɪŋ əv sɛd ˈdɔlər bɪnz, ɪf jʊr ˈlʊkɪŋ tɪ du səm ˈsɪriəs ˈdɪgɪŋ ðɛr, priˈpɛr jʊr kævz fər ə ˈwərˌkaʊt, sɪns ðɛr ər lɑts əv ðɛm, ənd ðɛr ɔn ðə flɔr bɪˈniθ ðə ˈəðər juzd. maɪ kævz wər sɔr fər ə ˈkəpəl aʊərz ˈæftər maɪ oʊn ˈhəntɪŋ, bət wɪθ ðə ˈgʊdiz aɪ faʊnd, ɪt wɑz ˈvɛri wɛl wərθ ɪt. ðɪs ɪz ˈsərtənli ə ˈvaɪnəl ʃɑp wərθ ðə trɪp. pləs ðɪs stɔr ˈdɛfənətli əˈpriʃiˌeɪts ðɛr ˌklaɪənˈtɛl ənd noʊ ðɛr mˈjuzɪk. stɑp ɔn baɪ ənd faɪnd səm ˈhɪdən ʤɛmz əv jʊr oʊn tɪ æd tɪ jʊr ˈvaɪnəl kəˈlɛkʃən. ˈfɑloʊ 'ɛm ɔn ˈæftərwərdz ənd ju maɪt ˈivɪn si jʊr oʊn ˈpɪkʧər ðɛr ˈʃoʊkeɪsɪŋ wən əv jʊr faɪndz. spɪn ðə blæk ˈsərkəl! aɪ ˈrɪli dɪsˈlaɪk wɪn ə ˈrɛkərd ʃɑp pʊts lɑrʤ ˈstɪkərz ɔn ə ˈrɛkərd ˈkəvər ər ˈəðər ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈpræktɪsɪz səʧ ɛz ˈteɪpɪŋ ˈplæstɪk slivz tɪ ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪd əv ðə ˈkəvər. blæk ˈplæstɪk dɪz boʊθ əv ðiz θɪŋz bət nɑt ˈɔlˌweɪz ɔn ðə seɪm ˈɛlˈpi. ˈəðər ðən ðiz ˈoʊnərəs ˈpræktɪsɪz ðət dɪˈfeɪs ðə ˈaɪtəm ðeɪ hoʊp tɪ sɛl, laɪk ðɪs ʃɑp wɛl. aɪ wɑz ˈrɛdi tɪ drɔp 300 ɪn ðɪs ʃɑp bət pæst ɔn ˈmɛni ðət hæd 1 ər boʊθ fɔrmz əv ˈmɑrɪŋ ənd stɪl lɛft wɪθ ʤɪst ʃaɪ əv 200 ɪn ˈɛlˈpi ˈpərʧəsɪz soʊ maɪ əˈpɪnjən ʃʊd ˈkɛri æm ə kəˈlɛktər əv ˈrɛkərdz ðət ˈhævənt bɪn mɑrd baɪ ðɛr ˈhændələrz, soʊ wəns əˈgɛn --pliz lɛt ɔf dɪˈfeɪsɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz soʊ aɪ kən kip maɪ ˈbɑtəl əv gu gɔn ɪn ˈstɔrɪʤ ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli pæs ɔn fjuər lps*. greɪt pleɪs fər ˈfaɪndɪŋ ˈrɛkərdz ju maɪt nɑt si æt ðə ˈəðər (stɪl ˈɔsəm) ˈrɛkərd stɔrz əraʊnd taʊn. ˈoʊnər stiv ɪz ə gʊd gaɪ ənd ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt ɔl kaɪnz əv mˈjuzɪk, səˈʤɛstɪŋ ˈəðər ˈɑrtɪsts wɪˈθaʊt ðə mˈjuzɪk sˈnɑbəri. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hoʊst ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ʃoʊz æt ðə stɔr tu wɪʧ ər fən. blæk ˈplæstɪk həz ˈmoʊstli juzd ˈrɛkərdz, bət ðeɪ hæv ə səˈlɛkʃən əv nu wənz mɪkst ɪn ɛz wɛl. aɪ hæv faʊnd ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv ˈlɛʤɪt faɪndz æt ðɪs pleɪs, bət nɑt ɔn ə kənˈsɪstənt ˈbeɪsɪs. əm nɑt ˈkreɪzi əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈpraɪsɪz ɔn moʊst əv ðɛr ˈrɛkərdz, ənd əm ˈrɪli nɑt ˈkreɪzi əˈbaʊt ðə ˈætəˌtudz əv ðə ˈpipəl hu ər ˈjuʒəwəli ˈwərkɪŋ hir. ðə "əm suˈpɪriər" ˈhɪpstər ˈætəˌtud, aɪ gɛs ʃʊd bi ɪkˈspɛktɪd bɪˈkəz əv ɪts loʊˈkeɪʃən. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈnɔɪz mi ənd jɛs, ðɪs meɪ sim ˈrɪli bratty*, bət aɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz aɪv bɪn ɪn ðɛr ənd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ər maɪ frɛndz wɪl laɪk ðə ˈælbəm ðeɪ ər pleɪɪŋ ənd ðɛn wɪn ju goʊ ənd æsk ðɛm hu ɪt ɪz ənd seɪ ju wɔnt tɪ baɪ ɪt ðeɪ kaɪnd əv læf æt ju ənd seɪ ɪts frəm ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl kəˈlɛkʃən. haʊ əˈbaʊt ju traɪ ənd sɛl səm ˈrɛkərdz ənd pʊt səm ɔn ðət ˈpipəl kən baɪ? ˈmeɪbi? kul. ðeɪ du hæv ˈrɪli kul ʃərt dɪˈzaɪnz ðoʊ fər ðɛr ʃɑp. aɪ wʊd baɪ wən ˈivɪn ðoʊ əm nɑt ðə ˈbɪgəst fæn əv ðɪs pleɪs ʤɪst bɪˈkəz ɪt lʊks kul. ðə steɪt əv oʊˈhaɪoʊ wɪθ ðə ʤɔɪ dɪˈvɪʒən ˈkəvər ˈrənɪŋ θru ɪt? jɛs, pliz. ðɛr ər weɪ ˈbɛtər ˈrɛkərd stɔrz əraʊnd ˌsɪnsəˈnæti, bət wɪθ ɔl ðət biɪŋ sɛd aɪ stɪl θɪŋk ðɪs pleɪs ɪz wərθ jʊr taɪm tɪ goʊ ʧɛk aʊt ɪf ju ər ə mˈjuzɪk fæn ənd ˈrɛkərd ˈləvər. ʧɪl ˈætməsˌfɪr fər crate-digging*. stivz ˈsupər nis ənd ˈnɑləʤəbəl; doʊnt mɪˈsteɪk kwaɪət ənd ˌənəˈsumɪŋ fər standoffishness*. hæv skɔrd səm ˈrɪli nis faɪndz hir. greɪt pleɪs tɪ lʊk fər pəŋk, ˈɪndi ənd ˈəndərˌgraʊnd 45s*, ɪf jʊr ˈɪntu ˈlɪmɪtɪd rɪˈlisɪz. ðeɪ hoʊst ʃoʊz ɔn əˈkeɪʒən ənd ðeɪ tɛnd tɪ hæv ə greɪt səˈlɛkʃən əv boʊθ nu ənd juzd. ˈfɑloʊ ðɛm ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ðeɪ poʊst ˈvɪdioʊz ˈɛvəri soʊ ˈɔfən ʃoʊɪŋ wəts ɪn ðə "ʤɪst əraɪvd" juzd bɪn. hæv hæd tɪ meɪk ˈsɛvərəl ˈʃɑpɪŋ ˈvɪzɪts! wɔkt ˈoʊvər ˈæftər ˈhævɪŋ lənʧ nɛkst stɔr tɪ ʧɛk ðɪs pleɪs aʊt. wət ə faɪnd! juʤ səˈlɛkʃən əv nu ənd juzd ˈrɛkərdz, əˈkrɔs ɔl ˈʒɑnrəz. ðə ˈoʊnər wɑz ˈvɛri nis, ˈnɑləʤəbəl, ənd nɑt sˈnɔˌti laɪk aɪ tɛnd tɪ faɪnd æt ə lɔt əv ˈrɛkərd stɔrz. ðə bɛst pɑrt wɑz ðɛr ˈpraɪsɪz, aɪ wɛnt streɪt tɪ ðə ˈbɑrgɪn bɪn ənd faʊnd ˈsɛvərəl greɪt ˈælbəmz fər aɪ faʊnd ˈsaɪmən ˈgreɪtəst hɪts ɪn ðət bɪn fər 3 aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ faʊnd ə greɪt ˈbɪli ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈrɛkərd fər 8 aɪ wɪl ˈdɛfənətli bi ˈstɑpɪŋ baɪ tɪ pəruz ðə ˈbɑrgɪn bɪn ˈrɛgjələrli naʊ. ɪf jʊr ɪn ðə ˈɛriə, aɪ ˌrɛkəˈmɛnd ðət ju ʧɛk ɪt aʊt, ju ˈnɛvər noʊ wət ju meɪ faɪnd. wɪn blæk ˈplæstɪk fərst ʃoʊd əp ɪn, ju kʊd hæv swɔrn ɪt wʊd ˈoʊnli bi ə pɑp əp ʃɑp, ˈoʊpən fər ə fju mənθs æt bɛst. ɪt lʊkt laɪk səm gaɪ (stiv) hæd kəm əˈkrɔs ə əv ˈvaɪnəl ənd ʤɪst ˈwɔntɪd tɪ gɪt rɪd əv ɪt. mənθs (ər həz ɪt bɪn ə hoʊl jɪr?) ˈleɪtər... nɑt ˈoʊnli ɪz blæk ˈplæstɪk stɪl ˈoʊpən fər ˈbɪznɪs, bət ɪts θˈraɪvɪŋ. wɛr ju wəns ˈnidɪd kæʃ ju kən naʊ juz jʊr ˈkrɛdɪt ər ˈdɛbɪt kɑrd. wɛr ðɛr wəns wər stæks əv ˈrɛkərdz ɔn ðə flɔr, ju naʊ hæv bɪnz əˈpɑn bɪnz əv ˈrɛkərdz tɪ sərf θru (stiv kriˈeɪtɪd ðə ˈrɛkərd bɪnz hɪmˈsɛlf). ˈfərðər, blæk ˈplæstɪk ɪz naʊ ˈhoʊldɪŋ ˈkɑnsərts ɪn ðɛr speɪs ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsɛkənd ˈsætərdiz ɪn, ənd wəts ˈbɛtər? ɪts byob*, soʊ ju kən braʊn bæg ðət waɪl ˈrɛkərd ˈʃɑpɪŋ ənd ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ greɪt mˈjuzɪk. ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈstɔri əv ə hoʊm groʊn ˈbɪznɪs ðət keɪm ɔn ðə sin ənd ʤɪst kips ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈbɛtər. ju woʊnt faɪnd məʧ 'nu ˈvaɪnəl' hir. ɪts ˈmoʊstli juzd. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, wət ju wɪl faɪnd ɪz ən ɪkˈstrimli waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv ˈʒɑnrəz ənd hɑrd tɪ faɪnd ˈrɛkərdz. ˈrisəntli, aɪv ˈnoʊtɪst ə lɔt əv ˈrɛrɪtiz ˈkəmɪŋ θru ðə dɔr, ənd waɪl jul peɪ mɔr fər ɪt, ju ˈɔlsoʊ woʊnt faɪnd ðiz ˈaɪtəmz ˈvɛri ˈmɛni ˈpleɪsɪz. ˈmoʊstli juzd ˈrɛkərdz hir, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə səˈlɛkʃən ˈɪzənt ðət greɪt. əˈlɑt əv ˈkɑmənz ðət moʊst wɪl pæs ɔn. aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈdɪdənt laɪk ðə juʤ praɪs ˈstɪkərz ðeɪ pleɪs ɔn ðə ˈkəvərz, wɪʧ lʊk laɪk ðeɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli wɪl bi təf tɪ teɪk ɔf. ɪf ju ər juzd tɪ stɔrz wɪθ əˈlɑt əv vərˈaɪəti ju meɪ bi ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd ɪn ðɪs wən. ɪf ju ʤɪst fil laɪk ˈdɪgɪŋ θru ˈrɛkərdz ɪts wərθ ə kwɪk stɑp.
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11
6470 glenway ave
cincinnati , oh 45211
(513) 258-0535
great record store. love having one so close to my house on the west side! solid selection of records and staff is always friendly. definitely recommend to anyone with a record collection or looking to start one!
i've been to the black plastic records in the otr location and was very impressed with it. found out they were on the west side and wanted to check them out. we went on a saturday afternoon. we were greeted by a friendly gentleman and liked the overall open space and organization. my mr. and i knew we were going to walk out with something. they are categorized by genres. long section of used rock, small section of jazz, r&b, international, folk, country, rap, latin, classical, and new releases. they do have a section of newly pressed vinyl, section for t-shirts. the bottom of the shelves are the 1.00 bins which we found 6 steals. wanting to sell your records? they do that too. in the back they have a small stage for live music. overall, we were impressed with this location and will be back! found a lot of used gems! my only con is that they don't have a huge sign on the roadside, so you have to look for it and a listening station if you want test out the vinyl.
if you're a cincinnati-based vinyl hunter, like myself, here's a really good reason to head to the west side. i know, some people love the west side, some people hate it, but if you're looking for some new vinyls, you really should check this place out, regardless of your position on the area. the location shares a building with two other businesses, but is relatively easy to find, though it would be nice if they had a sign posted by the road instead of just on the building. walking in, everything is pretty easy to find, with new vinyls on the left and used ones as well as loads dollar bins on the right. overall pricing is very reasonable. they also have a wide array of t-shirts in the back next to a small stage for live music. my lady and i came to fo some crate digging in a new place and we definitely found some excellent new titles. even the dollar bin held some nice gems. speaking of said dollar bins, if you're looking to do some serious digging there, prepare your calves for a workout, since there are lots of them, and they're on the floor beneath the other used vinyls. my calves were sore for a couple hours after my own hunting, but with the goodies i found, it was very well worth it. this is certainly a vinyl shop worth the trip. plus this store definitely appreciates their clientele and know their music. stop on by and find some hidden gems of your own to add to your vinyl collection. follow 'em on instagram afterwards and you might even see your own picture there showcasing one of your finds. spin the black circle!
i really dislike when a record shop puts large stickers on a record cover or other unnecessary practices such as taping plastic sleeves to the inside of the cover. black plastic does both of these things but not always on the same lp. other than these onerous practices that deface the item they hope to sell, like this northside shop well. i was ready to drop $300 in this shop but passed on many that had 1 or both forms of marring and still left with just shy of $200 in lp purchases - so my opinion should carry water--i am a collector of records that haven't been marred by their handlers, so once again --please let off defacing records so i can keep my bottle of goo gone in storage and probably pass on fewer lps.
great place for finding records you might not see at the other (still awesome) record stores around town. owner steve is a good guy and willing to talk about all kinds of music, suggesting other artists without the music snobbery. they also host a handful of shows at the store too which are fun.
black plastic has mostly used records, but they have a selection of new ones mixed in as well. i have found a handful of legit finds at this place, but not on a consistent basis. i'm not crazy about their prices on most of their records, and i'm really not crazy about the attitudes of the people who are usually working here. the "i'm superior" hipster attitude, i guess should be expected because of it's location. it also annoys me and yes, this may seem really bratty, but i don't know how many times i've been in there and myself or my friends will like the album they are playing and then when you go and ask them who it is and say you want to buy it they kind of laugh at you and say it's from their personal collection. how about you try and sell some records and put some on that people can buy? maybe? cool. they do have really cool shirt designs though for their shop. i would buy one even though i'm not the biggest fan of this place just because it looks cool. the state of ohio with the joy division cover running through it? yes, please. there are way better record stores around cincinnati, but with all that being said i still think this place is worth your time to go check out if you are a music fan and record lover.
chill atmosphere for crate-digging. steve's super nice and knowledgeable; don't mistake quiet and unassuming for standoffishness. have scored some really nice finds here. great place to look for punk, indie and underground 45s, if you're into limited releases. they host shows on occasion and they tend to have a great selection of both new and used. follow them on facebook -- they post videos every so often showing what's in the "just arrived" used bin. have had to make several drop-everything-and-go shopping visits!
walked over after having lunch next store to check this place out. what a find! huge selection of new and used records, across all genres. the owner was very nice, knowledgeable, and not snotty like i tend to find at a lot of record stores. the best part was their prices, i went straight to the bargain bin and found several great albums for $2-$3. i found simon & garfunkel's greatest hits in that bin for $3. i also found a great billie holiday record for $8. i will definitely be stopping by to peruse the bargain bin regularly now. if you're in the area, i recommend that you check it out, you never know what you may find.
when black plastic first showed up in northside, you could have sworn it would only be a pop up shop, open for a few months at best. it looked like some guy (steve) had come across a motherlode of vinyl and just wanted to get rid of it. months (or has it been a whole year?) later... not only is black plastic still open for business, but it's thriving. where you once needed cash you can now use your credit or debit card. where there once were stacks of records on the floor, you now have bins upon bins of records to surf through (steve created the record bins himself). further, black plastic is now holding concerts in their space during second saturday's in northside, and what's better? it's byob, so you can brown bag that pbr tallboy while record shopping and listening to great music. this is the classic story of a home grown business that came on the scene and just keeps getting better. you won't find much 'new vinyl' here. it's mostly used. however, what you will find is an extremely wide variety of genres and hard to find records. recently, i've noticed a lot of rarities coming through the door, and while you'll pay more for it, you also won't find these items very many places.
mostly used records here, however the selection isn't that great. alot of commons that most will pass on. i also didn't like the huge price stickers they place on the covers, which look like they probably will be tough to take off. if you are used to stores with alot of variety you may be disappointed in this one. if you just feel like digging through records it's worth a quick stop.
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ˈlʊkɪŋ fər nuz ju kən trəst? səbˈskraɪb tɪ ɑr fri ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. ðə steɪt əv ˈflɔrɪdə həz plɛʤd tɪ baɪ əp ˈʃʊgərˌkeɪn fɑrmz tɪ hɛlp rɪˈstɔr ðə floʊ əv ðə ˈɛvərˌgleɪdz. fər ə ˈbɑrgɪn ˈbɪljən, ˈjuˈɛs ˈʃʊgər wɪl rɪˈlɪŋkwɪʃ 300 skwɛr maɪəlz əv ɪts ˈhoʊldɪŋz saʊθ əv leɪk oʊˌkiˈʧoʊbi ˈoʊvər ðə nɛkst sɪks jɪrz. greɪt nuz fər ðə ˈpipəl əv ˈflɔrɪdə, ɛz wɛl ɛz fər bərdz, ˈæləˌgeɪtərz, ˈkrɑkəˌdaɪlz, ənd ˈmænəˌtiz. ðə əˈgrimənt kəmz bɪtˈwin rɪˈpəblɪkən ˈgəvərnər ˈʧɑrli krɪst ənd ˈjuˈɛs ˈʃʊgər, rɪˈpɔrts ðə maɪˈæmi ˈhɛrəld. æt list ˈpɑrʃəli ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə saʊθ ˈflɔrɪdə ˈwɔtər ˈmænɪʤmənt ˈdɪstrɪkt bɔrd ˈvoʊtɪŋ ˈsɛvən mənθs əˈgoʊ əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpræktɪs əv (pdf*) ˈdərti fɑrm ˈrəˌnɔf ˈɪntu leɪk oʊˌkiˈʧoʊbi, wɪʧ ðɛn floʊz saʊθ ˈɪntu ðə ˈɛvərˌgleɪdz. ðət voʊt wɑz ðə rɪˈzəlt əv ə 2007 kɔrt ˈvɪktəri baɪ earthjustice*, wɪn ə ˈfɛdərəl ʤəʤ ruld ðət ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd ðə klin ˈwɔtər ækt. ðə əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈʃʊgər wɪl nɑt ɛnd ðə everglades’*’ ˈtrəbəlz. əˈnəðər 500 skwɛr maɪəlz əv ˈʃʊgərˌkeɪn fɑrmz oʊnd baɪ ˈəðər ˈkəmpəˌniz rɪˈmeɪn ɪn pərˈdəkʃən. jɛt ðə dil mɑrks ə rɪˈvaɪvəl əv ðə ˈɛvərˌgleɪdz ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən ˈɛfərt, ðə ˈlɑrʤəst əv ɪts kaɪnd ɪn ðə wərld, eɪmd æt ənˈduɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkts ðət hæv bɪn ˈkɪlɪŋ ðə ˈɛvərˌgleɪdz fər ˈdɛkeɪdz. aɪ spɛnt ə lɔt əv jɪrz, jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ɪn ðə ˈɛvərˌgleɪdz ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˌdɑkjəˈmɛnəri fər ˈneɪʧər. wəns ðɪs ləʃ ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm floʊd laɪk ə ˈrɪvər, ðə ˈrɪvər əv græs. ɪf ðə ˈʃʊgər dil ɪz ˈæˌkʧuəli saɪnd ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ðə klɑk wɪl roʊl ˈbækwərdz 100 jɪrz, ˈgɪvɪŋ ˈmɛni ɪnˈdeɪnʤərd ˈspiʃiz ðə fərst hoʊp əv sərˈvaɪvəl ɪn ɛz ˈmɛni jɪrz. ˈjuˈɛs ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ˈminˌwaɪl, hæv bɪn ˈprɑməst riˈtreɪnɪŋ baɪ ðə steɪt əv ˈflɔrɪdə. ɪt ʃʊd bi ˈnoʊtɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˌɪnˈkrist floʊz ɪz lɛs klɪr fər ˈikoʊˌsɪstəmz ˈfərðər ˈdaʊnˈstrim, ɪn ˈflɔrɪdə beɪ ənd ðə ˈflɔrɪdə kiz. ðə ˈɛvərˌgleɪdz floʊ ɪz biɪŋ ˈmɑnətərd ˈmoʊstli fər ˈfɑsfərəs ˈlɛvəlz. ðə ˈsiˌwɔtər ɛnd əv ðə ˈsɪstəm nidz ˈikwəl ˈmɑnətərɪŋ fər ˈnaɪtrəʤən ˈlɛvəlz. ɪf nɑt, ɪkˈspɛkt ə ˈbɪgər dɛd zoʊn tɪ dɪˈvɛləp. ðə ˈlɛsən: wi nid tɪ klin ɔl ˈwɔtərz əv mɔr kræp. ˈʤuljə ˈwɪti ɪz ˈməðər jones’*’ ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmɛnəl ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənt, ˈlɛkʧərər, ənd 2008 ˈwɪnər əv ðə praɪz ənd ðə ʤɑn ˈbəroʊz ˈmɛdəl əˈwɔrd.
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the state of florida has pledged to buy up sugarcane farms to help restore the flow of the everglades. for a bargain $1.75 billion, us sugar will relinquish 300 square miles of its holdings south of lake okeechobee over the next six years.
great news for the people of florida, as well as for birds, alligators, crocodiles, and manatees. the agreement comes between republican governor charlie crist and us sugar, reports the miami herald. it’s at least partially the result of the south florida water management district board voting seven months ago against the practice of backpumping (pdf) dirty farm runoff into lake okeechobee, which then flows south into the everglades.
that vote was the result of a 2007 court victory by earthjustice, when a federal judge ruled that backpumping violated the clean water act.
the buy-out of us sugar will not end the everglades’ troubles. another 500 square miles of sugarcane farms owned by other companies remain in production. yet the deal marks a revival of the everglades restoration effort, the largest of its kind in the world, aimed at undoing flood-control projects that have been killing the everglades for decades.
i spent a lot of years, years ago, in the everglades making a documentary for nature. once this lush ecosystem flowed like a river, the aptly-named river of grass. if the crist-us sugar deal is actually signed in september, the clock will roll backwards 100 years, giving many endangered species the first hope of survival in as many years. us sugar’s 1,700 employees, meanwhile, have been promised retraining by the state of florida.
it should be noted, however, that the impact of increased flows is less clear for ecosystems further downstream, in florida bay and the florida keys. the everglades flow is being monitored mostly for phosphorus levels. the seawater end of the system needs equal monitoring for nitrogen levels. if not, expect a bigger dead zone to develop. the lesson: we need to clean all waters of more crap.
julia whitty is mother jones’ environmental correspondent, lecturer, and 2008 winner of the kiriyama prize and the john burroughs medal award.
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ˈdɑnəld trəmp həz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd hɪz laɪf tɪ ˈbɪldɪŋ ənd dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ðə trəmp brænd. naʊ ðət hiz bɪn ɪˈlɛktɪd ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, hi sɪz hiz nɑt soʊ ˈwərid əˈbaʊt ɪt. ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ 60 ˈmɪnəts" ɛrd fərst ˈtɛləˌvaɪzd sɪns hɪz ˈstənɪŋ ˈvɪktəri læst ənd hɪz ˈdɔtər əˈdrɛst ˈwɛðər ðeɪ bɪˈliv hɪz kæmˈpeɪn hæd hərt ðə trəmp brænd. ðɛr rɪˈspɑns: ɪf ɪt həz, ðeɪv gɑt ˈbɪgər fɪʃ tɪ fraɪ naʊ, ˈɛniˌweɪ. "aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪt ˈmætərz. ðɪs ɪz soʊ məʧ mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. ənd mɔr ˈsɪriəs. ənd, soʊ, ju noʊ, ðæts ðə ˈfoʊkɪs," sɛd trəmps ˈɛldəst ˈdɔtər wɪn æst baɪ ˈsiˌbiˌɛs' ˈlɛsli stɑl ˈwɛðər ʃi bɪˈlivd ðə kæmˈpeɪn hæd hərt ðə trəmp brænd. "aɪ θɪŋk wət ɪz traɪɪŋ tɪ seɪ, 'hu kɛrz? hu kɛrz?' ðɪs ɪz bɪg lig stəf," sɛd ðə president-elect*. kwaɪt ə ʧeɪnʤ əv tun frəm ə mæn hu həz ˈteɪkən ˈpipəl tɪ kɔrt ˈoʊvər səˈʤɛsʧənz hi meɪ nɑt bi wərθ ɛz məʧ ɛz hi sɪz hi ɪz. ˌspɛkjəˈleɪʃən həz swərld fər kwaɪt səm taɪm ðət trəmps ˌənkənˈvɛnʃənəl kæmˈpeɪn ˈtæktɪks ənd æt taɪmz dɪˈvaɪsɪv ˈrɛtərɪk ɪn ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl sfɪr wʊd ˈdæmɪʤ hɪz brænd, wɪʧ hi kleɪmz ɪz wərθ ˈəpwərd əv 3 ˈbɪljən. (fɔrbz pɛgz ɪt æt 125 ˈmɪljən.) ˈɛkspərts seɪ ðət hi həz ˈsərtənli bɪlt ə nu fæn beɪs tɪ wɪʧ hi kən ˈmɑrkɪt hɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz, ðoʊ hi meɪ hæv tərnd ɔf səm əv hɪz mɔr trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈkəstəmərz. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl reɪs, ðɛr wɑz səm ˈɛvədəns tɪ səˈʤɛst ðɪs. fʊt ˈtræfɪk tɪ hoʊˈtɛlz, kəˈsinoʊz ənd gɔlf ˈkɔrsɪz əˈpɪrd tɪ dɪˈklaɪn, ənd ˈbʊkɪŋz fər hɪz əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃənz drɑpt. ðə ˈprimiəm ɔn ˈprɑpərtiz ˈdɪsəˌpeɪtɪd, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən æˈnælɪsɪs. kənˈsumərz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪt trəmp lɛs wɪθ treɪts laɪk "ˈəpər klæs" ənd "pərˈstiʤəs" naʊ ðən ðeɪ dɪd ˌbiˈfɔr hi lɔnʧt hɪz ˈkændɪdəsi. trəmp naʊ sɪz nən əv ðoʊz ˈmætərz. ɔn ˈsənˌdiz 60 ˈmɪnəts" ˈɪntərvˌju, trəmp əˈpɪrd wɪθ hɪz waɪf ənd ˈʧɪldrən ənd spoʊk ɔn ə reɪnʤ əv ˈtɑpɪks, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ obamacare*, ðə səˈprim kɔrt ənd ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən. hi sɛd hi wɪl fɔrˈgoʊ ðə ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈsæləri ənd teɪk ʤɪst 1 ə jɪr. ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu əv ðə ˈtɑrgətɪŋ əv lɑˈtinoʊs, ˈməzlɪmz, ˈæfrɪkɑn əˈmɛrɪkənz ənd ˈəðər məˈnɔrəti grups baɪ ˈpipəl hu ˈɔlsoʊ kleɪm tɪ səˈpɔrt ɪm, hi toʊld ðɛm, "stɑp ɪt." trəmp ˈɔlsoʊ ˈprɑməst tɪ bi "ˈvɛri riˈstreɪnd" ɪn hɪz juz əv tˈwɪtər (twtr*) ðə ˈplætˌfɔrm ðət hɛlpt prəˈpɛl ɪm tɪ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənsi. "əm goʊɪŋ tɪ du ˈvɛri riˈstreɪnd, ɪf aɪ juz ɪt æt ɔl, əm goʊɪŋ tɪ du ˈvɛri riˈstreɪnd. aɪ faɪnd ɪt trɪˈmɛndəs," hi sɛd ɪn ðə ˈɪntərvˌju, wɪʧ wɑz teɪpt ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. ɔn ˈsənˌdi, hi rɪˈpitɪdli tʊk tɪ tˈwɪtər tɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. trəmp həz sɛd hi plænz tɪ pʊt hɪz ˈbɪznɪs ˈhoʊldɪŋz ˈɪntu ðə hænz əv hɪz ˈʧɪldrən ɪn wət hɪz kæmp sɪz ɪz ə "blaɪnd trəst," ðoʊ ɛz ˈmɛni hæv ˈpɔɪntɪd aʊt, səʧ ə ˈsɛˌtəp dɪz nɑt ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈkɑnstəˌtut ə blaɪnd trəst. ðə θri trəmp ˈʧɪldrən hu wɪl bi ˈrənɪŋ ðə business--ivanka*, ˈɛrɪk ənd ˈdɑnəld pɑrt əv hɪz əˈfɪʃəl trænˈzɪʃən tim. ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsənˌdiz ˈɪntərvˌju, ðeɪ sɛd ðeɪ plæn tɪ steɪ ɔn ðə ˈsaɪˌdlaɪnz əv hɪz ˈprɛzɪdənsi. "əm goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə ˈdɔtər," sɛd, ˈædɪŋ ðət ʃiz "ˈvɛri ˈpæʃənət əˈbaʊt ˈsərtən ˈɪʃuz" laɪk weɪʤ ɪkˈwɑləti, ˈʧaɪldˌkɛr, ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˌɑpərˈtunətiz fər ˈwɪmən. ʃi pʊʃt hər ˈfɑðər tɪ pʊt aʊt ə peɪd məˈtərnɪti liv plæn waɪl kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ. "wɪl bi ɪn nu jɔrk ənd wɪl teɪk kɛr əv ðə ˈbɪznɪs. aɪ θɪŋk wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ hæv ə lɔt əv fən duɪŋ ɪt. ənd wɪr goʊɪŋ tɪ meɪk ɪm ˈvɛri praʊd," sɛd trəmps sən ˈɛrɪk. trəmp ˌɪnˈsɪstɪd hi woʊnt bi peɪɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ wət hɪz kɪdz ər əp tɪ ɪn ðə bɪg ˈæpəl. "aɪ doʊnt kɛr əˈbaʊt hoʊˈtɛl ˈɑkjəpənsi. ɪts ˈpiˌnəts kəmˈpɛrd tɪ wət wɪr duɪŋ," hi sɛd.
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donald trump has dedicated his life to building and defending the trump brand. now that he's been elected president of the united states, he says he's not so worried about it.
in an interview with "60 minutes" aired sunday--his first televised sit-down since his stunning victory last week--trump and his daughter ivanka addressed whether they believe his campaign had hurt the trump brand. their response: if it has, they've got bigger fish to fry now, anyway.
"i don't think it matters. this is so much more important. and more serious. and, so, you know, that's the focus," said trump's eldest daughter when asked by cbs' lesley stahl whether she believed the campaign had hurt the trump brand.
"i think what ivanka is trying to say, 'who cares? who cares?' this is big league stuff," said the president-elect.
quite a change of tune from a man who has taken people to court over suggestions he may not be worth as much as he says he is.
speculation has swirled for quite some time that trump's unconventional campaign tactics and at times divisive rhetoric in the political sphere would damage his brand, which he claims is worth upward of $3 billion. (forbes pegs it at $125 million.)
experts say that he has certainly built a new fan base to which he can market his products and services, though he may have turned off some of his more traditional customers.
during the presidential race, there was some evidence to suggest this. foot traffic to trump-branded hotels, casinos and golf courses appeared to decline, and bookings for his accommodations dropped. the premium on trump-branded properties dissipated, according to one analysis. high-income consumers associate trump less with traits like "upper class" and "prestigious" now than they did before he launched his candidacy.
trump now says none of those matters.
on sunday's "60 minutes" interview, trump appeared with his wife and children and spoke on a range of topics, including obamacare, the supreme court and immigration. he said he will forego the $400,000 presidential salary and take just $1 a year.
on the issue of the targeting of latinos, muslims, african americans and other minority groups by people who also claim to support him, he told them, "stop it."
trump also promised to be "very restrained" in his use of twitter (twtr) , the platform that helped propel him to the presidency. "i'm going to do very restrained, if i use it at all, i'm going to do very restrained. i find it tremendous," he said in the interview, which was taped friday.
on sunday, he repeatedly took to twitter to criticize the new york times.
trump has said he plans to put his business holdings into the hands of his children in what his camp says is a "blind trust," though as many have pointed out, such a setup does not actually constitute a blind trust. the three trump children who will be running the business--ivanka, eric and donald jr.--are part of his official transition team.
during sunday's interview, they said they plan to stay on the sidelines of his presidency.
"i'm going to be a daughter," said ivanka, adding that she's "very passionate about certain issues" like wage equality, childcare, education and opportunities for women. she pushed her father to put out a paid maternity leave plan while campaigning.
"we'll be in new york and we'll take care of the business. i think we're going to have a lot of fun doing it. and we're going to make him very proud," said trump's son eric.
trump insisted he won't be paying attention to what his kids are up to in the big apple. "i don't care about hotel occupancy. it's peanuts compared to what we're doing," he said.
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ˈəpˌdeɪt: ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs həz kɔld ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən fər mʊr. ˈbreɪkɪŋ: ˈfaɪərˌbrænd ˈʤʊrɪst rɔɪ mʊr wɪnz ˌæləˈbæmə ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈrəˌnɔf fər juz. ˈsɛnɪt, dɪˈfitɪŋ ˌɪnˈkəmbənt. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs (@ˌeɪˈpi) sɛpˈtɛmbər 27 2017 mʊr wɪl feɪs ˈdɛməˌkræt dəg ʤoʊnz ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ɪˈlɛkʃən. ---ərˈɪʤənəl poʊst--- rɔɪ mʊr ɪz ðə prɑˈʤɛktəd ˈwɪnər əv ðə ˌæləˈbæmə ˈsɛnɪt ɪˈlɛkʃən, dɪˈfitɪŋ sɛn. ˈluθər streɪnʤ (r-al*). mʊr ˈɔlsoʊ wən ðə ˈɔgəst ɪˈlɛkʃən wɪθ 39 pərˈsɛnt tɪ 33 pərˈsɛnt, wɪʧ ˈtrɪgərd ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈrəˌnɔf. mʊr wɑz fərst prɑˈʤɛktəd tɪ bi ðə ˈwɪnər əˈbaʊt ən aʊər ˈæftər poʊlz kloʊzd, bət ˈmeɪʤər ˈnɛtˌwərks wər mɔr ˈkɔʃəs ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə kɔl. (ðə ˌeɪˈpi meɪd ðə kɔl ˈʃɔrtli ˌbiˈfɔr p.m*. edt*, əˈbaʊt 90 ˈmɪnəts ˈæftər poʊlz kloʊzd.) prɑˈʤɛkʃən: rɔɪ mʊr (ɑr) dɪˈfits sɛn. ˈluθər streɪnʤ (ɑr) ɪn ˈrəˌnɔf. deɪv ˈwɑsərmən (@redistrict*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 27 2017 mʊr wɪnz: waɪl aɪ hæv ˈbɔldwən ər ˈʃɛlbi, ðə rɪˈzəlts ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn ər ʃoʊɪŋ mʊr ˈpɪkɪŋ əp wət hi ðɛn səm. ʤɑn kuviˈlɔn (@winwithjmc*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 27 2017 ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋli ɪˈnəf, ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈlidərˌʃɪp fənd kənˈsidɪd ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ˌbiˈfɔr ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs meɪd ə kɔl. ˈsɛnɪt ˈlidərˌʃɪp fənd kənˈsidz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌeɪˈpi kɔlz ɪt!!!! bɛn ˈʤeɪkəbz (@bencjacobs*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 27 2017 ˈlidɪŋ əp tɪ ɪˈlɛkʃən deɪ, poʊlz ʃoʊd mʊr wɪθ ə lɛd ˈoʊvər streɪnʤ. streɪnʤ, dɪˈspaɪt ən ɛnˈdɔrsmənt baɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈdɑnəld trəmp, ˈnɛvər tʊk ɔf ɪn ðə poʊlz ɛz səˈpɔrt fər mʊr swɛld θruaʊt ðə steɪt. streɪnʤ wɑz əˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs then-sen*. ʤɛf ˈsɛʃənz, hu ɪz naʊ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl. ðɪs poʊst həz bɪn ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd.
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update: the associated press has called the election for moore.
breaking: firebrand jurist roy moore wins alabama gop primary runoff for u.s. senate, defeating trump-backed incumbent. — the associated press (@ap) september 27, 2017
moore will face democrat doug jones in the general election.
---original post---
roy moore is the projected winner of the alabama senate run-off election, defeating sen. luther strange (r-al). moore also won the august election with 39 percent to strange's 33 percent, which triggered tuesday's runoff. moore was first projected to be the winner about an hour after polls closed, but major networks were more cautious before making a call. (the ap made the call shortly before 9:30 p.m. edt, about 90 minutes after polls closed.)
projection: roy moore (r) defeats sen. luther strange (r) in #alsen gop runoff. — dave wasserman (@redistrict) september 27, 2017
moore wins: while i dont have baldwin or shelby, the results coming in are showing moore picking up what he needs...and then some. #alsen — john couvillon (@winwithjmc) september 27, 2017
interestingly enough, the senate leadership fund conceded the election before the associated press made a call.
senate leadership fund concedes before the ap calls it!!!! pic.twitter.com/2mj8dzd5yz — ben jacobs (@bencjacobs) september 27, 2017
leading up to election day, polls showed moore with a double-digit lead over strange. strange, despite an endorsement by president donald trump, never took off in the polls as support for moore swelled throughout the state. strange was appointed to replace then-sen. jeff sessions, who is now the united states attorney general.
this post has been updated.
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kennigit* ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd ɑkˈtoʊbər 2006 ˈkænədə 19375 poʊsts læst ˈɛdɪtɪd: 1 ðɪs ˈsəmər ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈʧænəl ˈkænədə ˈtrævəld tɪ ˌkɔˈriə tɪ fɪlm ˌsɛgˈmɛnts fər ðɪs ˈsizən əv ˈdeɪli ˈplænət. ˈdɛriˌoʊ ˈhæpənd tɪ bi ɪn ˈkəntri ənd ðə taɪm soʊ ɪt laɪnd əp ˈpərfəktli fər ə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wi hæd bɪn ˈplænɪŋ wɪθ ðɛm! (jul hæv tɪ ɪkˈskjuz ðə fju klɪps waɪl hiz pleɪɪŋ. ˈhɑliˌwʊd (tərˈɑntoʊ) ˈɛdɪtɪŋ blɑ blɑ) tərn ɔf əv ɪt woʊnt wərk ˈɛdət: simz ɪt ɪz ˈriʤən lɑkt ɪn ˈjʊrəp. ˈhoʊpfəli ˈsəmˌwən ɪz nis ənd gɪts ən ˈɔltərˌneɪt sɔrs... ðɪs ˈsəmər ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈʧænəl ˈkænədə ˈtrævəld tɪ ˌkɔˈriə tɪ fɪlm ˌsɛgˈmɛnts fər ðɪs ˈsizən əv ˈdeɪli ˈplænət. ˈdɛriˌoʊ ˈhæpənd tɪ bi ɪn ˈkəntri ənd ðə taɪm soʊ ɪt laɪnd əp ˈpərfəktli fər ə ˌsɛgˈmɛnt wi hæd bɪn ˈplænɪŋ wɪθ hæv tɪ ɪkˈskjuz ðə fju klɪps waɪl hiz pleɪɪŋ. ˈhɑliˌwʊd (tərˈɑntoʊ) ˈɛdɪtɪŋ blɑ blah)edit*: simz ɪt ɪz ˈriʤən lɑkt ɪn ˈjʊrəp. ˈhoʊpfəli ˈsəmˌwən ɪz nis ənd gɪts ən ˈɔltərˌneɪt sɔrs... ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd noʊˈvɛmbər 2011 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 2717 poʊsts 2 ðɪs ˈjuˈɛs ˈɔsəm :di tim ˈlɪkwɪd, ɪm, ˈvaɪəlɪt! ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd mɑrʧ 2011 fræns 1027 poʊsts læst ˈɛdɪtɪd: 3 bət gʊd stəf, θæŋks fər ðə ˈɪnfoʊ aɪ wɪʃ hi hæd kɛpt ðə bɪrd fər gʊd stəf, θæŋks fər ðə ˈɪnfoʊ ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ˈɔgəst 2011 ˌɑrʤənˈtinə 43 poʊsts 4 kænt ˈrɪli wɔʧ ɪt ənd aɪv tərnd maɪ ɔf ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd mɑrʧ 2011 ˈʧɑrli ʃinz haʊs 41178 poʊsts læst ˈɛdɪtɪd: 5 (aɪ hæv ɔf, ənd ɪt lɛt mi wɔʧ ðə advert*, bət ðɛn ˈnəθɪŋ) ˈdəzənt wərk fər mi ɪn ðə hæv ɔf, ənd ɪt lɛt mi wɔʧ ðə advert*, bət ðɛn ˈnəθɪŋ) ˈmɑdərˌeɪtər tim ˈlɪkwɪd ˈfʊtˌbɔl θrɛd ˈguˌru! ˈʧɛlsi ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd mɑrʧ 2011 ˈkænədə 726 poʊsts 6 simz ˈrɪli ɪgˈzæʤərˌeɪtɪd bət ðæts ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən fər ju ʃɪt æt ˈfaɪtɪŋ geɪmz ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ɑkˈtoʊbər 2011 ˈnɔrˌweɪ 31 poʊsts 7 aɪ doʊnt ˈivɪn hæv, ənd ðə ˈvɪdioʊ woʊnt stɑrt :ɛs bɪˈkəz aɪ kən. ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ʤun 2012 ˈʤərməni 770 poʊsts 8 æt list ðə kəˈmərʃəlz ər ˈrənɪŋ... lɔl. dɪˈkeɪ ɪz bæd, m'kay*? ˈpərsɪnəl ˈhɪroʊ: ˈkɪlbi ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ˈɔgəst 2010 ˈfɪnˌlænd 1068 poʊsts 9 aɪ bɪˈliv ˌdɪˈskəvri ˈvɪdioʊz ər ˈriʤən lɑkt soʊ ðət ˈpipəl ˈaʊtˈsaɪd nɑ ˈkænɑt vju ðɛm. aɪ ˈlərnɪd ðɪs ə lɔŋ taɪm əˈgoʊ wɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ vju klɪps. ˈprɑbəˌbli nɑt ə ˈvɛri gʊd dɪˈsɪʒən baɪ ðɛm. ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd dɪˈsɛmbər 2010 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 50 poʊsts 10 ðæts hɪˈlɛriəs, ðə ˈrisərʧərz ərˈɪʤənəli kʊd nɑt ˈivɪn ˈfæðəm ˈsəmˌwən pleɪɪŋ ɛz ˈbædli ɛz ðə rɪˈpɔrtər! aɪ ˈwəndər wət pleɪər pul ðɛr drɔɪŋ frəm. "...ɪf waɪl jʊr pleɪɪŋ ˈheɪloʊ, ju du səm ˈʤinjəs muv ənd ðɛn ju ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət ðə ˈmaɪkrəˌweɪv ɪz əˈbaʊt tɪ goʊ ɔf ɪn tu ˈsɛkəndz soʊ ju hæv ðət ˈpərˌfɪkt ˈtaɪmɪŋ, ðɛn æt ðə seɪm taɪm ju, laɪk, ˈfɪgjər aʊt haʊ tɪ du ðə..." ~ˈtaɪlər "nony*" ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd meɪ 2011 ˈkænədə 7051 poʊsts 11 ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən æt ɪts ˈfaɪnəst... aɪ læft wɪn ðə rɪˈpɔrtər broʊk ðə skrɪpt. ɪts jʊr fərst taɪm pleɪɪŋ ˈwətɪd ju ɪkˈspɛkt? ðə ˈsaɪəntɪst meɪd ɪt saʊnd laɪk ðə rɪˈpɔrtər ɪz ˈhændiˌkæpt. bæd ˈvɪdioʊ. gʊd fər ənd. ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ˈɔgəst 2011 fræns 1004 poʊsts 12 seɪm hir. tərn ɔf ðə, gɪt ðə æd, ənd ðɛn ˈnəθɪŋ. (aɪ æm ɪn fræns) ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd meɪ 2011 ˈʤərməni 75 poʊsts 13 ˈfəni ˈoʊnli sæd θɪŋ ˈprɑbəˌbli ɔl 50000 ˈbɪljən fænz klɪk ðət ˈbətən seɪm taɪm ənd ˌdɪˈskəvri kænt ˈhændəl ɪt fər dɪsˈmeɪ ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2011 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 1176 poʊsts 14 ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 05 2012 roʊt: ðæts hɪˈlɛriəs, ðə ˈrisərʧərz ərˈɪʤənəli kʊd nɑt ˈivɪn ˈfæðəm ˈsəmˌwən pleɪɪŋ ɛz ˈbædli ɛz ðə rɪˈpɔrtər! aɪ ˈwəndər wət pleɪər pul ðɛr drɔɪŋ frəm. ɪf ðɛr ðə seɪm ˈrisərʧərz əm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv ðɛrz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə θrɛd hir ˈsəmˌwɛr. ðət wɑz nit ðoʊ. ɪt riˈmaɪndz mi əv wɪn maɪ ˈbrəðər fərst pleɪd. ɪf ðɛr ðə seɪm ˈrisərʧərz əm ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əv ðɛrz ˈæˌkʧuəli ə θrɛd hir wɑz nit ðoʊ. ɪt riˈmaɪndz mi əv wɪn maɪ ˈbrəðər fərst pleɪd. ɪn ˈɛvəri eɪʤ, ɪn ˈɛvəri pleɪs, ðə didz əv mɛn rɪˈmeɪn ðə seɪm. ˈmɑmboʊ ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2012 ˈdɛnˌmɑrk 1200 poʊsts 15 wərk fər mi. aɪ gɑt 2 kəˈmərʃəlz ənd ðɛn ɪt sɛd ˈɛrər ˈbɑksər ˈgrəbi ˈbəni (ˈdeɪnɪʃ) ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ˈeɪprəl 2010 ˈkænədə 3488 poʊsts 16 woʊ ðɪs ɪz ˈprɪti kul. aɪl ˈdɛfənətli ʧɛk ɪt aʊt-- wɪʃ aɪ kɔt ɪt ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ðoʊ. ˈɔlˌweɪz. ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2012 ˈkænədə 910 poʊsts 17 ˈkɪndə kul riˈmaɪndz mi fərst taɪm aɪ sɔ hænz muv ənd ðoʊ ɪz ðɪs. ˈproʊˌfaɪl blɔg ʤɔɪnd ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2010 ˈʤərməni 7392 poʊsts 18 ɔn dɪˈsɛmbər 05 2012 roʊt: ˈfəni ˈoʊnli sæd θɪŋ ˈprɑbəˌbli ɔl 50000 ˈbɪljən fænz klɪk ðət ˈbətən seɪm taɪm ənd ˌdɪˈskəvri kænt ˈhændəl ɪt jæ, aɪ θɪŋk wi ʤɪst krəʃt ɪt. jæ, aɪ θɪŋk wi ʤɪst krəʃt ɪt. ʤɪst əˈhɛd əv taɪm, noʊ jʊr nɑt ə kraɪm. ɪts ʤɪst ə sˈmɔlər pɑrt əv hu ju wɔnt tɪ bɪˈkəm ɪn ðə ɛnd. ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd sɛpˈtɛmbər 2011 juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts 389 poʊsts 19 aɪ wɑz ˈwəndərɪŋ waɪ ðeɪ pʊt ʃɑts əv ˈhɪroʊ ˈvərsəz ˈpumə ənd ˈivɪn zenio*, wɪn əm ʃʊr ˈdɛriˌoʊ həz lɑts əv ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ riˈpleɪz hi kʊd hæv pʊld əp fər ðə ˈkæmərəz... oʊ wɛl ˈdɛriˌoʊ! greɪt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən spɑt ðət wɑz ˈprɪti ˈfəni, ɪt simd laɪk ðə rɪˈzəlts fər ˈlərnɪŋ ˈkɑgnɪtɪv ˌɛkspərˈtiz wər ˈprɪti leɪm ənd ɪkˈstrimli ˈɑbviəs bət aɪ kænt kəmˈpleɪn ðət aɪ gɪt tɪ si ənd ɔn wɑz ˈwəndərɪŋ waɪ ðeɪ pʊt ʃɑts əv ˈhɪroʊ ˈvərsəz ˈpumə ənd ˈivɪn zenio*, wɪn əm ʃʊr ˈdɛriˌoʊ həz lɑts əv ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ riˈpleɪz hi kʊd hæv pʊld əp fər ðə ˈkæmərəz... oʊ ˈdɛriˌoʊ! greɪt ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən spɑt ˈproʊˌfaɪl ʤɔɪnd mɑrʧ 2012 ˈdɛnˌmɑrk 138 poʊsts 20 dɪz ˈɛniˌwən hæv ˈɔltərˌneɪt lɪŋks tɪ ðə ˈvɪdioʊ? ɪt ʃoʊz mi 2 ædz ðɛn gɪvz mi ən ˈɛrər. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 nɛkst ɔl
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kennigit profile blog joined october 2006 canada 19375 posts last edited: 2012-12-05 16:55:28 #1
this summer discovery channel canada traveled to korea to film segments for this season of daily planet. dario happened to be in country and the time so it lined up perfectly for a segment we had been planning with them!
(you'll have to excuse the few hero/puma clips while he's playing. hollywood (toronto) editing blah blah)
turn off adblock of it wont work
edit: seems it is region locked in europe. hopefully someone is nice and gets an alternate source... this summer discovery channel canada traveled to korea to film segments for this season of daily planet. dario happened to be in country and the time so it lined up perfectly for a segment we had been planning with them!(you'll have to excuse the few hero/puma clips while he's playing. hollywood (toronto) editing blah blah)edit: seems it is region locked in europe. hopefully someone is nice and gets an alternate source...
alryk profile blog joined november 2011 united states 2717 posts #2 this us awesome :d team liquid, im, violet!
nyarly profile blog joined march 2011 france 1027 posts last edited: 2012-12-04 17:11:57 #3
but good stuff, thanks for the info ! i wish he had kept the beard for thisbut good stuff, thanks for the info !
decotta profile joined august 2011 argentina 43 posts #4 can't really watch it and i've turned my adblock off :/
pandemona profile blog joined march 2011 charlie sheens house 41178 posts last edited: 2012-12-04 17:17:27 #5
(i have adblock off, and it let me watch the advert, but then nothing) doesn't work for me in the uk(i have adblock off, and it let me watch the advert, but then nothing) moderator team liquid football thread guru! - chelsea fc ♥
ptrpb profile joined march 2011 canada 726 posts #6 seems really exaggerated but that's tv for you mbaacc | sg | shit at fighting games
nanosc profile joined october 2011 norway 31 posts #7 i don't even have adblock, and the video won't start :s - because i can.
yrr profile joined june 2012 germany 770 posts #8 at least the commercials are running... lol. mmr decay is bad, m'kay? | personal hero: terranhwaiting
kilby profile joined august 2010 finland 1068 posts #9 i believe discovery videos are region locked so that people outside na cannot view them. i learned this a long time ago when trying to view mythbusters clips. probably not a very good decision by them.
twoxmachine profile blog joined december 2010 united states 50 posts #10 that's hilarious, the researchers originally could not even fathom someone playing as badly as the reporter! i wonder what player pool they're drawing from. "...if while you're playing halo, you do some genius move and then you realize that the microwave is about to go off in two seconds so you have that perfect timing, then at the same time you, like, figure out how to do the..." ~tyler "nony" wasieleski
geokilla profile joined may 2011 canada 7051 posts #11 exaggeration at its finest... i laughed when the reporter broke the script. it's your first time playing sc2. what'd you expect? the scientist made it sound like the reporter is handicapped. bad video. good for sc2 and tlo.
pixelnite profile joined august 2011 france 1004 posts #12 same here. turn off the adblock, get the ad, and then nothing. (i am in france)
eqinf profile joined may 2011 germany 75 posts #13 funny ,
only sad thing
probably all 50000 billion esport fans klick that button same time and discovery cant handle it -.- mvp for bonjwa
dismay profile blog joined february 2011 united states 1176 posts #14 on december 05 2012 02:20 twoxmachine wrote:
that's hilarious, the researchers originally could not even fathom someone playing as badly as the reporter! i wonder what player pool they're drawing from.
if they're the same researchers i'm thinking of there's actually a thread here somewhere.
that was neat though. it reminds me of when my brother first played. if they're the same researchers i'm thinking of there's actually a thread here somewhere.that was neat though. it reminds me of when my brother first played. in every age, in every place, the deeds of men remain the same.
mambo profile joined february 2012 denmark 1200 posts #15 doesnt work for me. i got 2 commercials and then it said error boxer | mvp | taeja | tlo | grubby | bunny (danish)
rinrun profile joined april 2010 canada 3488 posts #16 whoa this is pretty cool. i'll definitely check it out-- wish i caught it on tv though. mbc/liquid/tsm always.
archangeljada profile joined january 2012 canada 910 posts #17 kinda cool reminds me first time i saw losira hands move and though wtf is this.
yello profile blog joined july 2010 germany 7392 posts #18 on december 05 2012 02:23 eqinf wrote:
funny ,
only sad thing
probably all 50000 billion esport fans klick that button same time and discovery cant handle it -.-
yeah, i think we just crushed it. yeah, i think we just crushed it. just ahead of time, know your addiction's not a crime. it's just a smaller part of who you want to become in the end.
theflock profile joined september 2011 united states 389 posts #19
i was wondering why they put shots of hero vs puma and even zenio, when i'm sure dario has lots of exciting replays he could have pulled up for the cameras... oh well
gg wp dario! great tv spot haha that was pretty funny, it seemed like the results for learning cognitive expertise were pretty lame and extremely obvious but i can't complain that i get to see tlo and sc2 on discoveryi was wondering why they put shots of hero vs puma and even zenio, when i'm sure dario has lots of exciting replays he could have pulled up for the cameras... oh wellgg wp dario! great tv spot maru | demuslim | tlo
tehcaekftw profile joined march 2012 denmark 138 posts #20 does anyone have alternate links to the video? it shows me 2 ads then gives me an error.
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mɛn ˈstɑrtɪd ˈjuzɪŋ ˈmɛtəl bleɪdz tɪ ʃeɪv ðɛr ˈfeɪsɪz əraʊnd wɪn ˈkɑpər bɪˈkeɪm ðə ˈmidiəm əv ʧɔɪs fər ɔl θɪŋz juˌtɪləˈtɛriən. sɪns ðɛn, ˈʃeɪvɪŋ həz ədˈvænst tɪ ɪˈlɛktrɪk ˈreɪzərz ðət klin ənd ˈlubrɪˌkeɪt ðɛmˈsɛlvz, kul jʊr skɪn, pleɪ ˈsætəˌlaɪt ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ənd ðət sun wɪl (ɑˈstɛnsəbli) ˈəpˌdeɪt jʊr tˈwɪtər fid. waɪl swɛl ðət ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs həz bɪˈkəm mɔr ˈɔtəˌmeɪtɪd, ðə ɛnd goʊl ɪz ˈəltəmətli ðə seɪm: gɪt ðə dæm hɛr ɔf jʊr feɪs. wɪθ ðət ɪn maɪnd, ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ bi sɛd fər ðə sɪmˈplɪsɪti əv ə streɪt ˈreɪzər ʃeɪv. ɪn spaɪt əv ɔl ðə ˈgæʤəts əˈveɪləbəl tɪ ðə mɪˈlɛniəl mæn, ðə streɪt ˈreɪzər ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz ˈstrɔŋgər naʊ ðən ˈɛvər bɪn; ˈivɪn bɑnd juzd wən ɪn skyfall*. ɪt meɪ ˌɪnˈvɑlv ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt əv bləd æt fərst ənd ə fju ˈɛkstrə ˈmɪnəts əv wərk, bət ˈjuzɪŋ ə streɪt ˈreɪzər meɪks fər ə kloʊz ʃeɪv ənd ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ə ruˈtin ðət filz ˈtaɪmləs ənd ɪmˈpaʊərɪŋ. ɪf ˈrɛdi tɪ stɛp əp jʊr ʃeɪv geɪm, hir ər ðə tɔp faɪv streɪt bleɪdz ju ɔt tɪ kənˈsɪdər. əˈdɪʃənəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz baɪ ʤɑn ˈzintɪk. ðə ˈʤərmən ˈklæsɪk bleɪd bɛst streɪt ˈreɪzər fər ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈʃeɪvər: ɪn tərmz əv streɪt ˈʃeɪvɪŋ, ɪz wət wi wʊd kɔl ə ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld neɪm. ˈfaʊndɪd ɪn 1906 ɪn ˈsɑlɪŋgɛn, ˈʤərməni, prəˈdust ˈoʊnli streɪt ˈreɪzərz ənˈtɪl ðə wɪn ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ bɪˈgæn prəˈdusɪŋ ˈsɪzərz, ˈklɪpərz ənd ˈəðər faɪn ˈgrumɪŋ tulz. waɪl ðeɪ hæv prəˈdust streɪt bleɪdz fər ˈoʊvər 100 jɪrz, ˈoʊnli ɪn ðə pæst tu jɪrz ðət həz ˌriɪˈstæblɪʃt ˈʃeɪvɪŋ ɛz ðə ˈdraɪvɪŋ fɔrs bɪˈhaɪnd pərˈdəkʃən ənd ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ. ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr bleɪd, ðə ˈʤərmən ˈklæsɪk, ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt bleɪd fər ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ ˈʃeɪvər ər ðə ˈfrikˌwɛnt ˈtrævələr. ðə skeɪlz ər ˈrɛzɪn, wɪʧ rikˈwaɪərz noʊ ril ˈmeɪntənəns; ðə bleɪd ɪz stil; ənd nɑt fərˈgɛt ðət meɪd ɪn ˈʤərməni, wɪʧ minz meɪd tɪ læst. hɑrt stil skwɛr pɔɪnt bɛst streɪt ˈreɪzər fər ðə mæn: ɪn 2009 hɑrt stil wɑz fɔrmd wɪθ ðə ˈædmərəbəl goʊl əv ˈbrɪŋɪŋ streɪt ˈreɪzər pərˈdəkʃən bæk tɪ ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. təˈdeɪ hɑrt ɪz wən əv ðə ˈlidɪŋ streɪt ˈreɪzər prəˈdusərz ɪn ðə wərld, bət meɪnˈteɪnd ðɛr ˈlɔfti kˈwɑləti ˈstændərd. iʧ bleɪd ɪz hænd ˈkræftɪd baɪ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɑrtəzən ˈjuzɪŋ stil; ðə bleɪdz ər hit ˈtritɪd ənd ðɛn ˈfroʊzən ɪn ˈlɪkwɪd ˈnaɪtrəʤən soʊ ɛz tɪ meɪnˈteɪn stəˈbɪlɪti ənd lɔnˈʤɛvəti ˌbiˈfɔr stæmpt wɪθ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl, ənd stropped*. fil laɪk jʊr bleɪd ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ dəl? hɑrt wɪl hoʊn ənd jʊr ˈreɪzər fər tˈwɛnti bəks tɪ gɪt ɪt bæk tɪ ˈfæktəri ˈʃɑrpnəs. ˈreɪzər bɛst streɪt ˈreɪzər fər ðə ˈdændi: ɪz wən əv ðə tɔp tu moʊst ˈhaɪli rɪˈgɑrdɪd ˈreɪzər ˈkəmpəˌniz ɪn ðə wərld (ðə ˈəðər biɪŋ). piɛr ˈfaʊndɪd wɑz hɪz læst neɪm) ɪn 1884 ˈæftər ˈstədiɪŋ ðə ɑrt əv bleɪd ˈmeɪkɪŋ sɪns ðə raɪp oʊld eɪʤ əv tɛn; ˈhænˈmeɪd streɪt ˈreɪzərz ənˈtɪl hɪz dɛθ ɪn 1929 ənd sɛd ðət hi ˈæˌkʧuəli daɪd waɪl ˈwərkɪŋ. tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈsɪŋgjələr ˈpərpəs. təˈdeɪ, kənˈtɪnjuz ðə ˈhænˈmeɪd trəˈdɪʃən ˈbeɪgən baɪ ɪts ˈfaʊndər baɪ ˈjuzɪŋ ðə ˈtəfəst ˈkɑrbən stil frəm ˈɪŋglənd ənd ˈdɛkərˌeɪtɪŋ iʧ bleɪd baɪ hænd. iʧ bleɪd ɪz dɪpt ˈɪntu ˈmoʊltən lɛd æt ˈoʊvər dɪˈgriz ˈfɛrənˌhaɪt fər ˈmæksəməm strɛŋθ, ənd kˈwɑləti ˈstændərdz ər soʊ haɪ ðət ðeɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈriʤɛkt 25 pərˈsɛnt əv ðɛr bleɪdz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə pərˈdəkʃən ˈprɔˌsɛs. wi laɪk ðə ˈmɑdəl bɪˈkəz ðə skeɪlz hæv ə ˈhænsəm greɪn ənd ðə bleɪd feɪs həz goʊld ˈɛʧɪŋ. ˈwækər oʊld ˈʃɛfild streɪt ˈreɪzər bɛst streɪt ˈreɪzər fər ðə ˌkɑnəˈsər: ˈwækər ɪz ə ˈreɪzər ˈkəmpəˌni frəm ˈsɑlɪŋgɛn, ˈʤərməni ðət ˈɔfərz ə waɪd vərˈaɪəti əv trəˈdɪʃənəli meɪd ˈreɪzərz. iʧ ˈreɪzər ɪz ˈkræftɪd baɪ ə ˈwərkər wɪθ ˈoʊvər 50 jɪrz əv prəˈfɛʃənəl ɪkˈspɪriəns, ənd teɪks ˈoʊvər 70 stɛps tɪ meɪk. ðə oʊld ˈʃɛfild ˈjuzɪz ə blæŋk ðət ɪz ˈoʊvər θri ˈdɛkeɪdz oʊld, ənd ðə skeɪlz ər meɪd əv ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn ˈbəfəˌloʊ hɔrn. carbon’*’ streɪt ˈreɪzər bɛst streɪt ˈreɪzər fər ðə əbˈsərdɪst: ʃʊr, ˈspɛndɪŋ ˈoʊvər tu grænd ɔn ə ˈreɪzər ɪz ˈprɪti əbˈsərd, bət ʧɛk ɪt aʊt. ɪts ˈhændəl ɪz meɪd frəm ʧɑpt ˈkɑrbən ˈfaɪbərz ðət ər fɔrʤd ˈjuzɪŋ ə stil moʊld. ðə bleɪd ˈfiʧərz ə ˈkɑnkeɪv grind,”*,” hænd wərkt baɪ ˈʤoʊzəf boʊən, ənd ə ˈrɪktər ˈfəŋkʃənəl roʊz goʊld ˈkələr ˈkoʊtɪŋ. ðə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ɪz taɪˈteɪniəm ənd ðə ˈwɑʃərz ər ˈfɑsfərəs brɑnz. ə ˈbjutəfəl pis əv dɪˈzaɪn ðət meɪ bi ðə læst ˈreɪzər ju ˈɛvər baɪ.
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men started using metal blades to shave their faces around 3,000 bc when copper became the medium of choice for all things utilitarian. since then, shaving has advanced to electric razors that clean and lubricate themselves, cool your skin, play satellite radio, and that soon will (ostensibly) update your twitter feed. while it’s swell that the process has become more automated, the end goal is ultimately the same: get the damn hair off your face.
with that in mind, there’s something to be said for the simplicity of a straight razor shave. in spite of all the gadgets available to the millennial man, the straight razor market is stronger now than it’s ever been; even bond used one in skyfall. it may involve a little bit of blood at first and a few extra minutes of work, but using a straight razor makes for a close shave and involves a routine that feels timeless and empowering. if you’re ready to step up your shave game, here are the top five straight blades you ought to consider.
additional contributions by john zientek.
the dovo german classic 5/8 blade
best straight razor for the classic shaver: in terms of straight shaving, dovo is what we would call a household name. founded in 1906 in solingen, germany, dovo produced only straight razors until the 1950s when they also began producing scissors, clippers and other fine grooming tools. while they have produced straight blades for over 100 years, it’s only in the past two years that dovo has reestablished shaving as the driving force behind production and advertising. this particular blade, the german classic, is the perfect blade for the beginning shaver or the frequent traveler. the scales are resin, which requires no real maintenance; the blade is high-carbon steel; and let’s not forget that it’s made in germany, which means it’s made to last.
hart steel 5/8 square point
best straight razor for the ‘merican man: in 2009 hart steel was formed with the admirable goal of bringing straight razor production back to the united states. today hart is one of the leading straight razor producers in the world, but they’ve maintained their lofty quality standard. each blade is hand crafted by a single artisan using tool-grade steel; the blades are heat treated and then frozen in liquid nitrogen so as to maintain stability and longevity before they’re stamped with the maker’s initial, hand-honed and stropped. feel like your blade is getting dull? hart will hone and strop your razor for twenty bucks to get it back to factory sharpness.
thiers-issard kingwood 6/8 razor
best straight razor for the dandy: thiers-issard is one of the top two most highly regarded razor companies in the world (the other being dovo). pierre thiers founded theirs-issard (issard was his wife’s last name) in 1884 after studying the art of blade making since the ripe old age of ten; thiers handmade straight razors until his death in 1929, and it’s said that he actually died while working. talk about singular purpose. today, thiers-issard continues the handmade tradition begun by its founder by using the toughest carbon steel from england and decorating each blade by hand. each blade is dipped into molten lead at over 1,400 degrees fahrenheit for maximum strength, and thiers-issard’s quality standards are so high that they actually reject 25 percent of their blades during the production process. we like the kingwood model because the scales have a handsome grain and the blade face has 24-karat gold etching.
wacker old sheffield straight razor
best straight razor for the connoisseur: wacker rasiermesser is a razor company from solingen, germany that offers a wide variety of traditionally made razors. each razor is crafted by a worker with over 50 years of professional experience, and takes over 70 steps to make. the old sheffield uses a blank that is over three decades old, and the scales are made of genuine buffalo horn.
discommon ‘forged carbon’ straight razor
best straight razor for the absurdist: sure, spending over two grand on a razor is pretty absurd, but check it out. its handle is made from chopped carbon fibers that are forged using a steel mold. the blade features a “dual concave grind,” hand worked by joseph bowen, and a richter precisions functional rose gold color coating. the hardware is titanium and the washers are phosphorous bronze. a beautiful american-made piece of design that may be the last razor you ever buy.
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ˈstɔri ˈhaɪˌlaɪts bɪl naɪ prɪˈdɪkts wi kən ɪkˈspɛkt mɔr stɔrmz laɪk ðə luˌiziˈænə ˈflədɪŋ ɪt meɪ kɔz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl tɪ muv, wɪʧ wʊd bi ə juʤ lɔs tɪ ðə steɪts ɪˈkɑnəmi (ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) ɛz luˌiziˈænə traɪz tɪ draɪ aʊt ənd stɑrt riˈbɪldɪŋ ˈæftər læst wiks ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk ˈflədɪŋ, bɪl naɪ həz ən ˈɑmənəs ˈmɛsɪʤ: ɪts goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən əˈgɛn. "ðɪs ɪz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ," naɪ toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛnz krɪs kˈwoʊmoʊ ɔn "nu deɪ" ˈtuzˌdeɪ. "ɪts ˈoʊnli goʊɪŋ tɪ gɪt wərs." ʤɪst wɔʧt waɪ ðə luˌiziˈænə fləd ˈwəzənt ˈkəvərd mɔr ˈwaɪdli riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ waɪ ðə luˌiziˈænə fləd ˈwəzənt ˈkəvərd mɔr ˈwaɪdli ðə ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd flədz ˈdæmɪʤd mɔr ðən hoʊmz ənd kɪld 13 ˈpipəl. bət bɪˈkəz ðə ˈflədɪŋ wɑz kɔzd baɪ sˈmɔlər ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl stɔrmz, ɪt ˈdɪdənt əˈtrækt ðə əˈtɛnʃən ənd rɪˈspɑns ðət ˈlɑrʤər stɔrmz səʧ ɛz ˈhərəˌkeɪnz ˈsændi, kəˈtrinə ər ˈritə ˈgɑrnərd. ʤɪst wɔʧt rɛd krɔs: lɑ fləd wərst ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈzæstər sɪns ˈsændi riˈpleɪ mɔr ˈvɪdioʊz məst wɔʧ rɛd krɔs: lɑ fləd wərst ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈzæstər sɪns ˈsændi naɪ sɛd du tɪ ðə ˈifɛkts əv ˈklaɪmɪt ʧeɪnʤ, ðə ˈriʤən wɪl bi hɪt əˈgɛn baɪ ðiz sˈmɔlər stɔrmz ənd ˈsəfər mɔr ˌkætəˈstrɑfɪk flədz. rɛd mɔr
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story highlights bill nye predicts we can expect more storms like the louisiana flooding
it may cause many people to move, which would be a huge loss to the state's economy
(cnn) as louisiana tries to dry out and start rebuilding after last week's catastrophic flooding, bill nye has an ominous message: it's going to happen again.
"this is a result of climate change," nye told cnn's chris cuomo on "new day" tuesday. "it's only going to get worse."
just watched why the louisiana flood wasn't covered more widely replay more videos ... must watch why the louisiana flood wasn't covered more widely 05:23
the unprecedented floods damaged more than 60,000 homes and killed 13 people. but because the flooding was caused by smaller individual storms, it didn't attract the attention and response that larger storms -- such as hurricanes sandy, katrina or rita -- garnered.
just watched red cross: la flood worst us disaster since sandy replay more videos ... must watch red cross: la flood worst us disaster since sandy 02:07
nye said due to the effects of climate change, the region will be hit again by these smaller storms and suffer more catastrophic floods.
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pliz səˈlɛkt jʊr ˈkəntri: juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ɔˈstreɪljə ˈɔstriə ˌbɛlɑˈrʊs ˈbɛlʤəm brəˈzɪl bruˈnaɪ bəlˈgɛriə ˈkænədə ˈʧɪli ˈʧaɪnə kəˈləmbiə kroʊˈeɪʃə ˈsaɪprəs ʧɛk riˈpəblɪk ˌʧɛkəsloʊˈvɑkiə ˈdɛnˌmɑrk ist ˈʤərməni ɛˈstoʊniə ˈfɪnˌlænd fræns ˈʤɔrʤə ˈʤərməni gris hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈhəŋgəri ˈaɪslənd ˈɪndiə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˈaɪərlənd ˈɪzriəl ˈɪtəli ʤəˈpæn ˈlætviə ˌlɪθəˈweɪniə ˈləksəmˌbɔrg məˈkaʊ ˌmæsəˈdoʊniə məˈleɪʒə ˈmɔltə ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ðə ˈnɛðərləndz nu ˈzilənd nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈfɪləˌpinz ˈpoʊlənd ˈpɔrʧəgəl roʊˈmeɪniə ˈrəʃə ˈsɔdi əˈreɪbiə ˈsərbiə ˈsɪŋəˌpɔr sˌloʊˈvɑˌkiə sˌloʊˈviniə saʊθ ˌkɔˈriə speɪn sˈwidən sˈwɪtsərlənd ˈtaɪˈwɑn ˈtaɪˌlænd ˈtərki juˈkreɪn juˈnaɪtɪd ˈærəb ˈɛmərˌeɪts juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm ˈjərəgˌweɪ viˌɛtˈnɑm u.s.s.r*. ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈkæmərˌun ˈæfrɪkɑ saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈəðər nɑt ən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈjuzər? dɪˈskrɪpʃən ˈproʊˌmoʊ ˈɪmɪʤɪz ˈtreɪlər ˈɔltərˌneɪt ˈtaɪtəlz wi ˌkɔˈriən ˈspɛlɪŋ (ˈhænˌgʊl) "ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ wi: ˈgæləksi ədˈvɛnʧər" ˌkɔˈriən ˈtaɪtəl "smg*" ˈkɑmən əˌbriviˈeɪʃən ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈspɛlɪŋ pɑrt əv ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ grups ˈjuzər rəvˈjuz ˈkrɪtɪk rəvˈjuz ˈfɔrəmz ˈtɑpɪk poʊsts læst poʊst əˈbaʊt ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ 1 ˈrɪʧərdsən dɛk 28 2012 ˈtrɪviə 1001 ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ˈkəvər ˈrɛfərənsɪz seɪlz əˈwɔrdz geɪm ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈkædəmi ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz əˈwɔrdz 2009 bɛst geɪm (ˈʤərməni) mɑrʧ 28 2008 bɛst ˈkɑnsoʊl geɪm ɪn 2007 2007 4 geɪm əv ðə jɪr 2007 3 ˈkɑnsoʊl geɪm əv ðə jɪr 2007 wi geɪm əv ðə jɪr 2007 wi geɪm əv ðə jɪr (ˈridərz' voʊt) 2007 wi əv ðə jɪr əˈfɪʃəl nɪnˈtɛndoʊ ˈmægəˌzin 2010 geɪm əv ðə ˈdɛkeɪd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ kənˈtrɪbjutɪd baɪ ənd rɪˈleɪtɪd wɛb saɪts ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ ˈgæləksi (wi) ɔn noʊv 24 2007 gaɪ ˈʧæpmən 2001 added(wii*) ɔn noʊv 24 2007 ˈmɑrioʊ teɪks tɪ ðə skaɪz ənd bɪɔnd ɪn əˈnəðər ˈaʊtɪŋ tɪ seɪv ðə ˈprɪnsɛs. ɛz ðə ˈməʃrum ˈkɪŋdəm pərˈpɛrz tɪ ˈsɛləˌbreɪt ðə ərˈaɪvəl əv ə ˈkɑmət ðət əˈpɪrz ɪn ðə skaɪz ˈɛvəri ˈhənərd jɪrz, ˈprɪnsɛs piʧ sɛndz ˈmɑrioʊ ən ˌɪnvɪˈteɪʃən tɪ əˈtɛnd. ɛz ˈmɑrioʊ əraɪvz, ˈboʊzər ənd ˈmɪnjənz əˈtæk ðə ˈkɪŋdəm ənd wəns əˈgɛn ˈkɪdˌnæp ðə ˈprɪnsɛs... ənd hər ɪnˈtaɪər ˈkæsəl. ˈmɑrioʊ gɪvz ʧeɪs bət ɪz lɔst ɛz ðə ʃɪp livz ðə ˈætməsˌfɪr ənd ɛndz əp ɔn ə speɪs ˈsteɪʃən bɪlt ɔn ðə ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈkɑmət ˈoʊvərˌsin baɪ ðə mɪˈstɪriəs rosalina*. ɪts əp tɪ ˈmɑrioʊ tɪ breɪv nu ˈgæləksiz, faɪnd ðə ɪˈlusɪv paʊər stɑrz, ənd brɪŋ hɪz frɛndz ˈsɪmələrli tɪ ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ 64 ɛz ˈmɑrioʊ ɪkˈsplɔrz hɪz ˈleɪtəst wərld dɪˈfaɪɪŋ ˈgrævɪti, ˈkrɔsɪŋ ˈvɛriəs təreɪnz, ənd ˈivɪn ˈrənɪŋ ˈəpˈsaɪd daʊn əˈkrɔs ðə ˈplænət ˈsərfəsɪz. ˈbaʊnsɪŋ frəm ˈplænət tɪ ˈplænət, ˈmɑrioʊ məst kəˈlɛkt stɑr bɪts ənd kɔɪnz, ˈjuzɪŋ hɪz ˈjuʒəwəl ʤəmp əˈtæks ənd spɪnz (naʊ kənˈtroʊld wɪθ ˈmuvmənt frəm ðə wi rɪˈmoʊt). ðə wi rɪˈmoʊt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ juzd tɪ kəˈlɛkt aʊt əv riʧ stɑr bɪts ənd ˈɔlsoʊ kən bi kənˈtroʊld baɪ ə ˈsɛkənd əˈdɪʃən, ˈmɑrioʊ kən faɪnd nu suts (ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. 3 ðət gɪv ɪm ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ tərn ˈɪntu ðə ˈgoʊstli bu ˈmɑrioʊ, ðə bi ˈmɑrioʊ, lɔnʧ ˈfaɪərˌbɔlz ɛz faɪər ˈmɑrioʊ ənd skeɪt əˈkrɔs ˈfroʊzən leɪks ɛz aɪs ˈmɑrioʊ. nu ˈʧælənʤɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈweɪt ˈmɑrioʊ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ reɪ ˈsərfɪŋ, ˈbælənsɪŋ ɔn ə ˈhaɪˌspid bɔl, ˈfloʊtɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈbəbəlz, ənd ˈəðər ˈʧælənʤɪz ɪn hɪz kwɛst tɪ gɪt ɔl 120 stɑrz. ˈivɪn luˈiʤi lɛndz ə hænd ɪn ðə sərʧ, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈvæljəbəl ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃənz tɪ ðə kən ˈɔlsoʊ teɪk ə sˈnæpˌʃɑt əv ðə wərldz ðeɪv kəmˈplitɪd əˈlɔŋ wɪθ ðɛr bɛst ˈrɛkərd taɪmz ənd sɛnd ðɛm tɪ ðɛr frɛndz ˈviə ɪn ðə bʊk 1001 ˈvɪdioʊ geɪmz ju məst pleɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ju daɪ baɪ ˈʤɛnərəl ˈɛdɪtər ˈtoʊni ðə fɔl əv 2007 ɪt wɑz dɪˈskəvərd ðət ˈsərtən ˈlɛtərz ɔn ðə bɑks ˈkəvər ər mɑrkt wɪθ stɑrz, ənd ðeɪ spɛl ðə freɪz "ər ˈmɪstər geɪ" (jʊr ˈmɪstər. geɪ). ðə kˈwɛʃən ɪz, haʊ dɪd ðɪs gɪt pæst nɪnˈtɛndoʊ 'ɛs ˈɛrˌʃɪps frəm ˈsupər ˈmɑrioʊ bros*. 3 meɪk ən əˈpɪrəns kəmˈplit wɪθ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl tɪ ˈpəblɪʃər nɪnˈtɛndoʊ soʊld ˈmɪljən ˈkɑpiz ˈwərldˈwaɪd (ɛz əv sɛpˈtɛmbər 30 2015
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description
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trailer
alternate titles
"슈퍼 마리오 wii 갤럭시 어드벤처" -- korean spelling (hangul)
"super mario wii: galaxy adventure" -- korean title
"smg" -- common abbreviation
"スーパーマリオギャラクシー" -- japanese spelling
part of the following groups
user reviews
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topic # posts last post about super mario galazy 1 richardson odion
dec 28, 2012
trivia
1001 video games
cover
references
sales
awards
game british academy video games awards 2009 - best game
gamepro (germany) march 28, 2008) - best console game in 2007
gamespy 2007 – #4 game of the year 2007 – #3 console game of the year 2007 – wii game of the year 2007 – wii game of the year (readers' vote) 2007 – wii platformer of the year
official nintendo magazine 2010 - game of the decade 2000-2009
information also contributed by optrirominiluikus and sgtcook
related web sites
super mario galaxy (wii) on nov 24, 2007 guy chapman (2001) added(wii) on nov 24, 2007
mario takes to the skies and beyond in another outing to save the princess. as the mushroom kingdom prepares to celebrate the arrival of a comet that appears in the skies every hundred years, princess peach sends mario an invitation to attend. as mario arrives, bowser and minions attack the kingdom and once again kidnap the princess... and her entire castle. mario gives chase but is lost as the ship leaves the atmosphere and ends up on a space station built on the visiting comet overseen by the mysterious rosalina. it's up to mario to brave new galaxies, find the elusive power stars, and bring his friends home.plays similarly to super mario 64 , as mario explores his latest 3d world defying gravity, crossing various terrains, and even running upside down across the planet surfaces. bouncing from planet to planet, mario must collect star bits and coins, using his usual jump attacks and spins (now controlled with movement from the wii remote). the wii remote is also used to collect out of reach star bits and also can be controlled by a second player.in addition, mario can find new suits (similar to super mario bros. 3 ) that give him the ability to turn into the ghostly boo mario, the high-flying bee mario, launch fireballs as fire mario and skate across frozen lakes as ice mario. new challenges also await mario including ray surfing, balancing on a high-speed ball, floating inside bubbles, and other challenges in his quest to get all 120 stars. even luigi lends a hand in the search, making valuable contributions to the adventure.players can also take a snapshot of the worlds they've completed along with their best record times and send them to their friends via wi-fi.appears in the book 1001 video games you must play before you die by general editor tony mott.in the fall of 2007, it was discovered that certain letters on the box cover are marked with stars, and they spell the phrase "ur mr gay" (you're mr. gay). the question is, how did this get past nintendo 's proofreaders?the airships from super mario bros. 3 make an appearance complete with the original music.according to publisher nintendo sold 12.59 million copies worldwide (as of september 30, 2015).
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ˈʤəʤɪŋ frəm ˈvɛriəs rɪˈpɔrts ɪn ðə ˈmidiə ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr, ɪz ɪn ə ˈsɪriəs ˈkraɪsəs ðət θˈrɛtənz ɪts ˈvɛri ɪgˈzɪstəns. ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm dɪˈvɛləpər maɪk hərn ˈivɪn lɛft ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ɪnˈtaɪərli ənd kleɪmd ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt ɪz naʊ ə feɪld ɪkˈspɛrəmənt. əv kɔrs, həz bɪn proʊˈkleɪmd dɛd ˈrəfli 100 ˈəðər taɪmz. ɪz ðə meɪn kənˈsərn ɪn raɪt naʊ, bət səm, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkæpɪtəl ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər brɑk pɪrs, hæv ˈɑrgjud ðət ðɪs ɪz mɔr ə saɪn əv səkˈsɛs ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls. ðə fækt ðət ðə ˈsɪstəm nidz tɪ skeɪl ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ˈwɛlkəm nu ˈjuzərz ɪz ə saɪn ðət ˈpipəl faɪnd ðɪs tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈjusfəl fər ə vərˈaɪəti əv juz ˈkeɪsɪz. waɪl ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ nɑt bɪˈkəm kəmˈpleɪsənt (ɛz ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm ˈrisəntli wɔrnd). ˈʤɑni ˈdɪli sɛd ˈrisəntli ðət məʧ əv ðə dɪˈstrɛs ənd ˈpænɪk ˈkəmɪŋ frəm ˈsərtən ˌsɛgˈmɛnts əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ɪz ənˈwɔrəntɪd. ˈdʊrɪŋ ən ˈɪntərvˌju ɔn ðə ˈkrɪptoʊ ʃoʊ, ˈdɪli sɛd ðət ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɔn ɪz biɪŋ meɪd baɪ ðə kɔr dɪˈvɛləpərz, ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪz nɑt ɛz bɪg ən ˈɪʃu ɛz səm wʊd θɪŋk. wət ɪz ðə wərst ðət kʊd ˈhæpən? wən əv ðə meɪn ˈrizənz ðɛr ɪz ə bɪˈlif ðət ɪz ˈriʧɪŋ ə ˈkraɪsəs pɔɪnt həz tɪ du wɪθ blɑks ˈfɪlɪŋ əp tɪ nɪr kəˈpæsɪti (æt taɪmz). ɛz blɑks fɪl wɪθ trænˈzækʃənz, ə ˈbɪdɪŋ wɔr ɪnˈsuz fər ðə raɪt tɪ gɪt trænˈzækʃən ˈɪntu ə blɑk (ənd kənˈfərmd) ɪn ə ˈtaɪmli ˈmænər. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðɪs pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈɪʃu, ˈdɪli toʊld ðə ˈkrɪptoʊ ʃoʊ: ˈæbsəˌlut wərst θɪŋ ðət kʊd ˈhæpən tɪ raɪt naʊ ɪz ðə ˈklæsɪk ˈænəˌlɔg: ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi goʊz tɪ ðət ˈrɛˌstrɑnt ˌɛniˈmɔr; ˈɔlˌweɪz full.”*.” ðɪs pɔɪnt riˈɪtərˌeɪs ˈrisənt ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn haʊ ˈɪʃu ɪz ə saɪn əv ɪts səkˈsɛs. ɪn hɪz rɪˈmɑrk, ˈdɪli wɑz ˈɛkoʊɪŋ ˈkɑmɛnts meɪd baɪ kriˈeɪtər bræm koʊən ɪn ʤun 2015 tɪ gɪt ə ˈsɛkənd əˈpɪnjən ɔn ˈpɑsəbəl ˈkraɪsəs pɔɪnt, ˈmægəˌzin riʧt aʊt tɪ ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi ˈkaʊnsəl dɪˈrɛktər əv kərˈɪkjələm ˈkɑntɛnt dæn məˈkɑrdəl, hu bɪˈlivz trænˈzækʃənz ʃʊd bi kɛpt ɛz ʧip ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl fər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz ˈpɑsəbəl (ˈviə ən ˌɪnˈkris tɪ blɑk saɪz ˈlɪmət ənd ˈəðər minz). ɪn rɪˈgɑrd tɪ (ər mɔr ˈraɪtli cohen’s*) ˈrɛˌstrɑnt əˈnæləʤi, məˈkɑrdəl rɪˈspɑndɪd, ““well*, ðət wən ˈrɛˌstrɑnt meɪ bi ˈkraʊdɪd, bət baɪ nɑt ɪkˈspændɪŋ kˈwɪkli wɪn ðɛrz ˈæmpəl dɪˈmænd, ɪts ˌɪnˈvaɪtɪŋ kəmˈpɛtɪtərz tɪ it ɪts lunch.”*.” məˈkɑrdəl ˈædɪd ðət həz hæd noʊ ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪn ðə ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk kæʃ ˈmɑrkɪt əp tɪ ðɪs pɔɪnt, bət hi fɪrz ðə dɔr tɪ mɔr ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən ɪz ˈoʊpənd ɛz ɪz fər settlement,”*,” ɛz ˈklæsɪk dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈgævɪn ænˈdrisən ənd ʤɛf hæv rɪˈfərd tɪ ɪt, ˈviə dɪˈvɛləpmənt fər kəˈpæsɪti ˌɪnˈkrisɪz. ˈskeɪlɪŋ ˈprɑˌgrɛs kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi meɪd waɪl ˈfɪgjərɪŋ aʊt haʊ tɪ əˈlaʊ mɔr ˈpipəl tɪ juz ɪz ˌɪnˈdid ən ˈɪʃu, ˈdɪli sɛd ðət wərk ɪz biɪŋ dən tɪ hɛlp sɑlv ðɪs ˈprɑbləm. bi klɪr, ðə sloʊ, ˈmidiˌeɪtɪd, ənd ˈtɛknɪkəli saʊnd ˈprɑˌgrɛs kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi made,”*,” hi sɛd. θɪŋz ðət ər ɪn bɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst kənˈtɪnju tɪ gɪt done.”*.” ðə ˈrisəntli riˈlist kɔr ɪz pərˈhæps ðə ˈstrɔŋgəst ˈɛvədəns tɪ bæk əp kleɪm. ðɪs riˈlis ˌɪnˈkludz ə sɔft fɔrk fər checksequenceverify*, wɪʧ əˈlaʊz fər ˈrɛlətɪv ənd ɪz ˈhjuʤli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt əv ðə ˈlaɪtnɪŋ ˈnɛtˌwərk, wɪʧ ənd kɔr kənˈtrɪbjətər grɛg ˈmæksˌwɛl vjuz ɛz bɛst ʧæns æt ˈhændəlɪŋ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ dɪˈmænd fər trænˈzækʃənz. ʤɛf dɪsəˈgriz ənd vjuz ɛz ə ˈbɛtər ˈɔpʃən. kɔr wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ðə fərst taɪm ðə grup əv kənˈtrɪbjətərz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt juzd bɪp 9 (ˈvərʒən bɪts) tɪ dɪˈplɔɪ ə sɔft fɔrk. ðɪs ˈmɛθəd əv dɪˈplɔɪmənt əˈlaʊz ˈməltəpəl sɔft fɔrks tɪ bi roʊld aʊt ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli, wɪʧ minz ˌɪmˈpruvmənts kən bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd mɔr kˈwɪkli. ɪz θˈrɛtənd baɪ pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈgrɪˌdlɑk? səm ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm, səʧ ɛz faʊnˈdeɪʃən ʧif ˈsaɪəntɪst ˈgævɪn ænˈdrisən, ˈwəri ðət ðə ˈdɪfɪˌkəltiz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ kənˈsɛnsəs rulz ər sloʊɪŋ daʊn ðə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɔˌsɛs, bət ˈəðərz, səʧ ɛz kɔr kənˈtrɪbjətər ˈkɔˌri fildz (hu ɪz ˈkɑlig æt ðə ˈɛˈmaɪˈti ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˈkərənsi ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪv), fil ðət ðə ˌɪnəˈbɪlɪti tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪz ə saɪn əv strɛŋθ ɪn tərmz əv ˈlɛvəl əv dɪˌsɛntrəlɪˈzeɪʃən. ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈɪntərvˌju ɔn ðə ˈkrɪptoʊ ʃoʊ, ˈdɪli kəmˈpɛrd ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn dɪˈvɛləpmənt tɪ ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs: ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn ər: wən, wən tæks jʊr ənd tu: kips working.”*.” pɔɪnt wɑz ðət wʊd kip ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ wɛr kəmˈplit ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ˈhæpənd ənd noʊ ˈfərðər ˈʧeɪnʤɪz wər ˈpɑsəbəl. ˈɛvəri ˈpərsən hu kʊd dɪˈvɛləp ɔn daɪd təˈdeɪ (ənd wi əˈsum ðət ðɛr ər noʊ sɪˈkjʊrəti flɔz ðət ər goʊɪŋ tɪ əraɪz təˈmɑˌroʊ ðət nid ˈræpɪd ˈækʃən) ɪt wɪl kip working,”*,” hi sɛd. ˈmægəˌzin ˈɔlsoʊ æst məˈkɑrdəl fər hɪz θɔts ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn. məˈkɑrdəl rɪˈfərd tɪ ðɪs ɛz ə concept”*” ənd ədˈmɪtəd ðət dɪˈvaɪdɪd ɔn ðɪs wən. hi ɪkˈspleɪnd: ðə wən hænd, aɪ θɪŋk ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪz gʊd ɪf ˌɪˈnɪʃəl kənˈdɪʃənz ər sɛt wɛl (wɪʧ ɪz, əv kɔrs, səˈbʤɛktɪv). ðə juz. ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt, baɪ dɪˈzaɪn, ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ˈgrɪˌdlɑk ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðət ˈoʊnli ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz əˈkər (ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəli). ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, ɪz ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi ðət ˈdəzənt ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ə ˈvækjum ər wɪˈθɪn səm ˈfɪzɪkəl ˈbɔrdər. ðɛr həz tɪ bi ə gʊd ˈbæləns bɪtˈwin biɪŋ ˈnɪmbəl ənd biɪŋ incorruptible*. ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ɪz ˈoʊnli bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ɪts bɛst practices.”*.” əˈvɔɪdɪŋ ə dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɔˌsɛs wən læst pɔɪnt meɪd baɪ ˈdɪli ɔn ðə ˈkrɪptoʊ ʃoʊ wɑz ðət dɪz nɑt juz ðə sɔrt əv ˌfæstˈpeɪst dɪˈvɛləpmənt ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ɪz ˈɔfən faʊnd æt ˈstɑrˌtəps ɪn ˈsɪləkən ˈvæli. ˈdɪli ˈnoʊtɪd waɪ, ɪn hɪz vju, ðɪs əˈproʊʧ həz nɑt bɪn ˈteɪkən baɪ kɔr kənˈtrɪbjətərz: ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈbɪljən əv ˈvælju, ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðə fərst əˈtɛmpt fər ə ˈtruli ˈsɑvrən ˈməni. tɪ teɪk ən əˈproʊʧ wɛr ʤɪst goʊ ɛz fæst ɛz ju kən ənˈtɪl ɪt breɪks ɪz nɑt ˈrɪli ˈsəmθɪŋ ðət ju wɔnt tɪ bi ɪn pleɪs wɪn ɪt kəmz tɪ bitcoin.”*.” ˈdɪli ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˌfæstˈpeɪst əˈproʊʧ meɪ wərk wɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ə nu æp, bət θɪŋz wərk ˈdɪfərˈɛntli wɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈməni. hi ˈædɪd, goʊz dɑrk fər sɪks aʊərz, ðə geɪm ɪz ˈoʊvər, ənd gɪts sɛt bæk 10 years.”*.” ə ˈkrɔsˌroʊdz ˈrəðər ðən ə ˈkraɪsəs ˌɔlˈðoʊ səm seɪ ˈkərəntli ɪz ɪn ə ˈkraɪsəs, məˈkɑrdəl dɪˈfaɪnz ðə ˈkɑrənt ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɛz ə ˈkrɔsˌroʊdz. hi toʊld ˈmægəˌzin: ər kəmˈpitɪŋ ˈvɪʒənz fər haʊ tɪ ˈəpˈgreɪd ðə ˈsɪstəm ənd ðeɪ hæv ˈdɪfərənt ˈlɔŋˈtərm ˈtreɪˌdɔfs. bət ɔn ə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈlɛvəl, ˈiðər wɪl wərk, ənd wən (ər boʊθ) wɪl sun bi ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd, soʊ aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ɪts fɛr tɪ seɪ ðət ðɪs ɪz ə ˌfʊlˈbloʊn ‘‘crisis.’”*.’” ɪn tərmz əv hɪz ˈprɛfərəns fər fˈjuʧər dɪˈrɛkʃɪn, məˈkɑrdəl ˈædɪd: ɪn ðə taʊəl ɔn ˈskeɪlɪŋ naʊ, ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ə ‘‘settlement-layer’*’ əˈproʊʧ du tɪ ðə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət kænt skeɪl fərˈɛvər ɪz ə ˈlɪtəl bɪt laɪk θroʊɪŋ ðə ˈbeɪbi aʊt wɪθ ðə bathwater.”*.” məˈkɑrdəl bɪˈlivz ʃʊd skeɪl ˈviə ənd səˈluʃənz. ˈdəzənt hæv tɪ bi wən ər ðə other,”*,” hi sɛd, fiz doʊnt hæv tɪ raɪz sun, ˈivɪn wɪθ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ usage.”*.” ɛz fɑr ɛz ðə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz ðət ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ɪz ˈoʊvər, məˈkɑrdəl faɪndz səʧ kleɪmz tɪ bi ˈvæstli ˌpriməˈʧʊr ənd əbˈsərd. ˌɔlˈðoʊ kənˈsərnd ðət ˈmɛni ɪn ðə ˈikoʊˌsɪstəm ər ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ əkˈsɛpt haɪər fiz, ˌɪgˈnɔr ðə kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈlænˌskeɪp ənd ɑpt fər mɔr ˈkɑmplɛks səˈluʃənz (æt list ɪn hɪz vju), hi ˈædɪd, əv ðət minz ɪz ˈfeɪlɪŋ baɪ ˈɛni means.”*.” məˈkɑrdəl ʃɛrd ðiz ˈfaɪnəl θɔts ɔn ˈkrɔsˌroʊdz ˈmoʊmənt:
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judging from various reports in the media over the past year, bitcoin is in a serious crisis that threatens its very existence. longtime bitcoin developer mike hearn even left the ecosystem entirely and claimed the project is now a failed experiment. of course, bitcoin has been proclaimed dead roughly 100 other times.
scalability is the main concern in bitcoin right now, but some, including blockchain capital managing director brock pierce, have argued that this is more a sign of success than anything else. the fact that the system needs to scale in order to welcome new users is a sign that people find this technology useful for a variety of use cases.
while it’s important to not become complacent (as longtime cypherpunk zooko wilcox-o’hearn recently warned). blockstream’s johnny dilley said recently that much of the distress and panic coming from certain segments of the community is unwarranted. during an interview on the crypto show, dilley said that progress on scalability is being made by the bitcoin core developers, and development gridlock is not as big an issue as some would think.
what is the worst that could happen?
one of the main reasons there is a belief that bitcoin is reaching a crisis point has to do with blocks filling up to near capacity (at times). as blocks fill with transactions, a bidding war ensues for the right to get one’s transaction into a block (and confirmed) in a timely manner. in response to this potential issue, dilley told the crypto show:
“the absolute worst thing that could happen to bitcoin right now is the classic analog: nobody goes to that restaurant anymore; it’s always full.”
this point reiterates pierce’s recent statement on how bitcoin’s scalability issue is a sign of its success. in his remark, dilley was echoing comments made by bittorrent creator bram cohen in june 2015.
to get a second opinion on bitcoin’s possible crisis point, bitcoin magazine reached out to digital currency council director of curriculum & content dan mcardle, who believes on-chain transactions should be kept as cheap as possible for as long as possible (via an increase to bitcoin’s block size limit and other means).
in regard to dilley’s (or more rightly cohen’s) restaurant analogy, mcardle responded, “well, that one restaurant may be crowded, but by not expanding quickly when there's ample demand, it's inviting competitors to eat its lunch.”
mcardle added that bitcoin has had no competition in the blockchain-based electronic cash market up to this point, but he fears the door to more competition is opened as bitcoin is “hot-wired for settlement,” as bitcoin classic developers gavin andresen and jeff garzik have referred to it, via bitcoin core’s development roadmap for capacity increases.
scaling progress continues to be made
while figuring out how to allow more people to use bitcoin is indeed an issue, dilley said that work is being done to help solve this problem.
“to be clear, the slow, mediated, not-compromised and technically sound progress continues to be made,” he said. “the things that are in bitcoin’s best interest continue to get done.”
the recently released bitcoin core 0.12.1 is perhaps the strongest evidence to back up dilley’s claim. this release includes a soft fork for checksequenceverify, which allows for relative locktimes and is hugely important for the development of the lightning network, which blockstream cto and bitcoin core contributor greg maxwell views as bitcoin’s best chance at handling increasing demand for bitcoin transactions. bloq co-founder jeff garzik disagrees and views sidechains as a better option.
bitcoin core 0.12.1 was also the first time the group of contributors behind the project used bip 9 (version bits) to deploy a soft fork. this method of deployment allows multiple soft forks to be rolled out simultaneously, which means improvements can be implemented more quickly.
is bitcoin threatened by political gridlock?
some members of the bitcoin ecosystem, such as bitcoin foundation chief scientist gavin andresen, worry that the difficulties associated with making changes to bitcoin’s consensus rules are slowing down the development process, but others, such as bitcoin core contributor cory fields (who is andresen’s colleague at the mit digital currency initiative), feel that the inability to implement controversial changes is a sign of strength in terms of bitcoin’s level of decentralization.
during his interview on the crypto show, dilley compared gridlock in bitcoin development to gridlock in congress:
“the differences between political gridlock in congress and political gridlock in bitcoin are: one, one doesn’t tax your ****, and two: bitcoin keeps working.”
dilley’s point was that bitcoin would keep working in a scenario where complete gridlock happened and no further changes were possible.
“if every person who could develop on bitcoin died today (and we assume that there are no security flaws that are going to arise tomorrow that need rapid action) ‒ it will keep working,” he said.
bitcoin magazine also asked mcardle for his thoughts on political gridlock in bitcoin. mcardle referred to this as a “fascinating concept” and admitted that he’s divided on this one. he explained:
“on the one hand, i think gridlock is good if initial conditions are set well (which is, of course, subjective). the u.s. federal government, by design, experiences gridlock in order to ensure that only very important changes occur (theoretically). on the other hand, bitcoin is a technology that doesn't exist in a vacuum or within some physical border. there has to be a good balance between being nimble and being incorruptible. the ecosystem is only beginning to define its best practices.”
avoiding a startup-esque development process
one last point made by dilley on the crypto show was that bitcoin does not use the sort of fast-paced development process that is often found at startups in silicon valley. dilley noted why, in his view, this approach has not been taken by bitcoin core contributors:
“we’re talking about $6.5 billion of value, we’re talking about the first attempt for a truly sovereign money. to take an approach where it’s just go as fast as you can until it breaks is not really something that you want to be in place when it comes to bitcoin.”
dilley also noted that the fast-paced approach may work when developing a new photo-sharing app, but things work differently when talking about people’s money. he added, “if bitcoin goes dark for six hours, the game is over, and cryptocurrency gets set back 10 years.”
a crossroads rather than a crisis
although some say bitcoin currently is in a crisis, mcardle defines the current situation as a crossroads. he told bitcoin magazine:
“there are competing visions for how to upgrade the system and they have different long-term tradeoffs. but on a technical level, either will work, and one (or both) will soon be implemented, so i don't think it's fair to say that this is a full-blown ‘crisis.’”
in terms of his preference for bitcoin’s future direction, mcardle added:
“throwing in the towel on main-chain scaling now, in favor of a ‘settlement-layer’ approach due to the realization that blocksize can't scale forever is a little bit like throwing the baby out with the bathwater.”
mcardle believes bitcoin should scale via on-chain and layer-2 solutions.
“it doesn't have to be one or the other,” he said, “and main-chain fees don't have to rise soon, even with significantly increasing usage.”
as far as the declarations that the bitcoin experiment is over, mcardle finds such claims to be vastly premature and more-or-less absurd. although he’s concerned that many in the bitcoin ecosystem are willing to accept higher on-chain fees, ignore the competitive landscape and opt for more complex solutions (at least in his view), he added, “none of that means bitcoin is failing by any means.”
mcardle shared these final thoughts on bitcoin’s crossroads moment:
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mænˈhætən ɪz ʤɪst wən əv ðə ˈmɛni fɪlmz ju ʃʊd wɔʧ ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt ˌdɪsəˈpɪrz frəm ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. 1979 ˈɛmˈgiˈɛm ˈɛvəri mənθ, ædz ˈdəzənz əv nu ˈtaɪtəlz tɪ ɪts groʊɪŋ kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈstrimɪŋ ˈmuviz ənd ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsɪriz. tɪ meɪk rum fər ðiz nu ˈtaɪtəlz, ˈroʊˌteɪts aʊt səm əv ɪts ˈoʊldər ˈtaɪtəlz. bɪˈloʊ ˈʧoʊzən ðə bɛst ˈmuviz tɪ wɔʧ ˌbiˈfɔr riˈmuvd frəm ʤæn. 1 2015 məst wɔʧ 12 ˈæŋgri mɛn 1957 ˈbætˌmæn 1989 bɔɪz ɛn ðə hʊd 1991 ðə ˈbrɛkfəst kləb 1985 ˈkɛri 1976 ðə deɪ ðə ərθ stʊd stɪl 1951 dək sup 1933 ðə greɪps əv ræθ 1940 gɛs ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ ˈdɪnər 1967 ˈkreɪmər ˈvərsəz. ˈkreɪmər 1979 mænˈhætən 1979 ˈmɪstər. smɪθ goʊz tɪ ˈwɔʃɪŋtən 1939 ˈroʊmən ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ 1953 ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈsəˌspɛkts 1995 gʊd wɔʧ ə ˈrɪvər rənz θru ɪt 1992 ə ˈmaɪti hɑrt 2007 1991 bæd bɔɪz 1995 ˈbɛvərli hɪlz kɑp 1984 bɪg ˈtrəbəl ɪn ˈlɪtəl ˈʧaɪnə 1986 ˈbreɪvhɑrt 1995 ˈglædiˌeɪtər 2000 hoʊˈtɛl ˌruˈɑndə 2004 lɑk, stɑk ənd tu sˈmoʊkɪŋ ˈbɛrəlz 1998 ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst jɑrd 1974 ləv ˈæˌkʧuəli 2003 ðə ərˈɪʤənəl kɪŋz əv ˈkɑmədi 2000 seɪvd! 2004 ˈspeɪsˌbɔlz 1987 taɪˈtænɪk 1997 ˈtumˌstoʊn 1993 gɑt meɪl 1998 ˈfæməli wɔʧ ˈbeɪtoʊvən 1992 fɑr ənd əˈweɪ 1992 ˈhæpi ˈgɪlmɔr 1996 hɪʧ 2005 maɪ gərl 1991 ðə ˈpɛrənt træp 1998 nɔˈstælʤə wɔʧ rɛd dɔn 1984 gʊd ˈbərgər 1997 ðə ˈmaɪti dəks 1992 ˈrɑki 1985 ˈtərnər ənd huʧ 1989 ɪf bɔrd baɪ mi ləv 1987 ˈʤərni tɪ ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ərθ 1959 kɪs ðə gərlz 1997 ˈskɛri ˈmuvi 2 2001 ˈstɑrˌgeɪt 1994
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manhattan is just one of the many films you should watch before it disappears from netflix in january. © 1979 - mgm
every month, netflix adds dozens of new titles to its growing collection ofreaming movies and tv series. to make room for these new titles, netflix rotates out some of its older titles. below we’ve chosen the best movies to watch before they’re removed from netflixreaming—some temporarily—on jan. 1, 2015.
must watch
12 angry men (1957)
batman (1989)
boyz n the hood (1991)
the breakfast club (1985)
carrie (1976)
the day the earthoodill (1951)
duck soup (1933)
the grapes of wrath (1940)
guess who’s coming to dinner (1967)
kramer vs. kramer (1979)
manhattan (1979)
mr. smith goes to washington (1939)
roman holiday (1953)
the usual suspects (1995)
good watch
a river runs through it (1992)
a mighty heart (2007)
backdraft (1991)
bad boys (1995)
beverly hills cop (1984)
big trouble in little china (1986)
braveheart (1995)
gladiator (2000)
hotel rwanda (2004)
lock,ock and two smoking barrels (1998)
the longest yard (1974)
love actually (2003)
the original kings of comedy (2000)
saved! (2004)
spaceballs (1987)
titanic (1997)
tombstone (1993)
you’ve got mail (1998)
family watch
beethoven (1992)
far and away (1992)
happy gilmore (1996)
hitch (2005)
my girl (1991)
the parent trap (1998)
nostalgia watch
red dawn (1984)
good burger (1997)
the mighty ducks (1992)
rocky iv (1985)
turner and hooch (1989)
if you’re bored
can’t buy me love (1987)
journey to the center of the earth (1959)
kiss the girls (1997)
scary movie 2 (2001)
stargate (1994)
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ðɪs ˈɑrtɪkəl ɪz əˈbaʊt ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈdæmɪʤ əv ɑrt. fər ˌənɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈdæmɪʤ, si ˌæksəˈdɛnəl ˈdæmɪʤ əv ɑrt ˈvændəlɪzəm əv ɑrt ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəl ˈdæmɪʤ əv ən ˈɑrtˌwərk. ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt, ˈjuʒəwəli ɪgˈzɪbətəd ɪn ˈpəblɪk, bɪˈkəmz ˈdæmɪʤd ɛz ə rɪˈzəlt əv ðə ækt, ənd rɪˈmeɪnz ɪn pleɪs raɪt ˈæftər ðə ækt. ðɪs meɪ dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ ɪt frəm ɑrt dɪˈstrəkʃən ənd ˌaɪˈkɑnəˌklæzəm, wɛr ɪt meɪ bi ˈhoʊli dɪˈstrɔɪd ənd riˈmuvd, ənd ɑrt θɛft, ər ˈlutɪŋ. ˈnumərəs ækts əv ˈvændəlɪzəm əˈgɛnst ɑrt ɪgˈzɪbəts ər noʊn ənd səm ˈɑbʤɛkts, səʧ ɛz ˈmoʊnə ˈlisə, naɪt wɔʧ ənd ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmərˌmeɪd, hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ˈdæmɪʤd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz. ˈmɛni ˈvændəlz wər ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst wɪθ ə ˈmɛntəl dɪˈsɔrdər ənd səm, səʧ ɛz ˈboʊlmən, hæd ə ˈhɪstəri əv əˈtækɪŋ ˈɑrtˌwərks. ə væst əˈmaʊnt əv ˈdæmɪʤ kənˈsɪsts əv ˈlivɪŋ ə ˈmaɪnər skræʧ, ə stək ʧuɪŋ gəm, ə ˈpɛnsəl mɑrk ənd soʊ ɔn, ənd ˈjuʒəwəli ɪˈskeɪps mɔr ˈvɪzəbəl ækts əv ˈvændəlɪzəm wər priˈmɛdəˌteɪtɪd, ɛz ðə tul əv dɪˈstrəkʃən ə naɪf, peɪnt, ˈæsəd ər ˈhæmər wɑz ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli brɔt tɪ ðə sin. ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ˈɑrtˌwərks wər rɪˈstɔrd. ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃənz wər ˈkɔstli ənd ənd ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz wər ˈfɑloʊd baɪ ˈʃildɪŋ ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk frəm fˈjuʧər əˈtæks. ˈhɪstəri əv ðə tərm ˈɛdət ðə tərm wɑz kɔɪnd ɪn 1794 baɪ ˌɔˈri grégoire*, ˈbɪʃəp əv blois*, tɪ dɪˈskraɪb ðə dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈɑrtˌwərk ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə frɛnʧ ˌrɛvəˈluʃən. ðə tərm ərˈɪʤəˌneɪtəd frəm ðə ˌɪnˈveɪʒən əv roʊm ɪn 455 baɪ ðə ist ʤərˈmænɪk traɪb əv ˈvændəlz, wɪʧ rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ˈnumərəs ˈɑrtˌwərks, ənd wɑz kˈwɪkli əˈdɑptəd əˈkrɔs rɪˈpitɪd ˈvændəlɪzəm ˈɛdət ˈboʊlmən ˈɛdət ˈboʊlmən wɑz ə ˈʤərmən ˈsɪˌriəl ˈvændəl. bɪtˈwin 1977 ənd 2006 hi ˈdæmɪʤd ˈoʊvər 50 ˈpeɪnɪŋz wərθ mɔr ðən 270 ˈmɪljən dɔɪʧ mɑrks (əˈbaʊt 138 ˈmɪljən ˈjuˌroʊz) baɪ ˈrubənz, ˈrɛmˌbrænt, ənd ˈəðər ˈɑrtɪsts. ˈboʊlmən hæd ə ˌpərsəˈnælɪti dɪˈsɔrdər ənd wɑz ˈtritɪd ɪn ˈvɛriəs ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈhɑˌspɪtəlz sɪns ə jəŋ eɪʤ. ɪn moʊst ækts, hi spreɪd ˈpeɪnɪŋz wɪθ səlfˈjʊrɪk ˈæsəd, ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈfeɪsɪz əv ðə ˈmoʊnə ˈlisə ɪgˈzɪbɪt ɪn ðə ðə ˈsɛˌtəp ɪn ðə ˈluvrə ˈmoʊnə ˈlisə ˈɛdət ˈmoʊnə ˈlisə baɪ ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ ˈdiˈeɪ ˈvɪnʧi həz lɔŋ bɪn əˈtræktɪŋ ˈvændəlz ənd ɪz ˈkərəntli wən əv ðə ˈɑrtˌwərks. ɪn 1956 ðə loʊər pɑrt əv ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz səˈvɪrli ˈdæmɪʤd wɪn ə ˈvændəl daʊst ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɪθ ˈæsəd waɪl ɪt wɑz ɔn dɪˈspleɪ æt ə mˈjuziəm ɪn montauban*, ɔn 30 dɪˈsɛmbər əv ðə seɪm jɪr, ə jəŋ bəˈlɪviən neɪmd ˈvɪlɪgəz θru ə rɑk æt ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ; ðɪs rɪˈzəltɪd ɪn ðə lɔs əv ə spɛk əv ˈpɪgmɛnt nɪr ðə lɛft ˈɛlˌboʊ, wɪʧ wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈpeɪnɪd ðə juz əv ˈbʊlətˌpruf glæs həz ˈʃildɪd ðə ˈmoʊnə ˈlisə frəm mɔr ˈrisənt əˈtæks. ɪn ˈeɪprəl 1974 ə ˈhændiˌkæpt ˈwʊmən, ˈəpˌsɛt baɪ ðə mjuˈziəmz ˈpɑləsi fər ðə dɪˈseɪbəld, spreɪd rɛd peɪnt æt ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ waɪl ɪt wɑz ɔn dɪˈspleɪ æt ðə ˈtoʊkiˌoʊ ˈnæʃənəl ɔn 2 ˈɔgəst 2009 ə ˈrəʃən ˈwʊmən, dɪˈstrɔt ˈoʊvər biɪŋ dɪˈnaɪd frɛnʧ ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp, θru ə məg ər ˈtiˌkəp, ˈpərʧəst æt ðə mˈjuziəm, æt ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈluvrə; ðə ˈvɛsəl ˈʃætərd əˈgɛnst ðə glæs ɪn boʊθ ˈkeɪsɪz, ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz ˌənˈdæməʤd. naɪt wɔʧ ˈɛdət naɪt wɔʧ ˈæftər biɪŋ kət baɪ ˈwɪljəm də ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1975 biɪŋ kət baɪ ˈwɪljəm də ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1975 ˈrɛmˌbrænts naɪt wɔʧ 1642 ɪz wən əv ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr ˈpeɪnɪŋz æt ðə ɪn ˈæmstərˌdæm. ɪt ɪz vjud baɪ əˈbaʊt tɪ ˈvɪzɪtərz ˈdeɪli wɪθ ɪts ˈvælju ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt ɪn ðə 1970s*. ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz ˈvændəˌlaɪzd ɔn ˈsɛvərəl ɔˈkeɪʒənz. ɔn 13 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1911 ən ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd ˈneɪvi kʊk traɪd tɪ kət ɪt wɪθ ə naɪf, bət kʊd nɑt kət θru ðə θɪk ˈvɑrnɪʃ ɔn ðə ɪn 1975 ˈwɪljəm də, ən ˌənɛmˈplɔɪd skul ˈtiʧər, kət ˈdəzənz əv ˈzɪgzæg laɪnz ɪn ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɪθ ə naɪf ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz ˈrɛsəld baɪ ðə gɑrdz. ðə deɪ ˌbiˈfɔr, də hæd bɪn tərnd əˈweɪ frəm ðə mˈjuziəm bɪˈkəz hi əraɪvd ˈæftər ˈkloʊzɪŋ taɪm. ˈæftər ðə ɪˈvɛnt, hi wɑz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd wɪθ ə ˈmɛntəl dɪˈsɔrdər; hi wɑz sɛnt tɪ ə ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ənd kəˈmɪtɪd ˈsuɪˌsaɪd ðɛr ɔn 21 ˈeɪprəl 1976 ɪt tʊk sɪks mənθs tɪ rɪˈstɔr ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ, ənd ˈtreɪsɪz əv ðə kəts stɪl ɪn 1990 ə mæn θru ˈæsəd ɔn ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ. ðə gɑrdz ˈmænɪʤd tɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈlut ɪt wɪθ ˈwɔtər soʊ ðət ɪt ˈpɛnəˌtreɪtɪd ˈoʊnli ðə ˈvɑrnɪʃ leɪər, ənd ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz rɪˈstɔrd ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmərˌmeɪd ˈɛdət pəˈlis tɛkˈnɪʃənz ɪgˈzæmɪn ðə ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmərˌmeɪd ˈæftər ɪt wɑz ˈblæstɪd ɔf ɪts beɪs ɔn 10 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2003 ðə ˈlɪtəl ˈmərˌmeɪd ɪz ə ˈstæˌʧu əv ðə ˈmərˌmeɪd frəm ðə ˈfɛri teɪl əv ðə seɪm neɪm baɪ hɑns ˈkrɪsʧɪn ˈændərsən. ðə ˈstæˌʧu ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈhɑrbər əv ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən ənd ɪz ən ˈaɪkɑn ənd ə ˈmeɪʤər ˈtʊrɪst əˈtrækʃən əv ðə ˈsɪti. ðə ˈstæˌʧu həz bɪn ˈdæmɪʤd ənd dɪˈfeɪst soʊ ˈmɛni taɪmz sɪns ðə ðət ɪn 2007 ˈkoʊpənˌhɑgən əˈfɪʃəlz əˈnaʊnst ðət ðə ˈstæˌʧu meɪ bi muvd ˈfərðər aʊt ɪn ðə ˈhɑrbər tɪ əˈvɔɪd ˈfərðər ˈvændəlɪzəm ənd tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈtʊrɪsts frəm ˈklaɪmɪŋ ˈɔntu ɪt. ðə meɪn ˈfoʊkɪs əv ˈvændəlɪzəm fər ðə ˈstæˌʧu həz bɪn dɪˌkæpɪˈteɪʃən. ɔn 24 ˈeɪprəl 1964 ðə hɛd wɑz ɔf ənd ˈstoʊlən baɪ ˈplɪtɪkli ˈɔriˌɛntɪd ˈɑrtɪsts əv ðə ˈmuvmənt. ðə hɛd wɑz ˈnɛvər rɪˈkəvərd ənd ə nu hɛd wɑz prəˈdust ənd əˈtæʧt tɪ ðə ɔn 6 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1998 ðə ˈstæˌʧu wɑz diˈkæpəˌteɪtɪd ðə ˈkəlprɪts wər ˈnɛvər faʊnd, bət ðə hɛd wɑz rɪˈtərnd əˈnɑnəməsli tɪ ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃən, ənd ɔn 4 ˈfɛbruˌɛri. ɔn ðə naɪt əv 10 sɛpˈtɛmbər 2003 ðə ˈstæˌʧu wɑz nɑkt ɔf ɪts beɪs wɪθ ɪkˈsploʊsɪvz ənd ˈleɪtər faʊnd ɪn ðə ˈhɑrbərz ˈwɔtərz. hoʊlz wər ˈblæstɪd ɪn ðə rɪst ənd peɪnt həz bɪn pɔrd ɔn ðə ˈstæˌʧu ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wən ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd ɪn 1963 ənd tu ɪn mɑrʧ ənd meɪ 2007 ɔn 8 mɑrʧ 2006 grin peɪnt wɑz pɔrd ˈoʊvər ðə ˈstæˌʧu ənd ə ˈdɪlˌdoʊ wɑz əˈtæʧt tɪ ɪts ˈæsəd ənd peɪnt ˈɛdət ɪn 1880 ɪgˈzɪbəts əv ðə ˈrəʃən ˈpeɪnər ˈvæsəli ɪn viˈɛnə kɔzd ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən əv ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ, wɪʧ ˈkəlməˌneɪtɪd ɪn ən əˈtæk ɔn tu ˈpeɪnɪŋz, ˈhoʊli ˈfæməli (ˈrəʃən: ənd ˌrɛzərˈɛkʃən (ˈrəʃən: ə məŋk splæʃt ɪˈnəf ˈæsəd ɔn ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋz tɪ ˈvərʧuəli dɪˈstrɔɪ ɪn 1974 ˈtoʊni roʊt "kɪl laɪz ɔl" wɪθ rɛd spreɪ peɪnt ˈoʊvər ðə wərk baɪ ˈpɑbloʊ pɪˈkɑsoʊ. wɑz ɑˈstɛnsəbli ˈproʊˌtɛstɪŋ ˈrɪʧərd ˈnɪksənz ˈpɑrdən əv ˈwɪljəm ˈkæli fər ðə ˈlætərz ˈækʃənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə maɪ laɪ ˈmæsəkər. ðə peɪnt wɑz riˈmuvd wɪθ ˈrɛlətɪv iz frəm ðə ˈvɑrnɪʃt ɔn 15 ʤun 1985 ˈrɛmˌbrænts ˈpeɪnɪŋ danaë*ë wɑz əˈtækt ɪn ðə ˈhərmətəʤ mˈjuziəm ɪn ˈrəʃə. ə mæn, ˈleɪtər ʤəʤd ˌɪnˈseɪn, fərst θru səlfˈjʊrɪk ˈæsəd ɔn ðə ˈkænvəs ənd ðɛn kət ɪt twaɪs wɪθ ə naɪf. ðə ɪnˈtaɪər ˈsɛntrəl pɑrt əv ðə ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən wɑz ˈvərʧuəli ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən tʊk 12 jɪrz, bɪtˈwin 1985 ənd 1997 sɪns ðɛn, ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ həz bɪn prəˈtɛktɪd wɪθ ən ˈɑrmərd ɪn 1997 ˌælɪgˈzændər ˈbrinər ˈpeɪnɪd ə grin ˈdɔlər saɪn ɔn ˈpeɪnɪŋ suprematisme*. ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz rɪˈstɔrd ənd ˈbrinər wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ 5 mənθs ɪn ˈprɪzən. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə kɔrt keɪs, hi sɛd ɪn hɪz ðə krɔs ɪz ə ˈsɪmbəl əv ˈsəfərɪŋ, ðə ˈdɔlər saɪn ə ˈsɪmbəl əv treɪd ənd ˈmərʧənˌdaɪz wət aɪ dɪd wɑz nɑt əˈgɛnst ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ. aɪ vju maɪ ækt ɛz ə ˈdaɪəˌlɔg wɪθ malewitz*. ɪn 2012 ˈlændəroʊz spreɪ ˈpeɪnɪd ə bʊl ənd roʊt "conquista*" wɪθ blæk spreɪ peɪnt ˈoʊvər ðə wərk ˈwʊmən ɪn ə rɛd ˈɑrmˌʧɛr baɪ ˈpɑbloʊ pɪˈkɑsoʊ. hi wɑz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈfɛləni grəˈfiti ənd ˈkrɪmənəl ˈmɪsʧəf ənd ˈsɛntənst tɪ tu jɪrz ɪn ˈprɪzən. ɪn 2017 ə ˈtɛrər ˈsəˌspɛkt əˈtækt gɑrdz əv ðə ˈluvrə mˈjuziəm wɪθ məˈʧɛˌtiz ənd wɑz faʊnd ˈkɛriɪŋ "bɑmz əv ˈɛrəˌsɑl peɪnt" ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ "dɪsˈfɪgjər ðə ˈmæstərˌpisɪz əv ðə naɪf ˈɛdət ˈvinəs meɪd baɪ kəts ɪn baɪ ˈmɛri ˈrɪʧərdsən ɪn 1914 ˈjuzɪŋ ðə mit ˈklivər ʃoʊn ɪn ðə tɔp raɪt ˈkɔrnər ɔn 16 ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1913 ə əˈbræm əˈtækt ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈaɪvən ðə ˈtɛrəbəl ənd hɪz sən ˈaɪvən baɪ ˈɪljə ɪn ðə ˈgæləri ɪn ˈmɔˌskaʊ. wɪθ θri naɪf bloʊz, hi kət θru ðə ˈfeɪsɪz əv boʊθ ivans*. wɑz faʊnd ˈmɛnəli ɪl ənd riˈstrɪktɪd tɪ ə ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz rɪˈstɔrd baɪ tu ˈlidɪŋ ˈrəʃən ˈɛkspərts wɪˈθɪn ə wik; ðə wərk wɑz ˈgreɪtli əˈsɪstɪd baɪ ðə əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti əv ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs əv ðə ɔn 10 mɑrʧ 1914 ˈmɪlətənt ˌsəfrəˈʤɛt ˈmɛri ˈrɪʧərdsən wɔkt ˈɪntu ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgæləri əv ˈləndən ənd əˈtækt diˈeɪgoʊ ˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈvinəs wɪθ ə mit ˈklivər. hər ˈækʃən wɑz ɑˈstɛnsəbli prəˈvoʊkt baɪ ðə ərˈɛst əv ˈfɛloʊ ˌsəfrəˈʤɛt ˈɛməˌlaɪn ðə ˈpriviəs ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðɛr hæd bɪn ˈərliər ˈwɔrnɪŋz əv ə plænd əˈtæk ɔn ðə kəˈlɛkʃən. ˈrɪʧərdsən lɛft ˈsɛvən sˈlæʃɪz ɔn ðə ɔl əv wɪʧ hæv bɪn səkˈsɛsfəli ˈrɪʧərdsən wɑz ˈsɛntənst tɪ sɪks mənθs ˌɪmˈprɪzənmənt, ðə ˈmæksəməm əˈlaʊd fər dɪˈstrəkʃən əv ən ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ðə ˈwɪmənz ˈsoʊʃəl ənd pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈjunjən ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftərwərdz, ˈrɪʧərdsən ɪkˈspleɪnd, "aɪ hæv traɪd tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə moʊst ˈbjutəfəl ˈwʊmən ɪn ˌmɪθəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈhɪstəri ɛz ə ˈproʊˌtɛst əˈgɛnst ðə ˈgəvərnmənt fər dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ˈmɪsɪz., hu ɪz ðə moʊst ˈbjutəfəl ˈkɛrɪktər ɪn ˈmɑdərn ʃi ˈædɪd ɪn ə 1952 ˈɪntərvˌju ðət ʃi ˈdɪdənt laɪk "ðə weɪ mɛn ˈvɪzɪtərz æt ɪt ɔl deɪ ðə ˈhoʊli ˈfæməli baɪ lərˈɛnzoʊ ˈkɔstɑ æt ðə mˈjuziəm ˈæmstərˌdæm, wɪθ ˈsɛntrəl kəts meɪd baɪ ən ənˈnoʊn ˈpərsən ɪn 1969 ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 1969 ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈpərsənz lɛft lɔŋ ˈskræʧɪz ɪn faɪv ˈpeɪnɪŋz æt ðə mˈjuziəm ˈæmstərˌdæm, wɪθ moʊst ˈdæmɪʤ ˌɪnˈflɪktɪd tɪ ðə ˈhoʊli ˈfæməli baɪ lərˈɛnzoʊ ɔn 6 ˈeɪprəl 1978 ə dəʧ ˈɑrtɪst, dɪsˈgrənəld ˈoʊvər ðə nɑnˈpeɪmənt əv hɪz ˈwɛlˌfɛr baɪ ðə ˈæmstərˌdæm əˈθɔrətiz, meɪd θri lɔŋ kəts ɪn ðə ˈsɛnər əv ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ lɑ baɪ ˈvɪnsɪnt væn goʊ æt ðə mˈjuziəm ˈæmstərˌdæm. ə fju deɪz ˈərliər, ə ˌɪˈtæljən mæn slæʃt ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðə ˌædərˈeɪʃən əv ðə ˈgoʊldən kæf baɪ ˈnɪkɔləs ˈpusɪn æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgæləri ɪn ɪn 1986 ə mæn "ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ teɪk riˈvɛnʤ ɔn ˈæbˌstrækt ɑrt" kət wɪθ ə naɪf ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ huz əˈfreɪd əv rɛd, ˈjɛloʊ ənd blu baɪ bɑrˈnɛt ˈnumən. ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən tʊk 5 jɪrz ənd kɔst ˈæftər ˈsərvɪŋ taɪm ɪn ˈprɪzən, ðə əˈfɛndər slæʃt əˈnəðər ˈnumən ə ˈrəðər ənˈjuˌʒuəl keɪs, wɪʧ maɪt nɑt kˈwɑləˌfaɪ ɛz ˈvændəlɪzəm, əˈkərd ɪn 1908 ən ˌɛksəˈbɪʃən wɑz sɛt əp fər meɪ əv ðət jɪr wɪθ ˈpeɪnɪŋz baɪ klɔd moʊˈneɪ, wɪʧ hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn preɪzd baɪ ˈkrɪtɪks ənd wər ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt 1908 ˈpraɪsɪz). dɪˈspaɪt ðɪs, moʊˈneɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ðət hi wɑz nɑt ˈsætɪsˌfaɪd wɪθ hɪz wərk ənd ɪn ə ˈsədən muv dɪˈstrɔɪd ɔl ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋz wɪθ ə naɪf ənd ə peɪnt sˈmæʃɪŋ ənd ˈʃætərɪŋ ˈɛdət ɔn 7 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 1845 ðə ˈpɔrtlənd vɑz, ə ˈroʊmən ˈkæmiˌoʊ glæs vɑz ˈdeɪtɪd tɪ bɪtˈwin 5 ənd 25 bce*, wɑz ˈʃætərd baɪ ə ˈdrəŋkən ˈwɪljəm lɔɪd waɪl ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ɪn ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ mˈjuziəm. ðə vɑz wɑz pist təˈgɛðər ənd ˌəndərˈwɛnt ˈsɛvərəl ˈfərðər rɪˈpɛrz, ɔl nɑt ɪnˈtaɪərli səkˈsɛsfəl. ðə əˈpɪrəns bɪˈkeɪm ˌsætɪsˈfæktəri ˈoʊnli ˈæftər ɪts moʊst ˈrisənt ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən ɪn ɔn 14 sɛpˈtɛmbər 1991 ə "dɪˈreɪnʤd" mæn əˈtækt ðə ˈstæˌʧu ˈdeɪvɪd baɪ ˌmɪkəˈlænʤəˌloʊ wɪθ ə ˈhæmər hi hæd kənˈsild ˈəndər hɪz ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə toʊz əv ðə lɛft fʊt ˌbiˈfɔr biɪŋ ðə ˈsæmpəlz əbˈteɪnd frəm ðət ˈɪnsədənt hɛlpt ˈsaɪəntɪsts dɪˈtərmən ðət ðə ˈmɑrbəl juzd wɑz əbˈteɪnd frəm ðə kˈwɔriz ɪn miseglia*, ðə ˈsɛntrəl əv θri smɔl ˈvæliz ɪn ˌkɑˈrɑrə. ðə ˈstæˌʧu wɑz lɑ pietà*à, əˈnəðər wərk baɪ ˌmɪkəˈlænʤəˌloʊ, ɪz ə 1499 ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˌrɛnəˈsɑns ˈskəlpʧər haʊzd ɪn. ˈpitərz bəˈzɪləkə ɪn ˈvætɪkən ˈsɪti. ɔn 21 meɪ 1972 ˈmɛnəli dɪˈstərbd ʤiˈɑləʤəst ˈlæzloʊ tɑθ, ˈeɪʤɪd 33 əˈtækt ðə ˈstæˌʧu wɪθ ə ˈhæmər waɪl ˈjɛlɪŋ "aɪ æm ˈʤizəs kraɪst!", ˈʧɪpɪŋ ðə ˈvərʤɪn ˈmɛriz lɛft ˈaɪˌlɪd, nɛk, hɛd, veɪl ənd lɛft ˈfɔˌrɑrm; ðə ˈfɔˌrɑrm fɛl ɔn ðə flɔr, ˈkɔzɪŋ ðə ˈfɪŋgərz tɪ breɪk. moʊst ˈbroʊkən ˈpisɪz wər kəˈlɛktəd baɪ ðə ˈsərvɪs ˈpipəl bət səm wər ˈteɪkən baɪ ˈtʊrɪsts. ðə ˈskəlpʧər wɑz rɪˈpɛrd ənd ɪz naʊ prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ˈbʊlətˌpruf glæs. tɑθ wɑz nɑt ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ə kraɪm, bət wɑz faʊnd ˈsoʊʃəli ˈdeɪnʤərəs ənd kənˈfaɪnd fər tu jɪrz tɪ ə ˌsaɪkiˈætrɪk ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən ɪn ɔn 17 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2014 ə ˈloʊkəl flɔˈrɪdiən ˈɑrtɪst,, dɪˈstrɔɪd ə ˈkələrd vɑz baɪ ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈɑrtɪst eɪaɪ ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛst æt ðə ɑrt mˈjuziəm maɪˈæmiz læk əv dɪˈspleɪz baɪ ˈloʊkəl ðə ˈvælju əv ðə vɑz wɑz ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd æt 1 wɑz ˈsəbsəkwəntli ərˈɛstɪd ənd ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈkrɪmənəl ɔn 26 meɪ 2018 ˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈaɪvən ðə ˈtɛrəbəl ənd hɪz sən ˈaɪvən wɑz ˈvændəˌlaɪzd əˈgɛn. ə ˈdrəŋkən mæn græbd ə ˈmɛtəl stænd ənd rɪˈpitɪdli hɪt ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ, ˈʃætərɪŋ ɪts prəˈtɛkʃən glæs, ˈsɪriəsli ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈwʊdən freɪm, ənd ˈtɪrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛntrəl pɑrt əv ðə ˈkænvəs. ˈfɔrʧənətli, ðə moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈditeɪlz əv ðə wərk, ðət ɪz, hɛdz ənd hænz əv ðə ənd hɪz sən, wər ˈlɪpˌstɪk ˈɛdət ɪn 1912 ə jəŋ ˈwʊmən kɪst ðə ˈfɔrhɛd, aɪz ənd noʊz əv ə ˈpɔrtrət baɪ ˈbɔʧər ɪn ðə ˈluvrə. ʃi rɪˈpɔrtədli ˈwɔntɪd tɪ drɔ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ɪn 1977 ruθ væn kɪst ə ˈpeɪnɪŋ baɪ ʤoʊ bɛr æt ðə ˈɑksfərd mˈjuziəm əv ˈmɑdərn ɑrt, ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ traɪ ˈʧɪrɪŋ əp ə "koʊld" ˈpeɪnɪŋ. ʃi wɑz ˈɔrdərd baɪ lɔ tɪ peɪ ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən kɔsts əv ɔn 19 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2007 pəˈlis ərˈɛstɪd ˈɑrtɪst sæm ˈæftər ʃi kɪst ðə ˈkænvəs əv baɪ saɪ tˈwumbli, ˈlivɪŋ ə rɛd ˈlɪpˌstɪk mɑrk. ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk, wɪʧ wɑz wərθ ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd wɑz ɔn dɪˈspleɪ æt ðə mˈjuziəm əv kənˈtɛmpərˌɛri ɑrt ɪn ˈævɪnˌjɔn, fræns. fərst əˈtɛmpts tɪ riˈmuv ðə mɑrk ˈjuzɪŋ əˈbaʊt 30 ˈvɛriəs ˈkɛmɪkəlz wər ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl. sæm wɑz traɪd ɪn ə kɔrt ɪn ˈævɪnˌjɔn fər "ˈvɑləntɛri ˌdɛgrəˈdeɪʃən əv ə wərk əv ɑrt". ʃi dɪˈfɛndɪd hərˈsɛlf baɪ seɪɪŋ tɪ ðə kɔrt: "ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ə kɪs, ə ˈləvɪŋ ˈʤɛsʧər. aɪ kɪst ɪt wɪˈθaʊt ˈθɪŋkɪŋ; aɪ θɔt ðə ˈɑrtɪst wʊd ˌəndərˈstænd... ɪt wɑz ən ɑrˈtɪstɪk ækt prəˈvoʊkt baɪ ðə paʊər əv ɑrt". ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər 2007 sæm wɑz kənˈvɪktəd ənd ˈɔrdərd tɪ peɪ tɪ ðə ˈoʊnər, tɪ ðə ˈævɪnˌjɔn ˈgæləri ðət ʃoʊd ɪt, ənd tɪ ðə ɪn ʤun 2009 ʃi wɑz ˈɔrdərd tɪ peɪ tɪ ðə ˈlæmbərt ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz ˈɛdət ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ 1987 ə mæn neɪmd ˈrɑbərt ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ ˈɛnərd ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgæləri ɪn ˈləndən wɪθ ə ˈʃɑtˌgən kənˈsild ˈəndər hɪz koʊt. hi ðɛn ʃɑt ðə drɔɪŋ ðə ˈvərʤɪn ənd ʧaɪld wɪθ æn ənd ʤɑn ðə ˈbæptɪst baɪ ˌliəˈnɑrdoʊ ˈdiˈeɪ ˈvɪnʧi frəm ə ˈdɪstəns əv əˈbaʊt 2 ˈmitərz 7 fit). ðə ˈpɛləts dɪd nɑt ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt ðə prəˈtɛktɪv glæs, bət ˈʃætərd ɪt, ənd ðə ˈsplɪntərz kɔzd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk. ˈkeɪmbrɪʤ toʊld ðə pəˈlis ðət hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ ɪkˈsprɛs hɪz dɪsˈgəst wɪθ "pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ˈsoʊʃəl ənd ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk kənˈdɪʃənz ɪn ˈbrɪtən"; hi wɑz pleɪst ɪn ə ˈmɛntəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən. ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən əv ðə drɔɪŋ tʊk mɔr ðən ə jɪr tɪ ɪn 1996 kəˈneɪdiən ˈɑrtɪst braʊn rɑul ˈhɑrbər æt lə ɪn ðə ɑrt ˈgæləri əv ɑnˈtɛrioʊ ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ, ənd pjɛt ˌkɑmpəˈzɪʃən wɪθ rɛd ənd blu ɪn ðə mˈjuziəm əv ˈmɑdərn ɑrt ɪn nu jɔrk baɪ dɪˈlɪbərətli ˈvɑmətɪŋ ˈpraɪˌmɛri ˈkələrz ɔn ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 1998 ˈvændəlz poʊkt hoʊlz ɪn tu ˈpeɪnɪŋz baɪ ˌɔˈri ˈmætis, ˈpiənɪst wɪθ ˈʧɛkərz pleɪərz 1924 ənd ðə ˌʤæpəˈniz ˈwʊmən 1901 ɪgˈzɪbətəd ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪˌtoʊˌlaɪn mˈjuziəmz. ðə hoʊlz wər ˈmɛndɪd ɪn ə fju ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 2004 ðə ˌɪzˈreɪli æmˈbæsədər tɪ sˈwidən ˈməzəl traɪd tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk snoʊ waɪt ənd ðə ˈmædnəs əv truθ baɪ laɪts ənd θroʊɪŋ wən əv ðɛm ˈɪntu ə pul ˈkɔzɪŋ ə ʃɔrt ɔn 24 ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2006 ə bɔɪ stək ʧuɪŋ gəm tɪ ˈmɪljən ˈæbˌstrækt ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðə beɪ baɪ ˈhɛlən frankenthaler*, dɪˈspleɪd æt ðə ˈdiˌtrɔɪt ˈɪnstɪˌtut əv ðə mjuˈziəmz ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən læb səkˈsɛsfəli klind ənd rɪˈstɔrd ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ, wɪʧ wɑz pʊt bæk ɔn dɪˈspleɪ ɪn leɪt ʤun ɪn 2007 ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ ðə traɪəmf əv ˈdeɪvɪd baɪ 1640 ɪgˈzɪbətəd æt ðə mɪlˈwɔki ɑrt mˈjuziəm, wɑz əˈtækt baɪ ə mæn wɪθ ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈmɛntəl ˈɪlnəs. hi pʊld ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ ɔf ðə wɔl, ˈstɑmpɪŋ ɔn ɪt ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz. ðə mæn wɑz rɪˈpɔrtədli dɪˈstərbd baɪ ðə ˈɪmɪʤ əv ˈsɛvərd ɪn 2007 ˈvændəlz broʊk ˈɪntu ðə ərˈseɪ mˈjuziəm ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ, sɛt ɔf ðə əˈlɑrm ənd ˈdæmɪʤd ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ brɪʤ æt baɪ klɔd moʊˈneɪ. ðeɪ lɛft ə 4 ɪn) tɪr ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl, ˈiðər wɪθ ə hænd bloʊ ər wɪθ ə ʃɑrp ɪn 2012 ə oʊld mæn pənʧt ə lɑrʤ hoʊl ɪn klɔd moʊˈneɪz ˈbeɪsən wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈseɪlˌboʊt, ˈvæljud æt ˈmɪljən, waɪl ɪt wɑz biɪŋ dɪˈspleɪd æt ðə ˈnæʃənəl ˈgæləri əv ˈaɪərlənd. dɪˈspaɪt ˈkleɪmɪŋ tɪ hæv ə hɑrt kənˈdɪʃən, ə pəˈlis ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən rɪˈvild ðət ðə ækt wɑz dɪˈlɪbərˌeɪt ənd ðə mæn wɑz ʤeɪld fər sɪks ˈæftər 18 mənθs əv ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən wərk, ɔn 1 ˌʤuˈlaɪ 2014 ðə ˈpeɪnɪŋ wɑz ɪn ðə ˈgæləri, bɪˈhaɪnd prəˈtɛktɪv ðə ˌrɛstərˈeɪʃən sɔ 7 əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤd ˈɛriə biɪŋ lɔst, ɪn ə ˈprɔˌsɛs ðət ˌɪnˈvɑlvd soʊɪŋ ˌmaɪkrəˈskɑpɪk θrɛdz bæk si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɛdət ˈrɛfərənsɪz ˈɛdət
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this article is about intentional damage of art. for unintentional damage, see accidental damage of art
vandalism of art is intentional damage of an artwork. the object, usually exhibited in public, becomes damaged as a result of the act, and remains in place right after the act. this may distinguish it from art destruction and iconoclasm, where it may be wholly destroyed and removed, and art theft, or looting.
numerous acts of vandalism against art exhibits are known and some objects, such as mona lisa, night watch and the little mermaid, have been intentionally damaged several times. many vandals were diagnosed with a mental disorder and some, such as hans-joachim bohlmann, had a history of attacking artworks. a vast amount of damage consists of leaving a minor scratch, a stuck chewing gum, a pencil mark and so on, and usually escapes publicity.[1] more visible acts of vandalism were premeditated, as the tool of destruction – a knife, paint, acid or hammer – was intentionally brought to the scene. in most cases, the artworks were restored. restorations were costly and time-consuming and in many cases were followed by shielding the artwork from future attacks.
history of the term [ edit ]
the term vandalisme was coined in 1794 by henri grégoire, bishop of blois, to describe the destruction of artwork following the french revolution. the term originated from the invasion of rome in 455 by the east germanic tribe of vandals, which resulted in destruction of numerous artworks, and was quickly adopted across europe.[2]
repeated vandalism [ edit ]
hans-joachim bohlmann [ edit ]
hans-joachim bohlmann (1937–2009) was a german serial vandal. between 1977 and 2006, he damaged over 50 paintings worth more than 270 million deutsche marks (about 138 million euros) by rubens, rembrandt, dürer and other artists. bohlmann had a personality disorder and was treated in various psychiatric hospitals since a young age. in most acts, he sprayed paintings with sulfuric acid, targeting faces of the personages.[3]
mona lisa exhibit in the the setup ofexhibit in the louvre
mona lisa [ edit ]
mona lisa by leonardo da vinci has long been attracting vandals and is currently one of the best-protected artworks. in 1956, the lower part of the painting was severely damaged when a vandal doused the painting with acid while it was on display at a museum in montauban, france.[4] on 30 december of the same year, a young bolivian named ugo ungaza villegas threw a rock at the painting; this resulted in the loss of a speck of pigment near the left elbow, which was later painted over.[5]
the use of bulletproof glass has shielded the mona lisa from more recent attacks. in april 1974, a handicapped woman, upset by the museum's policy for the disabled, sprayed red paint at the painting while it was on display at the tokyo national museum.[6] on 2 august 2009, a russian woman, distraught over being denied french citizenship, threw a terracotta mug or teacup, purchased at the museum, at the painting in the louvre; the vessel shattered against the glass enclosure.[7][8] in both cases, the painting was undamaged.
night watch [ edit ]
night watch after being cut by william de rijk in september 1975 rembrandt'safter being cut by william de rijk in september 1975
rembrandt's night watch (1642) is one of the most popular paintings at the rijksmuseum in amsterdam. it is viewed by about 4,000 to 5,000 visitors daily with its value estimated at $925,000 in the 1970s. the painting was vandalized on several occasions. on 13 january 1911, an unemployed navy cook tried to cut it with a knife, but could not cut through the thick varnish on the painting.[9][10] in 1975, william de rijk, an unemployed school teacher, cut dozens of zigzag lines in the painting with a knife before he was wrestled by the guards. the day before, de rijk had been turned away from the museum because he arrived after closing time. after the event, he was identified with a mental disorder; he was sent to a psychiatric hospital and committed suicide there on 21 april 1976. it took six months to restore the painting, and traces of the cuts still remain.[10][11][12][13] in 1990, a man threw acid on the painting. the guards managed to quickly dilute it with water so that it penetrated only the varnish layer, and the painting was restored again.[10][14]
the little mermaid [ edit ]
police technicians examine the damage to the little mermaid after it was blasted off its base on 10 september 2003.
the little mermaid is a statue of the mermaid from the fairy tale of the same name by hans christian andersen. the statue is located in the harbor of copenhagen and is an icon and a major tourist attraction of the city. the statue has been damaged and defaced so many times since the mid-1950s that in 2007, copenhagen officials announced that the statue may be moved further out in the harbor to avoid further vandalism and to prevent tourists from climbing onto it.
the main focus of vandalism for the statue has been decapitation. on 24 april 1964, the statue's head was sawn off and stolen by politically oriented artists of the situationist movement. the head was never recovered and a new head was produced and attached to the statue.[15] on 6 january 1998, the statue was decapitated again;[16][17] the culprits were never found, but the head was returned anonymously to a nearby tv station, and re-attached on 4 february.
on the night of 10 september 2003, the statue was knocked off its base with explosives and later found in the harbor's waters. holes were blasted in the mermaid's wrist and knee.[18]
paint has been poured on the statue several times, including one episode in 1963 and two in march and may 2007. on 8 march 2006, green paint was poured over the statue and a dildo was attached to its hand.[15][16]
acid and paint [ edit ]
in 1880, exhibits of the russian painter vasily vereshchagin in vienna caused the opposition of the catholic church, which culminated in an attack on two paintings, holy family (russian: святое семейство) and resurrection (russian: воскресение христово). a monk splashed enough acid on the paintings to virtually destroy them.[19]
in 1974, tony shafrazi wrote "kill lies all" with red spray paint over the work guernica by pablo picasso. shafrazi was ostensibly protesting richard nixon's pardon of william calley for the latter's actions during the my lai massacre. the paint was removed with relative ease from the varnished surface.[20]
on 15 june 1985, rembrandt's 17th-century painting danaë was attacked in the hermitage museum in russia. a man, later judged insane, first threw sulfuric acid on the canvas and then cut it twice with a knife. the entire central part of the composition was virtually destroyed.[21] the restoration took 12 years, between 1985 and 1997; since then, the painting has been protected with an armored glass.[22]
in 1997, alexander brener painted a green dollar sign on kazimir malevich's painting suprematisme. the painting was restored and brener was sentenced to 5 months in prison. during the court case, he said in his defense:[23]
the cross is a symbol of suffering, the dollar sign a symbol of trade and merchandise ... what i did was not against the painting. i view my act as a dialogue with malewitz.
in 2012, uriel landeros spray painted a bull and wrote "conquista" with black spray paint over the work woman in a red armchair by pablo picasso. he was charged with felony graffiti and criminal mischief and sentenced to two years in prison.
in 2017, a terror suspect attacked guards of the louvre museum with machetes and was found carrying "bombs of aerosol paint" intended to "disfigure the masterpieces of the museum."[24]
knife [ edit ]
rokeby venus made by cuts in themade by mary richardson in 1914 using the meat cleaver shown in the top right corner
on 16 january 1913, a 29-year-old iconographer abram balashev attacked the painting ivan the terrible and his son ivan by ilya repin in the tretyakov gallery in moscow. with three knife blows, he cut through the faces of both ivans. balashev was found mentally ill and restricted to a psychiatric hospital. the painting was restored by two leading russian experts within a week; the work was greatly assisted by the availability of good-quality photographs of the painting.[25]
on 10 march 1914, militant suffragette mary richardson walked into the national gallery of london and attacked diego velázquez's painting rokeby venus with a meat cleaver. her action was ostensibly provoked by the arrest of fellow suffragette emmeline pankhurst the previous day,[26] although there had been earlier warnings of a planned attack on the collection. richardson left seven slashes on the painting,[27][28] all of which have been successfully repaired.[26] richardson was sentenced to six months imprisonment, the maximum allowed for destruction of an artwork.[29] in a statement to the women's social and political union shortly afterwards, richardson explained, "i have tried to destroy the picture of the most beautiful woman in mythological history as a protest against the government for destroying mrs. pankhurst, who is the most beautiful character in modern history".[28] she added in a 1952 interview that she didn't like "the way men visitors gaped at it all day long".[30]
the holy family by lorenzo costa at the stedelijk museum amsterdam, with central cuts made by an unknown person in 1969
in september 1969, unidentified persons left long scratches in five paintings at the stedelijk museum amsterdam, with most damage inflicted to the holy family by lorenzo costa.[31]
on 6 april 1978, a 31-year-old dutch artist, disgruntled over the non-payment of his welfare by the amsterdam authorities, made three 30–40 cm long cuts in the center of the painting la berceuse by vincent van gogh at the stedelijk museum amsterdam. a few days earlier, a 27-year-old italian man slashed the painting the adoration of the golden calf by nicolas poussin at the national gallery in london.[11]
in 1986, a man "wishing to take revenge on abstract art" cut with a knife the painting who's afraid of red, yellow and blue iii by barnett newman. the restoration took 5 years and cost $450,000. after serving time in prison, the offender slashed another newman painting.[32]
a rather unusual case, which might not qualify as vandalism, occurred in 1908. an exhibition was set up for may of that year with paintings by claude monet, which had already been praised by critics and were estimated at $100,000 (1908 prices). despite this, monet decided that he was not satisfied with his work and in a sudden move destroyed all the paintings with a knife and a paint brush.[33]
smashing and shattering [ edit ]
on 7 february 1845, the portland vase, a roman cameo glass vase dated to between 5 and 25 bce, was shattered by a drunken william lloyd while on display in the british museum. the vase was pieced together and underwent several further repairs, all not entirely successful. the vase's appearance became satisfactory only after its most recent restoration in 1987.[34]
on 14 september 1991, a "deranged" man attacked the statue david by michelangelo with a hammer he had concealed under his jacket,[35] damaging the toes of the left foot before being restrained.[36] the samples obtained from that incident helped scientists determine that the marble used was obtained from the fantiscritti quarries in miseglia, the central of three small valleys in carrara. the statue was restored.[37]
la pietà, another work by michelangelo, is a 1499 example of renaissance sculpture housed in st. peter's basilica in vatican city. on 21 may 1972, mentally disturbed geologist laszlo toth, aged 33, attacked the statue with a hammer while yelling "i am jesus christ!", chipping the virgin mary's left eyelid, neck, head, veil and left forearm; the forearm fell on the floor, causing the fingers to break. most broken pieces were collected by the service people but some were taken by tourists. the sculpture was repaired and is now protected by bulletproof glass. toth was not charged with a crime, but was found socially dangerous and confined for two years to a psychiatric institution in italy.[38][39][40]
on 17 february 2014, a local floridian artist, maximo caminero, destroyed a coloured vase by the chinese artist ai weiwei in protest at the pérez art museum miami's lack of displays by local artists.[41] the value of the vase was estimated at $1 million.[41] caminero was subsequently arrested and charged with criminal mischief.[41]
on 26 may 2018, repin's painting ivan the terrible and his son ivan was vandalized again. a 37-year-old drunken man grabbed a metal stand and repeatedly hit the painting, shattering its protection glass, seriously damaging the original wooden frame, and tearing the central part of the canvas. fortunately, the most important details of the work, that is, heads and hands of the tzar and his son, were unharmed.[42]
lipstick [ edit ]
in 1912, a young woman kissed the forehead, eyes and nose of a portrait by françois boucher in the louvre. she reportedly wanted to draw attention to herself.[43]
in 1977, 43-year-old ruth van herpen kissed a painting by jo baer at the oxford museum of modern art, claiming to try cheering up a "cold" painting. she was ordered by law to pay the restoration costs of $1,260.[43][44]
on 19 july 2007, police arrested artist rindy sam after she kissed the all-white canvas of phaedrus by cy twombly, leaving a red lipstick mark. the artwork, which was worth an estimated $2,830,000, was on display at the museum of contemporary art in avignon, france. first attempts to remove the mark using about 30 various chemicals were unsuccessful. sam was tried in a court in avignon for "voluntary degradation of a work of art". she defended herself by saying to the court: "it was just a kiss, a loving gesture. i kissed it without thinking; i thought the artist would understand... it was an artistic act provoked by the power of art". in november 2007, sam was convicted and ordered to pay €1,000 to the painting's owner, €500 to the avignon gallery that showed it, and €1 to the painter.[45][46] in june 2009, she was ordered to pay €18,840 to the yvon lambert gallery.[47][48]
firearms [ edit ]
in july 1987, a man named robert cambridge entered the national gallery in london with a sawn-off shotgun concealed under his coat. he then shot the drawing the virgin and child with st anne and st john the baptist by leonardo da vinci from a distance of about 2 meters (7 feet). the pellets did not penetrate the protective glass, but shattered it, and the splinters caused significant damage to the artwork. cambridge told the police that he wanted to express his disgust with "political, social and economic conditions in britain"; he was placed in a mental institution. the restoration of the drawing took more than a year to complete.[49]
in 1996 canadian multi-media artist jubal brown vandalised raoul dufy's harbor at le havre in the art gallery of ontario in toronto, and piet mondrian's composition with red and blue in the museum of modern art in new york by deliberately vomiting primary colors on them.[50]
in january 1998, vandals poked holes in two paintings by henri matisse, pianist with checkers players (1924) and the japanese woman (1901), exhibited in the capitoline museums. the holes were mended in a few days.[51]
in january 2004 the israeli ambassador to sweden zvi mazel tried to destroy the artwork snow white and the madness of truth by unplugging lights and throwing one of them into a pool causing a short circuit.[52]
on 24 february 2006, a 12-year-old boy stuck chewing gum to $1.5 million abstract painting the bay by helen frankenthaler, displayed at the detroit institute of arts.[53] the museum's conservation lab successfully cleaned and restored the painting, which was put back on display in late june 2006.[54]
in 2007, the painting the triumph of david by ottavio vannini (1640), exhibited at the milwaukee art museum, was attacked by a 21-year-old man with a history of mental illness. he pulled the painting off the wall, stomping on it several times. the man was reportedly disturbed by the image of goliath's severed head.[55]
in 2007, vandals broke into the orsay museum in paris in the early morning, set off the alarm and damaged the painting bridge at argenteuil by claude monet. they left a 10-centimeter (4 in) tear in the middle, either with a hand blow or with a sharp object.[56]
in 2012 a 49-year old man punched a large hole in claude monet's argenteuil basin with a single sailboat, valued at €10 million, while it was being displayed at the national gallery of ireland. despite claiming to have a heart condition, a police investigation revealed that the act was deliberate and the man was jailed for six years.[57] after 18 months of restoration work, on 1 july 2014, the painting was re-hung in the gallery, behind protective glass.[58] the restoration saw 7% of the damaged area being lost, in a process that involved sewing microscopic threads back together.[59]
see also [ edit ]
references [ edit ]
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ˈgugəl həz kˈwaɪətli ˈstɑrtɪd ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈgugəl klaʊd ˈsərvɪs, ə nu ˈnɛtˌwərk (cdn*) ðət ʃʊd əˈpil tɪ ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt dɪˈvɛləpərz hu wɔnt ðɛr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz tɪ loʊd kˈwɪkli. fər ɪts ““alpha”*” riˈlis, ˈgugəl ɪz naʊ əkˈsɛptɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃənz frəm ˈpipəl hu wɔnt tɪ traɪ ðə nu ˈsərvɪs, wɪʧ ɪz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ɪn ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəl əˌveɪləˈbɪlɪti. mɔr loʊˈkeɪʃənz wɪl bi ˈædɪd wɪn ðə ˈsərvɪs bɪˈkəmz ˈʤɛnərəli əˈveɪləbəl. klaʊd (ˈkɑntɛnt dɪˈlɪvəri ˈnɛtˌwərk) ˈjuzɪz ˈgloʊbəli dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ɛʤ ˈkæʃɪz tɪ kæˈʃeɪ http(s*) loʊd ˈbælənst ˈkɑntɛnt kloʊz tɪ jʊr users,”*,” ðə ˈprɑdəkt dɪˈskrɪpʃən steɪts. ˈkɑntɛnt æt ðə ˈɛʤɪz əv ˈnɛtˌwərk prəˈvaɪdz ˈfæstər dɪˈlɪvəri əv ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ jʊr ˈjuzərz waɪl rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə loʊd ɔn jʊr servers.”*.” ðɪs ɪz jɛt əˈnəðər pis əv ðə ˈpəzəl ðət wɪl əˈlaʊ ðə ˈgugəl klaʊd ˈplætˌfɔrm tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ ˈəðər ˈmeɪʤər klaʊd prəˈvaɪdərz, spəˈsɪfɪkli ˈmɑrkɪt ˈlidər ˈæməˌzɑn wɛb ˈsərvɪsɪz, wɪʧ ˈɔfərz ðə. ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈæʒər həz ə, ɛz wɛl. tɪ ˈbrɔdən ɪts ˈpəblɪk klaʊd pɔrtˈfoʊliˌoʊ, ˈgugəl həz bɪn ˈstɛdəli ˈædɪŋ ˈfiʧərz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə tul fər ˈstɔrɪŋ ənd ˈɛdɪtɪŋ ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən koʊd. ɪn əˈdɪʃən tɪ ˈfiʧərz, ðə ˈgugəl klaʊd ˈɔlsoʊ kəmˈpits ɔn ðə praɪs əv rɑ klaʊd kəmˈpjutɪŋ ənd ˈstɔrɪʤ ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər. ˈrisəntli, ˈgugəl meɪd ɪt ˈpɑsəbəl fər ˈpipəl tɪ əˈʤəst ðə ˈrisɔrs ˈsaɪzɪz əv ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ˈvərʧuəl məˈʃinz ðeɪ juz ɪn ðə ˈgugəl kəmˈpjut ˈɪnʤən. ˈgugəl ɔˈrɛdi həz ˈpɑrtnərˌʃɪps wɪθ prəˈvaɪdərz laɪk fastly*, cloudflare*, highwinds*, ənd ˈlɛvəl 3 ˈgugəl həz ˈɔlsoʊ wɪθ akamai*, ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈkəmpəˌni ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs. həz bɪˈkəm bɪg wɪθ wɛb ˈsərvɪsɪz ðət nid tɪ pərˈfɔrm wɛl əraʊnd ðə wərld, wɪʧ həz ˈʧælənʤd akamai*, tɪ ə dɪˈgri. naʊ ˈgugəl wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ bi kəmˈpitɪŋ, ˈrəðər ðən ʤɪst ˈpɑrtnərɪŋ. ˈəpˌdeɪt ɔn ˈeɪprəl 18 ðə ˈsərvɪs ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ˈbeɪtə, ˈgugəl sɛd təˈdeɪ.
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google has quietly started offering google cloud cdn service, a new content-delivery network (cdn) that should appeal to independent developers who want their applications to load quickly.
for its “alpha” release, google is now accepting applications from people who want to try the new service, which is limited in geographical availability. more locations will be added when the service becomes generally available.
“google cloud cdn (content delivery network) uses google’s globally distributed edge caches to cache http(s) load balanced content close to your users,” the product description states. “caching content at the edges of google’s network provides faster delivery of content to your users while reducing the load on your servers.”
this is yet another piece of the puzzle that will allow the google cloud platform to compete with other major cloud providers,cifically market leader amazon web services, which offers the cloudfront cdn.
microsoft azure has a cdn, as well. to broaden its public cloud portfolio, google has been steadily adding features, including a tool for storing and editing application code. in addition to features, the google cloud also competes on the price of raw cloud computing and storage infrastructure. recently, google made it possible for people to adjust the resource sizes of individual virtual machines they use in the google compute engine.
google already has partnerships with cdn providers like fastly, cloudflare, highwinds, and level 3.
google has also partnered with akamai, the biggest company in the cdn business. aws cloudfront has become big with web services that need to perform well around the world, which has challenged akamai, to a degree. now google will also be competing, rather than just partnering.
update on april 18: the service is now available in beta, google said today.
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ˈreɪʃəli ʧɑrʤd ʤoʊks ənd səˈlɛbrɪti skˈwɑbəlz ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd ˈmidiə ˈkəvərɪʤ əv iˈmeɪlz likt frəm ˈsoʊni ˈpɪkʧərz læst jɪr, bət ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ðə kæˈʃeɪ wɑz ə dəˈbeɪt bɪtˈwin haɪ ˈlɛvəl ˌɛgˈzɛks ˈoʊvər ðə pəˈzɪʃən ɔn ən ˈɪʃu ðət həz sɪns ɪnˈgəlft ˈwɔʃɪŋtən nɛt nuˈtræləti. ðoʊz iˈmeɪlz, ˌɪnˈkludɪd ɪn ə ˈɑrˌkaɪv əv iˈmeɪlz hækt frəm ˈsoʊni læst noʊˈvɛmbər baɪ ðə əv peace”*” ˈhækɪŋ grup, ɪkˈspoʊz ðə ˈskrutəni əˈplaɪd tɪ nɛt nuˈtræləti baɪ wən əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈmidiə prəˈdusərz. ðə iˈmeɪlz strɛʧ bæk mɔr ðən ə jɪr ənd ˈhaɪˌlaɪt ə ˈməltəˌtud əv kənˈsərnz ˈoʊvər wət wər ðɛn ˈoʊnli pəˈtɛnʃəl rulz ənd ðə ˈlaɪkliˌhʊd ðoʊz rulz wʊd ˌɪnˈfrɪnʤ ɔn əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈkɑmbæt ˈpaɪrəsi, strim ˈfæstər ənd ˈkɑntɛnt tɪ ˈkəstəmərz ənd mɔr. ɪn wən ˈnoʊtəbəl ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ˈsoʊni ˈspɛnsər ˈstɛfənz dɪˈskraɪbd ðə kleɪmz meɪd baɪ ðət ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈsərvɪs prəˈvaɪdərz (isps*) wər θˈrɑtəlɪŋ ðɛr ˈkɑntɛnt ɛz bs.”*.” ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪləˌstreɪt ə dɪsəˈgrimənt bɪtˈwin ˈmeɪʤər ˈmidiə kənˈglɑmərəts laɪk ˈsoʊni ənd ˈsɪləkən ˈkɑntɛnt prəˈdusərz ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv nɛt nuˈtræləti, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈgugəl, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft, ˈæməˌzɑn,, ənd ˈəðərz. ðə iˈmeɪlz bɪˈgɪn ɪn mɑrʧ 2014 ˈʃɔrtli ˈæftər ə ˈfɛdərəl kɔrt ruld əˈgɛnst ðə ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv ˌvɛˈraɪzən, ənd ʧɑrʤd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi wɪθ ˈstɛpɪŋ bɪɔnd ðə baʊndz əv ɪts əˈθɔrəti ˈoʊvər. ɪn ðət ˈərli ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ, ˈsoʊni ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈliə wil əˈgriz wɪθ taɪm ˈwɔrnər ˈʤɛnərəl ˈkaʊnsəl ʤɑn ˈoʊvər hɪz rɪˈləktəns tɪ teɪk ə stæns ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu ɪn ən ˈɪndəstri ˈsteɪtmənt ˈoʊvər ɪts pəˈtɛnʃəl tɪ blɑk ˈsərtən ˈmɛθədz əv dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ ˈkɑntɛnt. meɪ nɑt laɪk wət ðeɪ du ɔn rɛst əv ˈdɑkət ənd maɪt pʊt əp ˈroʊdˌblɑks ɔn haʊ wi dɪˈstrɪbjut content,”*,” roʊt. əˈgri ðət wi hæv ə ˈmeɪʤər steɪk ɪn ðɪs prəˈsidɪŋ bət ʤɪst nɑt klɪr jɛt wət wi wʊd wɔnt tɪ seɪ. nɑt ʃʊr ðɪs ˈfaɪlɪŋ wɪl meɪk ˈjuˈɛs lʊk məʧ laɪk ə ‘‘player.’*.’ simz ˈvɛri θɪn ənd nɑt taɪd tɪ wət spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɪʃuz ðə kəˈmɪʃən ɪz ˈrɛsəlɪŋ with.”*.” ˈleɪtər ðət mənθ, ˈsoʊni ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv vaɪs ˈprɛzɪdənt əv ˈgəvərnmənt əˈfɛrz kiθ ˈwivər sɛd (ˈɪndəstri wi) noʊ wət wi wɔnt seɪ əˈbaʊt ðə roʊl ɔn [nɛt neutrality]”*]” ən ədˈmɪʃən ðət wɑz ˈfərðər ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ɪn meɪ, əraʊnd ðə taɪm ðə wɑz ˈvoʊtɪŋ tɪ bɪˈgɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈdræftɪŋ nu rulz. æt ðə taɪm, ˈsoʊni ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈlɑbiəst ʤɪm ˈmɔrgən roʊt tɪ ˈəðər ˈsoʊni ˌɛgˈzɛks tɪ ˌɪnˈfɔrm ðɛm ðət ə əv ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈkəmpəˌniz həz æst ˈsoʊni tɪ ʤɔɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈʧɛrmən ˈwilər ɪn support”*” əv nɛt nuˈtræləti. nuˈtræləti ɪz kənˈtɛnʃəs, ənd ðə ˈʧɛrmən ɪz əˈpɛrəntli ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ˈpəblɪk ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃənz əv səˈpɔrt ðət wɪl prəˈvaɪd ðə ˈnɛsəˌsɛri pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈkəvər fər ɪm tɪ muv forward,”*,” ˈmɔrgən roʊt. lɪst əv kənˈfərmd ˈsɪgnəˌtɔriz fər ðə ˈlɛtər ɪz əˈtæʧt, ənd ɪt ˌɪnˈkludz boʊθ bɪg neɪmz ˈæməˌzɑn, ˈiˌbeɪ,, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ənd ˈmɛni sˈmɔlər ones.”*.” ˈsoʊni ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən fər fɪr əv ˈteɪkɪŋ ən əˈgrɛsɪv stæns ɔn ən ˈɪʃu ðət kʊd pəˈtɛnʃəli pleɪs ˈroʊdˌblɑks ɪn frənt əv fˈjuʧər ˈbɪznɪs ˈvɛnʧərz. ˈmɔrgən ˈɔlsoʊ əˈgrid wɪθ əˈnəðər ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ðət maɪt nɑt wɔnt tɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd ˈpəblɪkli wɪθ səm əv ðə ˌkoʊəˈlɪʃən members,”*,” səʧ ɛz, ˈtəmblər, bittorrent*, ənd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ hæv ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk vjuz ɔn ˈkɑpiˌraɪt protection.”*.” ɪn ˈleɪtər dɪˈskəʃənz əˈbaʊt wət ˈsoʊni ʃʊd seɪ ɪn ðə oʊn ˈkɑmɛnt ˈfaɪlɪŋ, ˈwivər ˈædvəˌkeɪtɪd ə nuɑnst stæns əˈgɛn ɔn ðə ˈɪʃu əv dɪˈstrɪbjutɪŋ fˈjuʧər fɔrmz əv ˈfæstər, ˈvɪdioʊ ˈkɑntɛnt, wɪʧ ˌɛgˈzɛks fɪrd kʊd bi θˈwɔrtɪd baɪ ðə stæns ðə ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli əˈdɑptəd ˈtritɪŋ ɔl ˈtræfɪk ˈikwəli wɪˈθaʊt ˈlɛtɪŋ ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈbroʊkər dilz fər fæst leɪnz wɪθ. ər ɪn ðə ˈprimiəm ˈkɑntɛnt ˈbɪznɪs ənd du nɑt wɔnt tɪ bi ɔn ˈikwəl ˈfʊtɪŋ wɪθ ə ˈrændəm ənd pop’*’ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈstrimɪŋ service,”*,” ˈwivər roʊt. ““and*, ɪf səkˈsɛsfəl, wi wɔnt tɪ fɔrˈkloʊz opportunities…”*…” ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə seɪm dɪˈskəʃən, ˈmɔrgən kˈwɛsʧənd ˈæˌspɛkts əv haʊ ðə kʊd ˌriəˈlɪstɪkli ɛnˈfɔrs səʧ ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz. kət moʊst əv ðə dɪˈskəʃən əˈbaʊt peɪd aʊt əv ˈdɛfərəns tɪ kənˈsərnz ˈneɪmli ðət ər ˈəðər pɑrts əv ˈsoʊni meɪ wɔnt tɪ teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv peɪd, ənd soʊ wɔnt tɪ bi kənˈstreɪnd baɪ ˈɛni ˈɑrgjəmənts wi meɪk ɪn ðiz comments,”*,” ˈmɔrgən roʊt. həz ˈteɪkən ðə pəˈzɪʃən ðət prəˈtɛktɪŋ ɛʤ prəˈvaɪdərz ənd kənˈsumərz wɪθ nɛt nuˈtræləti rulz ɪnˈkərəʤəz ɛʤ ˌɪnˈvɛstmənt ənd səbˈskrɪpʃən groʊθ, wɪʧ ɪn tərn ɪnˈkərəʤəz ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər investment,”*,” ˈmɔrgən kənˈtɪnjud. θɪŋk ɪt wʊd bi ˈrɪli hɑrd fər ðə tɪ ˌgɛrənˈti ðət juzd ˈrɛvəˌnuz frəm peɪd tɪ fənd nu ˌɪnfrəˈstrəkʧər əˈsumɪŋ ɪt hæd əˈθɔrəti tɪ du soʊ, nɑt ʃʊr haʊ səʧ ə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt kʊd bi ˈifɛktɪvli enforced.”*.” ɪt wɑz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðɪs seɪm dɪˈskəʃən ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2014 ðət ˈwivər ˈdaʊtɪd ðə ˈeɪʤənsi wʊd teɪk ðə əˈgrɛsɪv stɛp əv riˈklæsɪˌfaɪɪŋ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɛz ə ˈpəblɪk juˈtɪləti, wɪʧ ɪt ˈəltəmətli ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ du ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri. kənˈsɛnsəs ɪz ðət ðə ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ du ˈnəθɪŋ ɔn ðɪs ˈɪʃu ər riˈklæsɪˌfaɪ ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɛz ə ˈkɑmən ˈkɛriər (dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈsɛnəmənt ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ðɪs direction),”*),” ˈwivər roʊt. ˈrɪli ə mɔr ˈnɛroʊ pæθ ˈəndər sɛk. 706 tɪ ˈmænɪʤ bɪˈheɪvjər ənd ðə kəˈmərʃəl ˈrizənəˌbəlnəs issues.”*.” ɪn leɪt ˌʤuˈlaɪ ðə grup æst ˈstɛfənz tɪ weigh-in*. ɪn hɪz rɪˈplaɪ, ðə ˈsoʊni ɪkˈspleɪnz ðə ˈtɛknɪkəl ˈæˌspɛkts ənd prəˈvaɪdz ə ˈskeɪðɪŋ æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈɪʃu ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪts ˈprɪnsəpəl prəˈpoʊnənt,. ˌəndərˈstænd waɪ, ər ˌɪnˈdid ˈivɪn haʊ, ə ˈpirɪŋ kəˈnɛkʃən kʊd bi ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd ɪkˈsɛpt ˈpɑsəbli wɪθ ə ˈtrænzɪt prəˈvaɪdər. ˈæftər ɔl ɪf aɪ, ɛz [ˈkɑntɛnt dɪˈlɪvəri ˈnɛtˌwərk] ər mɔr ˈʤɛnərəli ə ˈkɑntɛnt prəˈvaɪdər, meɪk ən əˈgrimənt tɪ kəˈnɛkt dɪˈrɛkli ˈɪntu ən ðɛn ˈʃʊrli ðət ɪz ə ˈpraɪvət ˈbɪznɪs riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp ˈivɪn ɪf ɪt kən bi ˈleɪbəld peering?”*?” ˈstɛfənz roʊt. ˈkænɑt sɛnd ɪts ˈoʊpən ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈtræfɪk ˈoʊvər ðət lɪŋk ənd ˈðɛrˌfɔr ðɛr isn’t*, æd absurdum*, ˈɛni ˈtræfɪk tɪ dɪˈskrɪməˌneɪt əˈgɛnst. ɪt maɪt ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə ˈkɑntɛnt prəˈvaɪdər bɪˈkəz ɪt ɪz ˈʧipər ər gɪts ˈbɛtər pərˈfɔrməns tɪ ðə rɪˈdusɪŋ ðə əˈmaʊnt əv kənˈʤɛsʧən ðət ɪts ˈtræfɪk həz tɪ kəmˈpit wɪθ. ɪt wʊd ˈbɛnəfɪt ðə bɪˈkəz ɪt rɪˈdusɪz ðə əˈmaʊnt əv ˈoʊpən ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈtræfɪk ɪt həz tɪ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ wɪθ ə ˈtrænzɪt prəˈvaɪdər. ˈpirɪŋ ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈtræfɪk ˈɪntu ənd aʊt əv ən, nɑt ˈmænɪʤmənt əv sɛd ˈtræfɪk tɪ ənd frəm ðə consumer.”*.” ɪz ɪgˈzæktli wət həz dən ənd ðɛr kleɪmz ðət ðeɪ hæv bɪn hɛld tɪ ˈrænsəm ər, imho*, kəmˈplit bs.”*.” deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn tɪ səbˈmɪt ə dræft əv ɪts ˈkɑmɛnts ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, ðə ˌɪnˈtərnəl dəˈbeɪt kənˈtɪnjud ɔn ˈwɛðər tɪ faɪl æt ɔl, ɛz ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈsoʊni ˈbɪznɪsɪz ɪn ˈvɪdioʊ, fɪlm, ˈgeɪmɪŋ, mˈjuzɪk, ˈɔnˌlaɪn, ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. pərˈzɛnəd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌɑpərˈtunətiz ənd ˈɑbstəkəlz fər ðə ˈkəmpəˌni. ðə ˈbɑtəm laɪn. nɛt nuˈtræləti rulz ʃʊd nɑt əˈplaɪ tɪ ˈkɑntɛnt prəˈdusərz. [ðə 1996 ˌtɛləkəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ækt] gɪv ðət əˈθɔrəti ənd ðə fri spiʧ point,”*,” ˈwivər roʊt. meɪnˈteɪn ðət ˈsoʊni grup ʃʊd nɑt faɪl, ɛz ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈsoʊni ˈbɪznɪsɪz ər brɔd ənd ðɛr ɪz noʊ kənˈsɛnsəs rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ fər ɪgˈzæmpəl kəˈmərʃəli ˈrizənəbəl peɪd əˈgrimənts. ʃʊr ɛʤ prəˈvaɪdərz laɪk ər ˈkrækəl meɪ əˈpriʃiˌeɪt ðə pəˈzɪʃən təˈdeɪ, bət ðət dɪz ˈæˌdrɛs wət meɪ əˈpil tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ɪn ðə future.”*.” ðən ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt prəˈdusərz (hu ər peɪd əˈgrimənts), noʊ ˈəðər tru ˈkɑntɛnt ˈkəmpəˌniz (ɪn ðə weɪ wi wʊd dɪˈfaɪn ðɛm) hæv faɪld. aɪ θɪŋk bɪˈkəz noʊ wən ˈrɪli noʊz wət tɪ seɪ, soʊ waɪ lɑk ˈjɔrsɛlf ˈɪntu ə position.”*.” ˈsoʊni dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt wɪn ˈkɑnˌtæktɪd baɪ insidesources*. ðə iˈmeɪlz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnt ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt mɪˈskælkjəˈleɪʃən baɪ wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌməltiˈmidiə ʤaɪənts ɔn ðə pæθ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli teɪk ɔn nɛt nuˈtræləti, ənd ðə ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz ˈsoʊni ənd ˈəðərz kən ˈoʊnli gɛs æt əˈhɛd əv ðɛr ˌɪmpəˈzɪʃən ɪn ʤun.
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racially charged jokes and celebrity squabbles dominated media coverage of emails leaked from sony pictures last year, but included in the cache was a debate between high level execs over the company’s position on an issue that has since engulfed washington – net neutrality.
those emails, included in a searchable archive of emails hacked from sony last november by the self-described “guardians of peace” hacking group, expose the scrutiny applied to net neutrality by one of the world’s largest media producers.
the emails stretch back more than a year and highlight a multitude of concerns over what were then only potential fcc rules and the likelihood those rules would infringe on sony’s ability to combat piracy, stream faster and higher-quality content to customers and more.
in one notable exchange, sony cto spencer stephens described the claims made by netflix that internet service providers (isps) were throttling their content as “complete bs.”
they also illustrate a behind-the-scenes disagreement between major media conglomerates like sony and silicon valley-based content producers in favor of net neutrality, including google, microsoft, amazon, netflix, reddit and others.
the emails begin in march 2014 shortly after a federal court ruled against the fcc in favor of verizon, and charged the agency with stepping beyond the bounds of its authority over isps.
in that early exchange, sony general counsel leah weil agrees with time warner general counsel john rogovin over his reluctance to take a stance on the issue in an industry statement over its potential to block certain methods of distributing content.
“we may not like what they do on rest of docket and might put up roadblocks on how we distribute content,” rogovin wrote. “i agree that we have a major stake in this proceeding but just not clear yet what we would want to say. not sure this filing will make us look much like a ‘player.’ seems very thin and not tied to what specific issues the commission is wrestling with.”
later that month, sony executive vice president of government affairs keith weaver said “we (industry we) don’t know what we want say about the fcc’s role on [net neutrality]” – an admission that was further highlighted in may, around the time the fcc was voting to begin the process of drafting new rules.
at the time, sony washington lobbyist jim morgan wrote to other sony execs to inform them that a “coalition of internet companies has asked sony to join a letter to fcc chairman wheeler in support” of net neutrality.
“net neutrality is contentious, and the chairman is apparently looking for public demonstrations of support that will provide the necessary political cover for him to move forward,” morgan wrote. “the list of confirmed signatories for the letter is attached, and it includes both big names – amazon, ebay, netflix, microsoft – and many smaller ones.”
sony eventually declined to join the coalition for fear of taking an aggressive stance on an issue that could potentially place roadblocks in front of future business ventures. morgan also agreed with another executive that “sony might not want to be associated publicly with some of the coalition members,” such as reddit, tumblr, bittorrent, and imgur because they “might have problematic views on copyright protection.”
in later discussions about what sony should say in the company’s own comment filing, weaver advocated a nuanced stance again on the issue of distributing future forms of faster, higher-quality video content, which execs feared could be thwarted by the stance the fcc eventually adopted – treating all traffic equally without letting companies broker deals for higher-cost fast lanes with isps.
“we are in the premium content business and do not want to be on equal footing with a random ‘mom and pop’ video streaming service,” weaver wrote. “and, if successful, we don’t want to foreclose opportunities…”
during the same discussion, morgan questioned aspects of how the fcc could realistically enforce such paid-prioritization regulations.
“i cut most of the discussion about paid prioritization out of deference to keith’s concerns – namely that spe or other parts of sony may want to take advantage of paid prioritization, and so doesn’t want to be constrained by any arguments we make in these comments,” morgan wrote.
“the fcc has taken the position that protecting edge providers and consumers with net neutrality rules encourages edge investment and subscription growth, which in turn encourages isp infrastructure investment,” morgan continued. “i think it would be really hard for the fcc to guarantee that isps used revenues from paid prioritization to fund new infrastructure – assuming it had authority to do so, i’m not sure how such a requirement could be effectively enforced.”
it was during this same discussion in the summer of 2014 that weaver doubted the agency would take the aggressive step of reclassifying the internet as a public utility, which it ultimately voted to do in february.
“the consensus is that the fcc is unlikely to do nothing on this issue or reclassify the internet as a common carrier (despite the public sentiment in support of this direction),” weaver wrote. “so really a more narrow path under sec. 706 to manage anti-competitive behavior and the commercial reasonableness issues.”
in late july the group asked stephens to weigh-in. in his reply, the sony cto explains the technical aspects and provides a scathing analysis of the issue – including its principal proponent, netflix.
“i don’t understand why, or indeed even how, a peering connection could be regulated except possibly with a transit provider. after all if i, as [content delivery network] or more generally a content provider, make an agreement to connect directly into an isp then surely that is a private business relationship even if it can be labeled peering?” stephens wrote.
“the isp cannot send its open internet traffic over that link and therefore there, reductio ad absurdum, any traffic to discriminate against. it might benefit the content provider because it is cheaper or gets better performance to the isp reducing the amount of congestion that its traffic has to compete with. it would benefit the isp because it reduces the amount of open internet traffic it has to exchange with a transit provider. peering is about getting traffic into and out of an isp, not management of said traffic to and from the consumer.”
“this is exactly what netflix has done and their claims that they have been held to ransom are, imho, complete bs.”
days before the company’s deadline to submit a draft of its comments in september, the internal debate continued on whether to file at all, as the range of sony businesses in video, film, gaming, music, online, etc. presented a number of opportunities and obstacles for the company.
“fyi – the bottom line. net neutrality rules should not apply to content producers. [the 1996 telecommunications act] doesn’t give fcc that authority and the free speech point,” weaver wrote. “i maintain that sony group should not file, as the range of sony businesses are broad and there is no consensus regarding – for example – commercially reasonable paid prioritization agreements. sure edge providers like snei or crackle may appreciate the netflix position today, but that does address what may appeal to us in the future.”
“other than the independent producers (who are pro-net neutrality/banning paid agreements), no other true content companies (in the way we would define them) have filed. i think because no one really knows what to say, so why lock yourself into a position.”
sony declined to comment when contacted by insidesources.
the emails represent a significant miscalculation by one of the world’s biggest multimedia giants on the path the government would eventually take on net neutrality, and the implications sony and others can only guess at ahead of their imposition in june.
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groʊɪŋ əp ɪn ðə 90’s*, ˈprɑbəˌbli rɪˈmɛmbər ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə ˈspɛʃəl ˌhæləˈwin ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd əv,., (mgb*), wɪʧ dɪˈrɛkli ˈtrænsˌleɪts tɪ ˈivnɪŋ, nation!”*!” wɑz ə ˈwiˌkɪnd ˈproʊˌgræm ɔn ðət wɑz ˈæŋkərd baɪ mɑnˈwɛl də ˈkæstroʊ, jr*., ˈbɛtər noʊn ɛz ““kabayan”*” də ˈkæstroʊ. aɪ min, ʃʊr, wɑz ə ˌpaɪəˈnɪr ɔn ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪv ˈʤərnəˌlɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz wɪθ ɪts ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈwikli ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz, bət ðoʊz ˈspɛʃəl ˌhæləˈwin ˈɛpɪˌsoʊdz ər ðə wənz wi ˈrɪli ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪd ənd kəmˈplitɪd ɑr undas*. ðə ˌhæləˈwin ˈspɛʃəl ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ʃoʊn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsənˌdi ˈkloʊsəst tɪ noʊˈvɛmbər 1 (sɪns ðə ʃoʊ ˈoʊnli ɛrd ɔn ˈsənˌdiz). ðə ˈərbən ˈlɛʤəndz ənd ˈhɔrər ˈstɔriz ˈfiʧərd ɪn ˌhæləˈwin ˈspɛʃəl həz kɔzd ˈmɛni sˈlipləs naɪts, ˈsɪsi ʃriks, ənd fjuər trɪps tɪ ðə ˈbæθˌrum. fər ðoʊz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər ə trɪp daʊn ˈmɛməri leɪn, ər ər ˈkjʊriəs æt wət kɛpt ðɛr ˈoʊldər ˈsɪblɪŋz əp æt naɪt, hir ər 10 əv ðə ˈskɛriəst ˌhæləˈwin ˈspɛʃəl ˌsɛgˈmɛnts ʧɪl ju tɪ jʊr boʊnz. ˈkæmpəs ˈhɔrər wi ɔl hæv səm kaɪnd əv skul ˈhɔrər ˈstɔri. ɪt ˈjuʒəwəli stɑrts wɪθ haʊ ðə skul juz tɪ bi ən oʊld ˈgreɪvˌjɑrd ər ðət ɪt wɑz juzd ɛz ə ˈdəmpɪŋ saɪt fər dɛd ˈbɑdiz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr. ðɪs ˈstɔri ˈfiʧərz ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz lɔs (uplb*), wɪʧ ɪz wən əv ðə ˈoʊldəst skul ˈkæmpəsɪz ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz. ðə skul wɑz ɔˈrɛdi əraʊnd sɪns ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr, ənd ə pɑrt əv ðə ˈkæmpəs wɑz ˈivɪn juzd ɛz ə ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən kæmp ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə wɔr. ɪn ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ˈfiʧərz ə ˈstudənt ɛz hi tɛlz hɪz pɛrəˈnɔrməl ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪn ðə ˈbeɪkər məˈmɔriəl hɔl əv uplb*. sɑ ˈsəmθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈstudənts meɪks ðɛm proʊn tɪ si ˌsupərˈnæʧərəl biɪŋz ənd ɪkˈspɪriəns aʊt əv ðɪs wərld ˈhæpənɪŋz (ˈmeɪbi ɔl ðə strɛs ˈkɑnstəntli ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ). ðɪs ˈfiʧər tɔks əˈbaʊt ðə ˈskɛri ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz əv ˈstudənts ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ə ˈdɔrməˌtɔri ənd haʊ ə ˈleɪdi ɪn waɪt hɔnts ðɛm ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə naɪt. sɑ məˈnɪlə fɪlm ˈsɛnər ðə məˈnɪlə fɪlm ˈsɛnər həz ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn noʊn tɪ bi ˈhɔntɪd. ðɛn fərst ˈleɪdi ˌɪˈmɛldə ˈmɑrkoʊs hæd ðə ˈstrəkʧər bɪlt ɪn 1981 ənd wɑz ˈfɪnɪʃt ɪn ˈrəfli ə jɪr. ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ həz bɪn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈkɑntrəˌvərsiz bɪˈkəz əv ən ˈæksədənt ðət ˈhæpənd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈsteɪʤɪz əv ɪts kənˈstrəkʃən ɪn 1981 ðə ˈskæfəldɪŋ kəˈlæpst ənd æt list 169 ˈwərkərz fɛl ənd wər ˈbɛrid ˈəndər wɛt sɪˈmɛnt. səm əv ðoʊz ənˈfɔrʧənət kənˈstrəkʃən ˈwərkərz wər ˈnɛvər riˈtrivd frəm ðə ˈæksədənt. bɪˈkəz əv ðɪs, ˈmɛni seɪ ðət ðə goʊst əv ðoʊz hu daɪd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈæksədənt stɪl hɔnt ðə fɪlm ˈsɛnər, tɪl ðɪs deɪ. tɔk əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ wɪrd ˈrɛlətɪvz. ɪn ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd, ə ˈwʊmən tɔks əˈbaʊt hər ɪkˈspɪriəns əv siɪŋ ən, ˈoʊnli tɪ faɪnd aʊt ðət ʃi ˈæˌkʧuəli noʊz hu ðə ɪz. ə ˈprɪti ˈkɑmən θɪŋ hir ɪn ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz tɪ hir ˈstɔriz əraʊnd ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ðət wən əv ðə ˈneɪbərz ɪz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ən. ʃʊr, ðət ˈneɪbər maɪt bi ə bɪt streɪnʤ, bət nɑt ənˈlɛs ju ˈæˌkʧuəli si ðɛm flaɪɪŋ əraʊnd ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə naɪt, wi səˈʤɛst ju kip jʊr kul ənd pʊt ðə ˈpɪʧˌfɔrks əˈweɪ. ˈhirˌseɪ kʊd gɪt ju ˈɪntu ə lɔt əv ˈtrəbəl. sɑ ðɪs ɪz nɑt jʊr ˈtɪpɪkəl ˈhɔntɪd haʊs ˈstɔri. bæd ɪˈnəf ðət ju ɪkˈspɪriəns ðə skɛr əv jʊr laɪf baɪ siɪŋ ə goʊst, bət wət ɪf ðə goʊst ˈfɑloʊz ju əraʊnd ðə haʊs? ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ˈfiʧərz ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr ɛz ʃi tɔks əˈbaʊt haʊ ðə ˈmɛni goʊst ɪn ðɪs ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr haʊs ɪn, ˈtɛrəˌraɪzɪz hər. tərnz aʊt, ðə haʊs ˈæˌkʧuəli həz ə dɑrk pæst ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈmərdər fər ðə ˈpriviəs ˈkɛrˌteɪkərz. sɑ wɪn ju θɪŋk əˈbaʊt, ðə fərst θɪŋ ðət ˈɔfən pɑps ˈɪntu jʊr hɛd ɪz ˈjuʒəwəli ðə ˈstənɪŋ ˈaɪlənd əv boracay*. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðə ˈprɑvɪns ˈæˌkʧuəli həz ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈskɛri ˈstɔriz kip ju əp æt naɪt. ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ɪz stɪl ˈvɛri ˈrʊrəl, soʊ noʊ səˈpraɪz ðət hir ˈstɔriz əˈbaʊt ənd ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. waɪt ˈleɪdi ɪŋ ɪz ə ˈbjutəfli ˈhɔntɪŋ pleɪs (mɔr ɔn ðə ˈhɔntɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈkɑntɛkst). ˈəðər ðən biɪŋ ðə ˈsəmər ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz, ðə ˈsɪti ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn fər ˈmɛni ˈhɔntɪd ˈɛriəz wər lɔst ˈspɪrɪts, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðoʊz hu krɔs tɪ ðə ˈəðər saɪd ˈɔfən ʃoʊ ðɛmˈsɛlvz tɪ ˈpæsərzbi. roʊd ɪz noʊn tɪ bi ˈhɔntɪd baɪ ə waɪt ˈleɪdi, hu ɪz sɛd wɑz ðɪs ˈbjutəfəl juθ hu wɑz reɪpt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈæˌkʧuəli mɔr tɪ hər ðən wət ðə ˈtræʤɪk ˈstɔri sɪz. ˈgælə sɑ ˈvɪlɪʤ ə ˈhɔntɪd haʊs ɪz ˈkripi ɪˈnəf, bət wət əˈbaʊt ə ˈhɔntɪd ˈsəbdɪˌvɪʒən? ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ ɪn sæn ˈpeɪdroʊ ləˈgunə meɪ bi ə ˈbəsəlɪŋ ˌrɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ˈɛriə, bət ə ˈnəmbər əv streɪnʤ ənd ˌənɪkˈspleɪnəbəl ˈsaɪtɪŋz həz ˈhæpənd ɪn ðə saɪt. sɑ ˈvɪdioʊ ˈoʊˈkeɪ, soʊ ðɪs wən ɛz ˈskɛri ɛz ðə ˈəðərz, bət stɪl ˈrɪli ˈkripi. ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt ɪz əˈbaʊt ə goʊst ər səm ˈspɪrɪt wɑz kɔt ɔn fɪlm. wən əv ðə spɔrts koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtər tʊk ə ˈvɪdioʊ əv ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd kɪdz pleɪɪŋ ˈbæskətˌbɔl, wɪn ɔl əv ðə ˈsədən, ə ˈfɪgjər əv ə ʧaɪld rənz ˈɪntu ðə freɪm. noʊ wən kʊd ɪkˈspleɪn hu ðɪs ʧaɪld wɑz ənd nən kʊd rɪˈmɛmbər siɪŋ ðə ʧaɪld ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɪˈvɛnt. ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ɪz ˈivɪn sɛnt tɪ ə prəˈfɛʃənəl tɪ ʧɛk ɪts lɪˈʤɪtəməsi ənd hɛlp ɪkˈspleɪn hu ər wət ðət ˈfɪgjər wɑz. sɑ ðə ˌhæləˈwin ˈspɛʃəl nɑt ˈoʊnli ʃoʊz ˈskɛri ənd ˈhɔntɪd ˈpleɪsɪz ənd ˈstɔriz, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərz ɪz əˈbaʊt haʊ wən ˈpərsən æst tɪ hæv ə ˈstæˌʧu əv ðə ˈdɛvəl, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈeɪnʤəlz, pleɪst ɔn tɔp əv hɪz greɪv. ɑd ˈpleɪsɪz ənd θɪŋz ðət ər ə bɪt streɪnʤ ənd ˈkripi. ðɪs ˌsɛgˈmɛnt
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growing up in the 90’s, you’d probably remember waiting for the special halloween episode of magandang gabi, bayan. magandang gabi, bayan (mgb), which directly translates to “good evening, nation!” was a weekend program on abs-cbn that was anchored by manuel leuterio de castro, jr., better known as “kabayan” noli de castro. i mean, sure, mgb was a pioneer on investigative journalism in the philippines with its interesting weekly episodes, but those special halloween episodes are the ones we really anticipated and completed our undas. the halloween special is usually shown during the sunday closest to november 1 (since the show only aired on sundays). the urban legends and horror stories featured in magandang gabi bayan’s halloween special has caused many sleepless nights, sissy shrieks, and fewer trips to the bathroom.
for those looking for a trip down memory lane, or are curious at what kept their older siblings up at night, here are 10 of the scariest magandang gabi bayan halloween special segments that’ll chill you to your bones.
campus horror
we all have some kind of school horror story. it usually starts with how the school use to be an old graveyard or that it was used as a dumping site for dead bodies during the second world war. this mgb story features university of the philippines los baños (uplb), which is one of the oldest school campuses in the philippines. the school was already around since before the second world war, and a part of the campus was even used as a concentration camp during the war. in this segment features a student as he tells his paranormal experience in the baker memorial hall of uplb.
multo sa dormitoryo
something about students makes them prone to see supernatural beings and experience out of this world happenings (maybe it’s all the stress they’re constantly exposed to). this feature talks about the scary experiences of students living in a dormitory and how a lady in white haunts them during the night.
multo sa manila film center
the manila film center has always been known to be haunted. then first lady imelda marcos had the structure built in 1981 and was finished in roughly a year. the building has been the subject of controversies because of an accident that happened during the final stages of its construction in 1981. the scaffolding collapsed and at least 169 workers fell and were buried under quick-drying wet cement. some of those unfortunate construction workers were never retrieved from the accident. because of this, many say that the ghost of those who died during the accident still haunt the film center, till this day.
lahing aswang
talk about having weird relatives. in this episode, a woman talks about her experience of seeing an aswang, only to find out that she actually knows who the aswang is. it’s a pretty common thing here in the philippines to hear stories around the neighbourhood that one of the neighbours is related to an aswang. sure, that neighbour might be a bit strange, but not unless you actually see them flying around in the middle of the night, we suggest you keep your cool and put the pitchforks away. hearsay could get you into a lot of trouble.
bahay sa tanay
this is not your typical haunted house story. it’s bad enough that you experience the scare of your life by seeing a ghost, but what if the ghost follows you around the house? this segment features a caretaker’s nightmare as she talks about how the many ghost in this particular house in tanay, rizal terrorizes her. turns out, the house actually has a dark past involving the murder for the previous caretakers.
kababalaghan sa aklan
when you think about aklan, the first thing that often pops into your head is usually the stunning island of boracay. however, the province actually has a couple of scary stories that’ll keep you up at night. the majority of aklan is still very rural, so it’s no surprise that you’ll hear stories about manananggals and aswangs in the area.
white lady ng loakan
baguio is a beautifully haunting place (more on the haunting in this context). other than being the summer capital of the philippines, the city is also known for it’s many haunted areas were lost spirits, as well as those who can’t cross to the other side often show themselves to passersby. loakan road is known to be haunted by a white lady, who is said was this beautiful youth who was raped in the area. however, there’s actually more to her than what the tragic story says.
mga kaluluwang gala sa gsis village
a haunted house is creepy enough, but what about a haunted subdivision? the gsis village in san pedro laguna may be a bustling residential area, but a number of strange and unexplainable sightings has happened in the site.
multo sa video
ok, so this one isn’t as scary as the others, but it’s still really creepy. this segment is about a ghost or some spirit was caught on film. one of the sports coordinator took a video of the neighbourhood kids playing basketball, when all of the sudden, a figure of a child runs into the frame. no one could explain who this child was and none could remember seeing the child during the event. the video is even sent to a professional to check its legitimacy and help explain who or what that figure was.
demonyo sa sementeryo
the halloween special not only shows scary and haunted places and stories, but it also features is about how one person asked to have a statue of the devil, instead of the usual angels, placed on top of his grave. odd places and things that are a bit strange and creepy. this segment
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ðə ˈsɪstəm ɪz ə ˈprɑməsɪŋ ˈkɑnsɛpt fər ˈwaɪrlɪs ˈnɛtˌwərks du tɪ ɪts ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ənd səˈsteɪnəbəl ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz wɪˈθaʊt ən ɪkˈstərnəl paʊər sɔrs. tɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðɪs aɪˈdiə, ðə (tɛŋ) wɑz ˈrisəntli ˌɪnˈvɛntɪd, wɪʧ kən ˈifɛktɪvli ˈkɑnvərt ˈæmbiənt məˈkænɪkəl ˈɛnərʤi ˈɪntu ɪˌlɛkˈtrɪsəti tɪ paʊər əp ˈpɔrtəbəl ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks. ɪn ðɪs wərk, ə smɑrt ˈwɪndoʊ ˈsɪstəm wɑz ˈriəˌlaɪzd θru ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪŋ ən dɪˈvaɪs (ecd*) wɪθ ə trænˈspɛrənt tɛŋ ˈdrɪvən baɪ bloʊɪŋ wɪnd ənd ˈreɪnˌdrɑps. ˈdrɪvən baɪ ðə səˈsteɪnəbəl ˈaʊtˌpʊt əv ðə tɛŋ, ðə ˈɑptɪkəl ˈprɑpərtiz, əˈspɛʃəli ðə əv ðə ecd*, dɪˈspleɪ rɪˈvərsəbəl ˌvɛriˈeɪʃənz du tɪ ˌəˌlɛktroʊˈkɛmɪkəl riˈækʃənz. ðə ˈmæksəməm ʧeɪnʤ æt 695 kən bi riʧt əp tɪ wɪʧ ɪz ˈkɑmprəbəl tɪ ðət ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd baɪ ə kənˈvɛnʃənəl ˌəˌlɛktroʊˈkɛmɪkəl ðɪs ˈrisərʧ ɪz ə səbˈstænʃəl ədˈvænsmənt təˈwɔrd ðə ˈpræktɪkəl ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ənd ˈsɪstəmz.
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the self-powered system is a promising concept for wireless networks due to its independent and sustainable operations without an external power source. to realize this idea, the triboelectric nanogenerator (teng) was recently invented, which can effectively convert ambient mechanical energy into electricity to power up portable electronics. in this work, a self-powered smart window system was realized through integrating an electrochromic device (ecd) with a transparent teng driven by blowing wind and raindrops. driven by the sustainable output of the teng, the optical properties, especially the transmittance of the ecd, display reversible variations due to electrochemical redox reactions. the maximum transmittance change at 695 nm can be reached up to 32.4%, which is comparable to that operated by a conventional electrochemical potentiostat (32.6%). this research is a substantial advancement toward the practical application of nanogenerators and self-powered systems.
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ˌmɪniˈæpəlɪs ðə ˌmɪnɪˈsoʊtə ˈvaɪkɪŋz əˈnaʊnst ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun ðeɪd saɪnd tu əv ðə pleɪərz hu traɪd aʊt fər ðə tim ˈdʊrɪŋ ɪts ˈrʊki kæmp læst ˈwiˌkɪnd. wən əv ðɛm ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪt ə bɪt əv kənfˈjuʒən fər ɛz lɔŋ ɛz hiz əraʊnd. ˈfɔrmər ˌɪləˈnɔɪz steɪt ˈlaɪnˌbækər maɪk ˈzɪmər, hu wɑz ɪn ðə ˈʤæksənˌvɪl ˈʤægˌwɑrz' kæmp læst ˈsizən, saɪnd wɪθ ðə tim, wɛr hil wərk wɪθ ˈlaɪnˌbækərz koʊʧ ˈædəm ˈzɪmər, sən əv hɛd koʊʧ (ənd ˈfɔrmər ˌɪləˈnɔɪz steɪt ˈlaɪnˌbækər) maɪk ˈzɪmər. gɑt ɔl ðət? ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd ðə ˈlaɪnˌbækər ənd koʊʧ ər nɑt rɪˈleɪtɪd. ðæts ə rɪˈlif, sɪns ɪt minz wɪr nɑt ɪn wən əv ðoʊz ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz dɑk braʊn wɔrnd ˈjuˈɛs əˈbaʊt, wɛr ðə ˈspeɪˌstaɪm kənˈtɪnjuəm kən bi tɔrn əˈpɑrt ɪf ˈmɑrti məkˈflaɪ wər tɪ rən ˈɪntu hɪz fˈjuʧər sɛlf. naʊ ðət wiv gɑt ðət ʤoʊk aʊt əv ɑr ˈsɪstəm, ɔn tɪ ðə nəts ənd boʊlts əv ðə ˈrɑstər muvz: ðə ˈvaɪkɪŋz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈædɪd ˈlaɪnˌbækər dɑm dɪˈʧikoʊ, hu pleɪd ɪn 20 geɪmz wɪθ ðə ʃəˈkɑˌgoʊ bɛrz frəm ənd spɛnt ðə 2013 ˌpriˈsizən wɪθ ðə ˈtæmpə beɪ ˌbəkəˈnirz. tɪ meɪk rum fər ðə tu pleɪərz, ðeɪ riˈlist gɑrd ənd kˈwɔrtərˌbæk ˈtrævɪs ˈpɑrtrɪʤ, hu hæd saɪnd wɪθ ðə tim ɛz fri ˈeɪʤənts. ðɛr ju goʊ: ə ˈlɪtəl nuz, ə ˈlɪtəl ˈhjumər, ɔl ɪn ə ˈtaɪdi poʊst. wət mɔr kʊd ju wɔnt?
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minneapolis -- the minnesota vikings announced on monday afternoon they'd signed two of the players who tried out for the team during its rookie camp last weekend. one of them is going to create a bit of confusion for as long as he's around.
former illinois state linebacker mike zimmer, who was in the jacksonville jaguars' camp last season, signed with the team, where he'll work with linebackers coach adam zimmer, son of head coach (and former illinois state linebacker) mike zimmer. got all that?
the vikings clarified the linebacker and coach are not related. that's a relief, since it means we're not in one of those situations doc brown warned us about, where the space-time continuum can be torn apart if marty mcfly were to run into his future self.
now that we've got that joke out of our system, on to the nuts and bolts of the roster moves: the vikings also added linebacker dom decicco, who played in 20 games with the chicago bears from 2011-12, and spent the 2013 preseason with the tampa bay buccaneers. to make room for the two players, they released guard conor boffeli and quarterback travis partridge, who had signed with the team as undrafted free agents.
there you go: a little news, a little humor, all in a tidy 220-word post. what more could you want?
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ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs ˌbibiˈsi nuz læbz. 18 ˈgugəl trænzˈleɪt, bɪŋ trænzˈleɪtər ˈæməˌzɑn ˈɛkoʊ lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs taɪmz 10 2006 10 2019 80 ˈmidiə ˈpleɪˌbæk ɪz ənsəˈpɔrtɪd ɔn jʊr dɪˈvaɪs
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автоматизированный перевод с английского на русский, компьютерная озвучка видеосюжетов, синтетические голоса – все это составные части нового экспериментального проекта, запущенного русской службой би-би-си и инновационным подразделением bbc news labs.
начиная с 18 апреля на сайте русской службы би-би-си можно будет смотреть видеоролики, автоматически переведенные на русский язык и озвученные искусственными голосами.
я почти уверен в том, что мы - первая медиа-компания в мире, устроившая такой эксперимент. видеоролики, сделанные живыми журналистами, остаются на сайте в разделе "видео".
многие знают, что такое сири. все мы, скорее всего, время от времени пользуемся онлайн-переводчиками, типа google translate, bing translator или яндекс переводчик.
у кого-то из нас дома уже может даже стоять amazon echo – новый домашний помощник, реагирующий на голос .
автоматизация касается многих областей человеческой жизни, и новости не остаются в стороне (взять хотя бы недавнее появление ботов, рассылающих новости от имени медиа-организаций).
одна из моих профессиональных задач на би-би-си – поиск, анализ и внедрение в журналистский обиход новых технологий, которые повышают эффективность работы редакции, позволяют журналистам меньше времени тратить на скучные задания, способствуют росту аудитории на цифровых платформах – на сайтах, в мессенджерах, в соцсетях.
идей вокруг масса, пробовать приходится много, но по-настоящему полезных мало.
этот проект – по автоматизации перевода и озвучки видеосюжетов - мы готовили довольно давно: нужно было "сшить" вместе несколько систем, научить их общаться и понимать друг друга, найти высококачественные синтезированные голоса.
нам также пришлось убедить редакции в том, что делается это не для того, чтобы рано или поздно избавиться от живых людей и отдать производство новостей роботам (хотя примеров автоматизаци новостей довольно много – los angeles times уже давно разрешила роботам писать про регулярно происходящие в регионе землетрясения).
видео на русской службе существует уже 10 лет – помню, что первый сюжет с экраном размером со спичечный коробок мы опубликовали в марте 2006 года.
за 10 лет видео стало по-настоящему неотъемлемым форматом любого онлайн-издания, и, по одному из прогнозов, к 2019 году 80% мирового интернет-трафика будет приходиться именно на видео.
нам очень интересно узнать, что автоматизация видеопроизводства может добавить к уже существующему разделу русской службы.
мы отдаем себе отчет в том, что кому-то новая технология может не понравиться: мы внимательно изучим ваши комментарии (вы можете оставить их здесь).
конечно, это эксперимент. безусловно, качество перевода оставляет желать лучшего, и его исправляет живой редактор.
однозначно, искусственные голоса пока не идеальные, но при этом многие, кто слышит их впервые, удивляются, насколько естественно они звучат. голосов пока два: зовут их милена и юрий, в клипе ниже они рассказывают пару слов о себе
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с декабря первый такой проект мы запустили на сайте новостей би-би-си на японском языке.
начав получать письма от аудитории, мы были поражены, что реакция зрителей была исключительно положительной.
"я и не знал, что такое можно сделать, я как будто в будущее заглянул, я только одно могу сказать – потрясающе", - пишет один посетитель сайта новостей би-би-си на японском языке.
"я не говорю на английском и ждал появления такой штуки уже очень давно. я понимаю, что слушаю компьютерный голос, но понимать его легко, спасибо!" - пишет другой.
"было бы здорово, если бы вы заодно показывали английский текст в виде субтитров", - просит третий. работа над субтитрами уже ведется!
проанализировав данные просмотра автоматических роликов, мы были приятно удивлены и тем, что эти показатели мало чем отличаются от показателей роликов, сделанных журналистами – это касается и частоты захода, и длительности просмотра, и нескольких других показателей.
мне это говорит о том, что японская публика уже достаточно готова к такому продукту и что синтезированные голоса ее не особенно раздражают. очень интересно будет посмотреть на показатели клипов на русском языке.
в ближайшие месяцы мы планируем запустить подобный сервис на еще нескольких языках – главным образом, мы преследуем две цели.
первая – предоставить аудитории би-би-си на иностранных языках больше видео, чем редакции способны произвести вручную, и вторая – оценить перспективы новых технологий и продолжать искать новые решения, с помощью которых они могут помочь журналистике в будущем.
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jerusalem—ending* ə strɪkt, ˌproʊəˈbɪʃən əv ðə kənˈsəmʃən əv bists, ðə wərld rəˈbɪnɪkəl ˈkaʊnsəl əˈnaʊnst ˈtuzˌdeɪ ðət ʤuz ˈwərldˈwaɪd meɪ "dɪg ɪn tɪ ðə dɪˈlɪʃəs teɪst əv hæm." "ðə ʤuɪʃ ˈpipəl hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz hæd ðə ˈətˌmoʊst ˈrɛvərəns fər ðə lɔz əv gɑd, ɛz ˈhændɪd daʊn frəm ˈeɪbrəˌhæm tɪ hɪz sən ˈaɪzɪk, tɪ hɪz sən ˈʤeɪkəb. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, frəm taɪm tɪ taɪm, ɪt ɪz ˈnɛsəˌsɛri tɪ meɪk slaɪt riˈvɪʒənz ənd tɪ ðiz lɔz," sɛd ˈkaʊnsəl ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈræˌbaɪ ˈmɛnəhɛm ˈseɪpərstin, ˈsəkɪŋ ɔn ə hambone*, hɪz waɪt bɪrd soʊkt wɪθ ˈsəkjəlɪnt hæm drippings*. "ɛz noʊ lɛs ə ˈskɑlər ðən ˈmoʊzɪs wəns roʊt, 'ʧeɪnʤ ɪz ðə weɪ əv ðə lɔrd.'" ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈædɪd ˈseɪpərstin, "mmm…*… ðɪs ɪz səm ˈteɪsti hæm." əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈræˌbaɪ ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfaɪnbərg, hɛd əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑŋgrəs əv ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ˈræˌbaɪz, ðə ˈnuli əˈpruvd hæm wɪl bi ˌɪnˈkɔrpərˌeɪtɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈnəmbər əv ʤuɪʃ ˈkəstəmz. "ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈpæˌsoʊvər ˈseɪdər, wɪʧ kəˈmɛmərˌeɪts ɑr ˈpipəlz dɪˈlɪvərəns frəm sˈleɪvəri ɪn ˈiʤɪpt, wi wɪl rɪˈmɛmbər ðə deɪ gɑd brɔt ˈjuˈɛs ˈəntu ðə lænd əv mɪlk ənd ˈhəni baɪ ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ə tɔl glæs əv mɪlk wɪθ ə θɪk slaɪs əv hæm," ˈfaɪnbərg sɛd. "ənd ˈʤɔɪnɪŋ ðə ənd ɔn ðə ˈseɪdər pleɪt wɪl bi ə hæm roʊl, ˈsɪmbəˌlaɪzɪŋ ðə ˈʤusi, teɪst əv ˈfridəm." ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈfaɪnbərg ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ən əˈbriviˌeɪtɪd ˈvərʒən əv ˈpæˌsoʊvər, tɪ bi kɔld hamover*, wɪl bi əbˈzərvd ɔn ðə θərd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ əv ˈɛvəri mənθ. ðə nu ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ, hi sɛd, wɪl ˌɪnˈvɑlv "ðə ˈitɪŋ əv tənz əv hæm." ˈseɪpərstin wɪl əˈfɪʃəli əˈnaʊns ɔl ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈdaɪəˌtɛri koʊd nɛkst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈdʊrɪŋ ə wərld rəˈbɪnɪkəl ˈkaʊnsəl ˈkʊˌkaʊt æt ðə ˈweɪlɪŋ wɔl. ðoʊ səm əv ðə ˈditeɪlz hæv jɛt tɪ bi wərkt aʊt, moʊst ˈnoʊtəbli ðoʊz ˌɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ðə ˈkoʊʃər ˈstætəs əv ˈrɛdaɪ ˈgreɪvi ənd ðə ˌɪnˌtərprɪˈteɪʃən əv "ɔl ðə ˈtrɪmɪŋz," ˈseɪpərstin sɛd hi wʊd strɛs ðə ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt roʊl hæm həz pleɪd ɪn hɪz ˈpipəlz ˈeɪnʧənt ruts. "ɛz ɪt ɪz ˈrɪtən ɪn ˈʤɛnəsəs, noʊə hæd ə sən neɪmd hæm, hu wɑz ðə ˈfɑðər əv ɔl ˈkeɪnən," ˈseɪpərstin sɛd. "frəm ðɪs deɪ fɔrθ, wi ʃæl ˈɑnər noʊəz ˈgreɪtəst sən baɪ əv ðə flɛʃ wɪʧ ʃɛrz hɪz neɪm." ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt ˈseɪpərstin ˈɔlsoʊ ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðə ˈkɑmplɛks əv ðə lɛnd ˈkridəns tɪ ðə ˈθɪri ðət ˈeɪbrəˌhæm bɔr ə sən neɪmd bakon*, ənd ðət wən əv ˈdeɪvɪdz ˌɪnˈlɔz wɑz noʊn ɛz ˈzibələn bar-sausage*. ˈʃɔrtli ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə əˈnaʊnsmɛnt, ˈɔrθəˌdɑks ʤuz əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri stɔrmd ˈgroʊsəri stɔrz, ˈfɛvərˌɪʃli baɪɪŋ əp ɔl ðə hæm ðeɪ kʊd ˈkɛri. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "kænd hæm, smoʊkt hæm, slaɪst hæm, ˈpɑtɪd hæm, hæm wər ɔl flaɪɪŋ aʊt əv hir," sɛd krɪs dɪˈnɑrˌdoʊ, ˈmænɪʤər əv ə ˈbʊʧər ʃɑp ɪn bəroʊ pɑrk, ə həˈsɪdɪk ˈneɪbərˌhʊd ɪn ˈbrʊklɪn. "ʤɪst læst wik, ðoʊz seɪm ˈkəstəmərz wʊd stɛr æt ðoʊz hæmz fər aʊərz ˌbiˈfɔr sˈləmpɪŋ ɔf wɪθ ə roʊst ˈtərki." "læst naɪt, faɪv ər sɪks əv ðoʊz ˈfɛləs wɪθ ðə lɔŋ bɪrdz ənd blæk hæts keɪm ɪn hir ənd ræn əp ə 564 bɪl," sɛd ʤæk ˈbərkɪt, ˈoʊnər əv sˈmoʊki ʤæks ˈbɑrbɪˌkju ɪn ˈrɑki maʊnt, nc*. "ˈɛvəri taɪm wid brɪŋ ðɛm ə pleɪt, ðeɪd ʤɪst ʧoʊk aʊt ðə wərdz, 'mɔr pɪg,' bɪtˈwin baɪts." ðoʊ ðə dɪˈpɑrʧər frəm trəˈdɪʃənəl ˈkoʊʃər lɔ meɪ sim laɪk ə ˈrædɪkəl ʧeɪnʤ, ʤuɪʃ ˈɛldərz pɔɪnt aʊt ˈprɛsəˌdɛnts səʧ ɛz ɪkˌspɛrɪˈmɛntəl jɑm ˈlɑbstər ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ, ənd strɛs ðət ˈʤudiˌɪzəm ɪz nɑt əˈbəv ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt "ðə ərˈɪʤənəl koʊdz wər sɛt daʊn ˈθaʊzənz əv jɪrz əˈgoʊ baɪ ə noʊˈmædɪk ˈpipəl wɪθ noʊ ˈnɑlɪʤ əv rɪˌfrɪʤərˈeɪʃən, prəˈzərvətɪvz ər dɪˈziz kənˈtroʊl," sɛd ˈræˌbaɪ ˌbɑˈruk əv jɪˈʃivə ˌjunəˈvərsəti. "waɪl wi rɪˈteɪn ˈmɛni əv ðiz trəˈdɪʃənz tɪ ˈɑnər ɑr ˈænˌsɛstərz ənd ɑr gɑd, wi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ðeɪ ər ənˈnɛsəˌsɛri frəm ə ˈpræktɪkəl ˈstændˌpɔɪnt. hæv ju ˈɛvər smɛld ˈbeɪkən fraɪɪŋ? ɔɪ, veɪ, haʊ maɪ maʊθ ˈwɔtərz." "fər sɪks məˈlɛniə, ðə ˈstɔri əv ðə ʤuɪʃ ˈpipəl həz bɪn ðə ˈstɔri əv sərˈvaɪvəl," ˌbɑˈruk sɛd. "bət ˈivɪn ðə moʊst ˌɪndəˈstrəktɪbəl reɪs wʊd luz ðɛr wɪl tɪ lɪv ˈæftər jɪrz əv ˈbrɪskət."
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jerusalem—ending a strict, six-millennia prohibition of the consumption of cloven-hoofed beasts, the world rabbinical council announced tuesday that jews worldwide may "dig in to the delicious taste of ham."
"the jewish people have always had the utmost reverence for the laws of god, as handed down from abraham to his son isaac, to his son jacob. however, from time to time, it is necessary to make slight revisions and modernizations to these laws," said council president rabbi menachem saperstein, sucking on a hambone, his white beard soaked with succulent ham drippings. "as no less a talmudic scholar than moses maimonides once wrote, 'change is the way of the lord.'"
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added saperstein, "mmm… this is some tasty ham."
according to rabbi david feinberg, head of the american congress of orthodox rabbis, the newly approved ham will be incorporated into a number of jewish customs.
"during the passover seder, which commemorates our people's deliverance from slavery in egypt, we will remember the day god brought us unto the land of milk and honey by drinking a tall glass of milk with a thick slice of honey-glazed ham," feinberg said. "and joining the charoses and maror on the seder plate will be a ham roll, symbolizing the juicy, mouth-watering taste of freedom."
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feinberg also noted that an abbreviated version of passover, to be called hamover, will be observed on the third saturday of every month. the new holiday, he said, will involve "the eating of tons of ham."
saperstein will officially announce all the changes to the dietary code next friday during a world rabbinical council cookout at the wailing wall. though some of the details have yet to be worked out, most notably those involving the kosher status of redeye gravy and the talmudic interpretation of "all the trimmings," saperstein said he would stress the important role ham has played in his people's ancient roots.
"as it is written in genesis, noah had a much-beloved son named ham, who was the father of all canaan," saperstein said. "from this day forth, we shall honor noah's greatest son by partaking of the flesh which shares his name."
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saperstein also noted that the complex genealogies of the pentateuch lend credence to the theory that abraham bore a son named bakon, and that one of david's in-laws was known as zebulon bar-sausage.
shortly following the announcement, orthodox jews across the country stormed grocery stores, feverishly buying up all the ham they could carry.
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"canned ham, smoked ham, sliced ham, potted ham, ham loaf—they were all flying out of here," said chris dinardo, manager of a butcher shop in borough park, a hasidic neighborhood in brooklyn. "just last week, those same customers would stare longlingly at those hams for hours before slumping off with a roast turkey."
"last night, five or six of those fellas with the long beards and black hats came in here and ran up a $564 bill," said jack burkett, owner of smoky jack's bbq in rocky mount, nc. "every time we'd bring them a plate, they'd just choke out the words, 'more pig,' between bites."
though the departure from traditional kosher law may seem like a radical change, jewish elders point out precedents such as 1977's experimental yom lobster holiday, and stress that judaism is not above modification.
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"the original codes were set down thousands of years ago by a nomadic people with no knowledge of refrigeration, preservatives or disease control," said rabbi eliyahu baruch of yeshiva university. "while we retain many of these traditions to honor our ancestors and our god, we recognize that they are unnecessary from a practical standpoint. have you ever smelled bacon frying? oy, vey, how my mouth waters."
"for six millennia, the story of the jewish people has been the story of survival," baruch said. "but even the most indestructible race would lose their will to live after 6,000 years of brisket."
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ɪz ðɛr ə ˈbɛtər dɪˈlɛmə ðən ˈgɪtɪŋ tɪ ə ˈrɛkərd stɔr ɔn ə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ənd ˈhævɪŋ tu ˈmɛni greɪt nu rɪˈlisɪz tɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd bɪtˈwin? nɑt ə ˈkɑmən fəˈnɑməˌnɑn ˈkɛrfəl ˈleɪbəl taɪps ˈjuʒəwəli ˈstədi ˈælbəm riˈlis ˈlɪstɪŋ fərˈɛnsɪkəli fər ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt riˈlis deɪt, ɛz tɪ nɑt bi ɪn dɪˈrɛkt ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən wɪθ ˈəðər strɔŋ rɪˈlisɪz. ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ðeɪ məst ˈsɪmpli ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ spɔɪl ˈjuˈɛs. wət əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈklæsɪk riˈlis deɪts ɪn mˈjuzɪk ˈhɪstəri? meɪ 16 1966 ðə biʧ boys’*’ sounds’*’ ənd bɑb ɔn blonde’*’ boʊθ hɪt ʃɛlvz ɔn ðɪs deɪ, bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈvaɪtəl ˈʧæptərz ɪn nɑt ʤɪst iʧ acts’*’ kərɪr, bət ɪn ðə sprɔl əv ɔlˈtərnətɪv mˈjuzɪk. noʊˈvɛmbər 22 1968 ðə beatles’*’ album’*’ ənd ðə kinks’*’ grin ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən society’*’ boʊθ keɪm aʊt ɔn ðɪs deɪ ðət fər ə ˈlændˌmɑrk deɪ ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ rɑk ‘‘n’*’ roʊl? ˈfɛbruˌɛri 11 1985 ˈwɪtni houston’*’ ənd ðə smiths’*’ ɪz murder’*’ ˌɪˈmæʤən ðɛr wər ˈmɛni ˈpipəl wɪθ boʊθ ðoʊz ˈælbəmz ɪn ðɛr ˈbæskət ðət riˈlis deɪ, bət boʊθ ˈhjuʤli ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈrɛkərdz ɪn ðɛr oʊn raɪt. sɛpˈtɛmbər 24 1991 tu ˈnɔɪzi smashers*, ‘‘nevermind’*’ ənd ˈpraɪməl ‘‘screamadelica’*’, keɪm aʊt ɔn ðɪs deɪ, prɪˈzuməbli ˈspɑrkɪŋ ə ˈsədən sərʤ ɪn jəŋ ˈpipəl rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ˈhirɪŋ eɪdz ˈæftər rɪˈpitɪd ˈlɪsənz æt ˈvɑljumz. ðɛn əv kɔrs ðɛr wɑz rɛd hɑt ˈʧɪli peppers’*’ ˈʃʊgər sɛks magik’*’, ˈɔlsoʊ ˈhɪtɪŋ ˈrɛkərd stɔr ʃɛlvz ðət deɪ, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ˈhɪˌphɔp kru ə traɪb kɔld kəlt ˈklæsɪk loʊ ɛnd theory’*’ ənd (ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs) ðə ˈdeɪbju ˈælbəm baɪ ə ækt kɔld blər (‘‘leisure’*’). ən deɪ. noʊˈvɛmbər 19 1991 fər ðoʊz ˈwɑnɪŋ ən ˈɪnstənt, stərɪŋ ˈsteɪdiəm rɑk əˈdrɛnələn rəʃ, ðɛr wɑz baby’*’. fər ðoʊz ˈwɑnɪŋ ˈsəmθɪŋ ə ˈlɪtəl ˈsətələr, ðɛr wɑz tɔk ˌəndərˈreɪtɪd stock’*’. ənd fər ðoʊz nɑnˈpləst baɪ ðiz tu, ˈmaɪkəl ‘‘dangerous’*’ wɑz ˈoʊnli ə wik əraʊnd ðə ˈkɔrnər. (ˈmoʊbəl) noʊˈvɛmbər 4 1991 ˈɛvriˌwən rɪˈmɛmbərz maɪ ˈblədi ‘‘loveless’*’ bət fərˈgɛt ‘‘bandwagonesque’*’ baɪ kriˈeɪʃən ˈrɛkərdz pɪrz ˈtiˌneɪʤ fanclub*, ˈɔlsoʊ riˈlist ɪn taɪm tɪ ˈsaʊnˌtræk gaɪ fɔks deɪ ˈfaɪrˌwərks ɪn 1991 kəˈbum. mɑrʧ 8 1994 naɪn ɪnʧ nails’*’ ˈdaʊnwərd spiral’*’ ənd ‘‘superunknown’*’ boʊθ əraɪvd ɔn ðɪs deɪ, fər ə ˈdəbəl doʊs əv ˈfəzi gɪˈtɑr ˈgʊdnɪs. meɪ 10 1994 ə ˈmaɪlˌstoʊn deɪ ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkɑlɪʤ rɑk, album’*’ ənd ˈsəni deɪ ril ‘‘diary’*’ boʊθ ˈlændɪd ɔn ðɪs deɪ. boʊθ ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋli ˈɑnəst ʤɛmz, wɪθ ə hænd ɪn kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈiˌmoʊ ɪkˈsploʊʒən ðət dɪˈfaɪnd məʧ ˈərli rɑk. ˈsævi ˈrɛkərd stɔr ˈoʊnərz kʊd hæv ˈboʊlstərd seɪlz baɪ ˈɔfərɪŋ ˈklinəks wɪn ju baɪ boʊθ æt ðə seɪm taɪm. meɪ 24 1994 ˈnəθɪŋ bət ə number’*’ ənd ˈbisti boys’*’ communication’*’ boʊθ drɑpt ɔn ðɪs deɪ tu ˈsaɪzmɪk rɪˈlisɪz ðət kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈɪnfluəns təˈdeɪ. ʤun 13 1995 ðɪs deɪ sɔ ɑˈlɑnɪs ˈlɪtəl pill’*’ ənd ‘‘post’*’ boʊθ riˈlist ə strɔŋ deɪ fər fænz əv strɔŋ ˌɪnəˈveɪʃən. deɪts ˈgɪvɪn ər ˈjuˈɛs riˈlis deɪts
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is there a better dilemma than getting to a record store on a friday and having too many great new releases to decide between? it’s not a common phenomenon – careful label types usually study album release listing forensically for the perfect release date, as to not be in direct competition with other strong releases. sometimes they must simply decided to spoil us. what about these classic release dates in music history?
may 16 1966
the beach boys’ ‘pet sounds’ and bob dylan’s ‘blonde on blonde’ both hit shelves on this day, becoming vital chapters in not just each acts’ career, but in the sprawl of ’60s alternative music.
november 22 1968
the beatles’ ‘white album’ and the kinks’ ‘village green preservation society’ both came out on this day – how’s that for a landmark day in british rock ‘n’ roll?
february 11 1985
whitney houston’s ‘whitney houston’ and the smiths’ ‘meat is murder’ – can’t imagine there were many people with both those albums in their basket that release day, but both hugely important records in their own right.
september 24 1991
two unfathomably noisy smashers, nirvana’s ‘nevermind’ and primal scream’s ‘screamadelica’, came out on this day, presumably sparking a sudden surge in young people requiring hearing aids after repeated listens at buffalo-exploding volumes. then of course there was red hot chili peppers’ ‘blood sugar sex magik’, also hitting record store shelves that day, not to mention hip-hop crew a tribe called quest’s cult classic ‘the low end theory’ and (in the us) the debut album by a little-known act called blur (‘leisure’). an era-defining day.
november 19 1991
for those wanting an instant, stirring stadium rock adrenaline rush, there was u2’s ‘achtung baby’. for those wanting something a little subtler, there was talk talk’s underrated ‘laughing stock’. and for those nonplussed by these two, michael jackson’s ‘dangerous’ was only a week around the corner.
sharethrough (mobile)
november 4 1991
everyone remembers my bloody valentine’s ‘loveless’ – but don’t forget ‘bandwagonesque’ by mbv’s creation records peers teenage fanclub, also released in time to soundtrack guy fawkes day fireworks in 1991. kaboom.
march 8 1994
nine inch nails’ ‘the downward spiral’ and soundgarden’s ‘superunknown’ both arrived on this day, for a double dose of fuzzy guitar goodness.
may 10 1994
a milestone day in american college rock, weezer’s ‘blue album’ and sunny day real estate’s ‘diary’ both landed on this day. both painstakingly honest guitar-driven gems, with a hand in creating the emo explosion that defined much early ’00s rock. savvy record store owners could have bolstered sales by offering cut-price kleenex when you buy both at the same time.
may 24 1994
aaliyah’s ‘age ain’t nothing but a number’ and beastie boys’ ‘ill communication’ both dropped on this day – two seismic ’90s releases that continue to influence today.
june 13 1995
this day saw alanis morrissette’s ‘jagged little pill’ and björk’s ‘post’ both released – a strong day for fans of strong pop/rock innovation.
dates given are us release dates
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ə ˈmænʃən bɪˈlɔŋɪŋ tɪ ðə rɔɪəl ˈfæməli sɪts ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv, ən ˈeɪnʧənt ˈsɪriən ˈsɪti feɪmd fər ɪts ˈroʊmən ruɪnz. (ˈæʤəns ˈviə ˈgɛti ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɔrsɪz riˈkæpʧərd ðə hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈsɪti əv frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈeɪdɪd baɪ ˌhɛzbɑˈlə, ðə ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ənd, ˌɪndərˈɛkˌtli, juz. ˈɛrˌstraɪks. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ˈvɪktəri keɪm ˈnɪrli θri mənθs ˈæftər ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt mɑrʧt bæk ˈɪntu ðə taʊn ɪn ə səˈpraɪz əˈsɔlt ðət əˈpɪrd tɪ hæv ˈteɪkən ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ˌənəˈwɛrz. ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi əˈnaʊnst ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt rɛd ɔn steɪt ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ ðət ɪts ˈfɔrsɪz wər ɪn kəmˈplit kənˈtroʊl əv ˈæftər ə pʊʃ ɔn ðə taʊn ɪn ˈrisənt deɪz ðət sɔ ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt dɪˈfɛnsɪz ˈræpədli kəˈlæps. ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt sərʤ ˈɪntu ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər wɑz ðə fərst əˈfɛnsɪv kənˈdəktəd baɪ ðə ˈmɪlətənts ɪn mɔr ðən 18 mənθs ənd reɪzd fɪrz ðət ðeɪ wər ɔn ðə ədˈvæns əˈgɛn. ðə ˈrɛlətɪvli swɪft riˈkæpʧər baɪ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈlɔɪəlɪst ˈfɔrsɪz səˈʤɛstɪd ðə sərʤ wɑz ə ˈtɛmpərˌɛri ˌæbərˈeɪʃən, ðə rɪˈzəlt mɔr əv ˈwiknəs ɔn ðə pɑrt əv ə ˈθɪnli sprɛd ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ðət həz kəm tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈfɔrən ˈælaɪz fər ɪts sərˈvaɪvəl. [ɑr ˈʤərni tɪ ðə frənt laɪnz ɪn ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst ˈaɪsəs] (ˈrɔɪtərz) ðə ˈmɪlətənts ər ɔn ðə riˈtrit ɪn ˈməltəpəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz əˈlɔŋ ðɛr lɔŋ, ʤægd frənt laɪn wɪθ ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈfɔrsɪz ɪn ˌɪˈrɑk ənd ˈsɪriə, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪn ðə ˌɪˈræki ˈsɪti əv ˈmoʊsəl ənd ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv ðɛr ˈkæpɪtəl, raqqa*. ðə əˈfɛnsɪv tɪ ˈriˈteɪk wɑz səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈlɛbəˌniz ʃiaɪt mɪˈlɪʃə ˌhɛzbɑˈlə, huz ˈfaɪtərz hæv bɪn ˌɪnstrəˈmɛnəl ɪn sɪˈkjʊrɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt bəˈʃɑr sərˈvaɪvəl ˈoʊvər ðə pæst faɪv jɪrz. ə ˈvɪdioʊ ðət ɛrd ɔn ðə ˌhɛzbɑˈlə ˈtɛləˌvɪʒən ˈsteɪʃən ʃoʊd ˌhɛzbɑˈlə ˈfaɪtərz ˈkæmpɪŋ aʊt ɪn ðə ˈdɛzələt ˈmaʊntənz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ənd ədˈvænsɪŋ ɔn ðə taʊn θru ðə ˈsændi, ˈstoʊni ˈwɪldərnəs. ðə ˈsɪriən əˈfɛnsɪv wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈeɪdɪd baɪ ˈrəʃən ˈɛrˌstraɪks, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrəʃən nuz rɪˈpɔrts kˈwoʊtɪŋ ˈrəʃən dɪˈfɛns ˈmɪnɪstər ˈsɛrˌgeɪ shoigu*. ðə ˈsɪriən ˈɑrmi ˈsteɪtmənt θæŋkt ““friends”*” fər ðɛr hɛlp ɪn ðə əˈfɛnsɪv, ˈsɪŋgəlɪŋ aʊt ˈrəʃə. ˈrəʃən ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn 2015 sild ðə sərˈvaɪvəl əv əˈsɑd baɪ ˈædɪŋ ðə ˈməsəl əv ˈrəʃən ˈɛrˌstraɪks tɪ ðə ˈmænˌpaʊər kənˈtrɪbjutɪd baɪ mɪˈlɪʃəz ɔn ðə graʊnd. ðə ˈsɪriən ˈsteɪtmənt dɪd nɑt ˈmɛnʃən ðə roʊl əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts, wɪʧ həz ˈɔlsoʊ stɛpt əp straɪks ɪn ðə ˈɛriə ɪn ˈrisənt wiks. ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst 10 deɪz əv ˈfɛbruˌɛri, ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri kənˈdəktəd 23 straɪks əˈgɛnst ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈjunɪts, tæŋks, ˈstɔrɪʤ fəˈsɪlɪtiz ənd kəˈmænd ˈsɛnərz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈdeɪli ˈtæli ˈɪʃud baɪ ðə juz. ˈsɛntrəl kəˈmænd. ˌɔltəˈgɛðər ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri, juz. ˈwɔrˌpleɪnz ˈkɛrid aʊt 45 straɪks ɪn. [ˈrəʃən droʊn ʃoʊz ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈroʊmən ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər] ðə juz. ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri həz dɪˈnaɪd koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪtɪŋ straɪks dɪˈrɛkli ˈiðər wɪθ ˈrəʃə ər ðə ˈsɪriən ˈgəvərnmənt bət həz sɛd ɪn ðə pæst ðət ɪt ɪz ˈstraɪkɪŋ tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ɪkˈwɪpmənt ˈkæpʧərd baɪ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk steɪt frəm biɪŋ juzd baɪ ðə ˈmɪlətənts ɪn ˈbætəlz ˈɛlsˌwɛr əˈgɛnst ˈfɔrsɪz. ðɪs wɑz ðə fɔrθ taɪm həz ʧeɪnʤd hænz ɪn lɛs ðən tu jɪrz, ənd iʧ taɪm ɪts rɪˈnaʊnd ruɪnz hæv bɪn ˈfərðər ˈdæmɪʤd. sɪns ˈkæpʧərɪŋ ðə ˈsɪti fər ə ˈsɛkənd taɪm, ðə ˈmɪlətənts hæv kleɪmd ˈfərðər əˈtæks əˈgɛnst ɪts ˈmɑnjəmənts. ɪt ɪz stɪl tu ˈərli tɪ tɛl haʊ ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ðə ˈleɪtəst ˈdæmɪʤ ɪz. ˈfoʊtəˌgræfs ˈpoʊstɪd baɪ ə ˈrəʃən nuz ˈeɪʤənsi ənd ˈwaɪdli ʃɛrd ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ʃoʊd ə ˈsɪriən ˈsoʊlʤər ˈstændɪŋ ɪn ðə ruɪnz əv ðə ˈroʊmən ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər, wɛr ə ˈrəʃən ˈɔrkəstrə pleɪd æt ə ˈvɪktəri ˈkɑnsərt læst jɪr. ˌɔlˈðoʊ pɑrt əv ðə fəˈsɑd həz ˈkrəmbəld ənd ðə ˈθieɪtər ɪz strun wɪθ ˈrəbəl, ðə ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər əˈpɪrz stɪl tɪ bi ˈlɑrʤli ˌɪnˈtækt. rɛd mɔr: ˈrəʃən droʊn ʃoʊz ɪkˈstɛnt əv ðə ˈdæmɪʤ tɪ ˈroʊmən ˈæmfəθiˈeɪtər ɑr ˈʤərni tɪ ðə frənt laɪnz ɪn ðə faɪt əˈgɛnst ˈaɪsəs ˈæftər ˈɔskər wɪn, ˈrəʃən ˈɛmbəsi kɔlz waɪt ˈhɛlməts ‘‘actors,’*,’ nɑt ˈlaɪfˌseɪvərz ˈkəvərɪʤ frəm poʊst ˌkɔrəˈspɑndənts əraʊnd ðə wərld laɪk ˈwɔʃɪŋtən poʊst wərld ɔn ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ənd steɪ ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn ˈfɔrən nuz
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a mansion belonging to the qatari royal family sits on the outskirts of palmyra, an ancient syrian city famed for its roman ruins. (agence france-presse via getty images)
syrian government forces recaptured the historic city of palmyra from the islamic state on thursday, aided by lebanon’s hezbollah, the russian military and, indirectly, u.s. airstrikes.
the government victory came nearly three months after the islamic state marched back into the town in a surprise assault that appeared to have taken the syrian army unawares.
the syrian army announced in a statement read on state television thursday evening that its forces were in complete control of palmyra after a push on the town in recent days that saw islamic state defenses rapidly collapse.
the islamic state surge into palmyra in december was the first offensive conducted by the militants in more than 18 months and raised fears that they were on the advance again. the relatively swift recapture by government loyalist forces suggested the surge was a temporary aberration, the result more of weakness on the part of a thinly spread syrian army that has come to rely on foreign allies for its survival.
[our journey to the front lines in the fight against isis]
(reuters)
the militants are on the retreat in multiple locations along their long, jagged front line with a variety of forces in iraq and syria, including in the iraqi city of mosul and on the outskirts of their self-proclaimed capital, raqqa.
the offensive to retake palmyra was supported by the lebanese shiite militia hezbollah, whose fighters have been instrumental in securing president bashar al-assad’s survival over the past five years. a video that aired on the hezbollah television station al-manar showed hezbollah fighters camping out in the desolate mountains surrounding palmyra and advancing on the town through the sandy, stony wilderness.
the syrian offensive was also aided by russian airstrikes, according to russian news reports quoting russian defense minister sergei shoigu. the syrian army statement thanked syria’s “friends” for their help in the offensive, singling out russia. russian military intervention in 2015 sealed the survival of assad by adding the muscle of russian airstrikes to the manpower contributed by iranian-backed militias on the ground.
the syrian statement did not mention the role of the united states, which has also stepped up strikes in the palmyra area in recent weeks. during the last 10 days of february, the u.s. military conducted 23 strikes against islamic state fighting units, tanks, storage facilities and command centers, according to the daily tally issued by the u.s. central command. altogether in february, u.s. warplanes carried out 45 strikes in palmyra.
[russian drone shows extent of the damage to palmyra’s roman amphitheater]
the u.s. military has denied coordinating strikes directly either with russia or the syrian government but has said in the past that it is striking palmyra to prevent military equipment captured by the islamic state from being used by the militants in battles elsewhere against u.s.-backed forces.
this was the fourth time palmyra has changed hands in less than two years, and each time its renowned ruins have been further damaged. since capturing the city for a second time, the militants have claimed further attacks against its monuments.
it is still too early to tell how extensive the latest damage is. photographs posted by a russian news agency and widely shared on social media showed a syrian soldier standing in the ruins of the roman amphitheater, where a russian orchestra played at a victory concert last year. although part of the facade has crumbled and the theater is strewn with rubble, the amphitheater appears still to be largely intact.
read more:
russian drone shows extent of the damage to palmyra’s roman amphitheater
our journey to the front lines in the fight against isis
after oscar win, russian embassy calls syria’s white helmets ‘actors,’ not lifesavers
today’s coverage from post correspondents around the world
like washington post world on facebook and stay updated on foreign news
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wi ɔl noʊ ðət ʧæt æps ər ˈprɪti hɑt raɪt naʊ ənd ðɛr ər ˈplɛnti əv ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈhoʊpɪŋ fər ə ˈɛksət. fər ðə moʊst pɑrt, ɔl əv ðoʊz æps ər ˈprɪti ˈsɪmələr, bət, wɪʧ ɪz ˈlɔnʧɪŋ təˈdeɪ, ædz ə nu ənd fən twɪst tɪ ðɪs ˈʒɑnrə. ə ʧæt ˈnɛtˌwərk fər ˈioʊs ðət ˈivɪn wərks wɪn ju hæv ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈnɛkʃən. ɪt meɪks juz əv ðə kənɛkˈtɪvɪti ˈfreɪmˌwərk ɪn ˈioʊs 7 wɪʧ əˈlaʊz dɪˈvɛləpərz tɪ dɪˈskəvər ˈsərvɪsɪz ɔn ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈioʊs dɪˈvaɪsɪz ˈjuzɪŋ ˈwaɪˌfaɪ, ˌpɪrtoʊˈpɪr kəˈnɛkʃənz ənd ˈbluˌtuθ. bɪˈkəz ɪt rɪˈlaɪz ɔn ðiz tɛkˈniks, ðə reɪnʤ ɪz əraʊnd 100 fit, bət bɪˈkəz əv ðə mɛʃ ˈɑrkəˌtɛkʧər bɪˈhaɪnd, ðə ˈækʧəwəl reɪnʤ əv ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk əraʊnd kʊd bi məʧ ˈlɑrʤər. ðɛr hæv bɪn səm ˈsɪmələr æps laɪk ðɪs, bət ðeɪ ɔl rɪˈlaɪd ɔn ðə ˈjuzərz biɪŋ ɔn ðə seɪm ˈwaɪˌfaɪ ˈnɛtˌwərk. ɪn ə ˈsteɪdiəm ər æt ən ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈvɛnju, ðət wərk ɔl ðət wɛl. wɪθ, ju kʊd bi ˈjuzɪŋ ən ˈaɪˌpɔd təʧ wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛni ˈnɛtˌwərk kəˈnɛkʃən ənd stɪl ʧæt wɪθ ˈpipəl əraʊnd ju. ˌbiˈsaɪdz ʧæt, ju kən ˈɔlsoʊ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈfoʊˌtoʊz wɪθ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɔn ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈnɛtˌwərk ər ʤɪst ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈjuzər. ɪn keɪs ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɪz əraʊnd, ðə æp ˈɔlsoʊ həz ə ˈgloʊbəl ʧæt moʊd ðət ˌɪnˈkludz ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɔn ðə ˈnɛtˌwərk (wɪθ ən ˈɪntərˌnɛt kəˈnɛkʃən). soʊ fɑr, ðə tim ˌsɛgˈmɛnɪd ðɪs ˈgloʊbəl moʊd ˈɪntu ˈdɪfərənt rumz, soʊ θɪŋz meɪ gɪt ə bɪt ˈnɔɪzi ɪn ðɛr ɪf ðə æp gɪts ˈtrækʃən (ˈəpˌdeɪt: ənd naʊ ðət ðə æp ɪz əˈveɪləbəl, ɪgˈzæktli ˈhæpənɪŋ). ɪf ðət ˈhæpənz, ʃʊr ðə tim wɪl riˈθɪŋk ðɪs ˈsɛˌtəp. ðɛr ər noʊ ˈjuzər əˈkaʊnts, soʊ ðɛr ɪz noʊ nid tɪ saɪn ɪn ənd ju kən rɪˈmeɪn ɛz əˈnɑnəməs ɛz ju wʊd laɪk tɪ bi (wɪʧ ɪz ˈprɑbəˌbli ə gʊd aɪˈdiə ɪf ju ər ðə əˈpoʊzɪŋ tim ɪn ə ˈsteɪdiəm, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl). əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈoʊpən ˈgɑrdən ˈsiˌiˈoʊ, səm əv ðə juz ˈkeɪsɪz fər ðɪs ər ɪˈvɛnts, ˈkɑnfərənsəz, kənˈvɛnʃənz, ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˈfɛstɪvəlz, ˈklæsˌrum ʧæts ənd ˈmeɪbi ˈivɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ. ɪz ðə fərst ˈioʊs ˈprɑdəkt frəm dɪsˈrəpt ˈæləmz ˈoʊpən ˈgɑrdən, ə ˈkəmpəˌni bɛst noʊn fər ɪts ˈnɛtˌwərk ˈʃɛrɪŋ æps. hoʊps tɪ wən deɪ brɪŋ ðə ˈflægˌʃɪp æp tɪ ˈioʊs, bət fər ðə taɪm biɪŋ, ˈoʊnli əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈgɪvɪn ðə riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˈplætˌfɔrm. ðə ˈkloʊsəst ðə tim kʊd gɪt fər naʊ ɪz, wɪʧ ˈoʊnli ˈjuzɪz tɛkˈniks fər kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðiz dɪˈvaɪs ˈnɛtˌwərks. bɪˈkəz ˈænˌdrɔɪd hæv ən ɪkˈwɪvələnt tɪ ˈbɪlˌtɪn, ɪt tərnz aʊt ˈbɪldɪŋ ðɪs æp fər ˈioʊs ɪz ˈiziər ðən ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪŋ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ɔn ˈænˌdrɔɪd, soʊ ɪt meɪ bi ə bɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ðə tim ˈlɔnʧɪz ən ˈænˌdrɔɪd ˈvərʒən. ɪf ju wɔnt tɪ gɪv ə traɪ, ðə æp ɪz naʊ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə æp stɔr. əˈveɪləbəl naʊ ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ, ˌʤæpəˈniz ənd ʧaɪˈniz.
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we all know that chat apps are pretty hot right now and there are plenty of companies hoping for a whatsapp-like exit. for the most part, all of those apps are pretty similar, but firechat, which is launching today, adds a new and fun twist to this genre. it’s a hyperlocal chat network for ios that even works when you don’t have an internet connection.
it makes use of the multipeer connectivity framework in ios 7, which allows developers to discover multipeer-enabled services on nearby ios devices using wi-fi, peer-to-peer connections and bluetooth. because it relies on these techniques, the range is around 100 feet, but because of the mesh architecture behind firechat, the actual range of the network around could be much larger.
there have been some similar apps like this, but they all relied on the users being on the same wi-fi network. in a stadium or at an outdoor venue, that doesn’t work all that well. with firechat, you could be using an ipod touch without any network connection and still chat with people around you. besides chat, you can also exchange photos with everybody on the local network or just a single user.
in case nobody is around, the app also has a global chat mode that includes everybody on the network (with an internet connection). so far, the team hasn’t segmented this global mode into different rooms, so things may get a bit noisy in there if the app gets traction (update: and now that the app is available, that’s exactly what’s happening). if that happens, i’m sure the team will rethink this setup.
there are no userounts, so there is no need to sign in and you can remain as anonymous as you would like to be (which is probably a good idea if you are trash-talking the opposing team in a stadium, for example).
according to open garden ceo micha benoliel, some of the use cases for this are events, conferences, conventions, outdoor festivals, classroom chats and maybe even dating.
firechat is the first ios product from disrupt alums open garden, a company that’s best known for its network sharing apps. benoliel hopes to one day bring the company’s flagship app to ios, but for the time being, it’s only available on android given the restrictions on apple’s platform. the closest the team could get for now is firechat, which only uses apple-approved techniques for creating these device networks. because android doesn’t have an equivalent to multipeer built-in, it turns out building this app for ios is easier than replicating the experience on android, so it may be a bit before the team launches an android version.
if you want to give firechat a try, the app is now available in the app store. it’s available now in english, japanese and chinese.
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ˈʤɑvə ɪz ðə moʊst ˈwaɪdli ˈpɑpjələr ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪn ˈɪndɛks waɪl ˈpaɪθɑn ɪz moʊst sərʧt ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ɪn ˈɪndɛks. tɔp ræŋkt ˈʤɑvə ɪz ˈkloʊsli ˈfɑloʊd baɪ si ɪn. ɪn, gæp ɪz bɪˈkəmɪŋ ˈwaɪdər bɪtˈwin tɔp ræŋkt ˈpaɪθɑn ənd ræŋkt ˈʤɑvə. tɔp tu ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ər weɪ əˈhɛd ðən ˈəðərz ɪn boʊθ ˈɪndɛks. ˈvɪʒəwəl ˈbeɪsɪk .nɛt ɪz ˈbɪgəst ˈgeɪnər ɛz ɪt gɪts ɔl taɪm haɪəst pəˈzɪʃən. ˈpaɪθɑn ɪz ˌɪmˈpruvɪŋ ɪts ˈreɪtɪŋz ənd muvd əˈhɛd əv si++ ɪn. ðiz sɪks hæv ˈnɛgətɪv trɛnz ɪn pæst 5 jɪrz ˈʤɑvə, si, si++, si#, ənd. wɑz æt pəˈzɪʃən ɪn mɑr 2015 ɪz naʊ æt 10th*. wɑz æt pəˈzɪʃən ɪn mɑr 2010 ɪz naʊ æt 8th*. si# muvd daʊn frəm ɪn mɑr 2012 tɪ 7th*. pəˈzɪʃən əv ˈʤɑvə, si, ənd si++ həz nɑt məʧ əˈfɛktɪd bət ðɛr ˈreɪtɪŋz ər ˈkɑnstəntli dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ. tɪ, hu ˈpəblɪʃɪz ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈræŋkɪŋ fər faɪv ˈkəntriz, ˈpaɪθɑn ɪz tɔp ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz ɪn fɔr ˈkəntriz (ˈjuˈɛs, ˈʤərməni, juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm, fræns) ɪkˈsɛpt ˈɪndiə wɛr ˈʤɑvə ɪz stɪl æt tɔp ˈlidɪŋ baɪ ˈoʊnli ɪn ˈjuˈɛs, juˈnaɪtɪd ˈkɪŋdəm ənd fræns ˈpaɪθɑn həz ˈteɪkən juʤ lɛd ˈoʊvər ˈnəmbər ˈʤɑvə. ðiz tu əˈkaʊnt fər mɔr ðən 47 ˈgloʊbəl sərʧ. ˈpaɪθɑn həz haɪəst ʃɛr ɪn ˈjuˈɛs ˈoʊvər 30 ənd ˈoʊvər 25 ɪn rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ. ɪz ˈbɪgəst ˈlusər ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz. ɪts ʃɛr wɑz ˈoʊvər 20 ɪn 2008 naʊ ðɪs fɪg ɪz ˈoʊnli ɪn 2019 ˈʤɑvə ɪz tu dɪˈklaɪnɪŋ bət nɑt ɛz fæst ɛz. ˌkɑntrəˈbjuʃən wɑz ˈoʊvər 31 ɪn 2008 ənd stɪl ɪt hoʊldz 21 ɪn 50 sərʧ wɑz əv ˈiðər ˈʤɑvə ər. ˈɪndɛks ˈreɪtɪŋz ər ˈkælkjəˌleɪtɪd baɪ ˈkaʊntɪŋ hɪts əv ðə moʊst ˈpɑpjələr sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz. ðɛr ər 25 sərʧ ˈɛnʤənz ðət ər juzd tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə ˈɪndɛks. ðə ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ kəmˈjunɪti ˈɪndɛks ɪz ən ˈɪndəˌkeɪtər əv ðə ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤɪz. ðə ˈɪndɛks ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ðə jɪr 2001 ənd ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd wəns ə mənθ. ˈɪndɛks ðə ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti əv ˈproʊˌgræmɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ ˈɪndɛks ɪz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ˈænəˌlaɪzɪŋ haʊ ˈɔfən ˈlæŋgwɪʤ tuˈtɔriəlz ər sərʧt ɔn ˈgugəl. ðə ˈɪndɛks ɪz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd wəns ə mənθ.
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java is the most widely popular programming language in tiobe index while python is most searched language in pypl index. top ranked java is closely followed by c in tiobe. in pypl, gap is becoming wider between top ranked python and 2nd ranked java. top two languages are way ahead than others in both index.
tiobe : visual basic .net is biggest gainer as it gets all time highest 5th position. python is improving its ratings and moved ahead of c++ in tiobe. these six have negative trends in past 5 years : java, c, c++, c#, php and objective-c. objective-c was at 3rd position in mar 2015 is now at 10th. php was at 3rd position in mar 2010 is now at 8th. c# moved down from 3rd in mar 2012 to 7th. position of java, c, and c++ has not much affected but their ratings are constantly declining.
acc to pypl, who publishes separate ranking for five countries, python is top languages in four countries (us, germany, united kingdom, france) except india where java is still at top leading by only 0.31%. in us, united kingdom and france python has taken huge lead over 2nd number java. these two account for more than 47% global search. python has highest share in us over 30% and over 25% in remaining.
pypl : php is biggest looser in recent years. its share was over 20% in 2008 now this fig is only 7.34% in 2019. java is too declining but not as fast as php. java's contribution was over 31% in 2008 and still it holds 21%. in 2004-2009, 50% search was of either java or php.
tiobe index : tiobe ratings are calculated by counting hits of the most popular search engines. there are 25 search engines that are used to calculate the tiobe index. the tiobe programming community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. the index started in the year 2001 and updated once a month.
pypl index : the pypl popularity of programming language index is created by analyzing how often language tutorials are searched on google. the index is updated once a month.
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ˈglɛnˌdeɪl, ariz*. ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ˈsoʊtoʊ pɪʧt tɪ ˈsoʊtoʊ æt waɪt sɑks kæmp ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, ənd ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ləvd ɪt. ðə ˈvɛtərən ˈkæˌʧər ənd ˈrʊki ˈpɪʧər, hu ʃɛr ˈsɪmələr neɪmz ənd hæv bɪn frɛndz fər tu jɪrz, wərkt təˈgɛðər ˈdʊrɪŋ lɪv ˈbætɪŋ ˈpræktɪs. ðə ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd pɛr, hu boʊθ heɪl frəm ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ, sɛd bɪn kənfˈjuzd fər iʧ ˈəðər ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz sɪns rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ tɪ kæmp læst wik. iʧ həz ˈɔlsoʊ hərd ðə neɪm biɪŋ kɔld aʊt ənd θɔt ɪt wɑz fər ðɛm, wɪʧ həz lɛd tɪ mɔr kənfˈjuʒən. bət ðoʊz ˈlɪmɪtɪd ðɛr ˌɛnˈʤɔɪmənt əv ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ˈiðər. kaɪnd əv sərˈil ðət hi həz ðə seɪm neɪm, læst name,”*,” ˈsoʊtoʊ sɛd. kaɪnd əv wɪrd ˈkɔlɪŋ ɪm ənd ˈkɔlɪŋ mi ˈʤioʊ. kaɪnd əv wɪrd. ðə ˈfɪzɪkəlz, ˈdɑktərz, ðə ˈpipəl fər ðə drəg ˈtɛstɪŋ, bɪn kənfˈjuzd ɪn ɔl θri əv ðoʊz. ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ðət tɪ ˈhæpən. ˈhoʊpfəli aɪ kən gɪt ə bɪg ʧɛk ɔn hɪz neɪm ənd kæʃ it.”*.” ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə wərld əˈloʊn ɪn ɪts ˌɛnˈʤɔɪmənt əv ðə ˈtɑpɪk ɛz boʊθ pleɪərz smaɪld waɪl dɪˈskəsɪŋ ɪt ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ. ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ˈsoʊtoʊ sɛd ðə pleɪərz mɛt tu ˈsizənz əˈgoʊ wɪn hi pɪʧt fər ðə ˈklivlənd ˈɪndiənz ənd ðə ˈkæˌʧər wɑz ɪn hɪz fərst stɪnt wɪθ ðə waɪt sɑks. ðeɪ gru əp əˈbaʊt 20 ˈmɪnəts əˈpɑrt frəm iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ˈpɔrtər ˈrikoʊ ənd naʊ spɛnd taɪm təˈgɛðər ɪn ðə offseason*. bət wət həz meɪd ðə sɪˈnɛrioʊ ˈivɪn mɔr kənfˈjuzɪŋ ɪz ðət waɪt sɑks ˈprɑspɛkt ˈlukəs ɪz ˈsitɪd ˈoʊnli ə fju stɔlz əˈweɪ frəm ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ˈsoʊtoʊ ɪn ðə ˈkləˌbhaʊs. kaɪnd əv wɪrd, əˈspɛʃəli ɪn ðə ˈkləˌbhaʊs ənd ɔn ðə fild bɪˈkəz wɪn ˈsəmˌwən sɪz ˈʤioʊ, wi tərn əraʊnd tɪ si ɪf fər ɪm ər fər me,”*,” ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ˈsoʊtoʊ sɛd. wi ˈɔlsoʊ hæv, ənd ˈpipəl kɔl ɪm. wɪrd, bət ˈfəni too.”*.” boʊθ kʊd meɪk ðə ˈoʊpənɪŋ deɪ ˈrɑstər. ˈsoʊtoʊ, hu saɪnd ə ˈmaɪnər lig ˈkɑnˌtrækt ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri, ɪz ðə moʊst ɪkˈspɪriənst ˈkæˌʧər ɪn kæmp ənd ɪz ˈfeɪvərd tɪ wɪn ə ʤɑb. ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ˈsoʊtoʊ, hu wɑz kleɪmd ɔf ˈweɪvərz frəm ðə kəbz ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, ɪz wən əv ˈsɛvərəl riˈlivərz kəmˈpitɪŋ fər ə spɑt ənd kʊd meɪk ðə kləb ɪf ðə waɪt sɑks ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ˈkɛri tu ɪn ðə ˈbʊlˌpɛn. ənd waɪl ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ stɑrt ðə ˈsizən æt triple-a*, hi kʊd riʧ ðə ˈmeɪʤərz æt səm pɔɪnt ˈkɔzɪŋ mɔr ˌpændɪˈmoʊniəm. ə lɔt əv ˈʤioʊ goʊɪŋ ɔn wɪθ, ˌʤioʊˈvɑni ənd ðɛn me,”*,” ˈsoʊtoʊ sɛd. kən gɪt ˈprɪti ˈhɛktɪk. bət jæ, fən fər us.”*.”
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glendale, ariz. giovanni soto pitched to geovany soto at white sox camp on monday morning, and the internet loved it.
the veteran catcher and rookie pitcher, who share similar names and have been friends for two years, worked together during live batting practice. the unrelated pair, who both hail from puerto rico, said they’ve been confused for each other several times since reporting to camp last week. each has also heard the other’s name being called out and thought it was for them, which has led to more confusion. but those mix-ups haven’t limited their enjoyment of the situation, either.
“it’s kind of surreal that he has the same name, last name,” geovany soto said. “it’s kind of weird calling him gio and he’s calling me geo. it’s kind of weird.
“with the physicals, doctors, the people for the drug testing, we’ve been confused in all three of those. i’m expecting that to happen. hopefully i can get a big check on his name and cash it.”
the social media world isn’t alone in its enjoyment of the topic as both players smiled while discussing it on monday.
giovanni soto said the players met two seasons ago when he pitched for the cleveland indians and the catcher was in his first stint with the white sox. they grew up about 20 minutes apart from each other in puerto rico and now spend time together in the offseason. but what has made the scenario even more confusing is that white sox prospect lucas giolito is seated only a few stalls away from giovanni soto in the clubhouse.
“it’s kind of weird, especially in the clubhouse and on the field because when someone says geo, we turn around to see if it’s for him or for me,” giovanni soto said. “and we also have giolito, and people call him gio. it’s weird, but it’s funny too.”
both sotos could make the team’s opening day roster.
geovany soto, who signed a minor league contract in january, is the most experienced catcher in camp and is favored to win a job. giovanni soto, who was claimed off waivers from the cubs in november, is one of several relievers competing for a spot and could make the club if the white sox decide to carry two left-handers in the bullpen. and while giolito is expected to start the season at triple-a, he could reach the majors at some point causing more pandemonium.
“there’s a lot of geo going on with giolito, giovanni and then me,” geovany soto said. “and can get pretty hectic. but yeah, it’s fun for us.”
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seɪnt ˈlɪˌbərəl weɪn lɔŋ həz bɪn kɪkt ɔf tu ˌpɑrləˈmɛntəri kəˈmɪtiz fər ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈpɑrti ræŋks ˈoʊvər prəˈpoʊzd smɔl ˈbɪznɪs tæks ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. lɔŋ kənˈfərmd hi wɑz riˈmuvd ˈθərzˌdeɪ frəm ðə ˈstændɪŋ kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈjumən ˈrisɔrsɪz, skɪlz, ˈsoʊʃəl dɪˈvɛləpmənt ənd ðə ˈstætəs əv ˈpərsənz wɪθ dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈstændɪŋ kəˈmɪti ɔn ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən, ˈpraɪvəsi ənd ˈɛθɪks. "aɪ æm ˈdipli ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd tɪ bi riˈmuvd frəm maɪ kəˈmɪtiz, bət aɪ rɪˈspɛkt ənd ˌəndərˈstænd ðə ˈpɑrtiz dɪˈsɪʒən," hi sɛd ɪn ən iˈmeɪld ˈsteɪtmənt tɪ ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz. "əm praʊd əv ðə wərk aɪv dən ɔn ənd teɪk praɪd əˈspɛʃəli ɪn prəˈdusɪŋ ðə ˈnæʃənəl rɪˈpɔrt ɔn ˈpɑvərti rɪˈdəkʃən." ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, lɔŋ səˈpɔrtɪd ə feɪld kənˈsərvətɪv muv ðət wʊd hæv ɪkˈstɛndɪd ðə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ɔn ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənts prəˈpoʊzd ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə smɔl ˈbɪznɪs tæks rəˈʒim. ɔn ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, hi hæd ə "ˈdɪfəkəlt ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən" wɪθ ˈlɪˌbərəl wɪp ˈpɑbloʊ rɑˈdrikɛz. "aɪ doʊnt noʊ ɪf ðɛr wɪl bi ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz," lɔŋ toʊld ˈsiˌbiˈsi nuz æt ðə taɪm. "bət aɪ hæv bɪn toʊld ðɛr meɪ bi ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz, ənd əm ˈsərtənli priˈpɛrd ənd ˈrɛdi tɪ əkˈsɛpt ˈɛni dɪˈsɪʒən ðə ˈpɑrti meɪks." ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ kənˈstɪʧuənts' vjuz lɔŋ hæd sɛd hi wʊd bi "ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪnɪd" ɪf hi wɑz kɪkt aʊt əv ˈkɔkəs, bət hi kʊd nɑt sɪt baɪ ɛz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt pʊʃt əˈhɛd wɪθ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz hɪz kənˈstɪʧuənts ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋli əˈpoʊz. hɪz ˈraɪdɪŋ həz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən əv smɔl ˈbɪznɪsɪz ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, hi sɛd, ənd ˈmɛni ˈdɑktərz hu wərk æt ðə seɪnt ʤɑn ˈriʤənəl ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈmɪnɪstər bɪl mərˈnoʊ həz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd hi plænz tɪ meɪk ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈlɪˌbərəlz' ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl tæks ʧeɪnʤ prəˈpoʊzəlz əˈnaʊnst ɪn mid-july*. "ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ bi rikˈwaɪərd," mərˈnoʊ sɛd ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈæftər ˈfeɪsɪŋ kˈwɛsʧənz ɪn ðə ˈsɛnɪt. "fər ðoʊz ˈpisɪz əv ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən ðət wiv ɔˈrɛdi ˈdræftɪd, wɪl teɪk ˈɪntu əˈkaʊnt wət ˈpipəl hæv toʊld ˈjuˈɛs tɪ dɪˈtərmən haʊ wi goʊ ˈfɔrwərd frəm hir." ðə ˈgəvərnmənts ərˈɪʤənəl plæn ˌɪnˈkludɪd riˈstrɪkʃənz ɔn ˈɪnˌkəm ˈsprɪŋkəlɪŋ, wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈpræktɪs əv trænsˈfərɪŋ ˈɪnˌkəm frəm ə ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnər tɪ ə ʧaɪld ər spaʊs hu wʊd bi tækst æt ə loʊər reɪt. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ prəˈpoʊzd ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ðə juz əv ˈpraɪvət ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz tɪ meɪk ˈpæsɪv ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ðət ər ˌənrɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd wʊd kərb ðə əˈbɪləˌti əv ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnərz tɪ ˈkɑnvərt ˈrɛgjələr ˈɪnˌkəm əv ə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃən ˈɪntu ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz, wɪʧ ər ˈtɪpɪkəli tækst æt ə loʊər reɪt. ðə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈpɪriəd ˈɛndɪd ɔkt. 2 ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmoʊʃən wʊd hæv ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ənˈtɪl ʤæn. 31 2018 bɪˈkəz əv ðə "ˈdræstɪk ˈnɛgətɪv ˌɪmˈpækt ɔn smɔl- ənd ˈbɪznɪsɪz," ðə ˈmoʊʃən sɛd bət ɪt wɑz dɪˈfitɪd ɪn ðə haʊs əv ˈkɑmənz.
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saint john-rothesay liberal mp wayne long has been kicked off two parliamentary committees for breaking party ranks over proposed small business tax changes.
long confirmed he was removed thursday from the standing committee on human resources, skills, social development and the status of persons with disabilities, as well as the standing committee on access to information, privacy and ethics.
"i am deeply disappointed to be removed from my committees, but i respect and understand the party's decision," he said in an emailed statement to cbc news.
"i'm proud of the work i've done on huma and take pride especially in producing the national report on poverty reduction."
on tuesday, long supported a failed conservative move that would have extended the consultation period on the federal government's proposed changes to the small business tax regime.
on wednesday, he had a "difficult conversation" with liberal whip pablo rodriquez.
"i don't know if there will be consequences," long told cbc news at the time. "but i have been told there may be consequences, and i'm certainly prepared and ready to accept any decision the party makes."
representing constituents' views
long had said he would be "disappointed" if he was kicked out of caucus, but he could not sit by as the government pushed ahead with changes his constituents overwhelmingly oppose.
his riding has the largest concentration of small businesses in the country, he said, and many doctors who work at the saint john regional hospital.
finance minister bill morneau has indicated he plans to make changes to the liberals' controversial tax change proposals announced in mid-july.
"changes are going to be required," morneau said tuesday after facing questions in the senate.
"for those pieces of legislation that we've already drafted, we'll take into account what people have told us to determine how we go forward from here."
the government's original plan included restrictions on income sprinkling, which is the practice of transferring income from a business owner to a child or spouse who would be taxed at a lower rate.
it also proposed limits on the use of private corporations to make passive investments that are unrelated to the company and would curb the ability of business owners to convert regular income of a corporation into capital gains, which are typically taxed at a lower rate.
the consultation period ended oct. 2.
the conservative motion would have extended consultation until jan. 31, 2018 because of the "drastic negative impact on small- and medium-sized businesses," the motion said but it was defeated in the house of commons.
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ˈʤeɪzən wərθ æt ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən fəˈnæli. (ˈmɪʧəl ˈɪmɪʤɪz) ju θɪŋk moʊst næts fænz laɪk persona?”*?” ə næts fæn æst mi ɔn tˈwɪtər læst mənθ. ðɪs fæn hæd ˈræntɪd əˈgɛnst pərˈsoʊnə tɪ hɪz ˈbədiz, ə grup əv ˈhoʊldərz. ðeɪ wər ʃɑkt baɪ hɪz stæns. soʊ wɑz aɪ. bɪn ˈθɪŋkɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz kˈwɛʃən ɔf ənd ɔn sɪns ðɛn. aɪ θɔt əv ɪt əˈgɛn læst wik wɪn wərθ rɪˈsivd ðə ˈbɪgəst oʊˈveɪʃən ˈdʊrɪŋ wət maɪt hæv bɪn hɪz læst geɪm wɪθ ðə kləb, ə ˈmoʊmənt ðət ˈivɪn hæd mi ol’*’ ˈsoʊlləs mi ˈfilɪŋ ə ˈsərtən taɪp əv weɪ. aɪ ræn ðə kˈwɛʃən pæst səm fænz, ənd səm ˈmidiə ˈmɛmbərz, ənd səm ˈrændəm ˈpipəl ɔn ðə bəs hu wər ʤɪst traɪɪŋ tɪ pleɪ heɪ deɪ. (nɑt ˈrɪli, bət aɪ wʊd.) ðeɪ əˈgrid wɪθ maɪ ˌɪmˈprɛʃən: næts fænz laɪk pərˈsoʊnə; ðeɪ ləv ɪt. ðɛn aɪ əˈpɪrd ɔn ˈproʊˌgræm ðɪs wik (aɪ wɑz greɪt), ənd ˈæftər ðə ˈraʊndˌteɪbəl, aɪ æst ənd ə næts fæn fər ðɛr θɔts ɔn wərθ. ðeɪ boʊθ sɛd æt wəns ðət ðɛr ˈfeɪvərɪt pleɪər. ɪz maɪ guy,”*,” sɛd. noʊ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz pəˈlɪtɪkəl vjuz, aɪ noʊ ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈpərsɪnəl laɪf; aɪ ʤɪst noʊ wət aɪ si ɔn ðə fild ənd hɪz dɪˈminər. soʊ cool.”*.” həz ˈlɪtəl tɪ du wɪθ ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ənd mɔr tɪ du wɪθ ðə kəlt əv ˌpərsəˈnælɪti sərˈaʊndɪŋ him,”*,” sɛd ˈʤɛnəfər o’dell*, hu səˈʤɛstɪd ðət ɪf ju poʊld næts fænz ɔn wɪʧ pleɪər pɪk tɪ spɛnd taɪm wɪθ, wərθ wʊd wɪn ɪn ə ˈrənəˌweɪ. aɪ ˈprɑməs raɪt. bət ʤɪst ˌɪˈmæʤən ɪf ðə næts wɪn ðə wərld ˈsɪriz. ˌɪˈmæʤən ˈfaɪnəli ə pəreɪd. ˌɪˈmæʤən ju kʊd bi ɪn frənt əv ðə steɪʤ fər ˈoʊnli wən ˌɪntrəˈdəkʃən, wən oʊˈveɪʃən, wən spiʧ. nɑt ˈɛni kˈwɛʃən hum ʧuz, raɪt? ənd ðɪs ɪz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ fər ə bənʧ əv ˈrizənz. wərθ pleɪz fər ə tim stɑkt wɪθ ˈtælənt, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ˈrisənt ənd ə ˈrisənt saɪ jəŋ ˈwɪnər; hi meɪd ən ˌɔlˈstɑr əˈpɪrəns ɪn eɪt jɪrz. ɔn ə tim fʊl əv ˈhoʊmˈgroʊn stɑrz, wərθ keɪm frəm ə ˈheɪtɪd ˈraɪvəl ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv hɪz kərɪr. hi həz ə ˈmæsɪv ˈkɑnˌtrækt. hi həz ˈstrəgəld wɪθ ˈɪnʤəriz. hi wɛnt tɪ ʤeɪl. hi wɛnt tɪ ʤeɪl! hi bi soʊ ˈpɑpjələr. ənd jɛt aɪ θɪŋk əv əˈnəðər d.c*. ˈæθˌlit (sɪns krɪs ˈkuli?) hu əˈtræktəd ðɪs sɔrt əv ləv wɪˈθaʊt ˈɛvər wəns biɪŋ ðə bɛst pleɪər ɔn hɪz tim. soʊ haʊ du wi ɪkˈspleɪn ɪt? aɪ doʊnt noʊ haʊ məʧ wərθ ənd ˈhɑrpər meɪk pər geɪm, bət ðeɪ ˈkʊdəv wən 200 ɪn ðə ˈbɔltəˌmɔr grup ˈkɑstum ˈkɑntɛst ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ. ðə d.c*. ˈjunəˌvərs (@dcuniverse*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 24 2017 hi ʧoʊz d.c*. ðɪs wən ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd. æt ə taɪm wɪn ðə næts wər mɔr ˈɔfən ə ˈpənˌʧlaɪn ðən ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛls ðeɪ hæd ðə wərst ˈrɛkərd əv ˈɛni tim ˈoʊvər ðə ˈpriviəs θri jɪrz wərθ brɔt səm hɪnt əv lɪˈʤɪtəməsi ənd ˈsɪriəsnəs. ˈɑbviəs, bət pɑrt əv ɪt. θɪŋk loyalty,”*,” sɛd maɪ pæl krɪs, ə næts fæn frəm ðə ˈvɛri bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. ˈteɪkɪŋ ə lip əv feɪθ wɪn ðə tim ˈɛni gʊd ənd hæd ən ənˈsərtən fˈjuʧər. hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ bi hir wɪn ðɛr wɑz noʊ ˈrizən fər ˈɛniˌwən tɪ kəm hir ˈəðər ðən ə paycheck.”*.” ˈdɪfərənt ðən ˈstræsbərg ənd ˈhɑrpər ənd ˈrɛndoʊn ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈdræftɪd hir, ər gɑnˈzɑləz ənd ˈtərnər ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈtreɪdɪd hir, ər ˈʃərzər ˈsaɪnɪŋ hir ˈæftər ðə næts wər ɔˈrɛdi greɪt. ənd, ɛz ɪt tərnd aʊt, wərθ wund əp ɛz ˈvərʧuəli ðə ˈoʊnli ˈmeɪnˌsteɪ hu həz bɪn hir θru ɔl əv ðə gʊd taɪmz, ənd nən əv ðə bæd wənz. min, ðɪs ɪz maɪ team,”*,” wərθ ˈrisəntli sɛd ɔn ən ˈpɔdˌkæst. ɪz maɪ hoʊm, ju noʊ? pʊt ə lɔt əv taɪm ənd ˈɛfərt ənd ə lɔt əv θɔt ˈɪntu ðɪs tim, ənd maɪ kərɪr. ənd aɪ fil laɪk ðɪs ɪz ðə pinnacle.”*.” ðə hoʊm rən ðɪs ˈkɑmpləˌkeɪtəd, ˈiðər. hi ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər wən əv ðə fərst ˈtruli greɪt ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ˈhɪstəri, wɪʧ rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈgreɪtəst ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ˈfrænˌʧaɪz ˈhɪstəri, æt list fər ðə taɪm biɪŋ. pɑrt əv ɪt, tu. kaɪnd əv ə ˈbæˌdæs bət hɪz ˌpɑpjəˈlɛrəti ɪz əˈbaʊt ə lɔt mɔr ðən ˈlɔɪəlti, ənd ə hoʊm rən. əˈbaʊt ðə ˌpərsəˈnælɪti. əˈbaʊt ðə sɛns ðət ɪn ə ˈsɪti ðət ˈsəmˌtaɪmz simz əbˈsɛst wɪθ ˈnaɪsɪtiz ənd rulz ənd seɪɪŋ ðə raɪt thing–*– wərθ gɪv ə dæm əˈbaʊt ˈɛni əv ðət. raɪən ˈzɪmərmən ɪz ðə ˈpərˌfɪkt ˌwɔʃɪŋˈtoʊniən. hi kʊd bi ə kənˈsəltənt ɔn keɪ strit. hi kʊd græb ə bɪr æt ðə ˈbʊlˌpɛn, ənd gɪt ˈdaɪmənd kləb sits, ənd blɛnd ɪn ˈsimləsli wɪθ ðə næts pɑrk kraʊd. hi kʊd gɪv ə prɛs ˈbrifɪŋ. hi kʊd brənʧ. wərθ lʊk ər ækt laɪk ə ˌwɔʃɪŋˈtoʊniən. hi traɪ tɪ seɪ ðə raɪt θɪŋ. hi blɛnd ɪn. ˈmeɪbi səm əv ˈjuˈɛs ædˈmaɪr ðət. ˈmeɪbi səm əv ˈjuˈɛs ər ˈʤɛləs. (ənd fər ðə ˈrɛkərd, aɪ noʊ ðə gaɪ, ənd θɪŋk ˈɛvər ˈivɪn ˈspoʊkən wɪθ ɪm.) kɛr haʊ rɪˈsivd baɪ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən, baɪ hɪz oʊn teammates,”*,” sɛd ˈfɔrmər ˈnæʃənəl mɑrk dɪˈroʊsə, naʊ ən tonight”*” ˈænəlɪst æt ˈnɛtˌwərk. ʤɪst wɔnts tɪ bit daʊn əˈnəðər tim, mæn. ɔl hi kɛrz about.”*.” aɪ səˈʤɛstɪd ðɛr wɑz ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈbæˌdæs əˈbaʊt ðɪs əˈproʊʧ. ə ˈvɛri gʊd dɪˈskrɪpʃən əv him,”*,” dɪˈroʊsə sɛd. ɪz ə badass.”*.” ənd soʊ ˈʧəkɪŋ hɪz bæt ˈhæfˈweɪ tɪ ˈgeɪθərzbərg wɪn hi ˈhoʊmərz. fʊl ˈʤeɪzən wərθ bæt flɪp ɪn sloʊ ˈmoʊʃən dɑt #næts maɪ neɪm ɪz (@thenatsblogjoe*) meɪ 7 2017 ˈɔlsoʊ gʊd: ðə wərθ bæt flɪp frəm 2014 ˈviə dæn ˈstaɪnbərg (@dcsportsbog*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 15 2015 duɪŋ hɪz rɪˈdɪkjələs slaɪd. ˈtɛlɪŋ ðə suts ɪn ðə frənt ˈɔfəs ðət duɪŋ ðə ˈmæˌskɑt reɪs rɔŋ, ənd ðət ˈtɛdi həz tɪ wɪn. ˈrɪpɪŋ ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp kɑrd ɔf ðə wɔl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə deɪz əv ðə mæt ˈwɪljəmz ˈɪrə, ənd ðɛn kənˈfrəntɪŋ ˈwɪljəmz ənd ˈæskɪŋ, ɪgˈzæktli du ju θɪŋk ju lɔst ðɪs team?”*?” wɪn ju hæv feɪθ ðət wərθ wɑz ˈspikɪŋ fər hɪz tim, ənd ðət hɪz ˈkləˌbhaʊs ləvz ɪm, ðɪs simz lɛs laɪk ˌɪnsəˌbɔrdəˈneɪʃən ənd mɔr laɪk ˈbæˌdæs rɪˈbɛljən əˈgɛnst ə ˈtɛrəbəl bɔs. θɪŋk ˈmɛni fænz wər kˈwaɪətli ˈθɪŋkɪŋ, ‘[‘[bleep*] yeah,’*,’ roʊt ˈælən ˈpitərsən, əˈnəðər ˈlɔŋˌtaɪm næts fæn. wɪʧ simz raɪt. wərθ dɪz θɪŋz ðət meɪk working-stiff*, næts fænz kˈwaɪətli θɪŋk, “[“[bleep*] yeah.”*.” dæn ənd ðə bɛst ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ðɪs maɪt bi ɔl ðoʊz ˈɪntərvˌjuz wɪθ dæn, ɪn wɪʧ wərθ kərst, ər dəmpt bɪr ɔn, ər meɪd ə girls”*” ˈrɛfərəns, ər kɔld ə ˈtiˌmeɪt ðə d.c*. ˈstræŋglər, ər ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈæktɪd ɪn ə weɪ ðət wɑz un-washington*, ənd un-nationals*. ˈʤeɪzən wərθ ɔn ˈpipəl hu ˈdaʊnˌpleɪ ˌɪmˈpɔrtəns əv ˈkɛmɪstri: "ðoʊz ər ʤɪst ˈpipəl əpˈstɛrz hu rɛd bʊks du mæθ ˈbʊlˌʃɪt laɪk ðət" ˈbɑrnoʊ (@dcbarno*) sɛpˈtɛmbər 10 2017 bɪn duɪŋ ðɪs fər fɔr ˈsizənz naʊ, ənd ju kʊd ˈrætəl ɔf ðə tɔp kˈwoʊtəbəl ˈmoʊmənts frəm ˈɪntərvˌjuz, ənd ˈprɪti məʧ ɔl jayson,”*,” sɛd ðɪs wik. ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ ˈʃoʊˌkeɪs ə ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ənd seɪ θɪŋz ðət hi ˈtruli bɪˈlivz. ənd ðɛr ˈprɑbəˌbli ə lɔt əv pleɪərz aʊt ðɛr ðiz deɪz ðət du that.”*.” ˈʤeɪzən wərθ tɪ ðə ˈkrɪtɪks ˈdæni (@recordsandradio*) ʤun 16 2016 aɪ min, ðeɪ meɪd ə aʊt əv wən əv hɪz ˌpoʊstˈgeɪm ˈɪntərvˌjuz ˈnɔrməli ðə bɪt əv waɪt brɛd ɪn ðə spɔrts wərld. ˈpipəl ˈweɪtɪd ɪn laɪn fər wɛl mɔr ðən ən aʊər fər ðət. nɑt ˈɛvriˌwən gɑt wən. ʃərt ənˈbətənd, ˈəndərˌʃərt rɪpt, hɛr ˈflɑpɪŋ əraʊnd, ə ˈsɔfˌbɔl ʧæmp θri bəd dip frəm ə gaɪ wɪθ ə ˈkɑnˌtrækt. ˌɪrɪˈzɪstəbli ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪd. ənd ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli hɛlps ðət wərθ kips hɪmˈsɛlf skɛrs. hi laɪk ˈɪntərvˌjuz. ju ˈrɛrli si ˈkæmərəz sərˈaʊndɪŋ ɪm ɪn ðə ˈkləˌbhaʊs. ðət ædz tɪ ðə mɪˈstik, ðə pərˈsɛpʃən ðət ˈɛvəri əˈpɪrəns ɪz ə ˈmæʤɪkəl ˈmɪdəl ˈfɪŋgər tɪ aɪ noʊ, tɪ ˈsəmˌwən. goʊz ‘‘wow*, ðət wɑz ˈɔsəm, ənd aɪ ˈivɪn noʊ waɪ ðət wɑz ˈɔsəm, bət ɪt wɑz awesome,’*,’ sɛd ˈhɛlən ˈmoʊʒər, ə ˈməðər əv tu hu rənz ə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ wərθ, əˈproʊpriɪtli kɔld jæ ˈʤeɪzən wərθ. əˈgɛn, ˈsəmθɪŋ ə lɔt əv ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈspɑnd to,”*,” ˈpitərsən roʊt. ən eɪʤ əv ˈkʊki ˈkətər rɪˈspɑnsɪz laɪk laɪk tɪ θæŋk gɑd, fərst ənd ˈfɔrˌmoʊst, ənd maɪ ˈtimˌmeɪts, ənd ðə bɛst fænz ɪn ðə world,’*,’ ˈʤeɪzən sɪz θɪŋz ðət ər different.”*.” noʊ ɛz wɛl ɛz aɪ du ðət ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ɪz ʤɪst soʊ məˈnɑtənəs, ənd soʊ məʧ repetition,”*,” sɛd. hi prəˈvaɪdz ˈkɛrɪktər ənd life.”*.” (ˈæftər aɪ ˈpoʊstɪd ðɪs, ˈsəmˌwən riˈmaɪndɪd mi əv ðə taɪm wərθ wɑz ˈhɛkəld ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə, ənd ðɛn roʊt ən ˈiˌmeɪl tɪ ˈædəm ˈkɪlgɔr əˈbaʊt hɪz hoʊp gɪt bæk kˈwɪkli ənd si tɪ ɪt ˈpərsənəli ðoʊz ˈpipəl ˈnɛvər wɔk daʊn brɔd strit ɪn ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən again.”*.” ˈnəθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðət ˈsɛntəns ɪz məˈnɑtənəs.) ðə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈblæˌkaʊt ˈɔlsoʊ, hi mit ju ˈhæfˈweɪ. haʊ ˈmɛni ˈæθˌlits ɪn 2017 du nɑt ˈivɪn priˈtɛnd tɪ hæv ə ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈprɛzəns? haʊ ˈmɛni hæv noʊ tˈwɪtər, noʊ instagram*, noʊ sˈnæˌpʧæt, noʊ ˈwɛbˌsaɪt? ɪt meɪks ɪm sim mɔr ˈdɪstənt, bət ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ əˈlaʊz ju tɪ kræft jʊr oʊn ˈɪmɪʤ əv ɪm, fri əv ɔl ðə nɔɪz. əˈbaʊt ˈfænəsi ˈfʊtˌbɔl ɪz nɑt kul. bloʊɪŋ ɔf ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ɪz kul. hæd ˈsəmˌwən æsk mi ðə ˈəðər deɪ ɪf aɪ wʊd kriˈeɪt ən jæ ˈsəmˌbɑdi else’”*’” ɪf wərθ livz, ˈmoʊʒər toʊld mi. wɑz laɪk, θɪŋk ˈɛnibədi ɛls kən fɪl ðoʊz shoes.’*.’ ɔn ðə næts, ˌæbsəˈlutli nɑt. aɪ θɪŋk bɪˈkəz ðə ˈəðər pleɪərz ər ə lɔt mɔr ækˈsɛsəbəl. ə mɪˈstik əˈbaʊt jayson.”*.” ənd æt ðə seɪm taɪm, wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl næts ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈprɛzənsɪz wən tim əˈfɪʃəlz ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ ɪz ən əˈkaʊnt pərˈpɔrtɪŋ tɪ bi bɪrd. simz laɪk ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ gaɪ hu kaɪnd əv goʊz baɪ ðə bit əv hɪz oʊn drum,”*,” roʊt ðə əˈnɑnəməs soʊl bɪˈhaɪnd jwerthsbeard*, wɪʧ həz mɔr ðən ˈfɑloʊərz. (ənd ˈivɪn ðət ˈpərsən həz rɪˈmeɪnd ˈglɔriəsli mɪˈstɪriəs.) kˈwoʊtɪŋ ə tˈwɪtər əˈkaʊnt pərˈpɔrtɪŋ tɪ bi bɪrd ðət həz əˈmæst mɔr ðən ˈfɑloʊərz. ðə ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ ˈrɛfərənst əˈbəv wɑz bɪlt wɪθ ən ˈɔdiəns əv ˈmoʊstli ˈmɪdəˌleɪgd ˈwɪmən. nən əv ðɪs ɪz ˈtɪpɪkəl. ðə bɪrd aɪ noʊ ðɪs ɪz dəm. bi ɪmˈbɛrəst əˈbaʊt ʤɔrʤ wɪl siɪŋ ðɪs. maɪ ˈɛdɪtər həz ˈprɑməst ɪt wɪl ˈnɛvər rən ɪn prɪnt. bət tru. pɑrt əv ðə mɪˈstik ɪz bɪˈkəz hi həz ə ˈbɪˌgæs bɪrd. nɑt ʤɪst ən outfielder,”*,” sɛd. bɪrd, ðə hɛr; ə presence.”*.” ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl presence,”*,” ˈpitərsən roʊt, ˈkəmɪŋ baɪ ðət wərd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli. ɪz juʤ, hi ɪz ˈhɛri, ənd hi həz ðə ˈgrævətəs əv ə ˈpruvən winner.”*.” laɪk gɑt ə ˈprɛzəns əˈbaʊt him,”*,” sɛd ˈmoʊʒər, ˈɔlsoʊ ərˈaɪvɪŋ æt ðət wərd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəntli. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi aɪ noʊ ɪm ðət həz mɛt ɪm həz sɛd ðət ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl. nɑt ðə ˈæŋgri ˈləmbərˌʤæk thing.”*.” ðə kɪdz aɪ ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðɪs wən, bɪˈkəz aɪ noʊ ˈwɛðər moʊst ˈæθˌlits (ər ˈraɪtərz) (ər cheesemongers*) ər ər ər nɑt gʊd ˈpipəl. bət wərθ dɪz sim tɪ hæv ə ˈsərtən weɪ wɪθ fænz hi mits. nɑt ʃʊr ɪf ðɪs ɪz ˈbɛtər ər wərs ðən haʊ ˈəðər ˈæθˌlits ˌɪnərˈækt wɪθ fænz. bət aɪ θɪŋk ɪt hərts wərθ. sin ɪm pɑp ˈoʊvər ˈɪntu ðə ˈkæmərə wɛl ðət ɪn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə game,”*,” sɛd, hæv ə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən wɪθ səm kɪd hi rɪˈmɛmbərz hi mɛt, ənd tɛl ðət ˈlɪtəl gərl, haɪ tɪ jʊr ˈpɛrənts fər me.’*.’ ər tɛnz, ˈhənərdz əv ˈəðər examples,”*,” ˈpitərsən roʊt. hɪz ˈpəblɪk dɪˈminər, hi wɪl ˈɔlˌweɪz meɪk ɪt ə pɔɪnt tɪ æt list weɪv ər seɪ hɛˈloʊ. ðət minz ə hɛl əv ə lɔt tɪ fans.”*.” soʊ ðɪs ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˈʤeɪzən wərθ ənd ən 8 jɪr oʊld ˌkɑlərˈɑdoʊ gərl hi bɪˈfrɛndɪd ɪz fænˈtæstɪk (ˈviə @scottsallen*) dæn ˈstaɪnbərg (@dcsportsbog*) ˈeɪprəl 28 2017 hɪrz ðə gərlz ˈʤeɪzən wɑz ʤɪst ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ɪn maɪ ˈɪntərvˌju. ðeɪ weɪvd tɪ ɪm ˌbiˈfɔr hɪz hr*, soʊ hi geɪv ɛm ə bæt dæn (@masnkolko*) ˈeɪprəl 30 2016 ðɪs ɪz waɪ wi ləv ˈʤeɪzən (@kerriski*) ɑkˈtoʊbər 6 2017 ənd ɛz ˈgɔtən ˈoʊldər, hi həz simd ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ɪn ɔn ðə ʤoʊk, ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ pleɪ ðə pɑrt əv ˈʤeɪzən wərθ tɪ hɛlp spaɪs əp ə spɔrt ðət nidz spaɪs. oʊ maɪ gɑd, ˈʤeɪzən wərθ wɑz ɔn ðə foʊn tɪ ðə ˈkləˌbhaʊs fər ə ˈʧælənʤ. aɪ ləv ɪm. #næts maɪ neɪm ɪz (@thenatsblogjoe*) ʤun 28 2017 ɔl ə lɔt əv wərdz, ənd ˈmeɪbi nɑt ðə raɪt wənz. səm fænz hu kɛr mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈbeɪsˈbɔl ənd lɛs əˈbaʊt ˌpərsəˈnælɪti ər mɔr ˈsɪnɪkəl əˈbaʊt ðə wərθ θɪŋ, ənd ðə bɪrd ˈfɛtɪʃ, ənd ðə ˈaʊtˌsaɪz əˈtɛnʃən peɪd tɪ ðə ˈsɛvənθ- (ər eɪθ-, ər naɪnθ-) moʊst ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt pleɪər ɔn ðɪs tim. bət ˈgɛsɪŋ mɔr fænz fil æt list səm əv pʊl. hi keɪm hir wɪn hi hæv tɪ. hi lʊkt ənd ˈæktɪd ˈdɪfərˈɛntli ðən moʊst bɔlˈpleɪərz. hi gɪv ə rɪp əˈbaʊt kənˈvɛnʃənz. hi hæd ə ˈprɛzəns. ɪt ɔl kəˈnɛktɪd. ənd noʊ ˈæθˌlit ɪn ðɪs taʊn hu wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪt kwaɪt ɔl əv ðət. ˈpipəl hu ləv ˈʤeɪzən wərθ ləv ˈʤeɪzən werth,”*,” ˈmoʊʒər sɛd. ləv ðə guy,”*,” dɪˈroʊsə sɛd. noʊ, ju goʊ tɪ spərɪŋ ˈtreɪnɪŋ wɪθ ə nu tim ˈɛvəri jɪr, ənd ju ˈnɛvər noʊ. ju ˈnɛvər noʊ hu goʊɪŋ tɪ hɪt ɪt ɔf wɪθ. ənd hi wɑz wən əv ðoʊz gaɪz aɪ ʤɪst ˈrɪli gru tɪ love.”*.” ər soʊ ˈmɛni ˈbɪgər stɑrz ɔn ðə tim, bət ɪt ˈrɪli dɪz sim laɪk ðə fæn beɪs həz ˈteɪkən tɪ ɪm ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt kaɪnd əv way,”*,” sɛd. ˈrɪli θɪŋk ðət hi hoʊldz ə ˈspɛʃəl pleɪs nɑt ʤɪst ɪn ðə maɪndz əv ˈnæʃənəlz fænz, bət ɪn d.c*. sports.”*.” rɛd mɔr frəm ðə bɔg: priˈdɪkʃənz: ˈɛkspərts gɪv næts ðə nɑd ˈoʊvər kəbz
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jayson werth at the regular season finale. (mitchell layton/getty images)
“do you think most nats fans like werth’s persona?” a nats fan asked me on twitter last month. this fan had ranted against werth’s persona to his buddies, a group of season-ticket holders. they were shocked by his stance. so was i.
i’ve been thinking about his question off and on since then. i thought of it again last week when werth received the biggest ovation during what might have been his last regular-season game with the club, a moment that even had me — ol’ soulless me — feeling a certain type of way. i ran the question past some fans, and some media members, and some random people on the bus who were just trying to play hay day. (not really, but i would.) they agreed with my impression: nats fans like werth’s persona; they love it.
then i appeared on kojo nnamdi’s wamu program this week (i was great), and after the roundtable, i asked nnamdi and a nats fan for their thoughts on werth. they both said at once that their favorite player.
“he is my guy,” nnamdi said. “i know nothing about his political views, i know nothing about his personal life; i just know what i see on the field and his demeanor. so cool.”
“it has little to do with baseball and more to do with the cult of personality surrounding him,” said jennifer o’dell, who suggested that if you polled die-hard nats fans on which player pick to spend time with, werth would win in a runaway.
i promise she’s right. but just imagine if the nats win the world series. imagine finally a parade. imagine you could be in front of the stage for only one introduction, one ovation, one speech. not any question whom you’d choose, right?
and this is interesting for a bunch of reasons. werth plays for a team stocked with talent, including a recent mvp and a recent cy young winner; he hasn’t made an all-star appearance in eight years. on a team full of homegrown stars, werth came from a hated rival in the middle of his career. he has a massive contract. he has struggled with injuries. he went to jail. he went to jail! he shouldn’t be so popular. and yet i think of another d.c. athlete (since chris cooley?) who attracted this sort of love without ever once being the best player on his team. so how do we explain it?
i don't know how much werth and harper make per game, but they could've won $200 in the baltimore comic-con group costume contest yesterday. pic.twitter.com/yidm7rteat — the d.c. universe (@dcuniverse) september 24, 2017
he chose d.c.
this one isn’t complicated. at a time when the nats were more often a punchline than anything else — they had the worst record of any team over the previous three years — werth brought some hint of legitimacy and seriousness. obvious, but part of it.
“i think loyalty,” said my pal chris, a nats fan from the very beginning. “him taking a leap of faith when the team wasn’t any good and had an uncertain future. he wanted to be here when there was no reason for anyone to come here other than a paycheck.”
that’s different than strasburg and harper and rendon getting drafted here, or gonzalez and turner getting traded here, or scherzer signing here after the nats were already great. and, as it turned out, werth wound up as virtually the only mainstay who has been here through all of the good times, and none of the bad ones.
“i mean, this is my team,” werth recently said on an mlb podcast. “this is my home, you know? put a lot of time and effort and a lot of thought into this team, and my career. and i feel like this is the pinnacle.”
the home run
this isn’t complicated, either. he is responsible for one of the first truly great moment in franchise history, which remains the greatest moment in franchise history, at least for the time being. part of it, too.
he’s kind of a badass
but his popularity is about a lot more than loyalty, and a home run. about the personality. about the sense that — in a city that sometimes seems obsessed with niceties and rules and saying the right thing– werth doesn’t give a damn about any of that. ryan zimmerman is the perfect washingtonian. he could be a consultant on k street. he could grab a beer at the bullpen, and get diamond club seats, and blend in seamlessly with the nats park crowd. he could give a press briefing. he could brunch.
werth doesn’t look or act like a washingtonian. he doesn’t try to say the right thing. he doesn’t blend in. maybe some of us admire that. maybe some of us are jealous. (and for the record, i know the guy, and think ever even spoken with him.)
“he doesn’t care how received by the opposition, by his own teammates,” said former national mark derosa, now an “mlb tonight” analyst at mlb network. “he just wants to beat down another team, man. all he cares about.”
i suggested there was something badass about this approach.
“that’s a very good description of him,” derosa said. “he is a badass.”
and so chucking his bat halfway to gaithersburg when he homers.
full jayson werth bat flip gloriousness in slow motion dot gif @jwerthsbeard #nats pic.twitter.com/r4r9w5wsgi — my name is jo(e)nas (@thenatsblogjoe) may 7, 2017
also good: the werth bat flip from 2014, via @daynperry pic.twitter.com/iingak8e6c — dan steinberg (@dcsportsbog) october 15, 2015
it’s doing his ridiculous pop-up slide.
it’s telling the suits in the front office that doing the mascot race wrong, and that teddy has to win. ripping the lineup card off the wall during the death-rattle days of the matt williams era, and then confronting williams and asking, “when exactly do you think you lost this team?” when you have faith that werth was speaking for his team, and that his clubhouse loves him, this seems less like tsk-tsk-worthy insubordination and more like badass rebellion against a terrible boss.
“i think many fans were quietly thinking, ‘[bleep] yeah,’ ” wrote allan petersen, another longtime nats fan. which seems right. werth does things that make working-stiff, buttoned-up nats fans quietly think, “[bleep] yeah.”
dan kolko
and the best example of this might be all those interviews with masn’s dan kolko, in which werth cursed, or dumped beer on kolko, or made a “mean girls” reference, or called a teammate the d.c. strangler, or otherwise acted in a way that was un-washington, and un-nationals.
jayson werth on people who downplay importance of chemistry: "those are just people upstairs who read books & do math & bullshit like that" pic.twitter.com/obsgngclzc — barno (@dcbarno) september 10, 2017
“i’ve been doing this for four seasons now, and you could rattle off the top quotable moments from walk-off interviews, and pretty much all jayson,” kolko said this week. “he’s willing to showcase a personality and say things that he truly believes. and there probably aren’t a lot of players out there these days that do that.”
jayson werth to the critics pic.twitter.com/qq0irs9zwl — danny (@recordsandradio) june 16, 2016
i mean, they made a bobblehead out of one of his postgame interviews — normally the blandest bit of white bread in the sports world. people waited in line for well more than an hour for that bobblehead. not everyone got one. shirt unbuttoned, undershirt ripped, hair flopping around, a beer-league softball champ three bud heavys deep — from a 38-year-old guy with a nine-figure contract. irresistibly unexpected.
and it actually helps that werth keeps himself scarce. he doesn’t like pregame on-camera interviews. you rarely see cameras surrounding him in the clubhouse. that adds to the mystique, the perception that every on-air appearance is a magical middle finger to … i know, to someone.
“everyone goes ‘wow, that was awesome, and i even know why that was awesome, but it was awesome,’ ” said helen mosher, a mother of two who runs a facebook page dedicated to werth, appropriately called eff yeah jayson werth.
“and again, something a lot of us respond to,” petersen wrote. “in an age of cookie cutter responses like ‘i’d like to thank god, first and foremost, and my teammates, and the best fans in the world,’ jayson says things that are different.”
“you know as well as i do that baseball is just so monotonous, and so much repetition,” kolko said. “and he provides character and life.”
(after i posted this, someone reminded me of the time werth was heckled in philadelphia, and then wrote an e-mail to adam kilgore about his hope “to get back quickly and see to it personally those people never walk down broad street in celebration again.” nothing about that sentence is monotonous.)
the social media blackout
also, he won’t meet you halfway. how many star-ish athletes in 2017 do not even pretend to have a social media presence? how many have no twitter, no instagram, no snapchat, no website? it makes him seem more distant, but it also allows you to craft your own image of him, free of all the noise. tweeting about fantasy football is not cool. blowing off the internet is cool.
“i had someone ask me the other day if i would create an ‘eff yeah somebody else’” if werth leaves, mosher told me. “i was like, ‘i think anybody else can fill those shoes.’ on the nats, absolutely not. i think because the other players are a lot more accessible. a mystique about jayson.”
and at the same time, one of the most influential nats social media presences — one team officials interact with — is an account purporting to be werth’s beard.
“he seems like an interesting guy who kind of goes by the beat of his own drum,” wrote the anonymous soul behind jwerthsbeard, which has more than 22,000 followers. (and even that person has remained gloriously mysterious.)
i’m quoting a twitter account purporting to be werth’s beard that has amassed more than 22,000 followers. the facebook page referenced above was built with an audience of mostly middle-aged women. none of this is typical.
the beard
i know this is dumb. be embarrassed about george will seeing this. my editor has promised it will never run in print. but true. part of the mystique is because he has a big-ass beard.
“he’s not just an outfielder,” kolko said. “the beard, the hair; a presence.”
“an incredible presence,” petersen wrote, coming by that word independently. “he is huge, he is hairy, and he has the gravitas of a proven winner.”
“it’s like got a presence about him,” said mosher, also arriving at that word independently. “and everybody i know him that has met him has said that incredible. not the angry lumberjack thing.”
the kids
i hesitate to include this one, because i know whether most athletes (or writers) (or cheesemongers) are or are not good people. but werth does seem to have a certain way with fans he meets. not sure if this is better or worse than how other athletes interact with fans. but i think it hurts werth.
“i’ve seen him pop over into the camera well that in during the game,” kolko said, “and he’ll have a conversation with some kid he remembers he met, and he’ll tell that little girl, ‘say hi to your parents for me.’ “
“there are tens, hundreds of other examples,” petersen wrote. “despite his public demeanor, he will always make it a point to at least wave or say hello. that means a hell of a lot to fans.”
so this story about jayson werth and an 8 year old colorado girl he befriended is fantastic (via @scottsallen) https://t.co/ctcwclqxjg pic.twitter.com/0f6fxm2vqe — dan steinberg (@dcsportsbog) april 28, 2017
here's the girls jayson was just talking about in my interview. they waved to him before his hr, so he gave em a bat pic.twitter.com/ckxnijgjfo — dan kolko (@masnkolko) april 30, 2016
this is why we love jayson pic.twitter.com/vhdlyngumf — kerriski (@kerriski) october 6, 2017
and as gotten older, he has seemed increasingly in on the joke, willing to play the part of jayson werth to help spice up a sport that needs spice.
oh my god, jayson werth was on the phone to the clubhouse for a challenge. i love him. @jwerthsbeard #nats pic.twitter.com/mfutyqrqjz — my name is jo(e)nas (@thenatsblogjoe) june 28, 2017
that’s all a lot of words, and maybe not the right ones. some fans who care more about baseball and less about personality are more cynical about the werth thing, and the beard fetish, and the outsize attention paid to the seventh- (or eighth-, or ninth-) most important player on this team.
but guessing more fans feel at least some of werth’s pull. he came here when he didn’t have to. he looked and acted differently than most ballplayers. he didn’t give a rip about conventions. he had a presence. it all connected. and no athlete in this town who will be able to replicate quite all of that.
“the people who love jayson werth love jayson werth,” mosher said.
“i love the guy,” derosa said. “you know, you go to spring training with a new team every year, and you never know. you never know who going to hit it off with. and he was one of those guys i just really grew to love.”
“there are so many bigger stars on the team, but it really does seem like the fan base has taken to him in a different kind of way,” kolko said. “i really think that he holds a special place not just in the minds of nationals fans, but in d.c. sports.”
read more from the bog:
nlds predictions: experts give nats the nod over cubs
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ˈælkəˌhɑl ənd ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈdeɪtɪŋ nid iʧ ˈəðər laɪk ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt nidz pɔrn. ˈtɪndər ˌɪnˈvɑlvz soʊ məʧ wərk: ju spɛnd wiks ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ə bənʧ əv pəˈtɛnʃəlz ˌbiˈfɔr ju ˈfaɪnəli goʊ ɔn ə deɪt wɪθ ðə wən ðət əˈnɔɪz ju ðə list; ju spɛnd deɪz ˈfænəˌsaɪzɪŋ ðət ðɪs kʊd bi ðə gaɪ wɪθ hum jʊr fˈjuʧər kɪdz wɪl ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli spɛnd ðɛr ˈwiˌkɪnd; ənd ðɛn ju ˈfaɪnəli mit ənd ˈwɛrɪŋ rɛd pænts, ənd ju hæv kɪdz wɪθ ə mæn hu wɛrz rɛd pænts. bət ə fju drɪŋks kən ˈvɛri kˈwɪkli ˈpeɪpər ˈoʊvər ðə fækt ju ənd ˈmɪstər rɛd pænts hæv ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ˈkɑmən, ˈziroʊ ˈkɛmɪstri ənd ðət ðə ˈoʊnli θɪŋ ˈkipɪŋ ðə ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən goʊɪŋ ɪz ðə ˈprɑməs əv biɪŋ bɔt drɪŋks ənd ðət ˈsəmˌwən ɛls wɪl peɪ fər ðə kæb hoʊm. ə drɔp əv sɛlf ˈloʊθɪŋ ənd ə brɪsk ˈmɔrnɪŋ wɔk ɪz haʊ səm əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈfɪnɪʃ ɑr ˈtɪndər deɪts. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ə ʧeɪnʤd ˈwʊmən, ɛz naʊ bɪn ˈsoʊbər fər naɪn mənθs. wɪʧ ɪz greɪt ɔn wən hænd, bət ʃɪt ɔn ðə ˈəðər, ɛz soʊˈbraɪəti həz ɪˈrædəˌkeɪtɪd maɪ ˈoʊnli fɔrm əv ˈɛksərˌsaɪz. wɪn moʊst foʊks ˌriˈtaɪər wən vaɪs, ðeɪ nid tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə nu ˈhɑbi tɪ teɪk ɪts pleɪs, ənd aɪ wɑz ˈkaʊntɪŋ ɔn ˈtɪndər ənd maɪ ˈpriviəs ˈdeɪtɪŋ proʊˈklɪvətiz tɪ si mi θru ðə trænˈzɪʃən ɪf ˈɑnəst. ˈnidləs tɪ seɪ, ðɪs ˈkɛrfəli leɪd plæn dɪd nɑt rɪˈzəlt ɪn ˈgɪtɪŋ mi leɪd, məʧ tɪ maɪ əˈnɔɪəns. ˈsoʊbər ˈdeɪtɪŋ səks, ənd nɑt ɪn ə ˈsɛksi weɪ. duɪŋ ˈtɪndər ɪz ə ˈnaɪtˌmɛr wɪˈθaʊt ˈælkəˌhɑl. laɪk ðə ðə si wɪˈθaʊt fɪʃ, ə ˈkɑdəˌʃeɪn wɪˈθaʊt ˈbuti, əˈmɛrɪkə wɪˈθaʊt ˈprɑpər ˈhɛlθˌkɛr... oʊ, weɪt. gɪt mi rɔŋ, ðɛr ər ə lɔt əv ˈbɛnəfɪts ðət kəm wɪθ ˈsoʊbər ˈʧɔɪsɪz, ə ˈsoʊbər ˈætəˌtud ənd ə ˈsoʊbər bæŋk ˈbæləns, bət ˈdeɪtɪŋ ɪz soʊ nɑt wən əv ðɛm. ˈtɪndər wɪˈθaʊt ˈælkəˌhɑl ɪz ˈbeɪsɪkli tu ˈpipəl ˈstɛrɪŋ æt iʧ ˈəðər ˈoʊvər ə ˈteɪbəl ˈsaɪləntli ækˈnɑlɪʤɪŋ ðət ˈrəðər bi ˈɛniˌwɛr ɛls ənd ˈwɑnɪŋ ðə ərθ tɪ spɑnˈteɪniəsli ˈoʊpən əp ənd sˈwɔloʊ ðɛm. wi ɔl hæv ən aɪˈdiə əv ðə taɪps əv ˈpipəl wi wɔnt tɪ gɪt ˈneɪkəd wɪθ, ənd aɪ wɛnt θru ə ˈvɛri brif ˈpɪriəd əv ˈθɪŋkɪŋ ə ˈsoʊbər mæn wʊd bi maɪ nu aɪˈdil mæʧ naʊ ðət ‘‘reformed’*’. ˈdɛfənətli nɑt gɔn aʊt wɪθ ə person’*’ ˌbiˈfɔr. bət sɪns biɪŋ ɔn ðə ol’*’ ˈwægən, faʊnd aʊt ðɛr ər tu dɪˈstɪŋkt taɪps əv ˈsoʊbər mæn. wənz, hu fər ðɛm, ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ənd duɪŋ drəgz wɑz ən ˈɪʃu ənd hu ər ˈkɑnstəntli ɔn ðə ˈprɛsɪpəs əv ˈdraɪvɪŋ bæk daʊn sɔs strit wɪθ ju træpt ɪn ðə ˈpæsənʤər sit. ər wənz hu hæv ˈnɛvər drəŋk, ˈivɪn ɪn ˌmɑdərˈeɪʃən, wɪʧ minz ˈprɪti ˈfəkɪŋ ˈbɔrɪŋ; ðə wənz tɪ hum style’*’ wʊd bi ɪn ˈniðər ðɛr mˈjuzɪkəl nɔr ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈrɛpərtˌwɑr. beɪst ɔn maɪ ˈvɛri ˈrisənt ɪkˈspɪriəns, hi ɪz ðə taɪp ðət wʊd teɪk ju ɔn ə dɔg wɔk fər ə fərst deɪt ənd ðɛn æsk ju bæk tɪ hɪz flæt tɪ ‘‘hang’*’. bət ˌɪnˈstɛd əv ðɪs biɪŋ ə ˈsoʊbər ˈpərsən koʊd fər ˈmeɪkɪŋ swit, sˈwɛti ləv ɔl ˌæftərˈnun, ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli minz bæk tɪ maɪ flæt tɪ wɔʧ ðə dɔg ʧeɪs ə ˈplæstɪk tɔɪ əraʊnd ðə ˈlɪvɪŋ rum fər tu hours’*’. seɪ ˈkrɔlɪŋ əraʊnd ə ˈlɪvɪŋ rum ɔn ɔl fɔrz həz ˈnɛvər bɪn soʊ ˈɔkwərd. ɛz ə ˈsoʊbər gərl, nɑt ðɛr tɪ gɪt drəŋk, soʊ maɪ nu ɪkˈspɪriəns ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ə lɔt əv ˈweɪtɪŋ əraʊnd ˈlɪsənɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪlər ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən əˈbaʊt waɪ ɪz ə ˈʤinjəs. ɔl ðə waɪl hɪz ˈsɛkʃuəl stɑk ɪz ˈpləmətɪŋ, ɛz ðə gaɪ əˈkrɔs ðə ˈteɪbəl frəm mi ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ənd lɛs ˈeɪbəl tɪ du ðə ʤɑb ɪn hænd. ˈnəθɪŋ ju kən du tɪ ˈsælvɪʤ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən aɪ naʊ noʊ haʊ ðə griks fɛlt ˈwɑʧɪŋ ðɛr ɪˈkɑnəmi goʊ daʊn ðə dreɪn. ˈæˌkʧuəli biɪŋ ˈeɪbəl tɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ʃɪt ðət ˈhæpənz ˈdʊrɪŋ ə naɪt aʊt ðə nɛkst ˈmɔrnɪŋ ɪz əˈnəðər əˈnɔɪɪŋ saɪd ˈifɛkt əv ˈtərnɪŋ ˈsoʊbər. tərnd ˈɪntu səm kaɪnd əv foʊn ˈloʊˌkeɪtɪŋ ˈsərvɪs fər meɪts ðət wər ˈhæmərd ðə naɪt ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd ðə ˌsætɪsˈfækʃən əv ˈlɑkɪŋ ðə ˈmɛməri əv hu ənd wət ju dɪd ðə naɪt ˌbiˈfɔr ɪn ə ‘‘blackout’*’ ˈkəbərd noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ɪgˈzɪsts. ju ˈfʊli rɪˈmɛmbər ðə ˈskɛʧi pɔrn muvz, ðə læk əv tru kəˈnɛkʃən, ðə stɛnʧ əv ə ˈpərsən slɛpt ɔn buz ənd ˌsɪgəˈrɛts ˈbriðɪŋ ɪn jʊr feɪs ənd, əv kɔrs, ðə ˈbleɪtənt ˈɔkwərdnəs ənd ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt əv ənˈmɛt, ɔˈrɛdi loʊ ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz. ju kəm tɪ ðə kənˈkluʒən ðət ju hæd ə lɔt əv ˈtruli ˈɔfəl sɛks wɪn ju wər ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ ə ˈriləˈzeɪʃən ðət əˈloʊn həz bɪn ɪˈnəf tɪ pʊt mi ɔf wən naɪt stændz fərˈɛvər. naʊ ɪf ˈrɛdɪŋ ðɪs ənd wi dɪd, ju noʊ, wəns... ˈtoʊtəli nɑt ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ju. ju wər əˈmeɪzɪŋ. aɪ ʤɪst kip ˈmitɪŋ mɛn ˈviə ˈtɪndər ər ɪn bɑrz ˌɛniˈmɔr. ənd waɪl soʊˈbraɪəti həz bɪn ˌɛnˈlaɪtənɪŋ, mɔr ˈhoʊlsəm ənd ɔl ðət gʊd stəf, aɪ fil laɪk lɔst maɪ ˌsupərˈpaʊərz, laɪk ˈsupərˌmæn wɪˈθaʊt ðə flaɪɪŋ bɪt. bət, æt ðə seɪm taɪm, bɪˈgɪnɪŋ tɪ fil kwaɪt gʊd əˈbaʊt ˈkətɪŋ aʊt əˈdɪktɪv ˈfɪŋgər sˈwaɪpɪŋ bɪˈheɪvjər. ɪt dɪz min ˈgɪtɪŋ lɛs ˈækʃən (soʊ ðə ˈfɪŋgər sˈwaɪpɪŋ həz bɪn ˈtrænsfərd ˈɛlsˌwɛr) bət ɪn ə məʧ ˈhɛlθiər pleɪs, ənd soʊˈbraɪəti həz ˈgɪvɪn mi maɪ ˈstændərdz bæk. wɪʧ ɪz ə ʃeɪm, bɪˈkəz ɪf mɛt ju naɪn mənθs əˈgoʊ, bi ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈbjutəfəl mˈjuzɪk təˈgɛðər.
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alcohol and online dating need each other like the internet needs porn. tinder involves so much work: you spend weeks talking to a bunch of potentials before you finally go on a date with the one that annoys you the least; you spend days fantasizing that this could be the guy with whom your future kids will eventually spend their weekend; and then you finally meet and he’s wearing marinara-stained red pants, and you can’t have kids with a man who wears red pants.
but a few drinks can very quickly paper over the fact you and mr red pants have nothing in common, zero chemistry and that the only thing keeping the conversation going is the promise of being bought drinks and that someone else will pay for the cab home.
a drop of self loathing and a brisk morning walk is how some of us finish our tinder dates. however, i’m a changed woman, as i’ve now been sober for nine months. which is great on one hand, but shit on the other, as sobriety has eradicated my only form of exercise.
when most folks retire one vice, they need to develop a new hobby to take its place, and i was counting on tinder and my previous dating proclivities to see me through the transition if i’m honest. needless to say, this carefully laid plan did not result in getting me laid, much to my annoyance. sober dating sucks, and not in a sexy way. doing tinder is a nightmare without alcohol. it’s like the the sea without fish, a kardashian without booty, america without proper healthcare... oh, wait.
don’t get me wrong, there are a lot of benefits that come with sober choices, a sober attitude and a sober bank balance, but dating is so not one of them. tinder without alcohol is basically two people staring at each other over a table silently acknowledging that they’d rather be anywhere else and wanting the earth to spontaneously open up and swallow them.
we all have an idea of the types of people we want to get naked with, and i went through a very brief period of thinking a sober man would be my new ideal match now that i’m ‘reformed’. i’d definitely not gone out with a ‘sober person’ before. but since being on the ol’ wagon, i’ve found out there are two distinct types of sober man. ones, who for them, drinking and doing drugs was an issue and who are constantly on the precipice of driving back down sauce street with you trapped in the passenger seat. or ones who have never drunk, even in moderation, which means they’re pretty fucking boring; they’re the ones to whom ‘doggy style’ would be in neither their musical nor sexual repertoire. based on my very recent experience, he is the type that would take you on a dog walk for a first date and then ask you back to his flat to ‘hang’. but instead of this being a sober person code for making sweet, sweaty love all afternoon, it actually means ‘come back to my flat to watch the dog chase a plastic toy around the living room for two hours’. let’s say crawling around a stranger’s living room on all fours has never been so awkward.
as a sober girl, i’m not there to get drunk, so my new experience involves a lot of waiting around listening to filler conversation about why morrissey/bill hicks/louis ck is a genius. all the while his sexual stock is plummeting, as the guy across the table from me is getting drunker and less able to do the job in hand. there’s nothing you can do to salvage the situation i now know how the greeks felt watching their economy go down the drain.
actually being able to remember shit that happens during a night out the next morning is another annoying side effect of turning sober. i’ve turned into some kind of phone locating service for mates that were hammered the night before, and the satisfaction of locking the memory of who and what you did the night before in a ‘blackout’ cupboard no longer exists. you fully remember the sketchy porn moves, the lack of true connection, the stench of a person that’s slept on booze and cigarettes breathing in your face and, of course, the blatant awkwardness and disappointment of unmet, already low expectations. you come to the conclusion that you had a lot of truly awful sex when you were drinking a realization that alone has been enough to put me off one night stands forever.
now if you’re reading this and we did, you know, once... i’m totally not talking about you. you were amazing. i just can’t keep meeting men via tinder or in bars anymore. and while sobriety has been enlightening, more wholesome and all that good stuff, i feel like i’ve lost my superpowers, like i’m superman without the flying bit. but, at the same time, i’m beginning to feel quite good about cutting out tinder’s addictive finger swiping behavior. it does mean i’m getting less action (so the finger swiping has been transferred elsewhere) but i’m in a much healthier place, and sobriety has given me my standards back. which is a shame, because if i’d met you nine months ago, we’d be making beautiful music together.
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hɔŋ kɔŋg (ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn) vəˈnɛsə ˈdɪdənt ˈriəˌlaɪz ʃi wɑz ˈʃɛltərɪŋ ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd mæn ɪn ðə wərld ənˈtɪl ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈæftər hi ʃoʊd əp ˌənɪkˈspɛktɪdli æt hər dɔr. hər ˈhaʊsgɛst frəm ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts hæd rɪkˈwɛstɪd ə ˈnuzˌpeɪpər. ʃi dɪˈskəvərd hɪz ˌhaɪˈproʊfaɪl aɪˈdɛntəˌti wɪn ʃi ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪzd ˈɛdwərd feɪs ɔn ðə frənt peɪʤ əv ðə hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈdeɪli. "aɪ sɛd 'oʊ maɪ gɑd,'" toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn. "ðə moʊst ˈwɔntɪd mæn ɪn ðə wərld ɪz ɪn maɪ haʊs!" hu flɛd ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz ɪz wən əv ˈsɛvərəl əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg hu ər naʊ goʊɪŋ ˈpəblɪk wɪθ ə ˈsikrɪt ðeɪ kɛpt fər jɪrz. fər wiks ɪn 2013 ðiz ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ˈpipəl tʊk tərnz ˈhaɪdɪŋ ðə mæn bɪˈhaɪnd wən əv ðə ˈbɪgəst ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns liks ɪn ˈjuˈɛs ˈhɪstəri. "wi ər pɑrt əv ˈhɪstəri bɪˈkəz wi dɪd gʊd θɪŋz," sɛd, ən əˈsaɪləm ˈsikər frəm ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə hu geɪv əp hɪz ˈfæməliz bɛd fər sˈnoʊdən. hæv ɔl lɪvd fər jɪrz ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ənˈlaɪkli ɔl lɪvd fər jɪrz ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ɪn ə ˈligəl ˈlɪmboʊ. ðə ˈsɪti peɪz ðɛr rɛnt ənd ə smɔl ˈlɪvɪŋ əˈlaʊəns bət ɪt woʊnt əˈlaʊ ðɛm tɪ ˈsɛtəl ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli ənd wərk. vəˈnɛsə ˈpɪkʧərd ɪn hər wən ˈbɛˌdrum əˈpɑrtmənt. ɪn 2013 ʃi ˈhoʊstɪd ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən ɪn ə ˈdɪfərənt əˈpɑrtmənt sˈlaɪtli sˈmɔlər ðɪs. ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ðə ˈfæməliz ənd ðɛr ˈlɔjər ər ˈkəmɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd ɛz ðɛr brəʃ wɪθ ˈhɪstəri ɪz ˌɪˈmɔrtəlaɪzd ɪn ə nu ˈhɑliˌwʊd ˈmuvi. ðə ˈɑlɪvər stoʊn fɪlm "sˈnoʊdən" dɪˈpɪkts ðə tɛns deɪz wɪn ðə ˈwɪsəlˌbloʊər wɛnt ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg, ɪn ə bɪd tɪ ɪˈveɪd ˈjuˈɛs ənd hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈθɔrətiz, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə wərld ˈmidiə. sˈnoʊdən meɪd hɪz fərst ˈbɑmˌʃɛl ˌrɛvəˈleɪʃənz əˈbaʊt ˌkɑntrəˈvərʃəl ˈjuˈɛs sərˈveɪləns ˈproʊˌgræmz ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə ˈgɑrdiən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər ɪn ə rum ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋz ˈmɪrə hoʊˈtɛl. ðə fɪlm ˌɪnˈkludz ə sin wɛr ə ˈlɔjər teɪks sˈnoʊdən pleɪd baɪ ˈʤoʊzəf frəm ðə hoʊˈtɛl tɪ ə kræmpt əˈpɑrtmənt ˈhaʊzɪŋ ə ˈfæməli əv ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz. "ðiz ər gʊd ˈpipəl, ðeɪ woʊnt tɔk," ðə ˈlɔjər tɛlz sˈnoʊdən. "ðɛr ˈsteɪtlɪs." ənd hɪz ˈfæməli haʊzd ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən ɪn 2013 boʊθ hɪz hɔŋ ˈʧɪldrən ər ˈifɛktɪvli ˈsteɪtlɪs. 'læst pleɪs ˈɛnibədi wʊd lʊk' əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈrɑbərt, ðə kəˈneɪdiən ˈlɔjər hu ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðə ril sˈnoʊdən, ðə ɪˈvɛnts dɪˈpɪktɪd ɪn ðə ˈmuvi ər ˈækjərət. "ðə fərst praɪˈɔrəti wɑz tɪ gɪt ˈmɪstər. sˈnoʊdən ənd riˈmuv ɪm frəm wɛr hi wɑz ɪn ðə ˈmɪrə hoʊˈtɛl, ənd tɪ du soʊ wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈmidiə ənd ˈɛni ˈəðər θərd ˈpɑrtiz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪm," sɛd. ðə ˈlɔjər ˌɪnˈstrəktɪd sˈnoʊdən tɪ meɪk ən əˈfɪʃəl ˈrɛfjuʤi kleɪm æt ðə ˈloʊkəl ˈɔfəs əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz haɪ kəˈmɪʃənər fər ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz. ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg, ə oʊld ˈrɛfjuʤi frəm ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ, hoʊldz hɪz oʊld ʧaɪld ɪn ðə ˈvɪlɪʤ əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ, hɔŋ kɔŋg ɔn ʤun 25 2013 ənd ˈəðər əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ər ˈligəli ˈfɔrbɪdən tɪ wərk, ənd dwɛl fər jɪrz ɪn dəˈkrɛpɪt ˈhaʊzɪŋ ɔn ˈmigər eɪd waɪl əˈweɪtɪŋ ə dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən ɔn ðɛr ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈstætəs. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 1 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈrɑmən, ə ˈrɛfjuʤi frəm ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ, drɪŋks ˈwɔtər frəm ə hoʊz ɪn ðə sləm əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ, hɔŋ kɔŋg ɔn ʤun 25 2013 ˈrɑmən ənd ˈəðər əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg rɪˈsiv ə ˈhaʊzɪŋ əˈlaʊəns əv 155 ə mənθ, wɪʧ ˈbɛrli ˈkəvərz rɛnt fər ðə moʊst ˌrudəˈmɛntəri ˈhaʊzɪŋ. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 2 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈsælɪm, ə oʊld ˈrɛfjuʤi frəm ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ, stændz ˌbiˈfɔr ə wɔl əv ˈfæməli ˈpɪkʧərz ɪn ðə sləm əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ, hɔŋ kɔŋg ɔn ʤun 25 2013 ˈsælɪm, ə ˈfɔrmər ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnər, flɛd ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ ˈæftər ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts θˈrɛtənd tɪ kɪl ɪm. ðeɪ hæv ˈɔlsoʊ θˈrɛtənd hɪz waɪf ənd sən, hu ɪz naʊ 19 hi sɛd. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 3 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg, ə ˈrɛfjuʤi frəm bangaldesh*, stændz nɛkst tɪ ə paɪl əv ˈsælvɪʤd ˈɑbʤɛkts ɪn ðə sləm ˈvɪlɪʤ əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ ɔn ʤun 25 2013 bɪˈkəz əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz ər ˈfɔrbɪdən tɪ meɪk ˈməni waɪl əˈweɪtɪŋ ə ˈstætəs dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən, məst ˈgæðər kloʊðz ənd ˈhaʊsˌhoʊld ˈaɪtəmz frəm ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈgɑrbɪʤ dəmp. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 4 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg arif*, ə oʊld ˈrɛfjuʤi frəm ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ, sɪts fər ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn rɪˈpɔrtərz ɪn ðə sləm əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ ɔn ʤun 25 2013 arif*, ˈfɔrmərli ə ˌfɑrməˈkɑləʤi ˈstudənt ənd ˈbɪznɪs ˈoʊnər, flɛd hɪz ˈneɪtɪv ˈkəntri ɪn 2009 wɪn ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts θˈrɛtənd tɪ kɪl ɪm. "aɪ lɔst ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ," hi sɪz. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 5 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈkɔzmoʊ ˈbitsən (fɑr raɪt), ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈvɪʒən fərst, ə ˈrɛfjuʤi eɪd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən, gɪvz ə pɛp tɔk tɪ ə grup əv ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃi ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn ðə sləm ˈvɪlɪʤ əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ ɔn ʤun 25 2013 "wɪn ɪt dɔnz ɔn ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz wət ðɛr stək ɪn, ðɛr ɪn ʃɑk," hi sɪz. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 6 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg frəm lɛft tɪ raɪt:, ˈhæʃɪm, ˈsælɪm, hafex*, ənd, ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz frəm ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ, sɪt ɪn ðɛr hoʊm ɪn ðə sləm ˈvɪlɪʤ əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ ɔn ʤun 25 2013 ɔl flɛd ðɛr hoʊm ˈkəntri du tɪ ˈlaɪfθˌrɛtnɪŋ ˈvaɪələns, ənd ər naʊ ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ə ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈstætəs dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən. haɪd ˈkæpʃən 7 əv 8 ˈfoʊˌtoʊz: əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz 'ˌɪmˈprɪzənd' ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg delwar*, ə ˈrɛfjuʤi frəm ˈbæŋləˌdɛʃ, linz aʊt əv ðə meɪn ˈɛntrəns əv ə ˈhaʊzɪŋ ˈkɑmpaʊnd ɪn ðə sləm ˈvɪlɪʤ əv pɪŋ ʧeɪ ɔn ʤun 25 2013 ðə lɑrʤ ʧaɪˈniz ˈkɛrɪktərz rɛd, "pis ənd ˈseɪfti tɪ ðoʊz hu ˈɛnər ənd liv." haɪd ˈkæpʃən 8 əv 8 hi ðɛn keɪm əp wɪθ ən əˈnɔrθəˌdɑks ˈstrætəʤi tɪ haɪd ðə fˈjuʤɪtɪv frəm ðə θrɛt əv ˈpɑsəbəl rɛnˈdɪʃən bæk tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs, wɛr sˈnoʊdən wɑz ˈbrændɪd ə ˈtreɪtər. "aɪ ədˈvaɪzd ˈmɪstər. sˈnoʊdən ɪt wʊd bi ɪn hɪz bɛst ˈɪntəˌrɛst tɪ bi pleɪst wɪθ ðə ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈfæməliz ɪn ə ˈpɑpjəˌleɪtəd ˈɛriə, ɛz ðət wʊd bi ðə læst pleɪs ðət ˈɛnibədi wʊd lʊk," sɛd. hi tʊk sˈnoʊdən tɪ ˈsɛvərəl ˈfæməliz hu hi həz ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ɔn ə proʊ ˈboʊnoʊ ˈbeɪsɪs. "leɪt æt naɪt ðeɪ nɑkt ɔn maɪ ʤɪst toʊld mi ðət ðeɪ nid səm hɛlp," rɪˈkɔld. "aɪ geɪv ɪm maɪ bɛd." ðə ˈlɔjər hoʊps ðə fɪlm wɪl brɪŋ frɛʃ ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə plaɪt əv ən ˈɛstəˌmeɪtɪd əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg. "ˈpipəl wɪθ ðə list tɪ gɪv, geɪv ðə moʊst," sɛd, rɪˈfərɪŋ tɪ ðoʊz hu hɪd hɪz haɪ ˈproʊˌfaɪl klaɪənt. hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈtərni ˈrɑbərt, raɪt, hɪd sˈnoʊdən fər ˈsɛvərəl wiks wɪθ ðə ˈfæməliz əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hi həz bɪn ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ proʊ ˈboʊnoʊ. swit tuθ dɪˈskraɪbd haʊ ʃi ənd hər ˈdɔtər hu wɑz ə ˈtɑdlər æt ðə taɪm slɛpt ɔn ðə ˈkɪʧən flɔr əv ðɛr wən ˈbɛˌdrum əˈpɑrtmənt fər ˈsɛvərəl deɪz tɪ meɪk rum fər sˈnoʊdən. ʃi lɛft hər hoʊm ˌpiriˈɑdɪkəli tɪ gɪt ɪkˈwɪpmənt fər hɪz ˈlæpˌtɑp ənd fud. "ˈmoʊstli, [sˈnoʊdən] laɪkt swits," rɪˈkɔld. sɪns ˈʃɛltərɪŋ sˈnoʊdən ɪn 2013 həz muvd tɪ ə nu hoʊm. ʃi naʊ lɪvz ɪn ə wən ˈbɛˌdrum əˈpɑrtmənt wɛr ʃi ʃɛrz ə wɪθ hər ˈɛldərli ˈməðər, hər fɔr ənd ə ˈdɔtər, ənd əˈnəðər ˈwʊmən frəm ðə ˈfɪləˌpinz. ðɛr ɪz ˈbɛrli ɪˈnəf speɪs fər ˈpipəl tɪ wɔk pæst iʧ ˈəðər ɪn ðə kræmpt rum. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ənd hər ˈlɔjərz, ʃi ənd hər ˈfæməli wər fɔrst tɪ əˈbændən ðɛr əˈpɑrtmənt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈæftər hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈθɔrətiz əˈlɛʤədli kət ɔf ɔl ˈrɛntəl ənd juˈtɪlətiz əˈsɪstəns. ˈlɔjərz səbˈmɪtəd ə lɔŋ ˈlɛtər tɪ ðə hɔŋ kɔŋg əˈθɔrətiz ðɪs wik, əˈkjuzɪŋ ðɛm əv səˈspɛndɪŋ ˈpeɪmənts tɪ "du tɪ hər rɪfˈjuzəl tɪ ˈænsər kˈwɛsʧənz əˈbaʊt ˈmɪstər ˈɛdwərd sˈnoʊdən." "noʊ wi dɪd nɑt wɪθˈhoʊld ˈɛni əˈsɪstəns," ˈkɔni huɪ, ə ˈspoʊkspərsən fər ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərvɪs ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg, toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ˌbiˈfɔr lɛft hər əˈpɑrtmənt. ʃi sɛd hər ˈeɪʤənsi hæd ˈrɛkərdz ˈpruvɪŋ ɔl əv ˈpeɪmənts hæd bɪn peɪd. əˈkjuzɪz ðə hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˈθaʊzənz əv əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz tɪ lɪv ɪn "ˌɪnˈhjumən ənd dɪˈgreɪdɪŋ ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz." "ðə hɔŋ kɔŋg ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz kəmˈplitli tɪ ɪts ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz təˈwɔrdz ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz," sɛd. puspakumara*, 44 ɪz ə ˈfɔrmər ˈsoʊlʤər frəm ˈɛˈsɑˈraɪ ˈlæŋkə hu keɪm tɪ hɔŋ kɔŋg ɪn 2003 hi geɪv əp hɪz bɛd ɪn ə ˈsɪmələr əˈpɑrtmənt tɪ sˈnoʊdən fər ˈsɛvərəl naɪts ɪn 2013 ənd ðɛn slɛpt ɪn ðə ˈhɔlˌweɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɔn ðə flɔr. ˈligəl ˈlɪmboʊ hɔŋ kɔŋg dɪz nɑt ˈfɔrməli ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈneɪʃənz ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz kənˈvɛnʃən. ənd ðə hɔŋ kɔŋg sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈbjʊroʊ toʊld ˈsiˈɛˈnɛn ɪn ən iˈmeɪl ðət əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz wɪl nɑt bi əˈlaʊd tɪ ˈsɛtəl hir ˈpərmɑˌnɛnˌtli. ðə ˈsɪti əˈθɔrətiz du prəˈvaɪd ˈmənθli rɛnt ˈpeɪmənts, ɛz wɛl ɛz əˈdɪʃənəl ˈstaɪpəndz fər juˈtɪlətiz, ˈtrænspɔrt ənd fud ˈkuˌpɔnz. bət əˈsaɪləm ˈsikərz ər bɑrd baɪ lɔ frəm ˈsikɪŋ ɪmˈplɔɪmənt ɪn ðə ˈsɪti. ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ər ˈɔlsoʊ bɔrn hir ˈsteɪtlɪs, dɪˈnaɪd ˈsɪtɪzənˌʃɪp ənd ˈpæˌspɔrts. "ɪf aɪ steɪ ɪn hɔŋ kɔŋg, maɪ ˈdɔtər wɪl groʊ əp ðə seɪm ɛz mi," sɛd. "ʃi woʊnt hæv ə fˈjuʧər." ˈæftər ˈlivɪŋ hoʊm, sˈnoʊdən flɛd tɪ ˈmɔˌskaʊ wɛr hɪz kleɪm fər ˈtɛmpərˌɛri əˈsaɪləm wɑz ˈgrænɪd. ðə ˈjuˈɛs kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ sik hɪz rɪˈtərn ɔn ˈʧɑrʤɪz əv ˈɛspiənɑʤ ənd θɛft əv ˈgəvərnmənt ˈprɑpərti. sˈnoʊdən ɪz ˈklɪrli ˈgreɪtfəl fər ðə ˌhɑspəˈtæləti hi wɑz ʃoʊn. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, hi həz hɛlpt peɪ fər hər ˈdɔtər tɪ goʊ tɪ ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən. "ðiz wər ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hu hæd ˈnəθɪŋ. ðeɪ wər ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli priˈkɛriəs ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ənd ðeɪ stɪl ər təˈdeɪ," sˈnoʊdən sɛd, ˈspikɪŋ frəm ˈmɔˌskaʊ ɪn ən ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz læst mənθ. "ðeɪ ˈdɪdənt ˈhɛzəˌteɪt tɪ ˈoʊpən ðə dɔr. ðeɪ prəˈtɛktɪd mi. ðeɪ bɪˈlivd ɪn mi ənd bət fər ðət aɪ maɪt hæv hæd ə ˈvɛri ˈdɪfərənt ˈɛndɪŋ."
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hong kong (cnn) vanessa rodel didn't realize she was sheltering the most wanted man in the world until the morning after he showed up unexpectedly at her door.
her houseguest from the united states had requested a newspaper. she discovered his high-profile identity when she recognized edward snowden's face on the front page of the hong kong daily.
"i said 'oh my god,'" rodel told cnn. "the most wanted man in the world is in my house!"
rodel -- who fled the philippines -- is one of several asylum seekers in hong kong who are now going public with a secret they kept for years.
for weeks in 2013, these impoverished people took turns hiding the man behind one of the biggest intelligence leaks in us history.
"we are part of history because we did good things," said supun kellapatha, an asylum seeker from sri lanka who gave up his family's bed for snowden.
have all lived for years in hong kong snowden's unlikely shelterershave all lived for years in hong kong in a legal limbo. the city pays their rent and a small living allowance but it won't allow them to settle permanently and work.
vanessa rodel pictured in her one bedroom apartment. in 2013, she hosted edward snowden in a different apartment slightly smaller this.
underground in hong kong
the families and their lawyer are coming forward as their brush with history is immortalized in a new hollywood movie.
the oliver stone film "snowden" depicts the tense days when the nsa whistleblower went underground in hong kong, in a bid to evade us and hong kong authorities, as well as the world media.
snowden made his first bombshell revelations about controversial us surveillance programs in an interview with the guardian newspaper in a room in hong kong's mira hotel.
the film includes a scene where a lawyer takes snowden -- played by joseph gordon-levitt -- from the hotel to a cramped apartment housing a family of sri lankan refugees.
"these are good people, they won't talk," the lawyer tells snowden. "they're stateless."
supun kellapatha and his family housed edward snowden in 2013. both his hong kong-born children are effectively stateless.
'last place anybody would look'
according to robert tibbo, the canadian lawyer who represented the real snowden, the events depicted in the movie are accurate.
"the first priority was to get mr. snowden and remove him from where he was in the mira hotel, and to do so without the media and any other third parties following him," tibbo said.
the lawyer instructed snowden to make an official refugee claim at the local office of the united nations high commissioner for refugees.
photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – mojibor, a 42-year old refugee from bangladesh, holds his four-month old child in the village of ping che, hong kong on june 25, 2013. mojibor and other asylum seekers in hong kong are legally forbidden to work, and dwell for years in decrepit housing on meager aid while awaiting a determination on their refugee status. hide caption 1 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – saidur rahman, a refugee from bangladesh, drinks water from a hose in the slum of ping che, hong kong on june 25, 2013. rahman and other asylum seekers in hong kong receive a housing allowance of $1,200 hkd ($155) a month, which barely covers rent for the most rudimentary housing. hide caption 2 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – salim, a 43-year old refugee from bangladesh, stands before a wall of family pictures in the slum of ping che, hong kong on june 25, 2013. salim, a former business owner, fled bangladesh after terrorists threatened to kill him. they have also threatened his wife and son, who is now 19, he said. hide caption 3 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – johir, a refugee from bangaldesh, stands next to a pile of salvaged objects in the slum village of ping che on june 25, 2013. because asylum seekers are forbidden to make money while awaiting a status determination, johir must gather clothes and household items from a nearby garbage dump. hide caption 4 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – arif, a 26-year old refugee from bangladesh, sits for an interview with cnn reporters in the slum of ping che on june 25, 2013. arif, formerly a pharmacology student and business owner, fled his native country in 2009 when terrorists threatened to kill him. "i lost everything," he says. hide caption 5 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – cosmo beatson (far right), executive director of vision first, a refugee aid organization, gives a pep talk to a group of bangladeshi refugees in the slum village of ping che on june 25, 2013. "when it dawns on refugees what they're stuck in, they're in shock," he says. hide caption 6 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – from left to right: saidur, hashem, salim, hafex, and johir, refugees from bangladesh, sit in their home in the slum village of ping che on june 25, 2013. all fled their home country due to life-threatening violence, and are now waiting for a refugee status determination. hide caption 7 of 8 photos: asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong asylum seekers 'imprisoned' in hong kong – delwar, a refugee from bangladesh, leans out of the main entrance of a housing compound in the slum village of ping che on june 25, 2013. the large chinese characters read, "peace and safety to those who enter and leave." hide caption 8 of 8
he then came up with an unorthodox strategy to hide the fugitive from the threat of possible rendition back to the us, where snowden was branded a traitor.
"i advised mr. snowden it would be in his best interest to be placed with the refugee families in a populated area, as that would be the last place that anybody would look," tibbo said.
he took snowden to several families who he has represented on a pro bono basis.
"late at night they knocked on my door...they just told me that they need some help," recalled rodel. "i gave him my bed."
the lawyer hopes the film will bring fresh international attention to the plight of an estimated 14,500 asylum seekers living in hong kong.
"people with the least to give, gave the most," said tibbo, referring to those who hid his high profile client.
hong kong attorney robert tibbo, right, hid snowden for several weeks with the families of refugees he has been representing pro bono.
snowden's sweet tooth
rodel described how she and her daughter -- who was a toddler at the time -- slept on the kitchen floor of their one bedroom apartment for several days to make room for snowden.
she left her home periodically to get equipment for his laptop and food.
"mostly, [snowden] liked sweets," rodel recalled.
since sheltering snowden in 2013, rodel has moved to a new home. she now lives in a one bedroom apartment where she shares a bunk-bed with her elderly mother, her four and a half-year-old daughter, and another woman from the philippines.
there is barely enough space for people to walk past each other in the cramped room.
according to rodel and her lawyers, she and her family were forced to abandon their apartment on tuesday, after hong kong authorities allegedly cut off all rental and utilities assistance.
rodel's lawyers submitted a long letter to the hong kong authorities this week, accusing them of suspending payments to rodel "due to her refusal to answer questions about mr edward snowden."
"no we did not withhold any assistance," connie hui, a spokesperson for international social service in hong kong, told cnn before rodel left her apartment.
she said her agency had records proving all of rodel's payments had been paid.
tibbo accuses the hong kong government of forcing thousands of asylum seekers to live in "inhuman and degrading circumstances."
"the hong kong government is completely non-compliant to its international obligations towards refugees," tibbo said.
ajith puspakumara, 44, is a former soldier from sri lanka who came to hong kong in 2003. he gave up his bed in a similar single-room apartment to snowden for several nights in 2013, and then slept in the hallway outside on the floor.
legal limbo
hong kong does not formally recognize the united nations refugees convention. and the hong kong security bureau told cnn in an email that asylum seekers will not be allowed to settle here permanently.
the city authorities do provide monthly rent payments, as well as additional stipends for utilities, transport and food coupons.
but asylum seekers are barred by law from seeking employment in the city. their children are also born here stateless, denied citizenship and passports.
"if i stay in hong kong, my daughter will grow up the same as me," rodel said. "she won't have a future."
after leaving rodel's home, snowden fled to moscow where his claim for temporary asylum was granted. the us continues to seek his return on charges of espionage and theft of government property.
snowden is clearly grateful for the hospitality he was shown. according to rodel, he has helped pay for her daughter to go to kindergarten.
"these were refugees who had nothing. they were living in incredibly precarious situations and they still are today," snowden said, speaking from moscow in an interview with the new york times last month.
"they didn't hesitate to open the door. they protected me. they believed in me and but for that i might have had a very different ending."
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wən əv ðə moʊst rɪˈvilɪŋ ɪksˈʧeɪnʤɪz ɪn ðə ˈbɑrkliz ˈdɑkjəmənts keɪm wɪn ə bæŋk əˈfɪʃəl traɪd tɪ dɪˈskraɪb waɪ ˌɪmˈprɑpər ˈpoʊstɪŋz wər nɑt ɛz ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ɛz ðoʊz əv ˈəðər bæŋks. klin bət dirty-clean*, ˈrəðər ðən clean-clean,”*,” ən ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv sɛd ɪn ə foʊn ˌkɑnvərˈseɪʃən. tɔk əˈbaʊt dɪˈfaɪnɪŋ ˈdivjɛnsi daʊn. clean”*” ˈvərsəz clean”*” ˈprɪti məʧ səmz əp wɔl vju əv ˈʧitɪŋ. ɪf ˈɛvriˌbɑdi dɪz ɪt, ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ʃʊd bi hɛld əˈkaʊntəbəl ɪf kɔt. əˈlæs, ˈmɛni juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz ənd ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz sim tɪ hæv bɔt ˈɪntu ðɪs ˈɑrgjəmənt. ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈθɔrətiz hæv nɑt. læst əv ˈmɑrkəs ˈeɪʤiɪs, ðə ˈbɑrkliz ˈʧɛrmən; ˈrɑbərt i. ˈdaɪmənd jr*., ɪts ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv; ənd ˈʤɛri dɛl, ɪts ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər, əˈpɛrəntli əˈkərd æt ðə bɪˈhɛst əv ðə bæŋk əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz əˈθɔrəti, ðə tɔp sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər. (ˈmɪstər. dɛl ˈɔlsoʊ simz tɪ hæv lɔst hɪz poʊst ɛz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˈɪndəstri ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪts əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ðə bɪg wɔl strit ˈlɑbiɪŋ grup. hɪz neɪm ˈvænɪʃt læst wik frəm ðə lɪst əv bɔrd ˈmɛmbərz ɔn ðə wɛb saɪt.) ˈmɪstər. ˈdaɪmənd simd ʃɑkt tɪ bi pʊʃt aʊt. ən əˈmɛrɪkən baɪ bərθ, hi ˈprɑbəˌbli θɔt bi ˈsəbʤɪkt tɪ əˈmɛrɪkən rulz əv ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt wɪn kənˈfrəntɪd wɪθ ˈɛvədəns əv ˈrɔŋduɪŋ æt hɪz bæŋk. ju noʊ haʊ ɪt wərks ɔn ðɪs saɪd əv ðə əˈtlæntɪk: feɪst wɪθ ə ˈskændəl, moʊst ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪvz ˈʤɛtɪsən ˌloʊˈlɛvəl ɪmˈplɔɪiz, ˈmeɪbi gɪv əp ə ˈboʊnəs ər tu ənd ðɛn raɪd aʊt ðə stɔrm. ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz, ɪf ðeɪ ækt, ʤɪst ˈɛkˌstrækt faɪnz frəm ðə ˈʃɛˌrhoʊldərz. ˈbrɪtɪʃ əˈfɪʃəlz ər ˈteɪkɪŋ ə ˈdɪfərənt əˈproʊʧ wɪθ ðɪs ˈskændəl. ʤɔrʤ ˈɔzˌbɔrn, ðə ˈʧænsələr əv ðə ˈɛksˌʧɛkər, wɑz dɪˈrɛkt ɪn hɪz əˈsɛsmənt əv ækˈtɪvɪtiz. ɪz klɪr ðət wət ˈhæpənd ɪn ˈbɑrkliz ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ˈəðər bæŋks wɑz kəmˈplitli ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl, wɑz ˌsɪmptəˈmætɪk əv ə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɪstəm ðət ˈɛləˌveɪtɪd grid əˈbəv ɔl ˈəðər kənˈsərnz ənd brɔt ɑr ɪˈkɑnəmi tɪ ɪts knees,”*,” hi sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ʤun 28 ˈrɔŋduɪŋ. raɪt ðə rɔŋ əv ðə eɪʤ əv irresponsibility.”*.” ˈleɪtər, ɪn ə spiʧ tɪ ˈpɑrləmɛnt, ˈmɪstər. ˈɔzˌbɔrn vɔɪst ðə kˈwɛʃən ðət soʊ ˈmɛni hæv æst ˈrisəntli ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ɪz ə kraɪm ɪn ˈɔrdəˌnɛri ˈbɪznɪs waɪ ɪt bi soʊ ɪn banking?”*?” hi æst. ˈnuzˌlɛtər saɪn əp kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri pliz ˈvɛrəˌfaɪ jʊr nɑt ə ˈroʊˌbət baɪ ˈklɪkɪŋ ðə bɑks. ˌɪnˈvæləd iˈmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs. pliz re-enter*. ju məst səˈlɛkt ə ˈnuzˌlɛtər tɪ səbˈskraɪb tɪ. saɪn əp ju wɪl rɪˈsiv iˈmeɪlz kənˈteɪnɪŋ nuz ˈkɑntɛnt ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd pərˈmoʊʃənz frəm ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz. ju meɪ æt ˈɛni taɪm. ju əˈgri tɪ rɪˈsiv ɔˈkeɪʒənəl ˈəpˌdeɪts ənd ˈspɛʃəl ˈɔfərz fər ðə nu jɔrk ˈtaɪmzɪz ˈprɑdəkts ənd ˈsərvɪsɪz. θæŋk ju fər səbˈskraɪbɪŋ. ən ˈɛrər həz əˈkərd. pliz traɪ əˈgɛn ˈleɪtər. vju ɔl nu jɔrk taɪmz ˈnuzˌlɛtərz. pərˈhæps ðə ˈbɪgəst ˈlɛsən frəm ðə ˈliˌbɔr ˈskændəl ɪz haʊ ˈdeɪnʤərəs ɪt ɪz tɪ rɪˈlaɪ ɔn ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ˈpɑrtiz tɪ sɛt ˈɪntəˌrɛst reɪts ər ˈpraɪsɪz əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈɪnstrəmənts, ˈrəðər ðən ɔn ˈækʧəwəl trænˈzækʃənz kənˈdəktəd baɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstərz. ðə ˈliˌbɔr həz bɪn sɛt ɪn ðə ˈkɑrənt ənd ˈvəlnərəbəl ˈmænər sɪns ðə leɪt 1960s*. ˈmeɪbi ɪt həz ˈnɛvər bɪn rɪgd ˌbiˈfɔr, bət hu noʊz? ɪt ɪz fɑr ˈbɛtər tɪ hæv ðə trænˈspɛrənt ənd ˈvɛrəˌfaɪəbəl ˈrɛkərd əv ˈpraɪsɪz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ə teɪp əv ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk ˈtreɪdɪŋ. səʧ ˈrɛkərdz ər ˈstændərd ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈmɛkəˌnɪzəmz fər ˈmɛni sɪˈkjʊrətiz. bət nɑt ɔl. ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt kənˈtɪnju ˈrɛdɪŋ ðə meɪn ˈstɔri ˈpraɪsɪz əv dərˈɪvətɪvz, əˈspɛʃəli ˈkrɛdɪt dɪˈfɔlt swɑps ðət treɪd, kən stɪl bi beɪst ɔn wən say-so*. waɪ ə rul prəˈpoʊzd baɪ ðə kəˈmɑdəti fˈjuʧərz ˈtreɪdɪŋ kəˈmɪʃən ðət wʊd ˌrikˈwaɪər praɪs trænˈspɛrənsi ɪn ðə swɑps ˈmɑrkɪt ɪz soʊ ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt. bət ɪt ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ waɪ wɔl strit ɪz ˈpʊʃɪŋ bæk, əˈspɛʃəli ɔn ðə prəˈpoʊzəl ðət swɑp ˌɛksəˈkjuʃən fəˈsɪlɪtiz prəˈvaɪd ˈmɑrkɪt pɑrˈtɪsəpənts, ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ baɪ ər sɛl, wɪθ ˈizəli ækˈsɛsəbəl ˈpraɪsɪz ɔn ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk screen.”*.” ðə rul wʊd ɪˈlɪməˌneɪt ðə ˈdilɪŋz baɪ ˈtɛləˌfoʊn ðət ər soʊ ˈlukrətɪv tɪ ˈtreɪdərz ənd soʊ ɪkˈspɛnsɪv tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstərz. ə bɪl ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ gət ðə prəˈpoʊzd rul ənd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn dealers’*’ ˈprɑfɪts ɪn dərˈɪvətɪvz feɪld tɪ goʊ ˈɛniˌwɛr ˈæftər biɪŋ pæst læst jɪr baɪ tu kəˈmɪtiz ɪn ðə haʊs əv ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ənd ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər. ðət wɑz ə gʊd θɪŋ. bət ðɛr ər ˈrəmbəlɪŋz ɪn ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ðət ðɪs bɪl həz riˈsərfəst ənd ðət ɪt meɪ bi kˈwaɪətli əˈtæʧt tɪ ə haʊs ˈægrɪˌkəlʧər kəˈmɪti əˌproʊpriˈeɪʃənz bɪl ˈskɛʤʊld fər ə voʊt ðɪs mənθ. ðə bɪl, ɪf pæst, wʊd bɑr ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənt fər ə ˈsɛntrəˌlaɪzd ˈpraɪsɪŋ ˈplætˌfɔrm tɪ ʃɛd laɪt ɔn ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs swɑps ˈmɑrkɪt. ɪt wʊd ˈɔlsoʊ prɪˈvɛnt ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtərz frəm rikˈwaɪərɪŋ ðət ə ˈnəmbər əv pɑrˈtɪsəpənts prəˈvaɪd praɪs kwoʊˈteɪʃənz tɪ ˈkəstəmərz, ə weɪ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ˈfɛrnəs. hɑrd tɪ bɪˈliv, ɪn ðə weɪk əv ðə ˈliˌbɔr mɛs, ðət wɔl strit ənd ɪts səˈpɔrtərz ɪn ˈkɑŋgrəs wʊd kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˈbætəl əˈgɛnst praɪs trænˈspɛrənsi ɪn ˈɛni ˈmɑrkɪt. ðɛn əˈgɛn, prɪˈsaɪsli wət ðeɪ dɪd ˈæftər ðə ˈkrɛdɪt ˈkraɪsəs. wɪθ iʧ nu ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪmˈbroʊˌljoʊ, ðə gəlf ˈwaɪdənz bɪtˈwin meɪn əˈpɪnjən əv wɔl strit ənd ðə vju əv ˌɪtˈsɛlf. wɪn ˈmɪstər. dɛl, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈbɑrkliz ʧif ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈɔfɪsər, tʊk ˈoʊvər ɛz ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə sɪˈkjʊrətiz ˈɪndəstri ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmɑrkɪts əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən læst noʊˈvɛmbər, hi sɛd: wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ wərk ɔn meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ ənd ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ˈkɑnfədɛns ˌɪnˈvɛstərz hæv ɪn ɑr ˈmɑrkɪts, ɪn ɑr oʊn ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz, ənd ɪn ðə ˈʤɛnərəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈaʊˌtlʊk fər ðə future.”*.” ˈgɪvɪn ðə ˈliˌbɔr ˈskændəl, ʤɪst seɪ gʊd lək wɪθ ðət.
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one of the most revealing exchanges in the barclays documents came when a bank official tried to describe why barclays’s improper postings were not as problematic as those of other banks. “we’re clean but we’re dirty-clean, rather than clean-clean,” an executive said in a phone conversation. talk about defining deviancy down.
“dirty clean” versus “clean clean” pretty much sums up wall street’s view of cheating. if everybody does it, nobody should be held accountable if caught. alas, many united states regulators and prosecutors seem to have bought into this argument.
british authorities have not. last week’s defenestrations of marcus agius, the barclays chairman; robert e. diamond jr., its hard-charging chief executive; and jerry del missier, its chief operating officer, apparently occurred at the behest of the bank of england and the financial services authority, the nation’s top securities regulator. (mr. del missier also seems to have lost his post as chairman of the securities industry and financial markets association, the big wall street lobbying group. his name vanished last week from the list of board members on the group’s web site.)
mr. diamond seemed shocked to be pushed out. an american by birth, he probably thought he’d be subject to american rules of engagement when confronted with evidence of wrongdoing at his bank. you know how it works on this side of the atlantic: faced with a scandal, most chief executives jettison low-level employees, maybe give up a bonus or two — and then ride out the storm. regulators, if they act, just extract fines from the shareholders.
british officials are taking a different approach with this scandal. george osborne, the chancellor of the exchequer, was direct in his assessment of barclays’s activities. “it is clear that what happened in barclays and potentially other banks was completely unacceptable, was symptomatic of a financial system that elevated greed above all other concerns and brought our economy to its knees,” he said in a statement on june 28. “punish wrongdoing. right the wrong of the age of irresponsibility.”
later, in a speech to parliament, mr. osborne voiced the question that so many have asked recently in the united states. “fraud is a crime in ordinary business — why shouldn’t it be so in banking?” he asked.
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perhaps the biggest lesson from the libor scandal is how dangerous it is to rely on interested parties to set interest rates or prices of financial instruments, rather than on actual transactions conducted by investors. the libor has been set in the current and vulnerable manner since the late 1960s. maybe it has never been rigged before, but who knows?
it is far better to have the transparent and verifiable record of prices created by a tape of electronic trading. such records are standard pricing mechanisms for many securities. but not all.
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prices of derivatives, especially credit default swaps that trade one-to-one, can still be based on one dealer’s say-so. that’s why a rule proposed by the commodityures trading commission that would require pretrade price transparency in the swaps market is so important.
but it is also why wall street is pushing back, especially on the commission’s proposal that swap execution facilities provide market participants, before they buy or sell, with easily accessible prices on “a centralized electronic screen.” the commission’s rule would eliminate the one-to-one dealings by telephone that are so lucrative to traders and so expensive to investors.
a bill intended to gut the commission’s proposed rule and to maintain dealers’ profits in derivatives failed to go anywhere after being passed last year by two committees in the house of representatives — financial services and agriculture. that was a good thing.
but there are rumblings in washington that this bill has resurfaced and that it may be quietly attached to a house agriculture committee appropriations bill scheduled for a vote this month. the bill, if passed, would bar the requirement for a centralized pricing platform to shed light on the enormous swaps market. it would also prevent regulators from requiring that a number of participants provide price quotations to customers, a way to ensure fairness.
it’s hard to believe, in the wake of the libor mess, that wall street and its supporters in congress would continue to battle against price transparency in any market. then again, that’s precisely what they did after the credit crisis.
with each new financial imbroglio, the gulf widens between main street’s opinion of wall street and the industry’s view of itself. when mr. del missier, the former barclays chief operating officer, took over as chairman of the securities industry and financial markets association last november, he said: “we will continue to work on maintaining and burnishing the level of confidence investors have in our markets, in our own financial institutions, and in the general economic outlook for theure.”
given the libor scandal, let’s just say good luck with that.
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ecuador’s* ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts hæv lɔnʧt ən ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ baɪˈlɪŋgwəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ɪts səˈpɔrt fər ən ɪˈkɑnəmi. sɔrs: nu ˈpɑləˌtɪks ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts hæv lɔnʧt ən ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ baɪˈlɪŋgwəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ɪts səˈpɔrt fər ən ɪˈkɑnəmi. ɔn ˈɔgəst 2 ðə kənˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz əv ˈɛkwəˌdɔr (conaie*) bɪˈgæn ə mɑrʧ frəm ðə ˌsaʊˈθistərn ˌæməˈzoʊniən ˈprɑvɪns əv zəˈmɔrə ðət wɪl əraɪv ɪn ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ˈsɪti əv ˈkiˌtoʊ ɔn ˈɔgəst 13 əˈpɑn ɪts ərˈaɪvəl, ðə ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs mɑrʧ wɪl ʤɔɪn ə ˈʤɛnərəl straɪk kɔld baɪ ðə ˈwərkərz juˈnaɪtɪd frənt (fut*) ɪn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈleɪbər ˈpɑləsiz. ðə mɑrʧ ənd straɪk ər ˈsɛpərˌeɪt ˈækʃənz frəm kənˈsərvətɪv ˈproʊˌtɛsts ðət ðə ˈwɛlθi ənd ˈpriviəsli ˈdɑmənənt ˈɑləˌgɑrki ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪn ʤun 2015 əˈgɛnst prəˈpoʊzd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns ənd ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ˈtæksɪz. ɪn ðət ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən, ˈlɛftɪst ˈprɛzɪdənt ˌrɑfaɪˈɛl ˈkɔriə bækt daʊn ɪn ðə feɪs əv ðə raɪt dɪˈfɛns əv ðɛr klæs ˈɪntərɪsts, ənd kɔld fər ˈdaɪəˌlɔg ˈrəðər ðən ˈproʊˌtɛst. ðə dɪˈklɛrd ðət ˈdʊrɪŋ hɪz ˈɔlˌmoʊst ˈdɛkeɪd ɪn paʊər ˈkɔriə hæd ˈnɛvər ʃoʊn ən ˈɪntəˌrɛst ɪn ˈtɔkɪŋ tɪ ðɛm ənd ðət ðə taɪm fər ˈdaɪəˌlɔg wɑz pæst. ˈrəðər, ðeɪ sɛd ɪt wɑz taɪm fər ˈækʃən. ˈkɔriə həz dɪˈnaʊnst ðə ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ ənd ˈʤɛnərəl straɪk ɛz ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt. ðə ˈæktɪvɪsts dɪˈnaɪ ðət ðɪs ɪz ðɛr ˌɪnˈtɛnt, bət ˌɪnˈstɛd kleɪm ðət ðɛr goʊl ɪz tɪ meɪk ðə ˈgəvərnmənt mɔr rɪˈspɑnsɪv tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənt dɪˈmændz. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈpɑləˌtɪks kən meɪk streɪnʤ ˈbɛdˌfɛloʊz ənd ˌɪntrəˈdus ˌɑpərˌtuˈnɪstɪk əˈlaɪənsɪz, fər ðə moʊst pɑrt ðə lɛft ənd raɪt ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈgəvərnmənt ˈfɑloʊ ˈdɪfərənt ˈstrætəʤiz ənd sik ˈdɪfərənt goʊlz. səm kənˈsərvətɪvz hæv meɪd ˈoʊpən kɔlz fər ə ku əˈgɛnst ˈkɔriə. ˈɛni səʧ muv əˈgɛnst ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ səkˈsid wɪˈθaʊt ðə səˈpɔrt. æt ˈprɛzənt ɪt əˈpɪrz ðət ðə ˈɑrmi prɪˈfərz ðə ˈsoʊʃəl geɪnz ənd stəˈbɪlɪti əv ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ðə dɪsˈrəpʃənz ðət ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd ˌɪntrəˈdus. ðə lɛft ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ˈkɔriə, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, əˈpilz tɪ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ðə ˈprɑməsəz əv ðə prəˈgrɛsɪv 2008 ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən tɪ dɪˈfɛnd ðə raɪts əv ˈneɪʧər ənd ðə ˈneɪʧər əv ðə ˌɛkwəˈdɔriən steɪt. ðiz ər nɑt dɪˈmændz ðət əˈpil tɪ kənˈsərvətɪvz. səm ˈrædɪkəlz əˈkjuz ˈkɔriə əv ˈgəvərnɪŋ ɛz ə kənˈsərvətɪv, ənd əv dɪˈfɛndɪŋ ɪnˈtrɛnʧt ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts. ðeɪ wʊd laɪk tɪ ˌriˈpleɪs ɪm wɪθ ə tru ˈlɛftɪst, ənd hæv rən ˈkænədɪts əˈgɛnst ɪm ɪn ˌprɛzɪˈdɛnʃəl ɪˈlɛkʃənz. ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈprɪnsəpəld ˈlɛftɪsts ˈrɛfˌjuz tɪ ˈælaɪ wɪθ kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd du nɑt wɔnt tɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈpriviəs ˌnioʊˈlɪbərəl ˈgəvərnmənts. ˈmɑdərˌeɪts ɪn ˈɛkwəˌdɔr, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl səˈpɔrtərz, kənˈtɛnd ðət ðə ˈgloʊbəl ˈkæpətəlɪst ˈɔrdər kənˈstreɪnz ðə ˌɛkwəˈdɔriən ˈgəvərnmənt frəm ˈteɪkɪŋ mɔr ˈrædɪkəl ˈækʃən. səˈpɔrtərz ˈɑrgju ðət ɪf hi əˈtɛmptəd tɪ ˈɪmpləmənt ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈʤɛndə ɪt wʊd dɪˈsteɪbəˌlaɪz ðə ˈkəntri ənd θˈrɛtən tɪ ənˈdu ðə drəˈmætɪk geɪnz əv ðə læst tɛn jɪrz. ə ˈhɪstəri əv ˈproʊˌtɛst ɪn ðə, ðə ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈpaʊərfəl ˈʤɛnərəl straɪks əˈgɛnst kənˈsərvətɪv ˈgəvərnmənts ðət ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ˌnioʊˈlɪbərəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ðət ˈʃɪftɪd ˈpəblɪk ˈrisɔrsɪz frəm ðə pur tɪ ðə ˈwɛlθi. ɪn 1990 ðə brɔt ðə ˈkəntri tɪ ɪts niz wɪθ ə ˈpaʊərfəl ˈəˌpraɪzɪŋ ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ˈrʊrəl lænd dɪˈmændz. ɪn ðə, ðə ˈimərʤd æt ðə hɛd əv ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənts ðət riˈmuvd ə ˈsɪriz əv ˌənˈpɑpjələr kənˈsərvətɪv ˈgəvərnmənts frəm paʊər. wən əv ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt geɪnz wɑz kənˈtroʊl ˈoʊvər ðə baɪˈlɪŋgwəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˈproʊˌgræmz, ən əˈgrimənt ðət ðə ˈkɔriə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən ˈleɪtər roʊld bæk. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənt ˈproʊˌtɛsts kriˈeɪtɪd pəˈlɪtɪkəl speɪs ðət ˈkɔriə juzd tɪ wɪn ɪˈlɛkʃən ɛz ˈprɛzɪdənt ɪn 2006 ˈkɔriə kˈwɪkli hæd ə ˈfɑlɪŋ aʊt wɪθ ðə ˈoʊvər ðə kˈwɛʃən əv ˈwɛðər ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənts ʃʊd dɪˈfaɪn ðə ˈpɑləsiz ðət ðə ˈgəvərnmənt wʊd ˈɪmpləmənt. ɪn ˈɔfəs, ˈkɔriə ˈoʊvərˌtərnd ˈpriviəs ˌnioʊˈlɪbərəl ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈpɑləsiz ɛz hi ˈʃɪftɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ ˈpriviəsli ˈmɑrʤənəˌlaɪzd ənd ˌɪmˈpɑvrɪʃt ˈsɛktərz əv soʊˈsaɪɪti. drəˈmætɪk ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈspɛndɪŋ sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli loʊərd ˈpɑvərti ənd ˌɪnɪkˈwɑləti reɪts, ənd ˌɪnˈkrist ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz. hɪz səkˈsɛs ərnd ɪm ðə haɪəst əˈpruvəl ˈreɪtɪŋz əv ˈɛni ʧif ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz ənd rɪˈpitɪd riɪˈlɛkʃən tɪ ˈɔfəs. ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənt ˈæktɪvɪsts kəmˈpleɪn ðət səkˈsɛs həz bɪn du tɪ ə kənˈtɪnjud rɪˈlaɪəns ɔn ˈɪndəstriz, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr pəˈtroʊliəm ənd goʊld ˈmaɪnɪŋ, tɪ fənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈproʊˌgræmz. səʧ ˈpɑləsiz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈæktɪvɪsts, hɑrm ðə ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt ənd ˌrikˈwaɪər væst əˈmaʊnts əv ˈwɔtər ðət wʊd ˈəðərˌwaɪz bi juzd tɪ mit ˈjumən nidz. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈpɑləsiz feɪl tɪ breɪk frəm ə ˈkæpətəlɪst moʊd əv pərˈdəkʃən. sɪns ˈkɔriə tʊk ˈɔfəs ˈɔlˌmoʊst tɛn jɪrz əˈgoʊ, ðə həz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst ˈɛnərˌpraɪzɪz ənd ɪn səˈpɔrt əv ˈwɔtər raɪts. ðə ˈkɑrənt mɑrʧ dɪˈpɑrtɪd frəm ən ˈɛriə ðət həz bɪn ðə saɪt əv ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈproʊˌtɛsts ˈoʊvər goʊld ˈmaɪnɪŋ. ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪr, ðə həz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ə ˈsɪriz əv straɪks əˈgɛnst prəˈpoʊzd riˈvɪʒənz tɪ ðə ˈsækroʊsæŋkt 1938 ˈleɪbər koʊd. nən əv ðiz ˈækʃənz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, həz geɪnd ðə saɪz ər ˈpəblɪk ˈprɛzəns əv ˈpriviəs ˈproʊˌtɛsts ɪn ðə ənd. dɪˈvɪʒənz ˈkɔriə kleɪmz ðət ðə dɪz nɑt spik fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ðə ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmæsɪz ɪn ˈɛkwəˌdɔr, ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd həz ˈæˌlaɪd wɪθ dɪˈskrɛdɪtɪd kənˈsərvətɪv ˌpɑləˈtɪʃənz əˈgɛnst hɪz ˈlɛftɪst ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts ər rɛnt wɪθ dɪˈvɪʒənz ðət hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˈprɛzənt, boʊθ wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈmuvmənt ənd bɪtˈwin ðə ˈbeɪsɪz ənd ðɛr ˈlidərz. ɪt ɪz ə mɪˈsteɪk tɪ θɪŋk ðət ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs kəmˈjunɪtiz, ɛz wɪθ ˈɛni grup əv ˈpipəl, wʊd spik wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl vɔɪs. ˈivɪn ɪn ðə wɪn ðə hɛld ə ˈdɑmənənt pəˈzɪʃən ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ, dɪˈspaɪt ɪts bɛst ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɪt ˈnɛvər geɪnd ə ˌhɛgəˈmɑnɪk vɔɪs. ˈrəðər, ðə ˈlidərz ˈʤɛnərəli steɪkt aʊt ə pəˈzɪʃən ˈʤɛnərəli əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ nɑnˌgəvərnˈmɛntəl ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz (ɛŋˈgoʊz) ənd ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən θiˈɑləʤi ˈɪnˌfluənsɪz ɪn ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ. ðə ɔˈkeɪʒənəˌli kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd ənd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz kəmˈpitɪd wɪθ θri ˈəðər ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz. ðə ˌɛkwəˈdɔriən ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈɪndiənz (fei*) ɪz ðə ˈoʊldəst ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ənd wərkt ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ðə ˈkɑmjənəst ˈpɑrti. ðə ˈnæʃənəl kənˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən əv ˈpɛzənt, ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs, ənd ˈnigroʊ ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz (fenocin*) wɑz aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ə mɔr ““peasant”*” ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ ðə ˈsoʊʃəlɪst ˈpɑrti. ðə ˈkaʊnsəl əv ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˌivænˈʤɛlɪkəl ˈpipəlz ənd ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz (feine*) ˈɔfən teɪks mɔr kənˈsərvətɪv pəˈzɪʃənz ɪn laɪn wɪθ ɪts rɪˈlɪʤəs ˌɔriɛnˈteɪʃən, bət ˈɔlsoʊ həz kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə ˈəðər ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃənz əraʊnd ˈkɑmən ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ˈɪntərɪsts. ɔn əˈkeɪʒən ˈkɔriə tərnz tɪ ˈəðər ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃənz, ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ðə ənd ðə fenocin*, tɪ kleɪm ðət ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs kəmˈjunɪtiz səˈpɔrt hɪz ˈpɑləsiz. ˈkɔriə həz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtɛmptəd tɪ kriˈeɪt nu ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz wɪθ ˈdɪsədənts frəm ðə, ə ˈstrætəʤi ðət ˈpriviəs kənˈsərvətɪv ˈgəvərnmənts ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪmpləˌmɛnəd ɪn ən əˈtɛmpt tɪ ˈəndərˌmaɪn ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənt ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈɛfərts. dɪˈspaɪt ˈɛfərts tɪ dɪˈfit ðə, ɪt stɪl rɪˈmeɪnz ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ənd bɛst ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ɪt həz ˈnɛvər əˈʧivd ɪts goʊl əv ˈspikɪŋ fər ɔl ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈpipəlz ənd ˌnæʃəˈnælɪtiz wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl juˈnaɪtɪd vɔɪs. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, ˈvɛri klɪr pəˈlɪtɪkəl dɪˈvɪʒənz hæv ˈimərʤd wɪˈθɪn ðə. ɪn ə breɪk frəm ˈpriviəs ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃənz ðət ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts wʊd ˈnɛvər kəˈlæbərˌeɪt wɪθ ðɛr hɪˈstɔrɪk ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ðə ˈɑləˌgɑrki, ə kənˈsərvətɪv wɪŋ ɪn ðə həz ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˌɑpərˌtuˈnɪstɪk əˈlaɪənsɪz wɪθ əˈpoʊnənts ɔn ðə raɪt. ðeɪ vjud ðiz əˈlaɪənsɪz ɛz ðə bɛst ˈɔpʃən tɪ ˈʧælənʤ ðə əˌθɔrəˈtɛriən ənd ˈpɑləsiz. ðə kənˈsərvətɪv wɪŋ kənˈdɛmd ə kəmˈpitɪŋ lɛft wɪŋ fər ðɛr ˈoʊpənɪŋz tɪ ðə ˈkɔriə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən. səm ˈlɛftɪst ˈæktɪvɪsts hæv kɔld fər ə line”*” əˈproʊʧ ɪn wɪʧ ðeɪ ˈkrɪtɪˌsaɪz ˈkɔriə fər hɪz ˈpɑləsi ˈfeɪljərz ˈivɪn ɛz ðeɪ ər ˈoʊpən tɪ kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈprɛzɪdənt ɔn hɪz ˈpɑzətɪv ˈpɑləsi ˌɪˈnɪʃətɪvz. waɪl ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən dɪz nɑt hæv məˈʤɔrəti səˈpɔrt əˈməŋ ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp, ɪf poʊlz ər tɪ bi bɪˈlivd ɪt ɪz pərˈhæps ə mɔr ˈkɑmən pəˈzɪʃən əˈməŋ ðə ˈbeɪsɪz ɪn ˈrʊrəl kəmˈjunɪtiz. ɪn ə ˌʤuˈlaɪ əˈsɛmbli æt wɪʧ ðə ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ə ˌmoʊbəlɪˈzeɪʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp kənˈdɛmd boʊθ ðoʊz hu kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪd wɪθ ðə kənˈsərvətɪvz ənd ðoʊz hu wər ˈoʊpən tɪ ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈkɔriə. ˈrəðər, ðə ˌfɛdərˈeɪʃən ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ kənˈtɪnju ə ˈpɑləsi əv ˈoʊpən ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ ðə ˈpɑləsiz ɔn baɪˈlɪŋgwəl ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ənd ˈɪndəstriz. ˈəðər dɪˈmændz ðət ðə ənd ðə ər ˈmeɪkɪŋ əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ər tɪ ˈɑrˌkaɪv ə sɛt əv ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃənəl əˈmɛndmənts ðət wʊd ɪkˈspænd ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv paʊər ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pərˈmɪtɪŋ riɪˈlɛkʃən, ˈlɪmət ˈpɛnʃənz fər rɪˈtaɪrd ˈpipəl, ˈlɪmət fri ˈækˌsɛs tɪ haɪər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən, ɪkˈspænd ɔɪl ˈdrɪlɪŋ ɪn ðə yasuní*í ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk, ənd ˈʧælənʤ ðə raɪts əv ˈneɪʧər. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə noʊ ˈlɔŋgər həz ðə paʊər ɪt hæd ɪn ðə, ənd ðə həz lɔst məʧ əv ðə koʊˈhɪrəns ənd fɔrs ɪt ˌɛnˈʤɔɪd ɪn ðə. ˈniðər ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ɪz ˈlaɪkli tɪ bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə ˈkəntri ɛz ðeɪ ˈpriviəsli wər ˈeɪbəl tɪ du. æt ðə seɪm taɪm, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈprɛzəns əv ə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈtɛndənsi wɪˈθɪn ðə dɪˈvərs ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts, ˈkɔriə ɪz rɔŋ ɪn əˈtɛmptɪŋ tɪ peɪnt ɔl ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən tɪ hɪz ˈgəvərnmənt wɪθ səʧ brɔd stroʊks. ˈkɔriə həz ɪkˈsɛld æt ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɪˈlɛktərəl ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz ðət əˈʃʊr hɪz kənˈtɪnjud hoʊld ɔn paʊər, ənd ɪz ənˈlaɪkli tɪ bi riˈmuvd frəm paʊər. ˈrəðər ðən ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪŋ ə θrɛt frəm ə rɪˈsərʤənt ˈraɪtˌwɪŋ, ɛz wɑz ðə keɪs wɪθ ðə ʤun ˈproʊˌtɛsts əˈgɛnst ˌɪnˈhɛrətəns ənd ˈkæpɪtəl geɪnz ˈtæksɪz, ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈproʊˌtɛsts ˈɪləˌstreɪt ðət ə ˈlɛftˌwɪŋ ˈgəvərnmənt ənd ˈlɛftˌwɪŋ ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmuvmənts ˈɔfən ˈɔpərˌeɪt æt dɪˈvərʤənt ənd ˌɪnkəmˈpætəbəl sɛts əv ˈlɑʤɪk ənd ˈpɑləsi əˈbʤɛktɪvz. mɑrk ˈbɛkər ˈtiʧɪz ˈlætən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri æt ˈtrumən steɪt ˌjunəˈvərsəti. hi ɪz ðə ˈɔθər əv pachakutik*: ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts ənd ɪˈlɛktərəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks ɪn ˈɛkwəˌdɔr ˈlɪtəlˌfild ˈpəblɪʃərz, 2011 ənd ˈɪndiənz ənd ˈlɛftɪsts ɪn ðə ˈmeɪkɪŋ əv ˈmɑdərn ˌɪnˈdɪʤənəs ˈmuvmənts (duk, 2008 wɪθ kɪm klɑrk əv ˈhaɪlənd ˈɪndiənz ənd ðə steɪt ɪn ˈmɑdərn ˈɛkwəˌdɔr (ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ˈpɪtsbərg prɛs, 2007 ənd ˈɛdɪtər ənd trænzˈleɪtər wɪθ ˈhɛri ˈvændən əv josé*é ˈkɑrloʊs mariátegui*: ən ænˈθɔləˌʤi (nu jɔrk: ˈmənθli ˌrivˈju prɛs, 2011 iˈmeɪl mɑrk ˈbɛkər æt
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ecuador’s indigenous movements have launched an uprising to challenge the government’s opposition to bilingual education and its support for an extractive-based economy.
source: new politics
ecuador’s indigenous movements have launched an uprising to challenge the government’s opposition to bilingual education and its support for an extractive-based economy.
on august 2, the confederation of indigenous nationalities of ecuador (conaie) began a march from the southeastern amazonian province of zamora chinchipe that will arrive in the capital city of quito on august 13. upon its arrival, the indigenous march will join a general strike called by the workers united front (fut) in opposition to the government’s labor policies.
the conaie march and fut strike are separate actions from conservative protests that the wealthy and previously dominant oligarchy organized in june 2015 against proposed increases in inheritance and capital gains taxes. in that situation, ecuador’s leftist president rafael correa backed down in the face of the right wing’s defense of their class interests, and called for dialogue rather than protest.
the conaie declared that during his almost decade in power correa had never shown an interest in talking to them and that the time for dialogue was past. rather, they said it was time for action.
correa has denounced the indigenous uprising and general strike as an attempt to destabilize his government. the activists deny that this is their intent, but instead claim that their goal is to make the government more responsive to social movement demands.
although politics can make strange bedfellows and introduce opportunistic alliances, for the most part the left and right opposition to correa’s government follow different strategies and seek different goals.
some conservatives have made open calls for a coup against correa. any such extra-constitutional move against the president is unlikely to succeed without the military’s support. at present it appears that the army prefers the social gains and stability of correa’s government to the disruptions that a conservative government would introduce.
the left opposition to correa, on the other hand, appeals to the government to implement the promises of the progressive 2008 constitution to defend the rights of nature and the plurinational nature of the ecuadorian state. these are not demands that appeal to conservatives.
some radicals accuse correa of governing as a conservative, and of defending entrenched economic interests. they would like to replace him with a true leftist, and have run candidates against him in presidential elections. in most cases, principled leftists refuse to ally with conservatives and do not want to return to previous neoliberal governments.
moderates in ecuador, as well as correa’s international supporters, contend that the global capitalist order constrains the ecuadorian government from taking more radical action. correa’s supporters argue that if he attempted to implement the left’s political agenda it would destabilize the country and threaten to undo the dramatic socio-economic gains of the last ten years.
a history of protest
in the 1980s, the fut organized a series of powerful general strikes against conservative governments that implemented neoliberal economic policies that shifted public resources from the poor to the wealthy. in 1990, the conaie brought the country to its knees with a powerful uprising in support of rural land demands.
in the 1990s, the conaie emerged at the head of well-organized social movements that removed a series of unpopular conservative governments from power. one of the conaie’s most significant gains was control over the country’s bilingual education programs, an agreement that the correa administration later rolled back.
social movement protests created political space that correa used to win election as president in 2006. correa quickly had a falling out with the conaie over the question of whether the executive or social movements should define the policies that the government would implement.
in office, correa overturned previous neoliberal economic policies as he shifted significant resources to previously marginalized and impoverished sectors of society. dramatic increases in social spending significantly lowered poverty and inequality rates, and increased access to social services. his success earned him the highest approval ratings of any chief executive in the americas and repeated reelection to office.
social movement activists complain that correa’s success has been due to a continued reliance on extractive industries, in particular petroleum and gold mining, to fund social programs. such policies, according to the activists, harm the environment and require vast amounts of water that would otherwise be used to meet human needs. in addition, the extractive policies fail to break from a capitalist mode of production.
since correa took office almost ten years ago, the conaie has organized a series of protests against extractive enterprises and in support of water rights. the current march departed from an area that has been the site of intense protests over gold mining. over the past year, the fut has also organized a series of strikes against correa’s proposed revisions to the sacrosanct 1938 labor code. none of these actions, however, has gained the size or public presence of previous protests in the 1980s and 1990s.
divisions
correa claims that the conaie does not speak for the majority of the indigenous masses in ecuador, and instead has allied with discredited conservative politicians against his leftist government. in reality, indigenous movements are rent with divisions that have always been present, both within the movement and between the bases and their leaders. it is a mistake to think that indigenous communities, as with any group of people, would speak with a single voice.
even in the 1990s when the conaie held a dominant position in social movement organizing, despite its best intent it never gained a hegemonic voice. rather, the conaie leaders generally staked out a center-left position generally associated with non-governmental organizations (ngos) and liberation theology influences in the catholic church.
the conaie occasionally collaborated and sometimes competed with three other indigenous organizations. the ecuadorian federation of indians (fei) is the oldest federation and worked closely with the communist party. the national confederation of peasant, indigenous, and negro organizations (fenocin) was identified as a more “peasant” organization associated with the socialist party. the council of indigenous evangelical peoples and organizations (feine) often takes more conservative positions in line with its religious orientation, but also has collaborated with the other indigenous federations around common economic interests.
on occasion correa turns to other federations, in particular the fei and the fenocin, to claim that indigenous communities support his policies. correa has also attempted to create new organizations with dissidents from the conaie, a strategy that previous conservative governments also implemented in an attempt to undermine independent social movement organizing efforts.
despite correa’s efforts to defeat the conaie, it still remains the largest and best organized indigenous federation, even though it has never achieved its goal of speaking for all indigenous peoples and nationalities with a single united voice. at the same time, very clear political divisions have emerged within the conaie.
in a break from previous declarations that indigenous movements would never collaborate with their historic enemies in the oligarchy, a conservative wing in the conaie has engaged in opportunistic alliances with correa’s opponents on the right. they viewed these alliances as the best option to challenge the president’s authoritarian and anti-democratic policies.
the conservative wing condemned a competing left wing for their openings to the correa administration. some leftist activists have called for a “third line” approach in which they criticize correa for his policy failures even as they are open to collaborating with the president on his positive policy initiatives. while this position does not have majority support among the conaie leadership, if polls are to be believed it is perhaps a more common position among the bases in rural communities.
in a july assembly at which the conaie decided to organize a mobilization against the government, the leadership condemned both those who collaborated with the conservatives and those who were open to working with correa. rather, the federation decided to continue a policy of open opposition to the government’s policies on bilingual education and extractive industries.
other demands that the conaie and the fut are making of the government are to archive a set of constitutional amendments that would expand executive power including permitting correa’s reelection, limit pensions for retired people, limit free access to higher education, expand oil drilling in the yasuní national park, and challenge the rights of nature.
meanwhile, the fut no longer has the power it had in the 1980s, and the conaie has lost much of the coherence and force it enjoyed in the 1990s. neither organization is likely to be able to shut down the country as they previously were able to do.
at the same time, despite the presence of a conservative tendency within the diverse indigenous movements, correa is wrong in attempting to paint all opposition to his government with such broad strokes. correa has excelled at making electoral calculations that assure his continued hold on power, and is unlikely to be removed from power.
rather than representing a threat from a resurgent rightwing, as was the case with the june protests against inheritance and capital gains taxes, the current protests illustrate that a leftwing government and leftwing social movements often operate at divergent and incompatible sets of logic and policy objectives.
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marc becker teaches latin american history at truman state university. he is the author of pachakutik: indigenous movements and electoral politics in ecuador (rowman & littlefield publishers, 2011) and indians and leftists in the making of ecuador’s modern indigenous movements (duke, 2008); co-editor with kim clark of highland indians and the state in modern ecuador (university of pittsburgh press, 2007); and editor and translator with harry vanden of josé carlos mariátegui: an anthology (new york: monthly review press, 2011). email marc becker at marc@yachana.org
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spræt: aɪ wɑz ɔn ə sleɪv ˌplænˈteɪʃən ənd ðeɪ pʊt mi ɪn ðə sleɪv kˈwɔrtərz baɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. aɪ kʊd hir ˈfʊtˌstɛps ɪn ðɪs ˈkæbən wɪθ mi. noʊ wən ɛls wɑz ɪn ðɛr. aɪ hərd ˈfʊtˌstɛps ˈwɔkɪŋ ɔl əraʊnd mi, ənd aɪ wɑz laɪk, lɔrd, ðɪs ɪz ɪt. ɪf aɪ si ˈɛniˌθɪŋ raɪt naʊ, aɪ wɪl ˈlɪtərəli pæs əˈweɪ, ənd noʊ wənz ɪn hir tɪ hɛlp mi. mæs: ɔn ə lɔt əv ˈəðər pɛrəˈnɔrməl ʃoʊz, ju gɪt gaɪz hu traɪ tɪ bi ˌigəˈtɪstɪkəl, təf gaɪz bət nɑt mi. əm ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə wən əv ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi wɔnts tɪ ʃoʊ ðət rɑ ˈiˌmoʊʃən əv biɪŋ skɛrd, biɪŋ ˈfɪrfəl, raɪt? bət wi ˈrɪli ɪmˈbreɪs ðət ˈhjuməˌnaɪzɪŋ ˈifɛkt. ˈhɑrvi: wi ˈɔlsoʊ mit ðɪs wɪθ ˈskɛptɪˌsɪzəm. wi ər ˈɛʤəˌkeɪtɪd ˈbrəðərz. wi brɪŋ ɔl əv ðət ɪn. wɪr ˈfəni ənd wi hæv ˈkɛmɪstri bɪˈkəz wiv noʊn iʧ ˈəðər fər jɪrz. wi traɪ tɪ ˈɔlˌweɪz dɪˈbəŋk ɑrˈsɛlvz, ənd wi hæv tɪ meɪk ʃʊr ðə ˈɛriə ɪz seɪf. ɔl əv ðiz ˈpleɪsɪz ər kraɪm sinz ɪn ə grænd skim: ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈhæpənd ɪn ðɪs spɑt ənd wɪr traɪɪŋ tɪ ˈfɪgjər aʊt waɪ laɪf wɑz lɔst ənd ə ˈspɪrɪt steɪd.
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spratt: i was on a slave plantation and they put me in the slave quarters by myself. i could hear footsteps in this cabin with me. no one else was in there. i heard footsteps walking all around me, and i was like, lord, this is it. if i see anything right now, i will literally pass away, and no one's in here to help me.
mass: on a lot of other paranormal shows, you get guys who try to be egotistical, tough guys -- but not me. i'm probably the scaredest one of all of us. nobody wants to show that raw emotion of being scared, being fearful, right? but we really embrace that humanizing effect.
harvey: we also meet this with skepticism. we are educated brothers. we bring all of that in. we're funny and we have chemistry because we've known each other for years. we try to always debunk ourselves, and we have to make sure the area is safe. all of these places are crime scenes in a grand scheme: something happened in this spot and we're trying to figure out why life was lost and a spirit stayed.
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ˈbəfəˌloʊ bɪlz dəg ˈweɪli dɪd nɑt teɪk lɔŋ tɪ kənˈfərm wɪʧ pleɪər wɪl bi rɪˈpleɪsɪŋ ˈkɔrdi glɛn ɛz ðə lɛft ˈtækəl wɪn ˈtreɪnɪŋ kæmp ˈpræktɪsɪz bɪˈgɪn təˈmɑˌroʊ ˈivnɪŋ: ˈɪtəl bi ˈrʊki pɪk ˈhɛndərsən. "hiz ə ˈtæləntɪd gaɪ," ˈweɪli sɛd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt ɔn ðə ʤɑn ˈmərfi ʃoʊ. "wi fil ðət, əˈgɛn, ɪf hi hæv ðoʊz ˈdimənz, hi wʊd hæv bɪn ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd. ɪkˈsaɪtɪd tɪ si ɪm trænzˈleɪt ðət tɪ ðə fild. wɪθ ˈkɔrdi biɪŋ aʊt, hiz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ɑr ˈstɑrtɪŋ lɛft ˈtækəl raɪt naʊ." glɛn, ɛz wi dɪˈskəst ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ, ɪz ˈkərəntli ɔn ðə ˈɪlnəs lɪst. ˈweɪli kɔld ɪm "ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ" waɪl rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ veɪg əˈbaʊt wɪn, ɪgˈzæktli, hi maɪt rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp. aɪˈdili, glɛn wɪl bi bæk ɪn ðə ˈlaɪˌnəp sun, bət ðə bɪlz gɪv ɔf ðə vaɪb ðət ðɛr ˈmeɪkɪŋ plænz tɪ bi wɪˈθaʊt ɪm fər ə waɪl. ˈhɛndərsən, wəns ə tɔp rɪˈkrut ˈkəmɪŋ aʊt əv haɪ skul, fɛl ɔl ðə weɪ daʊn ˈɪntu ðə ˈsɛvənθ raʊnd əv ðə 2014 ˈɛˌnɛˈfɛl dræft θæŋks tɪ ə ˌmidiˈoʊkər ˈkɑlɪʤ kərɪr fɪld wɪθ ˈɪʃuz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈməltəpəl səˈspɛnʃənz ənd ə feɪld drəg tɛst æt ðə ˈkɑmbaɪn. stɪl, hi ɪz ə ˈæθˌlit wɪθ rɛr ˈmuvmənt skɪlz, ənd hi həz ə trɪˈmɛndəs ˌɑpərˈtunəti ˈsɪtɪŋ ɪn frənt əv ɪm naʊ ðət hil bi ɪkˈspoʊzd tɪ wərk. "wi noʊ hɪz ˈdimənz ɔf ðə fild, ənd wi θɪŋk gɑt ə hoʊld əv ðoʊz θɪŋz," ˈweɪli toʊld ˈmərfi ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ naɪt.
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buffalo bills gm doug whaley did not take long to confirm which player will be replacing cordy glenn as the first-team left tackle when training camp practices begin tomorrow evening: it'll be rookie seventh-round pick seantrel henderson.
"he's a talented guy," whaley said friday night on the john murphy show. "we feel that, again, if he didn’t have those demons, he would have been probably in the first round. we’re excited to see him translate that to the field. with cordy being out, he's going to be our starting left tackle right now."
glenn, as we discussed yesterday, is currently on the active/non-football illness list. whaley called him "day-to-day" while remaining vague about when, exactly, he might return to the lineup. ideally, glenn will be back in the lineup soon, but the bills give off the vibe that they're making plans to be without him for a while.
henderson, once a top recruit coming out of high school, fell all the way down into the seventh round of the 2014 nfl draft thanks to a mediocre college career filled with off-field issues, including multiple suspensions and a failed drug test at the combine. still, he is a 6'7", 331-pound athlete with rare movement skills, and he has a tremendous opportunity sitting in front of him now that he'll be exposed to first-team work.
"we know his demons off the field, and we think he’s got a hold of those things," whaley told murphy on friday night.
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ˈwɔrnər bros*. həz rɪˈvild ðət ðə spɑt ɪt rɪˈzərvd fər meɪ 24 2019 wɪθ ən ɪˈvɛnt ˈtaɪtəl wɪl bi ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd baɪ ðɛr ˈfiʧər teɪk əv ðə hɪt ˈpiˈsi ənd æp geɪm minecraft*. pɪk wɪl bi pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ənd ɔn ˈaɪˌmæks. ˈsəmər ˈskɛʤʊl ɪz stɪl ˈfɪlɪŋ aʊt ənd ðə ˈoʊnli ˈəðər ˈtaɪtəl sˈleɪtɪd fər meɪ soʊ fɑr ɪz avengers*: ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti wɔr pɑrt ɔn meɪ 3 ɔn ʤun 14 əv ðət jɪr, ˈwɔrnər bros*. həz ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrt əv ˈʤəstɪs lig. ˈdɛˌdlaɪn fərst broʊk ðə nuz ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2014 əˈbaʊt ˈwɔrnər bros*. əkˈwaɪərɪŋ ðə ˈmuvi raɪts bæk ɪn 2014 wɪθ ˈlɛgoʊ ˈmuvi prəˈdusər rɔɪ li ənd min gərlz prəˈdusər ʤɪl ˈmɛsɪk bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˈprɑpərti. læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ɪt wɑz əˈnaʊnst ðət ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈsəni ɪn ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə ˈæktər rɑb wɪl dɪˈrɛkt.
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warner bros. has revealed that the spot it reserved for may 24, 2019 with an event title will be occupied by their feature take of the hit pc and app game minecraft. pic will be presented in 3d and on imax.
summer 2019’s schedule is still filling out and the only other title slated for may so far is disney/marvel’s avengers: infinity war part ii on may 3. on june 14 of that year, warner bros. has the second part of justice league.
deadline first broke the news in february 2014 about warner bros. acquiring the mojang movie rights back in 2014 with lego movie producer roy lee and mean girls producer jill messick behind the property. last july, it was announced that it’s always sunny in philadelphia actor rob mcelhenney will direct.
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ˈpɛrənts ənd rɪˈpɔrtərz kraʊd təˈgɛðər ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən əˈkjuzd əv əˈbjuzɪŋ ˈʧɪldrən. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ðət rənz ðə fəˈsɪlɪti dɪˈrɛkli ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd 80 ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtənz ənd ˈfrænʧaɪzd əˈnəðər 175 ˈpriˌskulz, ɪn 130 ˈsɪtiz ənd taʊnz əˈkrɔs ˈʧaɪnə, ɛz əv ʤun 30 ˈfoʊˌtoʊ: ə grup əv ˈpɛrənts ˈproʊˌtɛstəd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ə ˌbeɪˈʒɪŋ ˈkɪndərˌgɑrtən ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ ˈoʊvər əˈlɛʤd əˈbjuzɪz ˈæftər ˈnidəl mɑrks wər faʊnd ɔn æt list eɪt ˈʧɪldrən. ðə skul ɪn ðə ˈistərn ˈsəbərb əv wɑz rən baɪ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən, wɪʧ wɑz ˈlɪstɪd ðə nu jɔrk stɑk ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ɔn sɛpt. 27 wən ˈməðər toʊld ðət ʃi hæd faʊnd ˈnidəl mɑrks ɔn hər ɑrmz, ˈbətəks ənd ˈfɔrhɛd. ˈsɛvərəl ˈpɛrənts, hu hæd faʊnd ˈsɪmələr ʤæb mɑrks ɔn ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən, sɛd ðə ˈnidəlz meɪ hæv bɪn juzd baɪ ˈtiʧərz tɪ ˈdɪsəplən ˈʧɪldrən.
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parents and reporters crowd together thursday outside the beijing kindergarten accused of abusing children. the company that runs the facility directly operated 80 kindergartens and franchised another 175 preschools, in 130 cities and towns across china, as of june 30. photo: caixin
a group of parents protested outside a beijing kindergarten on thursday over alleged abuses after needle marks were found on at least eight children.
the school in the eastern suburb of guanzhuang was run by ryb education institution, which was listed the new york stock exchange on sept. 27.
one mother told caixin that she had found needle marks on her daughter’s arms, buttocks and forehead. several parents, who had found similar jab marks on their children, said the needles may have been used by teachers to discipline children.
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æt list 15 ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃənz hæv əˈbændənd plænz tɪ hoʊst ˈfənˌdreɪzərz æt ˈprɛzɪdənt trəmps rɪˈzɔrt sɪns hɪz rɪˈmɑrks ɔn ðə ˈvaɪələns ɪn ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl, vərˈʤɪnjə. hir ər ðə grups ðət həz kənˈfərmd hæv ˈkænsəld ɔn. ðeɪ ər ˈlɪstɪd baɪ ðə deɪ ˈvɛrəˌfaɪd ðɛr dɪˈsɪʒən. ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 17 1 ˈklivlənd ˈklɪnɪk 2 ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈkænsər soʊˈsaɪɪti 3 əˈmɛrɪkən frɛndz əv ˈdeɪvɪd ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 18 4 əˈmɛrɪkən rɛd krɔs 5 ðə sælˈveɪʃən ˈɑrmi 6 ˈsuzən ʤi. 7 ðə raɪən lɪkt sæŋ baɪˈpoʊlər faʊnˈdeɪʃən ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 19 8 pɑm biʧ ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən faʊnˈdeɪʃən ˈsənˌdi, ˈɔgəst 20 9 pɑm biʧ zu ənd ˌkɑnsərˈveɪʃən soʊˈsaɪɪti ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 21 10 ˈhirɪŋ ðə oʊˈvɛˌriən ˈkænsər ˈwɪspər 11 ˈkrævɪs ˈsɛnər fər ðə pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ɑrts ˈtuzˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 22 12 ˈjunɪˌkɔrn ˈʧɪldrənz faʊnˈdeɪʃən 13 ˈgeɪtˌweɪ fər ˈkænsər ˈrisərʧ ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈɔgəst 24 14 ˈlidərz ɪn ˈfərðərɪŋ ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃən 15 bəˈθɛzdə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl faʊnˈdeɪʃən ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ə ˈloʊkəl juˈnaɪtɪd weɪ ˈʧæptər ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd ˈmənˌdeɪ tɪ muv ə rɪˈsɛpʃən plænd fər sɛpˈtɛmbər æt ə trəmp gɔlf kɔrs ɪn nu ˈʤərzi.
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at least 15 organizations have abandoned plans to host fundraisers at president trump's mar-a-lago resort since his remarks on the violence in charlottesville, virginia.
here are the groups that cnnmoney has confirmed have canceled on mar-a-lago. they are listed by the day cnnmoney verified their decision.
thursday, august 17
1. cleveland clinic
2. the american cancer society
3. american friends of magen david adom
friday, august 18
4. american red cross
5. the salvation army
6. susan g. komen
7. the ryan licht sang bipolar foundation
saturday, august 19
8. palm beach preservation foundation
sunday, august 20
9. palm beach zoo and conservation society
monday, august 21
10. hearing the ovarian cancer whisper
11. kravis center for the performing arts
tuesday, august 22
12. unicorn children's foundation
13. gateway for cancer research
thursday, august 24
14. leaders in furthering education
15. bethesda hospital foundation
in addition, a local united way chapter decided monday to move a reception planned for september at a trump golf course in new jersey.
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seɪɪŋ ˌgʊdˈbaɪ, tɪ seɪ hɛˈloʊ tɪ ðə fˈjuʧər ðə ˈrɑkət ɪz ˈteɪkɪŋ ɔf ˈstivən məˈki blɑkt ˈfɑloʊ ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ˈɛˈsiˈpi 21 2017 wɛl, ðɪs həz bɪn ə ˈkəmɪŋ. naʊ bɪn æt pərs fər ə jɪr ənd ə hæf, ˈwərkɪŋ ɛz ðə hɛd əv groʊθ ənd ˈprɑdəkt ˈkɑntɛnt, waɪl ˌsaɪməlˈteɪniəsli ˈbɪldɪŋ blockchannel*. aɪ wɑz fərst ˌɪntrəˈdust tɪ ðə wərld əv ˈkrɪptoʊ 5 jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪn aɪ wɑz ʤɪst 21 aɪ spɛnt ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv maɪ laɪf ənd ˈlərnɪŋ frəm səm əv ðə moʊst ˈbrɪljənt maɪndz ɪn ðə ˈɪndəstri, ənd naʊ ɪt əˈpɪrz ðə ˈdɪmli lɪt mun ðət rɪˈmeɪnz fərˈɛvər ɪn ɑr geɪz ɪz ˈfaɪnəli əˈpɑn ðə hərˈaɪzən. wɪn aɪ keɪm ˈɪntu ˈkrɪptoʊ, aɪ əraɪvd frəm ˈhəmbəl bɪˈgɪnɪŋz. aɪ wɑz jʊr ˈtɪpɪkəl pur broʊk ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənt, ˈjərnɪŋ tɪ bi ðə fərst ɪn hɪz ɪkˈstɛndɪd ˈfæməli tɪ rɪˈsiv ə dɪˈgri 2014 goʊ ˈmɑˌnɑrks!). aɪ gru əp ɪn ðə kənˈsərvətɪv saʊθ ɪn ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə ɛz ə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl ɪn ðə frəm ə səˈvɪrli ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈfæməli: aɪ æm noʊ ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ ˈʧælənʤɪz, nɔr æm aɪ ə ˈstreɪnʤər tɪ pərsəˈvɪrɪŋ ənd ˈoʊvərˌkəmɪŋ ˈsimɪŋli ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl ˈɑbstəkəlz; ˈsəmθɪŋ aɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz fil aɪ wɑz ˌɪˈneɪtli bɪlt tɪ du ˈbɛtər ðən moʊst. sɪns ˈkəmɪŋ tɪ pərs, ɑr ˈsiˌiˈoʊ ˈændru li həz bɪn ə dɪr frɛnd əv maɪn ɛz wɛl ɛz ə ˈmɛnˌtɔr ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ taɪm hir; təˈgɛðər wi hɛlpt groʊ ə tim, ə brænd, tɪ jj*, ðə ˈkuləst aɪ noʊ), ənd ðə pərs platform—*— ɪnˈʃʊrɪŋ ðə ˈstɔri əv pərs ɪz boʊθ lɔŋ, ənd ˈprɑspərəs fər jɪrz tɪ kəm... aɪ lɪst ðə ˈmɛni əˈmeɪzɪŋ θɪŋz wi əˈkɑmplɪʃt ɛz ə tim æt pərs ˈdʊrɪŋ maɪ jɪrz hir bət, aɪ kən ˌhaʊˈɛvər əˈtɛst tɪ haʊ məʧ aɪ ˈlərnɪd, gru, ənd flərɪʃt boʊθ ˈtɛknɪkəli, ənd ˈsoʊʃəli. aɪ ˈmænɪʤd ˈmɛni ˈprɑʤɛkts ənd riˈleɪʃənˌʃɪps waɪl ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈkruʃəl kəˈnɛkʃənz ənd ˌɪnˈstɪlɪŋ maɪ oʊn juˈnik ˈfleɪvər ˈɪntu ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ aɪ hɛlpt dɪˈvɛləp æt pərs; wət dən maɪ ɪnˈtaɪər laɪf. ˈbɪldɪŋ ə wərld klæs brænd ɪz ə ˈʤərni ɪn ˈkrɪptoʊ, ənd bɔɪ wɑz ɪt wɪrd hɑrd fɔrks, tɪ ɪkˈstɛnʃən blɑks, tɪ ənd ˈkrɪptoʊ ɪz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˌɛnərˈteɪnɪŋ, deɪ ɪn ənd deɪ aʊt. ə ˈʧeɪnʤɪŋ ˈlænˌskeɪp naʊ taɪm aɪ stɑrt maɪ oʊn ˈʤərni aɪ ˈstɑrtɪd frəm ðə ˈbɑtəm, ənd naʊ hir bət aɪ stænd əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd səm ˈvɛri ˈbrɪljənt maɪndz, əˈtɑp ðə ˈʃoʊldərz əv ʤaɪənts. ɪn ðə ˈkəmɪŋ wiks ənd mənθs ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ənd maɪ ˈpɑrtnərz wɪl bɪˈgɪn tɪ ənˈveɪl wət bɪn ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn. tɪ kip θɪŋz ʃɔrt, ənd tɪ liv ɑrˈsɛlvz wɪθ mɔr tɪ əˈnaʊns ˈleɪtər, ðə pərs ˈmɑfiə əˈfɪʃəli bɪˈgɪnz wɪθ ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ɑr ˈhaɪbrɪd fənd,: ɪz ə ˈhaɪbrɪd fənd, ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˌɪnˈvɛstmənts ɪn boʊθ ˈpəblɪk ˈkrɪptoʊ ˈmɑrkɪts, ɛz wɛl ɛz ˌɪnˈvɛstɪŋ. eɪmz tɪ bi fər ðə ˈpəblɪk ʧeɪn ənd ˈtoʊkənz wi ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn, ɛz wɛl ɛz wərk tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˈvælju, ɪnˈʃʊr sɪˈkjʊrəti, ənd faɪnd fɪt fər ˈkəmpəˌniz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ, ɛz ðeɪ wərk tɪ bɪld ənd skeɪl ðɛr ˈbɪznɪs ˈmɑdəlz. ðə wərld wɪl sun ɪˈvɑlv æt ən peɪs ɛz ðə ˈnuˈfaʊnd ˈpɛrəˌdaɪm əv proʊˈlɪfərˌeɪts ˈgloʊbəli (ʧɛk aʊt maɪ poʊst ɔn ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ ðə ˈtoʊkən haɪp hir). ɛz ə tim, wi wɪl wərk tɪ prəˈmoʊt dɪˈvərsɪti ɪn boʊθ ðə timz wi ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn, ɛz wɛl ɛz ðə ˈbæskət əv ˈkərənsiz ɪn wɪʧ wi ɑpt tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst ɪn ˈlɔŋˈtərm. taɪm tɪ ˈhəsəl aɪ æm ˈvɛri tɪ bi ʤɔɪnd baɪ səm ˈvɛri ˌɪnˈtɛləʤənt ənd ˈtimˌmeɪts hum aɪ æm ˈləki tɪ ˈɔlsoʊ kɔl maɪ kloʊz frɛndz. ɛz ˈsteɪtɪd əˈbəv, wi ər ə fərm; wən ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈvælju baɪ ˈjutəˌlaɪzɪŋ ɑr ˈvɛrid ənd ˈbækˌgraʊndz tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌɛkspərˈtiz waɪl wɪθ pəˈtɛnʃəl frəm ɔl wɔks əv laɪf. ɑr kəˈlɛktɪv ˈbækˌgraʊndz reɪnʤ frəm ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ˈmænɪʤmənt, tɪ kəmˈpjutər ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ˈsɪvəl ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ, ənd dɪˈzaɪn ənd wi ər ɔl ˈtɛknɪkəl, wɪθ jɪrz əv ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðɪs ˈneɪsənt ˈɪndəstri. wi noʊ ðət fəndz goʊɪŋ ˈfɔrwərd wɪl nid tɪ pəˈzɛs ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti tɪ fɪˈnɛs ðɪs groʊɪŋ ˈɪndəstri əˈkɔrdɪŋli ˈsəmθɪŋ wi ər ɔl ˈvɛri ˈkeɪpəbəl əv ɛz ə tim. əv ˈgipiˈɛs ɪt teɪks ə ˈvɪlɪʤ ðət əˈbaʊt ˈkloʊzɪz θɪŋz fər naʊ. θru ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs əv ˈfɔrmɪŋ ðɪs fənd, mɛt soʊ ˈmɛni braɪt maɪndz; ˈmɛni hu hæv naʊ bɪˈkəm ædˈvaɪzərz tɪ ðə fənd (aɪ weɪt tɪ rɪˈvil ˈɑnˌbɔrd). ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz ɪn ðɪs ˈɪndəstri ər ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbli smɑrt, ənd ər ˈrɪli greɪt ˈtiʧərz ˈtruli bɪn ə ˈblɛsɪŋ fər ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs. ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkloʊzɪŋ ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ bæk tɪ wərk soʊ ˈɛgzətɪd), aɪ wɔnt tɪ θæŋk ðə ˈmɛni ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz hu hɛlpt mi meɪk ðɪs dɪˈsɪʒən, ənd prəˈvaɪd mi ðə ˌæfərˈmeɪʃənz ðət aɪ ɪn ˈoʊvər maɪ hɛd, ənd ðət ən ˈɛfərt laɪk ðɪs meɪd sɛns: gən sirer*; ˈʤoʊzəf pun; ˈɑri pɔl; ˈændru li; mæt ˈlɪstən; sirinivasan*; ˈkɛvɪn ʒu; ɑnˈdreɪəs brekken*; ˈɛrɪk ˈmɛltsər; ʤoʊ ˈərgoʊ; maɪ ˈɔsəm ˈlɔjər ˌælɪgˈzændər; əˈmin soleimani*; rɑn patiro*; ˈbrædli maɪəlz; ʤoʊi krəg; osuntokun*; ˈdɑrən mɪlz; ˈkrɪstəfər ðə menace”*” ˈʤɛfri; ənd əv kɔrs maɪ əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈgipiˈɛs. θæŋk ju ɔl fər ˈhɛlpɪŋ ðɪs ˈlɪtəl ˈfaɪnəli riʧ hɪz drimz, aɪ woʊnt lɛt ju daʊn. ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ. hæv ə greɪt ˈprɑʤɛkt aɪ ʃʊd lʊk æt? wɔnt tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛst? ʃut mi ən iˈmeɪl æt (saɪt wɪl bi əp ˈvɛri sun).
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saying goodbye, to say hello to the future
the rocket is taking off 🚀
steven mckie blocked unblock follow following sep 21, 2017
well, this has been a long-time coming. i’ve now been at purse for a year and a half, working as the head of growth and product content, while simultaneously building blockchannel. i was first introduced to the world of crypto 5 years ago, when i was just 21.
i spent the majority of my young-adult life interfacing and learning from some of the most brilliant minds in the industry, and now it appears the dimly lit moon that remains forever in our gaze is finally upon the horizon.
when i came into crypto, i arrived from humble beginnings. i was your typical poor broke college student, yearning to be the first in his extended family to receive a degree (odu c/o 2014, go monarchs!). i grew up in the conservative south in georgia/south carolina as a multi-racial individual in the 90s from a severely low-income family: i am no stranger to challenges, nor am i a stranger to persevering and overcoming seemingly impossible obstacles; it’s something i sometimes feel i was innately built to do better than most.
since coming to purse, our ceo andrew lee has been a dear friend of mine as well as a mentor during my time here; together we helped grow a team, a brand, bcoin (shoutout to jj, he’s the coolest crypto-nerd i know), and the purse platform— ensuring the story of purse is both long, and prosperous for years to come...
i won’t list the many amazing things we accomplished as a team at purse during my 1.5+ years here . but, i can however attest to how much i learned, grew, and flourished both technically, and socially. i managed many projects and relationships while building crucial connections and instilling my own unique flavor into everything i helped develop at purse; that’s what i’ve done my entire life.
building a world class brand is a journey in crypto, and boy was it weird somedays…from hard forks, to extension blocks, to segwit and twitter-trolls — — crypto is always entertaining, day in and day out.
a changing landscape 🌍
now it’s time i start my own journey — i started from the bottom, and now well…i’m here :). but i stand alongside some very brilliant minds, atop the shoulders of giants. in the coming weeks and months myself and my partners will begin to unveil iteratively what we’ve been working on.
to keep things short, and to leave ourselves with more to announce later, the purse mafia officially begins with the creation of our hybrid hedge/venture fund, amentum:
“amentum is a hybrid fund, focused on investments in both public crypto markets, as well as ico pre-sale investing. amentum aims to be partners/advocates for the public chain cryptocurrencies and tokens we invest in, as well as work to provide value, ensure security, and find product-market fit for companies seeking to ico, as they work to build and scale their crypto-centric business models. “
the world will soon evolve at an ever-hastening pace as the newfound paradigm of crypto-adoption proliferates globally (check out my post on understanding the ico token hype here). as a team, we will work to promote diversity in both the teams we invest in, as well as the basket of currencies in which we opt to invest in long-term.
time to hustle 🏃🏽
i am very proud/honored to be joined by some very intelligent and multi-talented teammates — whom i am lucky to also call my close friends.
as stated above, we are a diversity-oriented firm; one focused on building value by utilizing our varied skillsets and backgrounds to provide expertise while interfacing with potential investors/entrepreneurs from all walks of life.
our collective backgrounds range from information systems/project management, to computer science/mechnical engineering, civil engineering, and product/ui design — and we are all technical, with years of experience trading/investing and working in this nascent industry.
we know that funds going forward will need to possess full-stack technical capability to finesse this growing industry accordingly — something we are all very capable of as a team.
2/4 of amentum’s gps
it takes a village 🏡👨👩👦👦
that about closes things for now. through this process of forming this fund, i’ve met so many bright minds; many who have now become advisors to the fund (i can’t wait to reveal who’s onboard). the individuals in this industry are incredibly smart, and are really great teachers — it’s truly been a blessing for all of us.
before closing and getting back to work (i’m so exited), i want to thank the many individuals who helped me make this decision, and provide me the much-needed affirmations that i wasn’t in over my head, and that an effort like this made sense:
emin gun sirer; joseph poon; ari paul; andrew lee; matt liston; balaji sirinivasan; kevin zhou; andreas brekken; eric meltzer; joe urgo; my awesome lawyer alexander; ameen soleimani; ron patiro; bradley miles; joey krug; olaoluwa osuntokun; darren mills; christopher “jj the menace” jeffrey; and of course my amazing gps.
thank you all for helping this little mixed-boy finally reach his dreams, i wont let you down. this is only the beginning. 🚀
have a great project i should look at? want to invest? shoot me an email at mckie@amentum.org (site will be up very soon).
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ˈɛvəri wəns ɪn ə waɪl, wi sɛnd ˈmeɪgən ˈkɔstər tɪ du ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈɔfəl, laɪk spɛnd ðə naɪt ɪn ə hoʊˈtɛl ər, ɛz ɪn ˈtudeɪz ˌɪnˈstɔlmənt, hæŋ aʊt æt ðə groʊv fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər deɪ ɔn ðə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ˈkrɪsməs. ˈsəmˌhaʊ ʃi sərˈvaɪvd ənd tɛlz ðə teɪl hir. ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, dɪˈsɛmbər 20 æm: aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər ˈteɪkən ən ˈubər ˌbiˈfɔr, ɛz aɪ hæv hərd ˈoʊnli ˈnɛgətɪv θɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ənd ɪts ɪmˈplɔɪiz. ðət biɪŋ sɛd, maɪ ˈpərsɪnəl ˈseɪfti ɪz wərθ lɛs ðən ðə "fri raɪd tɪ ðə groʊv, əp tɪ 150 pərˈmoʊʃən ðət ɪz ˈkərəntli ˈteɪkɪŋ pleɪs. ˈæftər ə 30 ˈmɪnəts spɛnt traɪɪŋ tɪ juz ðə æp, maɪ ˈdraɪvər ɪz ɛn rut. hi tɛksts mi, "haɪ ˈmeɪgən kən ju sɛnd jʊr adres?uber*." aɪ hæv ɔˈrɛdi ˈɛnərd maɪ ˈæˌdrɛs ˈɪntu ðə ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən. maɪ əˈlɛʤd weɪt bɪˈkəmz 10 ˈmɪnəts, ðɛn 12 ðɛn 15 aɪ wɔʧ ɪm ˈoʊvərˌʃut maɪ pleɪs ɔn ðə mæp ənd ˈʃəfəl əraʊnd ðə ˈneɪbərˌhʊd laɪk ə maʊs ɪn ə meɪz. wət ɪz ðɪs, fərst ˈroʊdiˌoʊ? hi ˈfaɪnəli əraɪvz, ˈlʊkɪŋ deɪzd, æt "ˈsɑri," hi ɪkˈspleɪnz, "aɪ keɪm ɔl ðə weɪ frəm ˈhɑliˌwʊd." aɪ lɪv ɪn ist ˈhɑliˌwʊd. ðə sɛnt əv kəˈloʊn ɪn ˈʧɛˌvi səˈbərbən ɪz fɑr tu ˈpənʤənt fər ðɪs aʊər əv ðə ˈmɔrnɪŋ; ɪt bɪˈgɪnz tɪ meɪk maɪ hɛd hərt. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə groʊvz ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, ɪf aɪ wɔnt ə fri raɪd bæk ɔl aɪ hæv tɪ du ɪz meɪk ə ˈpərʧəs əv 450 ər mɔr. aɪ wɪl bi hoʊm. 11 æm: drɑps mi ɔf wɪθ ən emotionless*, ˌroʊˈbɑtɪk "hæv ə nis deɪ" ɛz ə peɪnd jəŋ mæn ɪn ə ˌkɑnsiˈɛrʒ ˈaʊtˌfɪt ˈoʊpənz ðə rɪr dɔr əv ðə səˈbərbən ənd rɪˈlisɪz mi ˈɪntu maɪ hoʊm fər ðə nɛkst 12 aʊərz. wɪˈθɪn tu ˈmɪnəts, aɪv ɔˈrɛdi ˈbɔrdɪd ðə ˈbɛtər bɪˈliv aɪ tʊk wən əv ðə ˈhaɪli ˈkəvətɪd tɔp sits. "ɪts ˈbjutəfəl!" ə ˈwʊmən ɪkˈskleɪmz əˈbaʊt ˈnəθɪŋ ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ɛz ʃi teɪks ˈfoʊˌtoʊz əv sɛd ˈnəθɪŋ wɪθ hər sɛl foʊn. ən ˌɪˈneɪn sɔŋ əˈbaʊt ˈhævɪŋ ə "ˈkændi keɪn ˈkrɪsməs" pleɪz ˈoʊvərˈhɛd ɛz ðə kənˈdəktər ˌɪnˈfɔrmz ˈjuˈɛs ðət ðə ˈtrɑli gɪvz ðə groʊvz gɛsts ə "nɔˈstælʤɪk" ɪkˈspɪriəns ˌrɛməˈnɪsənt əv lɔs ˈænʤəlɪsɪz ˈfɔrmər streetcars*. hi ðɛn tɛlz ˈjuˈɛs wɪl bi ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈmɪdˌweɪ stɑp æt ðə ˈʧizˌkeɪk ˈfæktəri. ðə nɔˈstælʤə ɪz ˈpælpəbəl. ˈpipəl u ənd ɑ ɛz hi pɔɪnts aʊt ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst tri ɪn lɔs ˈænʤəlɪs ɪz hir! lʊk, tɪ ɑr lɛft! ðɛrz ðə nu daɪæn vɔn ˈfərstənbərg stɔr! ˈməltəpəl ˈraɪdərz ˈfoʊtəˌgræf ɪt. æm: ðə ˈtrɑli raɪd ɪz ˈoʊvər. aɪ æm ɔˈrɛdi ˌɪnˈtɑlərəbli bɔrd. æm: aɪ wɔʧ ðə "ˈfɛstɪv mˈjuzɪkəl səˈlut tɪ ðə ˈhɑlɪˌdeɪ ˈsizən." wɪn ɪt ɛndz, maɪ ˈfɛloʊ əˈplɔd æt ðə ˈwɔtər, ˈθæŋkɪŋ ɪt fər ɪts ˈsərvɪs. æm: ə bɪg əˈnaʊnsmɛnt kəmz ˈoʊvər ðə laʊd tɔp hæts, ðə groʊvz oʊn prəˈpraɪəˌtɛri "haɪ ˈɛnərʤi dæns trup," wɪl bi pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ə "ˈmæʤɪkəl mˈjuzɪkəl ɛkˌstrævəˈgænzə" ɔn ðə ˈtrɑli ɪn faɪv ˈmɪnəts! maɪ prɛr ˈkændəl wərkt! æm: wɛr ðə fək ər ðə tɔp hæts? taɪm ɪz ˈməni aɪ hæv noʊ ˌɪnˈtɛnʧən tɪ ʃɑp, aɪ ˈdɛspərətli nid ˌɛnərˈteɪnmənt. "lʊk," ə gaɪ sɪz tɪ hɪz waɪf, təˈwɔrd ðə ˈfaʊntən. "ˈwɔtər." ə ˈkrɪsməs sɔŋ pərˈfɔrmd baɪ əˈkjuzd ˈreɪpɪst pleɪz ɪn sɪŋk wɪθ ðə ˈɛndləs, ˈənʤəˌleɪtɪŋ floʊ. æm: stɪl noʊ tɔp hæts. ðɪs ɪz ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl. aɪ stɛr æt ðə bɑr əˈbəv ˈnɔrdstrəm. ɪz æm ən əkˈsɛptəbəl taɪm tɪ stɑrt ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ? ɪt ɪz ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ˈæftər ɔl. piɛm: əm soʊ bɔrd, aɪ ˈæˌkʧuəli stɑrt ˈʃɑpɪŋ. aɪ kəm ˈpɛrələsli kloʊz tɪ ˈpərʧəsɪŋ ə 25 bɪˈkini æt bɪˈkəz, ɪn maɪ ˈɔltərd steɪt, aɪ hæv kənˈvɪnst ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪts ə "gʊd dil." gʊd lɔrd, ˈkɔstər, kip ɪt təˈgɛðər! aɪ θɪŋk. juv ˈoʊnli bɪn hir ən aʊər ənd juv ɔˈrɛdi lɔst jʊr ˌgɑˈdæmd maɪnd. piɛm: ɪn ðə pləʃ, ˈspeɪʃəs ˈrɛˌstrum nɛkst tɪ ðə ˌkɑnsiˈɛrʒ stænd, aɪ juz ðə groʊvz fri ˈwiˌfi tɪ wɔʧ ə lɪv fid əv ðə groʊvz ˈfaʊntən, wɪʧ əm kənˈvɪnst ɪgˈzɪsts ˈsoʊəli tɪ æsk ðə kˈwɛʃən, "wət draʊt?" ən ˌaʊˈtreɪʤəsli laʊd ˈkəvər əv "lɛt ɪt snoʊ" pleɪz əˈmɪdst ðə skrimz əv ən ˈɪnfənt ˈgɪtɪŋ ɪts ˈdaɪpər ʧeɪnʤd. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt ɔn ˈɛniˌθɪŋ bət ɪts skrimz, ðə mˈjuzɪk, ənd ðə ˈrænsɪd smɛl. ðə ˈɪnfənts neɪm ɪz skylar*. 1 piɛm: aɪ teɪk ə brif ˈsoʊʤərn tɪ ðə ˈfɑrmərz ˈmɑrkɪt, wɛr aɪ ˈstəmbəl əˈpɑn ə ˈfɛstɪv ˈpipəl ˈsɪŋɪŋ ənd ˈdænsɪŋ tɪ ˈkrɪsməs sɔŋz ðət hæv bɪn "hula-fied*." "ˈsænə ˈkʊdənt meɪk ɪt," ðə ˌjukəˈleɪli pleɪər tɛlz ðə ˈɔdiəns, "bət hɪrz hɪz waɪf: ˈmɪsɪz. klɔz." ə waɪt ˈwʊmən ɪn ə ˈsænə hæt sˈloʊli, ˈɔkwərdli bɪˈgɪnz tɪ ˈʃɪmi tɪ ðə ənˈstɛdi ˈmɛlədi əv ðə ˌjukəˈleɪli pleɪər ənd ˈdrəmər. piɛm: groʊv proʊ tɪp: doʊnt wɔnt tɪ weɪt ˈoʊvər wən əˈmɛrɪkən aʊər tɪ bi ˈsitɪd æt ðə ˈʧizˌkeɪk ˈfæktəri? skɪp ðə ˈɛndləs laɪn, wɪʧ ɪz ˈspɪlɪŋ aʊt ðə dɔr, ənd ˈbɛli əp tɪ ðə bɑr! aɪ ˈɔrdər tu smɔl pleɪts (wən əv frid ʧiz, əˈnəðər əv wɔrm əˈspɛrəgəs ˈsæləd) ənd ə skinnylicious®*® lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd aɪst ti. maɪ frɛnd sæm, hu ɪz ˈlənʧɪŋ wɪθ mi, ˈmɛnʃənz ʃi həz ə pərk ˈkuˌpɔn fər ˈælkəˌhɑl. maɪ feɪs kənˈtɔrts ɪn gli ɛz aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz aɪ ˈɔlsoʊ hæv ɪts ɪn maɪ ˈwɔlət. "ʤɪst gɪt ə kəp frəm ˈkɔfi bin ənd pɔr səm ɪn ɪt," ʃi tɛlz mi. "noʊ wən wɪl noʊ." ðɛr ɪz ə hoʊl fudz əˈkrɔs ðə strit ˈðætəl teɪk ðə ˈkuˌpɔn, ənd ðə aɪˈdiə əv meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ soʊˈbraɪəti fər ðə nɛkst 10 aʊərz simz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. aɪ kænt gɪt ˈloʊdɪd æt ˈʧizˌkeɪk ˈfæktəri, lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd, aɪ wɑz ˈhɔrəˌfaɪd tɪ dɪˈskəvər ˈæftər ɪt hæd ɔˈrɛdi bɪn sərvd tɪ mi, kɔst wɪʧ brɪŋz əp ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt kˈwɛʃən: kən aɪ liv ðə ˈkɑnˌfaɪnz əv ðə groʊv tɪ ˈpərʧəs huʧ tɪ sˈməgəl bæk ɪn? ɛz aɪ ˈpɑndər ðɪs, ə ˈwʊmən hu lʊks laɪk ə ril ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf əv ˌɪnˈsərt loʊˈkeɪʃən hir əˈproʊʧɪz ˈjuˈɛs ənd slərz, "əm ˈsɑri, kən aɪ æsk ju ə kˈwɛʃən?" hər hænd pɔɪnts æt sæmz ˈteɪtər tɑts; ʃi æsks, "wət. ər. ðoʊz?!?" "ðɛr ðə stəft pəˈteɪˌtoʊ baɪts," sæm ˈænsərz. "ər ðeɪ əˈmeɪzɪŋ?!?" ðə ˈhaʊsˌwaɪf æsks. "jɛs," sæm ˈsɔləmli rɪˈplaɪz. piɛm: wən aʊər ənd 25 ˈleɪtər, aɪ faɪnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf sˈlaɪtli ˈfeɪdɪd frəm ðə lɔŋ ˈaɪlənd aɪst ti, ˈwəndərɪŋ wəts nɛkst. ɛz sæm teɪks hər liv, aɪ wɔʧ ən əˈblɪviəs mæn ˈɔlˌmoʊst bɪˈhɛd ðə ˈdɔtər hiz ˈkɛriɪŋ ɔn hɪz ˈʃoʊldərz. ən ˌpriˈtin sɪts ɔn ðə kərb, ˈsaɪləntli ˈsɑbɪŋ. nɪr hər, ə ʤæz kwɪnˈtɛt ɪn ˈsænə hæts pleɪz tɪ spɑrs əˈplɔz. piɛm: aɪ ʧɛk aʊt ðə ˈpɑrkɪŋ ˈdɪʤɪtəl saɪn, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈfɔrmz mi haʊ ˈmɛni əˈveɪləbəl ˈspeɪsɪz ɪgˈzɪst ɔn iʧ ˈlɛvəl. ɪt ɪz ˈrɪdəld wɪθ wənz ənd ˈzɪroʊz. aɪ rɪˈtərn tɪ ðə ˈbæθˌrum; ə ˈwʊmən ɪz hər ˈwundɪd lɛg ɔn ðə ˈoʊvərˌstəft kaʊʧ. ðə ˈbæθˌrum, waɪl wɛl meɪnˈteɪnd, ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs smɛlz ˈstrɔŋli əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ʤɛnəˈtɑljə. "əm ˈgɑnə gɪt drəŋk ənd goʊ tɪ ðə əˈmɛrɪkən gərl stɔr," aɪ dɪˈklɛr tɪ noʊ wən ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr. piɛm: ɪn maɪ ˈsislɪs ˈwɑndərɪŋ, aɪ pæs ən æd fər ðə tɔp hæts. ðeɪ əˈpɛrəntli pərˈfɔrm æt ənd piɛm ˈɛvəri ˈivnɪŋ, nɑt æm laɪk ðə ˈərliər əˈnaʊnsmɛnt ˈprɑməst. aɪ æm ˈəpˌsɛt ðət aɪ hæv bɪn dɪˈsivd, bət ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ hæv ˈsəmθɪŋ tɪ lʊk ˈfɔrwərd tɪ. ðə mɔl ɪz ˈriʧɪŋ ˈkrɪtɪkəl mæs; ɪt həz bɪˈkəm ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl tɪ wɔk wɪˈθaʊt ˈgɪtɪŋ rən ˈɪntu baɪ ə roʊg ʧaɪld ˈæktɪvli biɪŋ ˌɪgˈnɔrd baɪ ɪts ˌɪnˈdɪfərənt ˈpɛrənts. "mɑm! mɑm! mɑm! mɑm!" ə jəŋ gərl skrimz waɪl ˈfrænəkəli ˈtəgɪŋ æt ðə hɛm əv hər ˈməðərz drɛs. hər ˈməðər ˈstɛdˌfæstli rɪfˈjuzɪz tɪ hæŋ əp ðə foʊn ər ækˈnɑlɪʤ ðə ʧaɪldz ˈprɛzəns. piɛm: aɪ smoʊk maɪ ˈaʊrli ˌsɪgəˈrɛt wɪθ ðə ɪmˈplɔɪiz ɔn ðə ˈaʊtˌskərts əv ðə mɔl; ˌbiˈfɔr mi, ə bʊk ˈpəblɪʃt baɪ ðə ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl soʊˈsaɪɪti fər ˈkrɪʃnə ˈkɑnʃəsnəs, ɛnˈtaɪtəld "bɪɔnd bərθ ənd dɛθ," laɪz ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk. ən aɪˈreɪt mæn ɪn sˈwɛtˌpænts jɛlz æt hɪz sən, "lɛts goʊ. əm nɑt ˈʃɑpɪŋ. aɪ noʊ wət aɪ wɔnt." hi stɔrmz əˈweɪ ɪn ə həf, ˈlivɪŋ ðə ʧaɪld bɪˈhaɪnd ɪn ən freɪ. aɪ faɪnd ðə sɔrs əv ðə ˈkrɪʃnə ˈlɪtərəʧər, ə jəŋ mæn ˈhoʊldɪŋ kɔrt wɪθ ə grup əv ˈdrimərz. "soʊ ər ðiz fri?" ə koʊɛd æsks, ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪŋ ə bʊk. "jɛs! wɪr ʤɪst ˈæskɪŋ fər ə doʊˈneɪʃən," hi rɪˈplaɪz. ʃi hænz ðə bʊk bæk tɪ ɪm. piɛm: ðə groʊvz rulz əv ˈkɑndəkt ər ˈpoʊstɪd ɔn ðə wɔl ðət flæŋks maɪ sˈmoʊkɪŋ spɑt; ɛz ˈæbʤɛkt ˈbɔrdəm həz fɔrst mi tɪ smoʊk mɔr ðən aɪ ˈjuʒəwəli du, aɪ hæv kəˈmɪtɪd moʊst əv ðə rulz tɪ ˈmɛməri. ðeɪ ər, ɪn maɪ əˈsɛsmənt, biɪŋ ˈbroʊkən lɛft ənd raɪt. ˈænəməlz ɪn sˈwɛtərz səraʊnd mi æt ˈɛvəri tərn, moʊst tu lɑrʤ tɪ kəmˈplaɪ wɪθ ðə "məst ˈkɛri dɔgz" rul. aɪ kˈwɪkli dɪˈskəvər ðət ðɛr ɪz ə ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈnəmbər əv taɪmz wən kən si ə dɔg ˈwɛrɪŋ ə ˈfɛstɪv sˈwɛtər ˌbiˈfɔr wən stɑps ˈfilɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, əp tɪ ənd ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʤəʤmənt fər sɛd dɔgz ˈoʊnər. piɛm: ðə ˈnəmbər ənd ˌvɛriˈeɪʃən əv ˈkəvərz əv "ˈbeɪbi ɪts koʊld ˈaʊtˈsaɪd" aɪ hæv hərd ˈkænɑt bi kˈwɑntɪˌfaɪd. maɪ ˈfeɪvərɪt, aɪ ˌdɪˈsaɪd, ɪz ðə wən baɪ ʃi ɪm; aɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ɪt bɪˈkəz ɪz ðə wən hu teɪks ɔn ðə sɔŋz ˈprɛdəˌtɔri meɪl roʊl. ɪn rɪˈleɪtɪd nuz, aɪ hæv lɔst maɪ maɪnd. piɛm: aɪ wɔʧ ən ɪˈnɔrmɪs dɔg teɪk ə ʃɪt ɔn ðə ˈsaɪdˌwɔk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈtɑmi bəˈhɑmə, məʧ tɪ ðə ˈhɔrər əv ɪts ˈoʊnərz. aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðə fjuˈtɪləti əv ˈivɪn tɪ traɪ ˈraɪtɪŋ ˈɛniˌθɪŋ ɛz ˈfəni ɛz ðɪs ˈvɪʒəwəl. maɪ frɛnd deɪv mits mi ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈtɑmi bəˈhɑmə; ɛz ˈniðər əv ˈjuˈɛs həz ˈɛvər hæd ðə ˈprɪvɪlɪʤ tɪ ˈɛnər wən, wi ˌdɪˈsaɪd tɪ ʧɛk ɪt aʊt. aɪ ˌmaɪˈsɛlf wɪθ ðə brændz ˈsɪgnəʧər ˈfreɪgrəns; aɪ ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli rɪˈgrɛt duɪŋ soʊ. ɪt ɪz ˈpənʤənt, ənd nɑt ɪn ə ˈplɛzənt weɪ. bəz ˈweɪnɪŋ, aɪ ˈfaɪnəli keɪv ˈɪntu tɛmˈteɪʃən ənd hɪt əp ðə bɑr əˈbəv nordie's*. deɪvz drɪŋk ɪz ən leɪər əv ˈvɑdkə pɔrd ˈoʊvər ə ʃɑt əv ˈlɛmən ʤus; maɪn həz ə ˈnidləs rɛd waɪn ˈtɑpər. boʊθ kɔst 13 piɛm: ɪts ən ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl taɪm tɪ it, wɪʧ minz ɪts taɪm fər maɪ ˈdɪnər ˌrɛzərˈveɪʃən æt ðə əˈmɛrɪkən gərl café*é. aɪ smoʊk ə ˌsɪgəˈrɛt ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ˈrikɪŋ əv ˈtɑmi bəˈhɑmə pərfˈjum, ənd traɪ nɑt tɪ lʊk laɪk ə sɛks ˈprɛdətər ɛz aɪ weɪt fər maɪ ˈdaɪnɪŋ kəmˈpænjən. ə saɪn əˈbəv ðə ˈɛskəˌleɪtər ɪn ðə stɔr ˌɪnˈfɔrmz ˈkəstəmərz ðət, ɪf ðeɪ ər ðɛr ˈʧɪldrən ər ˈwɛrɪŋ crocs*, ðeɪ ʃʊd juz ðə ˈɛləˌveɪtər. ðɛr ər ˈwɪmən hir huz ʤɑb ɪt ɪz tɪ brəʃ dɑl hɛr; aɪ ˈpɪti ðɛm ˈɛndləsli. ˈhaɪdi ənd hər ˈdɔtər ˈɛksət ðə ˈdaɪnɪŋ rum ɛz maɪ kəmˈpænjən vərˈɑnɪkə ənd aɪ faɪnd hər skɪn ˈfrəˌstreɪtɪŋli ˌluməˈnɛsənt. wi du nɑt hæv ɑr oʊn dɑlz; ɛz səʧ, wi məst ˈbɑˌroʊ loaners*. maɪn ɪz ˈæfrɪkənəˈmɛrɪkən. ɪz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ɪkˈsaɪtəbəl jəŋ ˈwʊmən hu sits ˈjuˈɛs, "ə ləˈtinə!" boʊθ hæv sin ˈbɛtər deɪz. "əm ˈgɑnə it ðə fək aʊt əv ðoʊz," vərˈɑnɪkə sɪz ɛz ə pleɪt əv ˈpaɪpɪŋ hɑt, ˈklɪrli kænd, ˈsɪnəmən roʊlz ɪz pleɪst ɔn ɑr ˈteɪbəl. wi ər sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ jəŋ gərlz, moʊst əv hum brɔt ðɛr oʊn dɑlz, ənd ðɛr ˈhɛrid ˈpɛrənts, hu drɪŋk bɪrz sərvd ɪn waɪn ˈglæsɪz. ə ˈmɪnɪˌʧʊr kəp əv ti ɪz pleɪst ɪn frənt əv ˈplæstɪk ləˈtinə dɑl. 7 piɛm: ˈæftər ə ˈwəndərfəli ˈmaɪkroʊˌweɪvd mil, wi liv ðə əˈmɛrɪkən gərl stɔr ɛz ˌɑrtəˈfɪʃəl snoʊ reɪnz daʊn ɔn ˈjuˈɛs. "ɪz ɪt ˌkɑrsənoʊˈʤɛnɪk?" vərˈɑnɪkə æsks. "ˈprɑbəˌbli," aɪ rɪˈplaɪ. piɛm: wi ər ˈdɛspərətli ɪn nid əv ə drɪŋk, bət ðɛr ɑr ˈsitɪŋ əˈveɪləbəl ɪn ðə ˈwɪspər laʊnʤ. wi ˌɪnˈstɛd goʊ tɪ ˈmɪkˈsɔləˌgi 101 ə bɑr oʊnd baɪ ˈplænət ˈhɑliˌwʊd ðət həz bɪn ˈfiʧərd ɔn ˈɛkstrə. ɛz ən bænd pleɪz ˈrɛˌgeɪ ɪn ðə ˈkɔrnər, aɪ pəruz ðə drɪŋk ˈmɛnju; wən kənˈkɑkʃən kənˈteɪnz ʤɪn ənd hoʊl mɪlk. aɪ æm, waɪl ˌɪnˈtrigd, tu ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd tɪ ˈɔrdər ɪt. maɪ frɛnd ˈælən mits ˈjuˈɛs; hi, laɪk ˈɛvriˌwən ɛls hu həz kəm tɪ ˈvɪzɪt soʊ fɑr, æsks ɪf aɪv hərd ðə nuz əˈbaʊt ðə kɑp ˈkɪlər ɪn nu jɔrk. ɪt pʊts ə bɪt əv ə ˈdæmpər ɔn ɑr ˈəðərˌwaɪz ˈfɛstɪv sərˈaʊndɪŋz. piɛm: ɛz aɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ə smoʊk ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ˈdɪlənz ˈkændi bɑr, ən ˈɛldərli waɪt ˈwʊmən ˈʃəfəlz baɪ. "ðɛrz ə lɔt əv ˈkændi ɪn ðɛr," ʃi tɛlz hər kəmˈpænjən. ʃi ɪz nɑt laɪɪŋ. piɛm: maɪ ˈvɪzɪtərz hæv boʊθ lɛft; wəns əˈgɛn, aɪ æm əˈloʊn. aɪ teɪk ə ˈhoʊli unfulfilling*, ˈʧizˌkeɪk gərl trɪp tɪ ən ˈfɪlθi ˈnɔrdstrəm ˈrɛˌstrum. ˈæftərwərd, aɪ kæʧ ə glɪmps əv ˌmaɪˈsɛlf ɪn ðə lʊk taɪərd, ˈhægərd, ˈbroʊkən. ənd aɪ ˈhævənt ˈivɪn bɔt ˈɛniˌθɪŋ. piɛm: aɪ wɔk baɪ ə ˈrəðər lɑrʤ məˈnɔrə. ɪts ə nis ˈʤɛsʧər, ˈgɪvɪn ðət ðə groʊv ɪz ˈloʊˌkeɪtəd ɪn ðə ˈfɛrˌfæks ˈdɪstrɪkt, bət ðə fækt ðət ɪts ˈsɪʧuˌeɪtɪd nɛkst tɪ ðə ɪˈnɔrmɪs ˈfəkɪŋ ˈkrɪsməs tri (ðə ˈsɛkənd ˈlɑrʤəst ɪn ðə steɪt!) meɪks sɛd ˈʤɛsʧər fil ˈhɑloʊ. 10 piɛm: ɪt ɪz, əˈpɛrəntli, ˈhæpi ˈkəpəl aʊər. aɪ wɔk θru ə si əv ðɛm, sˈmaɪlɪŋ ˈɪntu ðɛr ˈaɪˌfoʊn skrinz waɪl ˈpɛkɪŋ iʧ ˈəðər ɔn ðə ʧik, ɔn maɪ weɪ tɪ goʊ smoʊk fər ðə ˈmɪljənθ taɪm. aɪ hæv bɪn æt ðə groʊv 11 aʊərz; ðə ɛnd ɪz naɪ. fər ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs. ə oʊ, əm ˈdrɪftɪŋ ˈɪntu ˌɛgˌzɪˈstɛnʃəl ˈtɛrɪˌtɔri. waɪ ər wi hir? dɪd ɑr ˈmərsɪfəl ˈmeɪkər, ðə ˈrizən fər ðə ˈsizən, pʊt ˈjuˈɛs ɔn ərθ ˈsoʊəli tɪ kənˈsum? wɪl wi bi rɪˈmɛmbərd wɪn wi daɪ? ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. "ɔl aɪ wɔnt fər ˈkrɪsməs (ɪz ju)" baɪ məraɪə ˈkɛri həz ˈstɑrtɪd pleɪɪŋ. aɪ ləv ðɪs sɔŋ! maɪ ɑŋkst ɪz ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli əˈvərtəd. rɪk kərˈusoʊ, aɪ θɪŋk, ju ər wən sɪk ənd ˈbrɪljənt fək. piɛm: aɪ hæv faʊnd ˌmaɪˈsɛlf, wəns əˈgɛn, sˈmoʊkɪŋ ɪn frənt əv ðə groʊv koʊd əv ˈkɑndəkt. dɪd ju noʊ "ɪnˈgeɪʤɪŋ ɪn ˈɛni ənˈlɔfəl ækˈtɪvɪti ər bɪˈheɪvjər" ɪz nɑt pərˈmɪtɪd ɪn ðə groʊv? ər, fər ðət ˈmætər, ˈɛniˌwɛr lɔz ɪgˈzɪst? ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə kɑp kɑr ðət həz bɪn ˌɪˈligəli pɑrkt ɪn ə faɪər zoʊn sɪns aɪ əraɪvd sɪts, ənˈmænd. piɛm: ðɛr ɪz stɪl ə ˈkɑmɪkəli lɑrʤ laɪn tɪ teɪk ˈpɪkʧərz wɪθ ˈsænə. doʊnt ðiz bræts hæv ə ˈbɛdˌtaɪm? aɪ æsk ˌmaɪˈsɛlf. ðə steɪt ʃʊd riˈmuv ðɛm frəm ðɛr ˈpɛrənts' ˈkəstədi. piɛm: aɪ ˈɔrdər maɪ læst drɪŋk əv ðə naɪt, ə ˈdərti ʤɪn mɑrˈtini, æt ðə lɑ piˈæzə rɪstərˈɑnteɪ ˈaʊtˌdɔr bɑr. ɛz aɪ soʊk ɪn ə "ˈbrɛθˌteɪkɪŋ" vju əv ðə ˈfaʊntən, tu ʃrɪl ˈmɪdəˌleɪgd ˈwɪmən tɪ maɪ lɛft tɔk əˈbaʊt wət ə bɪʧ ˈsəmˌwən neɪmd ˈlɪndə ɪz. "ˈhæpi ˈhɑləˌdeɪz," ðə ˈbɑrˌtɛndər tɛlz ðɛm ɛz hi leɪz daʊn ðɛr tæb. "ˈmɛri ˈkrɪsməs," wən əv ðɛm rɪˈplaɪz, ˈmeɪkɪŋ dip, ʤəʤˈmɛnəl aɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt. "ˈmɛri. ˈkrɪsməs." ˈkɔstər wən dɪˈprɛsɪŋ naɪt æt ðə sˈnuti fɑks ˈmoʊtər ɪn [kərbd lɑ]
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every once in a while, we send writer/comedian megan koester to do something awful, like spend the night in a $12-an-hour hotel or, as in today's installment, hang out at the grove for the entire day on the saturday before christmas. somehow she survived and tells the tale here.
saturday, december 20, 10:30 am: i have never taken an uber before, as i have heard only negative things about the company and it's employees. that being said, my personal safety is worth less than the "free uberblack ride to the grove, up to $150" promotion that is currently taking place. after a near-tear-inducing 30 minutes spent trying to use the app, my driver hakob is en route. he texts me, "hi megan can you send your adres?uber." i have already entered my address into the application. my alleged eight-minute wait becomes 10 minutes, then 12, then 15. i watch him overshoot my place on the map and directionlessly shuffle around the neighborhood like a mouse in a maze. what is this, hakob's first rodeo?
he finally arrives, looking dazed, at 10:45. "sorry," he explains, "i came all the way from hollywood." i live in east hollywood. the scent of cologne in hakob's blacked-out chevy suburban is far too pungent for this hour of the morning; it begins to make my head hurt. according to the grove's website, if i want a free ride back all i have to do is make a purchase of $450 or more. i will be lyfting home.
11 am: hakob drops me off with an emotionless, robotic "have a nice day" as a pained young man in a concierge outfit opens the rear door of the suburban and releases me into my home for the next 12 hours. within two minutes, i've already boarded the trolley—you better believe i took one of the highly coveted top seats. "it's beautiful!" a woman exclaims about nothing in particular as she takes artless photos of said nothing with her cell phone.
an inane song about having a "candy cane christmas" plays overhead as the conductor informs us that the trolley gives the grove's guests a "nostalgic" experience reminiscent of los angeles's former streetcars. he then tells us we'll be making a midway stop at the cheesecake factory. the nostalgia is palpable. people ooh and aah as he points out the sites—the second largest tree in los angeles is here! look, to our left! there's the new diane von furstenberg store! multiple riders photograph it.
11:15 am: the trolley ride is over. i am already intolerably bored.
11:20 am: i joylessly watch the fountain's "festive musical salute to the holiday season." when it ends, my fellow mall-goers applaud at the water, thanking it for its service.
11:30 am: a big announcement comes over the loud speakers—the top hats, the grove's own proprietary "high energy dance troupe," will be performing a "magical musical extravaganza" on the trolley in five minutes! my prayer candle worked!
11:40 am: where the fuck are the top hats? time is money here—as i have no intention to shop, i desperately need entertainment. "look," a guy says to his wife, gesticulating toward the fountain. "water." a christmas song performed by accused rapist ceelo plays in sync with the fountain's endless, undulating flow.
11:45 am: still no top hats. this is unacceptable. i lustfully stare at the bar above nordstrom. is 11:45 am an acceptable time to start drinking? it is saturday, after all.
12:00 pm: i'm so bored, i actually start shopping. i come perilously close to purchasing a $25 bikini at topshop because, in my altered state, i have convinced myself it's a "good deal." good lord, koester, keep it together! i think. you've only been here an hour and you've already lost your goddamned mind.
12:15 pm: in the plush, spacious restroom next to the concierge stand, i use the grove's free wifi to watch a live feed of the grove's fountain, which i'm convinced exists solely to cheekily ask the question, "what drought?" an outrageously loud cover of "let it snow" plays amidst the screams of an infant getting its diaper changed. it is impossible to concentrate on anything but its screams, the music, and the diaper's rancid smell. the infant's name is skylar.
1 pm: i take a brief sojourn to the farmer's market, where i stumble upon a horrifyingly festive site—elderly people singing and dancing to christmas songs that have been "hula-fied." "santa couldn't make it," the ukulele player tells the audience, "but here's his wife: mrs. claus." a white woman in a santa hat slowly, awkwardly begins to shimmy to the unsteady melody of the ukulele player and drummer.
1:15 pm: grove pro tip: don't want to wait over one american hour to be seated at the cheesecake factory? skip the endless line, which is spilling out the door, and belly up to the bar! i order two small plates (one of fried cheese, another of warm asparagus salad) and a skinnylicious® long island iced tea. my friend sam, who is lunching with me, mentions she has a klout perk coupon for acai-infused alcohol. my face contorts in glee as i realize i also have one—and it's in my wallet. "just get a cup from coffee bean and pour some in it," she tells me. "no one will know."
there is a whole foods across the street that'll take the coupon, and the idea of maintaining sobriety for the next 10 hours seems impossible. i can't get loaded at cheesecake factory, though—the long island, i was horrified to discover after it had already been served to me, cost $10.50. which brings up an important question: can i leave the confines of the grove to purchase hooch to smuggle back in?
as i ponder this, a woman who looks like a real housewife of insert location here approaches us and slurs, "i'm sorry, can i ask you a question?" her well-manicured hand points at sam's tater tots; she asks, "what. are. those?!?" "they're the stuffed potato bites," sam answers. "are they … amazing?!?" the housewife asks. "yes," sam solemnly replies.
2:15 pm: one hour and $25 later, i find myself slightly faded from the long island iced tea, wondering what's next. as sam takes her leave, i watch an oblivious man almost behead the daughter he's carrying on his shoulders. an ugg-booted preteen sits on the curb, silently sobbing. near her, a jazz quintet in santa hats plays to sparse applause.
2:45 pm: i check out the parking garage's digital sign, which informs me how many available spaces exist on each level. it is riddled with ones and zeros. i return to the bathroom; a woman is re-wrapping her wounded leg on the overstuffed couch. the bathroom, while well maintained, nevertheless smells strongly of female genitalia.
"i'm gonna get drunk and go to the american girl store," i declare to no one in particular.
3:45 pm: in my ceaseless wandering, i pass an ad for the top hats. they apparently perform at 6:45 and 7:45 pm every evening, not 11:30 am like the earlier announcement promised. i am upset that i have been deceived, but grateful to have something to look forward to. the mall is reaching critical mass; it has become impossible to walk without getting run into by a rogue child actively being ignored by its indifferent parents. "mom! mom! mom! mom!" a young girl screams while frantically tugging at the hem of her mother's boho dress. her mother steadfastly refuses to hang up the phone or acknowledge the child's presence.
4:00 pm: i smoke my hourly cigarette with the topshop employees on the outskirts of the mall; before me, a book published by the international society for krishna consciousness, entitled "beyond birth and death," lies on the sidewalk.
an irate man in sweatpants yells at his son, "let's go. i'm not shopping. i know what i want." he storms away in a huff, leaving the child behind in an ever-increasing fray. i find the source of the krishna literature, a young man holding court with a group of wide-eyed dreamers. "so ... are these free?" a coed asks, investigating a book. "yes! we're just asking for a donation," he replies. she hands the book back to him.
4:15 pm: the grove's rules of conduct are posted on the wall that flanks my smoking spot; as abject boredom has forced me to smoke more than i usually do, i have committed most of the rules to memory. they are, in my assessment, being broken left and right. non-service animals in sweaters surround me at every turn, most too large to comply with the "must carry dogs" rule. i quickly discover that there is a finite number of times one can see a dog wearing a festive sweater before one stops feeling anything, up to and including judgment for said dog's owner.
4:20 pm: the number and variation of covers of "baby it's cold outside" i have heard cannot be quantified. my favorite, i decide, is the one by she & him; i enjoy it because zooey deschanel is the one who takes on the song's predatory male role. in related news, i have lost my mind.
4:30 pm: i watch an enormous dog take a shit on the sidewalk outside tommy bahama, much to the horror of its owners. i realize the futility of even to try writing anything as funny as this visual.
my friend dave meets me outside tommy bahama; as neither of us has ever had the privilege to enter one, we decide to check it out. i spritz myself with the brand's signature fragrance; i immediately regret doing so. it is pungent, and not in a pleasant way. buzz waning, i finally cave into temptation and hit up the bar above nordie's. dave's drink is an inconsumable layer of vodka poured over a shot of lemon juice; mine has a needless red wine topper. both cost $13.
5:30 pm: it's an unacceptable time to eat, which means it's time for my dinner reservation at the american girl café. i smoke a cigarette outside, reeking of tommy bahama perfume, and try not to look like a sex predator as i wait for my dining companion.
a sign above the escalator in the store informs customers that, if they or their children are wearing crocs, they should use the elevator. there are women here whose job it is to brush doll hair; i pity them endlessly. heidi klum and her daughter exit the dining room as my companion veronica and i enter—i find her skin frustratingly luminescent.
we do not have our own dolls; as such, we must borrow loaners. mine is african-american. veronica's is, according to the excitable young woman who seats us, "a latina!" both have seen better days.
"i'm gonna eat the fuck out of those," veronica says as a plate of piping hot, clearly canned, cinnamon rolls is placed on our table. we are surrounded by young girls, most of whom brought their own dolls, and their harried parents, who drink beers served in wine glasses. a miniature cup of tea is placed in front of veronica's plastic latina doll.
7 pm: after a wonderfully microwaved meal, we leave the american girl store as artificial snow rains down on us. "is it carcinogenic?" veronica asks. "probably," i reply.
7:30 pm: we are desperately in need of a drink, but there is—to our horror—no seating available in the whisper lounge. we instead go to mixology 101, a bar owned by planet hollywood that has been featured on extra. as an all-white band plays reggae in the corner, i peruse the drink menu; one concoction contains gin and whole milk. i am, while intrigued, too terrified to order it. my friend allen meets us; he, like everyone else who has come to visit so far, asks if i've heard the news about the girlfriend-murdering cop killer in new york. it puts a bit of a damper on our otherwise festive surroundings.
8:45 pm: as i enjoy a post-mixology-101 smoke outside of dylan's candy bar, an elderly white woman shuffles by. "there's a lot of candy in there," she tells her companion. she is not lying.
9:15 pm: my visitors have both left; once again, i am alone. i take a wholly unfulfilling, cheesecake factory/american girl café-induced trip to an unspeakably filthy nordstrom restroom. afterward, i catch a glimpse of myself in the mirror—i look tired, haggard, broken. and i haven't even bought anything.
9:30 pm: i walk by a rather large menorah. it's a nice gesture, given that the grove is located in the fairfax district, but the fact that it's situated next to the enormous fucking christmas tree (the second largest in the state!) makes said gesture feel hollow.
10 pm: it is, apparently, happy couple hour. i walk through a sea of them, smiling into their iphone screens while pecking each other on the cheek, on my way to go smoke for the millionth time. i have been at the grove 11 hours; the end is nigh. for all of us. uh oh, i'm drifting into existential territory. why are we here? did our merciful maker, the reason for the season, put us on earth solely to consume? will we be remembered when we die? wait—stop everything. "all i want for christmas (is you)" by mariah carey has started playing. i love this song! my angst is immediately averted. rick caruso, i think, you are one sick and brilliant fuck.
10:15 pm: i have found myself, once again, smoking in front of the grove code of conduct. did you know "engaging in any unlawful activity or behavior" is not permitted in the grove? or, for that matter, anywhere laws exist? meanwhile, the cop car that has been illegally parked in a fire zone since i arrived sits, unmanned.
10:30 pm: there is still a comically large line to take pictures with santa. don't these brats have a bedtime? i ask myself. the state should remove them from their parents' custody.
10:45 pm: i order my last drink of the night, a dirty gin martini, at the la piazza ristorante outdoor bar. as i soak in a "breathtaking" view of the fountain, two shrill middle-aged women to my left animatedly talk about what a bitch someone named linda is. "happy holidays," the bartender tells them as he lays down their tab. "merry christmas," one of them replies, making deep, judgmental eye contact. "merry. christmas." —megan koester
· one depressing night at the $12-an-hour snooty fox motor inn [curbed la]
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nuər hæv ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi kɔld sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˈæpərʧər ˈreɪˌdɑr, ər sɑr, wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ˈsɪgnəlz ər ““pings”*” tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ə ˈpɪkʧər ər ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv ðə təreɪn bɪˈloʊ, əˈlaʊ fər ˈbɛtər ˈtərgət aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən. ðə sɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤi sɛndz ə pɪŋ tɪ ðə graʊnd ənd ðɛn ˈænəˌlaɪzɪz ðə rɪˈtərn ˈsɪgnəl tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə ˈkɑnˌtʊrz, ˈdɪstəns ənd ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðə graʊnd bɪˈloʊ. ðə ɛr fɔrs ɪz naʊ kənˈdəktɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl tɛsts əv nu ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd ˈwɛpənz tɛkˈnɑləʤi fər ðə dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ hɛlp ˈmɑdərˌnaɪz ðə stɛlθ ˈfaɪtər ənd ɪkˈspænd ðə reɪnʤ əv ˈwɛpənz ɪt ɪz ˈeɪbəl tɪ faɪər ɪn ˈkɑmbæt, ˈsərvɪs ənd ˈɪndəstri əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ɛr fɔrs əˈfɪʃəlz hæv toʊld skaʊt ˈwɔrjər ðət, baɪ 2019 ðə ˈsərvɪs wɪl bɪˈgɪn ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ ˌfəŋkʃəˈnælɪti fər ðə ənd ˈmɪsəlz ɛz wɛl ɛz ɛnˈhænst ˈtərgət loʊˈkeɪʃən ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz. ðə ˈkərəntli ˈkɛriz ðə blɑk 1 ənd ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈəpˈgreɪd wɪl ɪˈneɪbəl ˈkɛrəʤ əv blɑk 2 rɛd: ðə juz. ˈɑrmiz nu ˈmɪʃən krəʃ nɔrθ ˌkɔˈriə ɪn ə wɔr ˈkɑrənt ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈtɛstɪŋ əv ðə ɪz ˈfoʊkɪst əˈpɑn ə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈəpˈgreɪd fər ðə ˈfaɪtər, əˈlaʊɪŋ ɪt tɪ kˈwɪkli ˈɪnəˌgreɪt ˈwɛpənz ˈəpˌgreɪdz, ə ˈstɔri ɪn ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən wik ˈsteɪtɪd. ˈreɪθiɑn ˈwɛpənz dɪˈvɛləpərz ɪkˈspleɪn ðət ðə blɑk 2 ˈvɛriənt ædz ə ˌridɪˈzaɪnd ənd ə ˈdɪʤɪtəl ˌɪgˈnɪʃən ˈseɪfti dɪˈvaɪs ðət ɛnˈhænsɪz graʊnd ˈhændəlɪŋ ənd ˈseɪfti. blɑk ˈɔlsoʊ ˈfiʧərz ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪks ðət ɪˈneɪbəl sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɛnˈhænsmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ˈjuzɪŋ ə nu ˈwɛpən tɪ səˈpɔrt bɪɔnd ˈvɪʒəwəl reɪnʤ ɪnˈgeɪʤmənts, ə ˈreɪθiɑn ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd. rɛd: wət ə wɔr bɪtˈwin əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ˌɪˈrɑn wʊd lʊk laɪk əˈnəðər pɑrt əv ðə ˈwɛpənz ˈəpˈgreɪd ˌɪnˈkludz ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ ðə tɪ faɪər ðə, ə bɪɔnd ˈvɪʒəwəl reɪnʤ ədˈvænst ˈmɪsəl (æmˈrɑm), dɪˈzaɪnd fər ɔl ˈwɛðər əˈtæks; ɪt ɪz ə "faɪər ənd fərˈgɛt" ˈmɪsəl wɪθ ˈæktɪv trænzˈmɪt ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈgaɪdəns, ˈreɪθiɑn ˈdætə steɪts. ðə ɪz bɪlt wɪθ ˈəpˌgreɪdz tɪ ˈpriviəs æmˈrɑm ˈmɪsəlz baɪ ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋ əˈtæk reɪnʤ, ˈgipiˈɛs ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən, ˌɪˈnərʃəl ˈjunɪts ənd ə ˈtuˌweɪ ˈdætə lɪŋk, ˈreɪθiɑn ˈsteɪtmənts ɪkˈspleɪn. rɛd: wət ə wɔr bɪtˈwin ˈʧaɪnə ənd əˈmɛrɪkə wʊd lʊk laɪk ðə moʊst ˈrisənt ˈkɑnˌtrækt əˈwɔrd wɑz tɪ ˈreɪθiɑn ˈmɪsəl ˈsɪstəmz ɛz ðə praɪm ˈkɑnˌtræktər ɪn ˈɛˈsiˈpi 2017 fər ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈəpˌgreɪdz ðət wɪl kənˈtɪnju tɪ ˌɪmˈpruv ðə pərˈfɔrməns əv ðə ɪn ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk əˈtæk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt, capt*. ˈɛmɪli grəˈbɔfski, ɛr fɔrs ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən, toʊld skaʊt ˈwɔrjər ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. "ðə æmˈrɑm ˈproʊˌgræm kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ ˌɪnˈkris ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti θru plænd ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈəpˌgreɪdz tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðə ˈfæməli əv ˈmɪsəlz rɪˈmeɪnz ˈvaɪəbəl əˈgɛnst θrɛts," grəˈbɔfski ˈædɪd. "ɛz ðə moʊst ˈrisənt æmˈrɑm ˈmɪsəl fər ðə ɛr fɔrs, ðə, wɑz ˈɑpərˈeɪʃənəli ˈfildɪd ɪn 2015 ɛz ə smɔl, laɪt, fæst ˈmɪsəl wɪθ ˌɪmˈpruvd ˌkeɪpəˈbɪlətiz əˈgɛnst ˈvɛri loʊ ənd ˈtɑrgəts ɪn ən ˌɪˌlɛkˈtrɑnɪk əˈtæk ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt." ɛz ðə ɛr fɔrs ənd ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn muv ˈfɔrwərd wɪθ ˈwɛpənz ˈɛnvəˌloʊp ɪkˈspænʧənz ənd ɛnˈhænsmənts fər ðə ðɛr ɪz əv kɔrs ə kəˈmɛnsərɪt nid tɪ ˈəpˈgreɪd ˈsɔfˌwɛr ənd ɪts ˈsɛnsərz tɪ əˈʤəst tɪ ˈimərʤɪŋ fˈjuʧər θrɛts, ˈɪndəstri dɪˈvɛləpərz ɪkˈspleɪnd. ˈəltəmətli, ðɪs ˈɛfərt wɪl lɛd ðə ɛr fɔrs tɪ dræft əp rɪkˈwaɪrmənts fər nu ˈsɛnsərz. ən ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈsɔfˌwɛr əˈʤəstmənt ɪz naʊ biɪŋ wərkt ɔn baɪ ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrz ɔn ˈkɑnˌtrækt wɪθ ðə ɛr fɔrs. wərk ɔn ðə ˈsɔfˌwɛr ɪz sˈleɪtɪd tɪ bi ˈfɪnɪʃt baɪ 2020 dɪˈvɛləpərz ˈædɪd. ə ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ˈpɔrʃən əv ðə ˈəpˌgreɪdz, kɔld ə mandate,”*,” ˌɪnˈvɑlvz ˈɛnʤəˈnɪrɪŋ nu ænˈtɛnəz spəˈsɪfɪkli dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ prɪˈzərv ðə stɛlθ kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən əv ðə nu ænˈtɛnəz hæv tɪ bi fərst kənˈstrəktɪd ənd ˈrɛˌtroʊˌfɪtɪd ˈɔntu ðə ˈɛrˌpleɪn. bɪˈkəz əv ðə stɛlθ kənˌfɪgjərˈeɪʃən ˈpʊtɪŋ, ænˈtɛnəz ɔn ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt ənd taɪm kənˈsumɪŋ," ˈlɑˌkhid əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ðə ɛr fɔrs ɪz ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈfeɪzɪz əv dɪˈzaɪnɪŋ nu ˈsɛnsərz fər ɪts ˈstɛlθi ˈræptər ɛz ɪt prəˈsidz wɪθ ˈsɔfˌwɛr ˈəpˌgreɪdz, ˈhɑrdˌwɛr əˈʤəstmənts, nu ænˈtɛnəz ənd ˈdætə lɪŋk ˌɪmˈpruvmənts dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈbɛtər ɪˈneɪbəl tɪ kəˈnɛkt ðə ənd ˈsɛnsər ˈpækɪʤɪz tɪ wən əˈnəðər, ˈɪndəstri ənd ɛr fɔrs əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ˈsɛnsər interoperability*, ˈtuˌweɪ ˈdætə lɪŋks ənd ˈəðər kaɪnz əv ˈtɛknɪkəl ˌɪnəˈgreɪʃən bɪtˈwin ðə tu stɛlθ ˈɛrˌkræft ər kənˈsɪdərd ki tɪ ən ɛr fɔrs ˈkɑmbæt ˈstrætəʤi wɪʧ ˌɪnˈtɛndz fər ðə spid ənd ˈkɑmbæt səˈprɛməsi tɪ ˈkɑmpləmənt ənd wərk ɪn ˈtændəm wɪθ ðə ˈsɛnsərz, tɛkˈnɑləʤi, kəmˈpjutərz ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ ˈmɪʃən əˈbɪləˌti. waɪl ðə ɪz ˌɛnʤəˈnird wɪθ əˈbɪləˌtiz, ɪts ədˈvænst ˈsɛnsər tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ˈɛnəmi θrɛts æt məʧ ˈfərðər ˈdɪstənsɪz ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ˈərliər, əˈtæks tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈɛnəmiz ɪn ðə ɛr. səʧ tɛkˈnɑləʤiz, wɪʧ ˌɪnˈklud ˈsɛnsərz noʊn ɛz ˈnɔrθrəp ˈgrəmənz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd ˈæpərʧər ˈsɪstəm ənd ə lɔŋ reɪnʤ ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈsɪstəm, ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ gɪv ðə ən əˈbɪləˌti tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈtɑrgəts æt məʧ ˈlɔŋgər ˈreɪnʤɪz ˈðɛrˌfɔr prɪˈkludɪŋ ðə nid tɪ ˈdɑgˌfaɪt. laɪk ðə ðə ˈleɪtəst hæv ˈreɪˌdɑr (sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˈæpərʧər ˈreɪˌdɑr) ənd həz lɪŋk 16 ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈwɔrnɪŋ rɪˈsivərz ənd ˈtɑrgətɪŋ tɛkˈnɑləʤiz. biɪŋ ðət ðə ɪz rɪˈgɑrdɪd ɛz ðə wərldz bɛst ˈplætˌfɔrm, ən əˈbɪləˌti fər ən ənd tɪ mɔr kˈwɪkli ɪksˈʧeɪnʤ ˈsɛnsər ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən səʧ ɛz ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˈdætə wʊd ˈproʊdus ə pəˈtɛnʃəli ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ˈbætəlˌfild ædˈvæntɪʤ, ˈɪndəstri dɪˈvɛləpərz ənd ɛr fɔrs ˈsinjər ˈlidərz hæv ɪkˈspleɪnd. ðə kəmˈbaɪnd ˌɪmˈpækt əv iʧ əv ðə ˈɛrpleɪnz rɪˈspɛktɪv ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ædˈvæntɪʤɪz meɪks fər ən ənˈraɪvəld səˈprɛməsi, əbˈzərvərz hæv ˈɑrgjud. fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈiðər əv ðə ˈɛrˌkræft kʊd juz stɛlθ tɛkˈnɑləʤi tɪ ˈpɛnəˌtreɪt ˈɛnəmi ˈɛrˌspeɪs ənd dɪˈstrɔɪ ɛr dɪˈfɛns ˈsɪstəmz. wəns ə seɪf ɛr ˈkɔrɪdər ɪz ɪˈstæblɪʃt fər ˈfərðər əˈtæks, ən kʊd meɪnˈteɪn ər ɪnˈʃʊr kənˈtɪnjud ɛr səˈprɛməsi waɪl ən kənˈdəktəd graʊnd əˈtæks ər pərˈsud ˈmɪʃənz wɪθ ɪts tɛkˈnɑləʤi. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈiðər ˈplætˌfɔrm kʊd aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈtɑrgəts fər ðə ˈəðər, drɔɪŋ əˈpɑn ðə strɛŋθs əv iʧ. ˈkɑnvərsli, ən kʊd juz ɪts ˈlɔŋˈreɪnʤ ˈsɛnsərz ənd "ˈsɛnsər fˈjuʒən" tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ˈɛrˌbɔrn ˈtɑrgəts wɪʧ ðə meɪ bi bɛst ˈsutɪd tɪ əˈtæk. ɛr fɔrs dɪˈvɛləpərz ər, kwaɪt ˈnæʧərəli, əˈkjutli əˈwɛr əv ðə ʧaɪˈniz stɛlθ ˈfaɪtər ənd ˈrəʃəz stɛlθ ˈɛrˌkræft ɛz ˈɛvədəns ðət ðə ˈjuˈɛs wɪl nid tɪ wərk ˈvɪgərəsli tɪ səˈsteɪn ɪts ˌtɛknəˈlɑʤɪkəl ɛʤ. əˈlɔŋ ðiz laɪnz, boʊθ ðə ənd ər ˌɛnʤəˈnird tɪ drɔ frəm "ˈmɪʃən ˈdætə faɪlz," dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ˈlaɪbrɛˌriz ˈstɔrɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn noʊn θrɛts ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəl loʊˈkeɪʃənz. ðɪs ˈdætəˌbeɪs ɪz ˈɪnəˌgreɪtɪd ˈɪntu ə ˈreɪˌdɑr ˈwɔrnɪŋ rɪˈsivər soʊ ðət ˈɛrˌkræft hæv ðə ˈərliəst ˈpɑsəbəl ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə θrɛts ðeɪ ər siɪŋ. ˈminˌwaɪl, ðə ɛr fɔrs ɪz pərˈfɔrmɪŋ ki ˈmeɪntənəns ɔn ðə stɛlθ məˈtɪriəlz waɪl ˈəpˌgreɪdɪŋ ðə stɛlθ ˈfaɪtər wɪθ nu əˈtæk ˈwɛpənz tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪmˈpruvd ənd straɪk tɛkˈnɑləʤi, ˈsərvɪs əˈfɪʃəlz sɛd. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ˌɪmˈpruvd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪˈneɪbəlɪŋ ðə ˈwɛpən tɪ dɪˈstrɔɪ ˈtɑrgəts æt ə ˈwaɪdər reɪnʤ əv ˈæŋgəlz. əˈdɪʃənəl ˈəpˌgreɪdz tɪ ðə stɛlθ ˈfaɪtər, sˈleɪtɪd fər 2021 ər dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ ˈbɛtər ɪˈneɪbəl ˈdɪʤɪtəl kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz ˈviə ˈdætə lɪŋks wɪθ ənd ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈɛrpleɪnz. stɛlθ ˈkoʊtɪŋ ˈmeɪntənəns ðə ɛr fɔrs həz ˈkɑntræktəd ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn tɪ pərˈfɔrm ɛˈsɛnʃəl ˈmeɪntənəns tɪ ðə stɛlθ ˈkoʊtɪŋ tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ɪt ɪz ɪkˈwɪpt tɪ ˈmænɪʤ θrɛts. ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn kəmˈplitɪd ðə fərst ˈræptər æt ðə ˈɪnˌlɛt ˈkoʊtɪŋ rɪˈpɛr (icr*) speedline*, ə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈsteɪtmənt sɛd. "ˌpɪriˈɑdɪk ˈmeɪntənəns ɪz rikˈwaɪərd tɪ meɪnˈteɪn ðə ˈspɛʃəl ɪkˈstɪriər ˈkoʊtɪŋz ðət kənˈtrɪbjut tɪ ðə ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈvɛri loʊ əbˈzərvəbəl ˈreɪˌdɑr cross-section*," ˈlɑˌkhid ˈsteɪtɪd. ðə ˌɪnˈkris ɪn dɪˈplɔɪmənts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənəl ˈkɑmbæt ˈmɪʃənz, həz ˌɪnˈkrist ðə dɪˈmænd fər icr*. əˈdɪʃəˌnəli, ˈlɑˌkhid ˈmɑrtɪn ɪz prəˈvaɪdɪŋ ˌmɑdəfəˈkeɪʃən səˈpɔrt ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˌænəˈlɪtɪkəl kənˈdɪʃən ˌɪnˈspɛkʃənz, ˈreɪˌdɑr krɔs ˈsɛkʃən ˈtərnˌteɪbəl səˈpɔrt ənd ænˈtɛnə ˌkæləˈbreɪʃən. əˈtæk tɛkˈnɑləʤi æt ðə ˈmoʊmənt, ˈtɑrgətɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən frəm droʊnz ɪz ˈriˌleɪd frəm ðə graʊnd ˈsteɪʃən bæk əp tɪ ən ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kəmˈpjutər ˈælgərˌɪðəmz ənd tɛkˈnɑləʤi ɪz fæst ɪˈvɑlvɪŋ səʧ ðət ˈɛrˌkræft laɪk ən wɪl sun bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kˈwɪkli vju droʊn ˈvɪdioʊ fidz ɪn ðə ˈkɑkˌpɪt wɪˈθaʊt ˈnidɪŋ ə graʊnd ˈsteɪʃən ənd ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ kənˈtroʊl ˈnɪrˈbaɪ droʊnz frəm ðə ɛr. ðiz dɪˈvɛləpmənts wər ˈhaɪˌlaɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈspɛʃəl ˈpriviəs skaʊt ˈwɔrjər ˈɪntərvˌju wɪθ ɛr fɔrs ʧif ˈsaɪəntɪst grɛg ˌzækərˈaɪəs. ˌzækərˈaɪəs ɪkˈspleɪnd ðət fɪθ ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən ˈfaɪtərz səʧ ɛz ðə ənd ər kˈwɪkli əˈproʊʧɪŋ ən əˈbɪləˌti tɪ ˈnɪrˈbaɪ droʊnz frəm ðə ɛr. ðɪs wʊd əˈlaʊ ənˈmænd ˈsɪstəmz tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ˈpeɪˌloʊd, tɛst ˈɛnəmi ɛr dɪˈfɛnsɪz ənd pəˈtɛnʃəli ɪkˈstɛnd ðə riʧ əv ˈmɪʃənz. nuər hæv ə tɛkˈnɑləʤi kɔld sɪnˈθɛtɪk ˈæpərʧər ˈreɪˌdɑr, ər sɑr, wɪʧ ˈjuzɪz ˌɪˌlɛktroʊmægˈnɛtɪk ˈsɪgnəlz ər ““pings”*” tɪ dɪˈlɪvər ə ˈpɪkʧər ər ˈrɛndərɪŋ əv ðə təreɪn bɪˈloʊ, əˈlaʊ fər ˈbɛtər ˈtərgət aɪˌdɛntəfəˈkeɪʃən. ðə sɑr tɛkˈnɑləʤi sɛndz ə pɪŋ tɪ ðə graʊnd ənd ðɛn ˈænəˌlaɪzɪz ðə rɪˈtərn ˈsɪgnəl tɪ ˈkælkjəˌleɪt ðə ˈkɑnˌtʊrz, ˈdɪstəns ənd ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əv ðə graʊnd bɪˈloʊ.
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newer f-22s have a technology called synthetic aperture radar, or sar, which uses electromagnetic signals or “pings” to deliver a picture or rendering of the terrain below, allow for better target identification.
the sar technology sends a ping to the ground and then analyzes the return signal to calculate the contours, distance and characteristics of the ground below.
the air force is now conducting operational tests of new software and weapons technology for the f-22 designed to help modernize the stealth fighter and expand the range of weapons it is able to fire in combat, service and industry officials said.
air force officials have toldout warrior that, by 2019, the service will begin upgrading f-22 functionality for the aim-120d and aim-9x air-to-air missiles as well as enhanced air-to-surface target location capabilities. the f-22 currently carries the aim-9x block 1 and the current upgrade will enable carriage of aim-9x block 2.
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current operational testing of the f-22 is focused upon a 3.2b software upgrade for the fighter, allowing it to quickly integrate weapons upgrades, a story in aviation week stated.
raytheon aim-9x weapons developers explain that the block 2 variant adds a redesigned fuze and a digital ignition safety device that enhances ground handling and in-flight safety. block ii also features updated electronics that enable significant enhancements, including lock-on-after-launch capability using a new weapon datalink to support beyond visual range engagements, a raytheon statement said.
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another part of the weapons upgrade includes engineering the f-22 to fire the aim-120d, a beyond visual range advanced medium-range air-to-air missile (amraam), designed for all weather day-and-night attacks; it is a "fire and forget" missile with active transmit radar guidance, raytheon data states. the aim-120d is built with upgrades to previous amraam missiles by increasing attack range, gps navigation, inertial measurment units and a two-way data link, raytheon statements explain.
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the most recent contract award was to raytheon missile systems as the prime contractor in sep 2017, for software upgrades that will continue to improve the performance of the aim-120d in an electronic attack environment, capt. emily grabowski, air force spokeswoman, toldout warrior in a statement.
"the amraam program continues to increase capability through planned software upgrades to ensure the family of missiles remains viable against ever-evolving threats," grabowski added. "as the most recent amraam missile for the air force, the aim-120d, was operationally fielded in 2015, as a small, light, fast missile with improved capabilities against very low and high-altitude targets in an electronic attack environment."
as the air force and lockheed martin move forward with weapons envelope expansions and enhancements for the f-22, there is of course a commensurate need to upgrade software and its on-board sensors to adjust to emerging future threats, industry developers explained. ultimately, this effort will lead the air force to draft up requirements for new f-22 sensors.
an essential software adjustment is now being worked on by lockheed martin engineers on contract with the air force. work on the software is slated to be finished by 2020, developers added.
a hardware portion of the upgrades, called a “tactical mandate,” involves engineering new antennas specifically designed to preserve the stealth configuration of the f-22.
new antennas have to be first constructed and retrofitted onto the airplane. because of the stealth configuration putting, antennas on is difficult and time consuming," lockheed officials said.
the air force is in the early phases of designing new sensors for its stealthy 5th-generation f-22 raptor as it proceeds with software upgrades, hardware adjustments, new antennas and data link improvements designed to better enable to connect the f-22 and f-35 sensor packages to one another, industry and air force officials said.
sensor interoperability, two-way data links and other kinds of technical integration between the two 5th-gen stealth aircraft are considered key to an air force combat strategy which intends for the f-22 speed and air-to-air combat supremacy to complement and work in tandem with the f-35's next-gen sensors, precision-attack technology, computers and multi-role fighting mission ability.
while the f-35 is engineered with dog-fighting abilities, its advanced sensor technology is intended to recognize enemy threats at much further distances - enabling earlier, longer-range attacks to destroy enemies in the air. such technologies, which include 360-degree sensors known as northrop grumman's distributed aperture system and a long range electro-optical targeting system, are designed to give the f-35 an ability to destroy targets at much longer ranges - therefore precluding the need to dogfight.
like the f-35, the latest f-22s have radar (synthetic aperture radar) and data-links (f-22 has link 16), radar warning receivers and targeting technologies. being that the f-22 is regarded as the world's best air-to-air platform, an ability for an f-35 and f-22 to more quickly exchange sensor information such as targeting data would produce a potentially unprecedented battlefield advantage, industry developers and air force senior leaders have explained. the combined impact of each of the airplanes respective technological advantages makes for an unrivaled air-combat supremacy, observers have argued.
for example, either of the aircraft could use stealth technology to penetrate enemy airspace and destroy air defense systems. once a safe air corridor is established for further attacks, an f-22 could maintain or ensure continued air supremacy while an f-35 conducted close-air-support ground attacks or pursued isr missions with its drone-like video-surveillance technology. additionally, either platform could identify targets for the other, drawing upon the strengths of each.
conversely, an f-35 could use its long-range sensors and "sensor fusion" to identify airborne targets which the f-22 may be best suited to attack.
air force developers are, quite naturally, acutely aware of the chinese j-20 stealth fighter and russia's pak-fa t-50 stealth aircraft as evidence that the us will need to work vigorously to sustain its technological edge.
along these lines, both the f-22 and f-35 are engineered to draw from "mission data files," described as on-board libraries storing information on known threats in particular geographical locations. this database is integrated into a radar warning receiver so that aircraft have the earliest possible indication of the threats they are seeing.
meanwhile, the air force is performing key maintenance on the f-22 raptor's stealth materials while upgrading the stealth fighter with new attack weapons to include improved air-to-air and air-to-surface strike technology, service officials said.
the aim-120d also includes improved high-angle off-boresight technology enabling the weapon to destroy targets at a wider range of angles.
additional upgrades to the stealth fighter, slated for 2021, are designed to better enable digital communications via data links with 4th and 5th generation airplanes.
stealth coating maintenance
the air force has contracted lockheed martin to perform essential maintenance to the f-22's low-observable stealth coating to ensure it is equipped to manage fast-emerging threats.
lockheed martin completed the first f-22 raptor at the company’s inlet coating repair (icr) speedline, a company statement said.
"periodic maintenance is required to maintain the special exterior coatings that contribute to the 5th generation raptor’s very low observable radar cross-section," lockheed stated.
the increase in f-22 deployments, including ongoing operational combat missions, has increased the demand for icr. additionally, lockheed martin is providing modification support services, analytical condition inspections, radar cross section turntable support and antenna calibration.
f-22 attack & supercruise technology
at the moment, targeting information from drones is relayed from the ground station back up to an f-22. however, computer algorithms and technology is fast evolving such that aircraft like an f-22s will soon be able to quickly view drone video feeds in the cockpit without needing a ground station -- and eventually be able to control nearby drones from the air. these developments were highlighted in a special previousout warrior interview with air force chiefientist greg zacharias.
zacharias explained that fifth generation fighters such as the f-35 and f-22 are quickly approaching an ability to command-and-control nearby drones from the air. this would allow unmanned systems to deliver payload, test enemy air defenses and potentially extend the reach of isr missions.
newer f-22s have a technology called synthetic aperture radar, or sar, which uses electromagnetic signals or “pings” to deliver a picture or rendering of the terrain below, allow for better target identification.
the sar technology sends a ping to the ground and then analyzes the return signal to calculate the contours, distance and characteristics of the ground below.
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ðɪs peɪʤ wɑz læst ˈəpˌdeɪtɪd ɔn: meɪ 27 2018 ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ maɪ ˈpɛrənts, ənd tɪ ðə leɪt greɪt dɑn ˈfɛðərˌstoʊn (di. 2013 huz bʊks ˌɪntrəˈdust mi tɪ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri æt ə jəŋ eɪʤ, ðɪs ɪz ə saɪt fər kin ˈæməˌʧər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hɪˈstɔriənz hu, wɪn ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ ˈɛni ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈriʤən əv ðə gloʊb, laɪk tɪ bi əˈwɛr əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkts wɪʧ hæv bɪn fɔt ðɛr ˈoʊvər ðə ˈsɛnʧəriz. ɪt wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ əˈpil tɪ ðə ʧaɪld ɪn ɔl əv ˈjuˈɛs, hu ˌɛnˈʤɔɪz ˈrɛdɪŋ əv moʊˈmɛntəs didz ɪn ənd ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈpleɪsɪz. bət ɪt ɪz nɑt ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd tɪ wɔr; ˈmɛni əv ðə tɛksts ɔn ðə saɪt rɪˈvil ðə ˈəltəmət fjuˈtɪləti əv ðə ækˈtɪvɪti. ðɛr ɪz ə ˌfəndəˈmɛnəl kˈwɛʃən ˌhaʊˈɛvər wɪʧ ərˈaɪzɪz ɪn ɔl ˈstədi əv wɔr: waɪ du ðeɪ du ɪt? ɪf ðɪs saɪt kən prəˈvaɪd səm ˈtɛntətɪv ˈænsərz, ðɛn ɪt wɪl hæv gɔn fɑr əˈbəv ənd bɪɔnd maɪ æmˈbɪʃənz fər ɪt. aɪ æm ˈgreɪtli ˌɪnˈdɛtɪd tɪ hu hæv prɪˈsidɪd mi, bət hoʊp ðət ðeɪ faɪnd ðɪs ˈoʊvərvˌju ˈjusfəl ɪn ðɛr oʊn endeavours*. səm ˈbætəlz ɪn ˈdɛzərts: ˈrɪvər? pæs wɔr ˌpoʊlɪˈsɛrioʊ toʊˈjoʊtə wɔrz ɪn ʧæd ˌkɑrˈtum kæmˈpeɪnz ˈʤərmən kəˈloʊniəl kæmˈpeɪnz ɪn nəˈmɪbiə ˈbætəl əv ðə ˈpɪrəmɪdz ˈtoʊbrʊk ˈæləmoʊ əˈpæʧi wɔrz ˈmɑŋgəl kæmˈpeɪnz ˌælɪgˈzændərz mɑrʧ θru ðə greɪt sɔlt ˈdɛzərt əv ˈpərʒə fərst ˈbætəl əv ɛl ˈæləˌmeɪn ˈsɛkənd ˈbætəl əv ɛl ˈæləˌmeɪn ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv səˈmɑljən ˈsɪvəl wɔrz səˈmɑli ˌiθiˈoʊpiən wɔr ˌiθiˈoʊpiən ˌɛrɪˈtriən wɔr ˌɪˈtæljən kəˈloʊniəl kæmˈpeɪnz ɪn hɔrn əv ˈæfrɪkɑ frɛnʧ ˈfɔrən ˈliʤən ɪn wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑ pəˈsɪfɪk wɔr 1879 ənd ˈəðər kæmˈpeɪnz ɪn ðə ˈɑtɑˌkɑmɑ ˈdɛzərt əv ˈʧɪli ˈlɔrəns əv əˈreɪbiə ˈsaɪˌnaɪ kæmˈpeɪnz 1973 ˌɛtˈsɛtərə. ˈsuɛz kæmˈpeɪn ɪˈʤɪpʃən kæmˈpeɪnz əˈgɛnst pənt ənd frəm: ˈwərldˈwaɪd wɛb saɪt: ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə wɔr krəˈnɑləʤi 13000 tɪ 2004 ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm frəm: ˈgloʊbəl wɛb saɪt: ˈɛriəl ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm wɛb saɪt: ˈlɛsər noʊn ˈbætəlz əv ðə wərld ˈmənˌdeɪ, æm wɛb saɪt: ðə wɔr ˈtʊrɪst ˈbætəlz əv ðə wərld ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ˈbeɪsɪk ˈditeɪlz əv əˈbaʊt 1000 lænd ənd si ˈbætəlz hir. wɛb saɪt: wɔrz əv ðə wərld ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm æbˈsɪˌniən wɔr ˌiθiˈoʊpiə æbˈsɪˌniən wɔr ˈɪtəli ˈæfˌgæn ˈpækɪˌstæn wɔr æˈlʤɪriən wɔr fræns æˈlʤɪriən wɔr əˈmɛrɪkə ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ wɔr əˈmɛrɪkə ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ wɔr ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ əˈmɛrɪkə speɪn wɔr əˈmɛrɪkə speɪn wɔr ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ wɔr fræns wɔr ˈʤərməni ˈæŋgəlz ˈbrɪtən wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈæŋgloʊ ˈæfˌgæn wɔr, æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈæŋgloʊ bɔr wɔr, greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈæŋgloʊ bɔr wɔr, saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈɪŋglənd ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈhɑlənd ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈɪŋglənd ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, fræns ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈʤərməni ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈhɑlənd ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈɪŋglənd ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, fræns ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈʤərməni ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz, ˈhɑlənd ˈæŋgloʊ dəʧ wɔrz ˈɪŋglənd ˈæŋgloʊ ˈspænɪʃ wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈærəb ˌɪzˈreɪli wɔr ˈʤɔrdən ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ˈjərəgˌweɪ wɔr ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ˌɑrʤənˈtinə ˈjərəgˌweɪ wɔr ˈɪtəli ˈɔstriə ˈprəʃə wɔr ˈɔstriə ˈɔstriə ˈprəʃə wɔr ˈʤərməni ˈɔstriə ˈtərki wɔr ˈɔstriə ˈɔstriə ˈtərki wɔr ˈʤərməni ˈɔstriə ˈtərki wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈɔstriə ˈtərki wɔr ˈpoʊlənd ˈɔstriə ˈtərki wɔr ˈtərki ˈæzˌtɛk wɔr speɪn ˈbɔlkən wɔr, roʊˈmeɪniə ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, bəlˈgɛriə ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, gris ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, roʊˈmeɪniə ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, ˈsərbiə ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, ˈtərki ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, roʊˈmeɪniə ˈbɔlkən wɔrz, ˈtərki ˈbɔlkən wɔrz greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈbɔlkən wɔrz ˈsərbiə ˈbɔlkən wɔrz ˈtərki ˈbɛŋgəl wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən wɔr ˈɪŋglənd wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈbɪʃəps wɔr, ˈɪŋglənd ˈbɪʃəps wɔr, ˈskɑtlənd ˈbɪʃəps wɔr, ˈɪŋglənd ˈbɪʃəps wɔr, ˈskɑtlənd blæk hɔk wɔr ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ bɔr wɔr bɔr wɔr ˈʤərməni bɔr wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən bɔr wɔr saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ boʊˈhimiən wɔr, ˈʤərməni bəˈlɪviən gərˈɪlə wɔr wɔr ʤəˈpæn brəˈzɪl ˌɑrʤənˈtinə wɔr brəˈzɪl ˈbrɪtən ˈæfˌgæn wɔr æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈbrɪtən ˈæfˌgæn wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈbrɪtən ˈʧaɪnə wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈbrɪtən ˈiʤɪpt wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈbrɪtən ˈɪndiə wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈbrɪtən ˈzuˌlu wɔr saʊθ ˈæfrɪkɑ ˈbrɪtən ˈæŋgəlz wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈbrɪtən wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈbrɪtən ʤut wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈbrɪtən ˈsæksən wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈbrɪtəni daɪˈnæstɪk wɔr fræns bəlˈgɛriə ˈsərbiə wɔr bərˈmiz wɔr, greɪt ˈbrɪtən bərˈmiz wɔr, mˈjɑnˈmɑr ˈbɪzənˌtin wɔr gris ˈbɪzənˌtin wɔr ˈtərki wɔr speɪn wɔr, greɪt ˈbrɪtən wɔr, greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈkæstɪl grəˈnɑdə wɔr speɪn wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˈʧaɪnə ʤəˈpæn wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈʧaɪnə ʤəˈpæn wɔr ʤəˈpæn ˈʧaɪnə mænˈʧʊriə wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈʧaɪnə ˈmɑŋgəlz wɔr mɑŋˈgoʊljə ˈʧaɪnə ˈmɑŋgəl wɔr mɑŋˈgoʊljə ˈʧaɪnə seɪ ˈeɪʒə wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈʧaɪnə ˈtaɪˈwɑn wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈʧaɪnə ˈtaɪˈwɑn wɔr ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈʧaɪnə təˈbɛt wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈʧaɪnə ˈtərki wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈsɪvəl wɔr æfˈgænəˌstæn ˈsɪvəl wɔr æŋˈgoʊlə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ɑrˈminiə ˈroʊmən ˈɛmpaɪər ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɔstriə ˈhəŋgəri ˈsɪvəl wɔr bəˈvɛriə ˈʤərməni ˈsɪvəl wɔr ʧæd ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈʧɪli ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈʧaɪnə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈdɛnˌmɑrk ˈdɛnˌmɑrk ˈsɪvəl wɔr dɑm rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv dəˈmɪnəkən rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɛmpaɪər ʧɛk rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɛmpaɪər fræns ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɛmpaɪər ˈʤərməni ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪŋglənd fræns ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈʤərməni ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈskɑtlənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr fræns ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈʤərməni ˈsɪvəl wɔr goʊld koʊst goʊld koʊst ˈsɪvəl wɔr gris ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈhɑlənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr hɑnˈdʊrəs ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈhəŋgəri ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪndiə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˌɪˈrɑk ˌɪˈrɑk ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈaɪərlənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪtəli ˈsɪvəl wɔr ʤəˈpæn ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈmɛksəˌkoʊ ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈsɪvəl wɔr mɑŋˈgoʊljə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈməzlɪmz ˌɪˈrɑk ˈsɪvəl wɔr mˈjɑnˈmɑr ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˌnɪkərˈɑgwə ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈsɪvəl wɔr naɪˈʤɪriə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈɪŋglənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈnɔrˌweɪ ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈpoʊlənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈroʊmən ˈɛmpaɪər ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈroʊmən ˈɛmpaɪər ˈʤərməni ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈrəʃə ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈskɑtlənd ˈɪŋglənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈskɑtlənd ˈsɪvəl wɔr səˈmɑljə ˈsɪvəl wɔr speɪn ˈsɪvəl wɔr speɪn ˈʤərməni ˈsɪvəl wɔr sˈwidən ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈsɪriə ˈroʊmən ˈɛmpaɪər ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ ˈsɪvəl wɔr viˌɛtˈnɑm ˈsɪvəl wɔr weɪlz ˈsɪvəl wɔr ˈwɛsəks ˈɪŋglənd ˈkɑŋgoʊ wɔr, ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr ˈɔstriə ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr fræns ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr greɪt ˈbrɪtən ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr ˈɪtəli ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr ˈrəʃə ˌkraɪˈmiən wɔr ˈtərki wɔr ˈpoʊlənd ˈpoʊlənd ˈsaɪprəs ˈʤɛnoʊə wɔr ˈsaɪprəs wɔr wɔr ˈɪŋglənd wɔr wɛb saɪt: wərld ˈhɪstəri ˈdætəˌbeɪs ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri dɪˈzæstərz ˈbləndərz ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm wɛb saɪt: ˈbætəlz baɪ ˈkəntri ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ə groʊɪŋ lɪst hir, wɪʧ əˈpɪrz tɪ bi ˌɪmˈpɔrtɪd frəm ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə. əˈspɛʃəli ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv æt ˈprɛzənt fər ˈbɛlʤəm, ˈrəʃə, juˈkreɪn, ˌvɛnɪzˈweɪlə, roʊˈmeɪniə, ənd ˈpoʊlənd wɛb saɪt: ˈmaʊntən ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm wɛb saɪt: ˈbætəlz baɪ ˈkəntri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə ɪz naʊ hoʊst tɪ ə ˈvɛri ɪˈklɛktɪk ənd fæst groʊɪŋ kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈbætəl dɪˈskrɪpʃənz frəm səm əv ðə mɔr ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈɛmpaɪərz ənd ˈriʤənz əv wərld ˈhɪstəri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ pəru, ˈkɔstɑ ˈrikə, kongo*, ˈmɑli, ˌɑzərbaɪˈʤɑn, ðə ənd ðə ˈɛmpaɪər. wɔʧ ðɪs speɪs ¿¿and*, ˈbɛtər stɪl, kənˈtrɪbjut səm məˈtɪriəl ðɪs ɪz ə kəˈlɛktɪv ɪnˈdɛvər!! frəm: ˈwərldˈwaɪd wɛb saɪt: ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə greɪt ˈbætəlz əv ˈhɪstəri ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, æm wɛb saɪt: ˈrɑbərt ˈrædfərd lɪsts əv ˈbætəlz baɪ ˈkəntri ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ə moʊst ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ənd groʊɪŋ lɪst ɔn ðɪs kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə saɪt [si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə], ˌɔlˈðoʊ ˈoʊnli ə fju ˈkəntriz ˈspɑrsli ˈkəvərd æt ˈprɛzənt. wɛb saɪt: lɪsts əv wɔrz ənd ˈbætəlz ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ə moʊst ɪkˈstɛnsɪv ənd groʊɪŋ lɪst ɔn ðɪs kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə saɪt [si ˈɔlsoʊ ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈkəvərɪʤ ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wɔrz ɪn nu ˈzilənd, fræns, ˈgɪni ənd roʊˈmeɪniə tɪ neɪm bət ə fju wɛb saɪt: ˈeɪnʧənt ˈbætəlˌfildz ɛz ðeɪ lʊk naʊ ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm 20 ər mɔr ˈbætəlˌfildz ˈfoʊtəˌgræft hir ɪn ˈglɔriəs ˈkələr frəm: ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən wɛb saɪt: əˈkustɪkəl ˈʃæˌdoʊz ənd tɪ ðə saʊnd əv ðə guns¿*¿ ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri noʊ ðət əˈkustɪk ənd ənˈjuˌʒuəl hæv ˈɔfən pleɪd sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt roʊlz ɪn ðə ˈaʊtˌkəm əv ˈbætəlz. ˌbiˈfɔr ɪˈlɛktrɪkəl ənd ˈwaɪrlɪs kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃənz bɪˈkeɪm ˈkɑmən ɔn ðə ˈtæktɪkəl ˈlɛvəl, ðə saʊnd əv ˈbætəl wɑz ˈɔfən ðə kˈwɪkɪst ənd moʊst ɪˈfɪʃənt ˈmɛθəd baɪ wɪʧ ə kəˈmændər kʊd ʤəʤ ðə kɔrs əv ə ˈbætəl. trup ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃənz wər ˈɔfən meɪd beɪst ɔn ðə ˈrɛlətɪv ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti əv ðə saʊnz frəm ˈdɪfərənt loʊˈkeɪʃənz ɔn ðə ˈbætəlˌfild. ənˈjuˌʒuəl əˈkustɪks du tɪ ˌætməsˈfɛrɪk kənˈdɪʃənz ər tɪ təreɪn ər ˈsəmˌtaɪmz ˈgɪvɪn ðə neɪm "əˈkustɪk ˈʃæˌdoʊz." ðə fərst rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈɪnsɪdəns əv ðə fəˈnɑməˌnɑn əˈkərd ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈbætəl ɪn 1666 ðə ˈneɪvəl ˈbætəl wɑz fɔt bɪtˈwin ðə koʊsts əv ˈɪŋglənd ənd ˈhɑlənd, ənd saʊnz əv ðə ˈbætəl wər hərd ˈklɪrli æt ˈmɛni pɔɪnts θruaʊt ˈɪŋglənd bət nɑt æt ˌɪntərˈvinɪŋ pɔɪnts. ˈpæsənʤərz ɔn ə jɑt pəˈzɪʃənd bɪtˈwin ðə ˈbætəl ənd ˈɪŋglənd hərd ˈnəθɪŋ. gənz faɪərd æt ðə fˈjunərəl əv kwin vɪkˈtɔriə ɪn ˈləndən ɪn 1901 wər hərd ɪn ˈskɑtlənd, bət nɑt əˈkrɔs ə waɪd ˈriʤən ɪn bɪtˈwin. ðə ˈʤərmən bɑmˈbɑrdmənt əv ˈæntwərp ɪn wərld wɔr aɪ wɑz hərd ˈklɪrli fər ə ˈreɪdiəs, ðɛn bɪɔnd 60 maɪəlz frəm ðə ˈbɛlʤən ˈsɪti, bət nɑt ɪn between¿*¿ kəˈmɛnsəz ðɪs ˈfæsəˌneɪtɪŋ ˈɛˌseɪ frəm ə ˈrəðər ənˈjuˌʒuəl sɔrs, wɪʧ ˈkɑnsənˌtreɪts ɔn ˈɪnsədənts ɪn ðə acw*. frəm: əˈmɛrɪkə wɛb saɪt: əˈkustɪkəl soʊˈsaɪɪti əv əˈmɛrɪkə lɑrʤ ˈbætəl lɪst ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm ə ˈvɛri lɑrʤ ˈlɪstɪŋ əv ˈbætəlz, wɪθ səm gʊd ˈbreɪkˌdaʊnz tu, ʧaɪˈniz ˈbætəlz, ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈbætəlz ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəli ˈsɛkʃən ɪz æt ˈprɛzənt ˈskɛlətəl ˈoʊnli. prɪˈzuməbli ˈmɛni kənˈtrɪbjətərz tɪ ðə saɪt. frəm: ˈgloʊbəl wɛb saɪt: ðə fri ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri krəˈnɑləʤi əv 2500 ˈbætəlz ˈtuzˌdeɪ, piɛm ˌɪnˈkludz ˈneɪvəl ɪnˈgeɪʤmənts frəm: ˈwərldˈwaɪd wɛb saɪt: ðə wɔr ˈtʊrɪst wɔr ˈhɪroʊz ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm səm wɛl noʊn ¿¿heroes¿*¿ ər ˈlɪstɪd hir!! wɛb saɪt: səm ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈbætəlz ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, æm wɛb peɪʤ deɪt ˈbætəl 1868 1364 1866 1826 1479 1862 ˈlukə 0351 1864 1780 1185 ˈrɪvər 1408 1848 ˈæfrɪkɑ 1896 ˈæfrɪkɑ 1882 tɛl ɛl ˈbɔlkənz 1620 ˈbɔlkənz 1877 ˈbɔlkənz 1679 jʊˈreɪʒə 1769 ˈrɪvər jʊˈreɪʒə 1622 jʊˈreɪʒə 1628 ˈwoʊlgəst ˈjʊrəp 0533 æd ˈjʊrəp 0394 fɑr ist 1850 ˈɪnʧɔn fɑr ist 1937 fɑr ist 1876 fræns 1589 fræns 1544 fræns 1649 pəˈleɪ gəˈlin fræns 1211 ənd 1632 fræns 1870 ˈɪndiə 1781 ˈɪtəli 1448 ˈɪtəli 1515 ˈɪtəli 1260 ˈmɑnti ˈɪtəli 0489 vərˈoʊnə ˈɪtəli 1860 nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə 1813 ˈɪri nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə 1758 grænts hɪl nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə 1781 lɪn ˈheɪvən beɪ nɔrθ əˈmɛrɪkə 1814 frəm: ˈgloʊbəl wərld ˈbætəlz frəm ə tɪ zi ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ˈsɛvərəl ˈθaʊzənz ˈlɪstɪd hir, ˈkərtəsi əv ˈtɑnˌtoʊ wɛb saɪt: wərld ˈbætəlz frəm ə tɪ zi ˈeɪnʧənt ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən ˈbætəlz ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ˈmɛrəˌθɑn deɪ 1 deɪ 2 dəraɪəs ˈtrɪləʤi pɑrt 1 deɪ 3 dəraɪəs ˈtrɪləʤi pɑrt 2 dəraɪəs ˈtrɪləʤi pɑrt 3 fərst ˈmeɪdən ˈkæsəl ˈsɛkənd ɪn ˈsɛkənd ˈsizər ˈɔrdər ˈvərsəz keɪɑs aɪ pleɪnz əv trɔɪ ˈbætəl əv pleɪn ˈhænɪbəl æt ˈbætəl əv ˈjutəkə ˈbætəl əv tunz ˈhænɪbəl æt ðə roʊn ˈhænɪbəl æt ðə waɪt rɑk ˈhænɪbəl æt ðə tɪˈsinəs ˈhænɪbəl æt pæs ˈhænɪbəl ˈbætəl əv ˈhænɪbəl fərst ˈbætəl æt ˈnoʊlə ˈhænɪbəl ˈsɛkənd ˈbætəl æt ˈnoʊlə ˈhænɪbəl θərd ˈbætəl æt ˈnoʊlə ˈhænɪbəl fərst ˈbætəl æt ˈkæpjuə ˈhænɪbəl fərst ˈbætəl æt ˈhænɪbəl ˈsɛkənd ˈbætəl æt ˈkæpjuə ˈhænɪbəl ˈsɛkənd ˈbætəl æt ˈhænɪbəl ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv ˈbætəl əv ðə ˈɛləfənts frəm: ˈeɪnʧənt ˌmɛdətərˈeɪniən wɛb saɪt: greɪt ˈbætəlz əv ˈhɪstəri 15 dɪˈsaɪsɪv ˈbætəlz əv ðə ˈwɛstərn wərld ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ðə kəmˈplit tɛkst əv si ɪz hir frəm: tɪ wɛb saɪt: ˈkrisi ɔl ˈɛmpaɪərz ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ə ˈwəndərfəli ˌɛkˈsɛntrɪk bət ˈbjutəfli ˈgræfɪk saɪt ˈkəvərɪŋ səm ɪgˈzɑtɪk ˈsəbʤɪkts səʧ ɛz zænd, ənd ˈɛmpaɪərz. ʧɛk ɪt aʊt!! wɛb saɪt: ɔl ˈɛmpaɪərz lɪst ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm ðɪs iˈmeɪl lɪst ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd fər ðoʊz ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪd ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈeɪnʧənt ənd mɪˈdjivəl ˈpɪriədz, əp tɪ əˈbaʊt 1500 æd. dɪˈskəʃən əv ˈɛni ˈæˌspɛkt əv ˈeɪnʧənt ənd mɪˈdjivəl wargaming*, rulz ənd ˈhɪstəri ɪz ˈwɛlkəm. ˌɔlˈðoʊ sɛt əp baɪ ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti əv ˈeɪnʧənts, ðə lɪst ɪz ˈoʊpən tɪ ɔl, nɑt ʤɪst ˈmɛmbərz. wɛb saɪt: ˈtrævəl ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, æm ˌjʊrəˈpiən ənd pəˈsɪfɪk ˈθiətərz ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈmɛni frəm ˈʧaɪnə ənd seɪ ˈeɪʒə wɛb saɪt: mæps əv wərld wɔr 2 1421 ðə jɪr ˈʧaɪnə dɪˈskəvərd ðə wərld. ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ðɪs ˈwɛbˌsaɪt həz bɪn sɛt əp tɪ ˌkoʊɪnˈsaɪd wɪθ ðə lɔnʧ əv ðə ˈlændˌmɑrk hɪˈstɔrɪkəl wərk 1421 ðə jɪr ˈʧaɪnə dɪˈskəvərd ðə wərld". ðə saɪt kənˈteɪnz ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt ðə fɔr ˈmeɪʤər ˈvɔɪɪʤɪz əv ðə ˈoʊʃən goʊɪŋ əraʊnd ðə wərld, 60 ɑd jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr kəˈləmbəs, ənd ə ˈdætəˌbeɪs əv nu ˈɛvədəns səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ki ˈθɪriz. ju kən kənˈtrɪbjut ˈɛvədəns ˈviə ðə ˈkɑnˌtækt fɔrm ər ʤɔɪn ðə ənd ˈmeɪlɪŋ lɪst. ˈleɪtəst nuz: lɔnʧ əv 1421 ˈʃɪprɛk faʊnd ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə.., ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃən əv ðə ˈnupɔrt raʊnd taʊər. frəm: ˈgloʊbəl. wɛb saɪt: ˈgævɪn ˈmɛnziz, ˈkæptən, rɔɪəl ˈneɪvi ˈbætəlz ˈprɛzənt ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm ə ˈgʊdli ˈnəmbər əv ˈbætəlz ər ɔˈrɛdi ˈkəvərd hir, ənd ju kən æd jʊr oʊn ˈditeɪlz tɪ ðə ˈəðərz, sɪns ðɪs ɪz ən ˌɪnərˈæktɪv ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə!! ə ˈtruli fænˈtæstɪk kəˈlæbərˌeɪtɪv ˈrisɔrs fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri hɪˈstɔriənz. frəm: ˈgloʊbəl wɛb saɪt: ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə zɛŋ hiz ˈvɔɪɪʤɪz ənd ˈprɑbəbəl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ɪn 1421 71 jɪrz ˌbiˈfɔr kəˈləmbəs, ənd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfʊtˌstɛps əv ðə ˈərliər ˈvaɪkɪŋ ɪkˈsplɔrərz, ðə mɪŋ ˈdaɪnəsti ˈnævəˌgeɪtər zɛŋ hi [ˈɔlsoʊ noʊn ɛz ʧɛŋ hoʊ] ənd hɪz əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪts dɪˈpɑrtɪd ɪn ə flit əv tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr, ˈsɛtəl ənd bɪld ˈsɪtiz ɪn əˈreɪbiə, ˌɔstrəˈleɪʒə, ˌoʊˌʃiˈænjə, ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz, nɔrθ ənd saʊθ. səm ˈɛvədəns əv ðiz fits wɑz dɪˈstrɔɪd baɪ ˈraɪvəlz æt ðə mɪŋ kɔrt. ðə rɪˈmeɪnɪŋ ˈɛvədəns wɑz ruˈtinli ˌɪgˈnɔrd fər ˈmɛni jɪrz baɪ kənˈfɔrmɪst ˌækəˈdɛmɪk hɪˈstɔriənz, nɑt ˈwɪʃɪŋ tɪ meɪk weɪvz, ənˈtɪl ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈdeɪli ˈtɛləˌgræf ˈpəblɪʃt ðə ˈɛvədəns kəˈlɛktəd baɪ ðə rɪˈtaɪrd ˌsəbmərˈin kəˈmændər ˈgævɪn ˈmɛnziz ɪn mɑrʧ 2002 ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ saɪts ər ˌɪnˈfɔrmətɪv: ˈmærəˌtaɪm ˈlæŋkə ðə ˌɪnˈskrɪpʃən əv ˈædmərəl zɛŋ hi ˈwɪkiˌpiˌdiə zɛŋ hi ækˈtɪvɪtiz rɪˈleɪtɪd tɪ ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv zɛŋ hi ðə mɪŋ ˈdaɪnəsti: zɛŋ hi ənd hɪz ˈvɔɪɪʤɪz ˈʧaɪnə ðə ˈbjutəfəl ðə greɪt ʧaɪˈniz ˈmɛrənər zɛŋ hi ɛnˈkɑrˌtə zɛŋ hi ðə nɛkst ˈeɪʒən ˈʤərni 2001 ˈædmərəl əv ðə ˈwɛstərn siz ʧɛŋ hoʊ ˈzɪnhjuə nuz ˈeɪʤənsi ʧaɪˈniz ɪkˈsplɔrər meɪ riˈdrɔ mæp əv ˈhɪstəri ˈnoʊvə ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈsəltənz lɔst ˈtrɛʒər, ˈeɪnʧənt ʧaɪˈniz ɪkˈsplɔrərz frəm: mɪŋ ˈʧaɪnə wɛb saɪt: zɛŋ hiz ˈvɔɪɪʤɪz ənd ˈprɑbəbəl əv ðə əˈmɛrɪkəz ˈʤərmən kəˈloʊniəl ˈwɔrˌfɛr ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ðɪs saɪt həz ˈnumərəs gʊd lɪŋks, bət ɪz ɪn ˈʤərmən!! wɛb saɪt: ˈʤərmən kəˈloʊniəl ˈwɔrˌfɛr faɪv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈbætəlz, ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, æm trəˈfælgər tɪ ˌkɔˈriə faɪv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈbætəlz,: ˈkəvərz ˈɔlsoʊ ˈiʤɪpt 1882 di deɪ, ðə kraɪˈmiə. ðɪs saɪt wɑz kriˈeɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərd ˈɔfəs. ɪt fɔrmz pɑrt əv ðɛr ˈpæθˌweɪz tɪ ðə pæst ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˌɛksəˈbɪʃənz ənd ˈlərnɪŋ ˈpækɪʤɪz ˈsɛkʃən. ɪt prəˈvaɪdz ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈkɔzɪz, ˈneɪʧər ənd ˈkɑnsəkˌwɛnsəz əv faɪv ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈbætəlz: trəˈfælgər 1805 kraɪˈmiə 1854 ˈiʤɪpt 1882 ˈlændɪŋz ənd ðə ˈsɛkənd wərld wɔr 1944 ənd ðə ˌkɔˈriən wɔr 1951 iʧ ˈsɛkʃən ˌɪnˈkludz æˈnælɪsɪs əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt pləs ˈækˌsɛs tɪ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈpraɪˌmɛri sɔrs ˈdɑkjəmənts frəm ðə ˈpəblɪk ˈrɛkərd ˈɔfəs kəˈlɛkʃənz. ðiz ˌɪnˈklud: ˈgəvərnmənt ˈpeɪpərz, ərˈɪʤənəl ˈlɛtərz, ˈɑrtɪkəlz ənd əˈkaʊnts. fɪlm ənd ˈvɪdioʊ ˈfʊtɪʤ əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkts ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ækˈsɛsəbəl. ðə saɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˌɪnˈkludz ə ˈsɛkʃən wɪʧ prəˈvaɪdz ˈditeɪlz fər ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə ˈpəblɪk ɔn haʊ tɪ treɪs ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈsərvɪs ˈrɛkərdz. frəm: wɛb saɪt: faɪv ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈbætəlz, ˈhɪstəri əv ðə ˈraɪfəld ˈkænən ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ðə ˈraɪfəld ˈkænən ɪz nɑt ɛz ˈrisənt ə ˌdɪˈskəvri ɛz ˈpipəl ər ˈʤɛnərəli ˌɪnˈklaɪnd tɪ səˈpoʊz. ðɛr ɪz wən æt bərˈlɪn ˈbɛrɪŋ əˈpɑn ɪts ðə ənˈklɪr deɪt əv ˈiðər 1564 ər 1664 ðə jɪr ɪn wɪʧ ɪt wɑz bɪlt. ɪt ɪz meɪd wɪθ fɔrʤd aɪərn, həz ˈθərˈtin gruvz ˌɪnˈsaɪd, ənd ə skru æt ɪts briʧ. ˈmɑdəlz əv ðə seɪm kaɪnd ənd fɔrʤd ɪn ðə seɪm ˈkəntri, ər ˈɔlsoʊ tɪ bi sin æt mˈjunɪk ənd ɪn ˈəðər ˈʤərmən ˈsɪtiz. ˈstədiz ɔn ðə kənˈstrəkʃən əv ˈraɪfəld ˈkænən wər nɑt meɪd ɪn ˈʤərməni əˈloʊn, bət wər ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈɑbʤɛkt əv məʧ əˈtɛnʃən ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ənd fræns. ˈraɪtərz ɔn ˈgənəri spik əv ə ˈraɪfəld gən, traɪd fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn ˈɪŋglənd ɪn ðə jɪr 1776 fər ðə ˈpərpəs əv rɪˈdusɪŋ tɪ oʊˈbidiəns ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈrɛbəlz. wɛb saɪt: ðə ˈmægəˌzin ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ˈhɪstəri ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ðɪs ɪz ə dɪˈteɪld ənd ˈvɪʒwəli əˈtræktɪv ˈtaɪmlaɪn əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ˈhɪstəri frəm ˈərliəst taɪmz. si ˈɔlsoʊ ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ saɪts: ʤəˈkɑrtə ˈʧɑrlzɪz ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə peɪʤ ˈaɪriən ʤaɪə ˈɛmbəsi əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə saɪts saʊnz ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ˈhɪstəri ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈtaɪmlaɪn ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ðə ʤəˈkɑrtə poʊst ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə wərld ˈhɪstəri ˈɑrˌkaɪv ˈɔrfənz ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˌɪndoʊˈniʒən ˈhɪstəri frəm: ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə wɛb saɪt: ˌɪndoʊˈniʒə ˈrisɔrsɪz fər ðə ˈstədi əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm frəm: hir wɛb saɪt: bləd ɔn ðə græs ˈrisɔrs peɪʤ ˈwɪmən æt wɔr θru ˈhɪstəri ˈwɛnzˌdeɪ, æm naʊ hɪrz ə saɪt tɪ stər əp səm ˈtrəbəl!! θruaʊt ˈhɪstəri wɔr ənd ˈfaɪtɪŋ hæv bɪn sin ɛz mɛnz ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈwɪmən hæv ˈɔlˌweɪz bɪn ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈbætəlz ənd ˈsiʤɪz, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən duəlz, ənd soʊ ɔn. ðə moʊst ˈkɑmən əˈkeɪʒən ɔn wɪʧ ˈwɪmən wʊd teɪk pɑrt ɪn ˈbætəlz wɑz wɪn ðɛr hoʊm, ˈkæsəl ər taʊn wɑz əˈtækt. ə mɪˈdjivəl ˈleɪdi wʊd hæv ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ teɪk ʧɑrʤ əv dɪˈfɛns ɪn hər ˈhəzbəndz ˈæbsəns. si fər ɪgˈzæmpəl məˈtɪldə əv ˈtəskəni. səm ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈwɪmən laɪk ənd ʤoʊn əv ɑrk ˈɔlsoʊ lɛd əˈtækɪŋ ˈɑrmiz. ðɛr wər ˈɔlsoʊ ə fju ˈwɪmən dɪsˈgaɪzd ɛz meɪl ˈsoʊlʤərz ər ˈseɪlərz θru ðə ˈeɪʤɪz. frəm: aʊt əv ðə ˈkɪʧən!! wɛb saɪt: ˈwɪmən æt wɔr θru ˈhɪstəri dəʧ, ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz ənd ˈəðər ˈmaɪnər ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈloʊniəl pəˈzɛʃənz ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ˈɛniˌwɛr ɔn ðə koʊsts əv ˈeɪʒə, əˈmɛrɪkə ənd ˈæfrɪkɑ ju kən faɪnd ə fɔrt, ə ʧərʧ, ə ˌʤiəˈgræfɪkəl neɪm ər ə ˈfæməli neɪm, ðət kəm frəm ˈpɔrʧəgəl. ðiz ər ðə rɪˈmeɪnz əv ðə fərst ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈkəntri ðət ɪkˈsplɔrd ðə wərld ɪn sərʧ əv ˈspaɪsɪz ənd soʊlz. əˈfɑnsoʊ də drim, wɑz ən ˌɪnfˈjuʒən əv ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz bləd ɪn iʧ əv ðə ˈkɑləniz. ɛz ðə dəʧ ˈgəvərnər ænˈtoʊnioʊ væn sɛd ɪn 1642 "moʊst əv ðə ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz ɪn ˈeɪʒə lʊk əˈpɑn ðɪs ˈriʤən ɛz ðɛr ˈfɑðərˌlænd, ənd θɪŋk noʊ mɔr əˈbaʊt ˈpɔrʧəgəl". ɪn ˈsɛnʧəri ə smɔl ˈneɪʃən ɛz ˈpɔrʧəgəl bɪˈgæn tɪ ɪkˈsplɔr ðə əˈtlæntɪk ˈoʊʃən sɪns 1415 (ˈkɑŋkwɛst əv ceuta*, mərˈɑkoʊ) ðə ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz ɪkˈsplɔrd ðə koʊsts ɪn sərʧ əv ə roʊd tɪ ðə ist; ənd ɪn 1487 daɪəz ˈdəbəld ðə keɪp əv gʊd hoʊp. ˈæftər tɛn jɪrz ˈvæskoʊ də ˈgɑmə əraɪvd ɪn ˈɪndiə 18 meɪ 1498 ənd ˈoʊpənd ə nu ˈtreɪdɪŋ rut bɪtˈwin ˈjʊrəp ənd ˈeɪʒə. ðɪs smɔl ˈneɪʃən wɑz ðə ˈrulər əv ðə ˈɪndiən ˈoʊʃən fər əˈbaʊt 150 jɪrz ənd ðə ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz ˈlæŋgwɪʤ wɑz fər mɔr ðən 250 jɪrz ðə ˈtreɪdɪŋ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ (ˈlɪŋgwə ˈfræŋkə) əv ðə ˌeɪʒiˈætɪk koʊsts. æt ðə bɪˈgɪnɪŋ əv ðə ˈsɛnʧəri əˈnəðər smɔl ˈneɪʃən, ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈprɑvənsəz əv ˈnɛðərləndz tʊk ðə pleɪs əv ˈpɔrʧəgəl. ðə juˈnaɪtɪd ˈprɑvənsəz wɪθ ðə wɛst ənd ðə ist ˈɪndiə ˈkəmpəˌniz ðə (wɛst companie*) ənd ðə ˈkəmpəni) ruld ðə sin fər ˈnɪrli 150 jɪrz, ənˈtɪl ðə ˈkəmɪŋ əv ðə ˈɪŋlɪʃ paʊər. ˈæmstərˌdæm wɑz ðə kəˈmərʃəl ənd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈkæpɪtəl əv ðə hoʊl ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə ˈnɛðərləndz wɑz ðə ˈlidɪŋ kəˈmərʃəl ˈneɪʃən. frəm: ˈgloʊbəl wɛb saɪt: dəʧ, ˈpɔrʧəˌgiz ənd ˈəðər ˈmaɪnər ˌjʊrəˈpiən kəˈloʊniəl pəˈzɛʃənz tu ˈbætəlz əv ðə ˈmaʊri wɔrz ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ðɪs əˈkaʊnt əv ˈbætəlˌfild ˈvɪzɪts ˌɪnˈkludz ðə ˈbætəl əv "ðə pleɪs wɛr hɛdz ər ˌɪmˈpeɪld ɔn steɪks" frəm: nu ˈzilənd wɛb saɪt: tu ˈbætəlz əv ðə ˈmaʊri wɔrz ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri ɪn ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈmənˌdeɪ, æm ðɪs ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈlæŋgwɪʤ saɪt prəˈvaɪdz ən ɪkˈstɛnsɪv lɪst əv ˈbætəl əˈkaʊnts ənd ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri baɪˈɑgrəfiz, pləs ə ʃɔrt lɪst əv wɔrz ˈwərldˈwaɪd. ðə məˈtɪriəl ɪz biɪŋ ˈædɪd ˈgræʤuəli tɪ wət ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ʃʊd bi ə gʊd ˈoʊvərvˌju əv ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt. ɛz æt ɔkt 2002 pərˈhæps 10 əv ðə məˈtɪriəl wɑz ˈprɛzənt. frəm: ˈdɛnˌmɑrk wɛb saɪt: ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri ɪn ˈdeɪnɪʃ ˈəðər saɪts ɔn ðɪs ˈsəbʤɪkt ˈʤɛnərəl ˈhɪstəri lɪŋks ˈmənˌdeɪ, æm ˈhɪstəri ˈʧænəl ðə ˈhɪstəri pleɪs ˈspɑrtɑkəs ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl ˈɔnˌlaɪn kæmˈpeɪn fər ˈrædɪkəl truθ ɪn ˈhɪstəri ðə ˈhɪstəri gaɪ: hoʊm ˈhɛrɪtɪʤ ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən ˈsərvɪsɪz ə ˈmoʊmənt ɪn taɪm wɪθ dæn ˈrɑbərts wɛb saɪt: ˈʤɛnərəl ˈhɪstəri lɪŋks ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri baɪ ˈneɪʃən ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm frəm: ˈgloʊbəl wɛb saɪt: ɔn wɔr ðə ˈhɑrpər ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ðə ər ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈfæməli ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri fild, prəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvɛri ˈvæljəbəl wərks ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɪs ˈsɛmənəl wərk ˈpriviəsli ˈpəblɪʃt ɪn 1986 ɛz "ðə ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri". wɛb saɪt: ðə ˈhɑrpər ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri ðə dəpˈwi ˈɪnstɪˌtut ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ðə ər ðə moʊst ˈfeɪməs ˈfæməli ɪn ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri fild, prəˈdusɪŋ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈvɛri ˈvæljəbəl wərks ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðɛr ˈsɛmənəl "ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpidiə əv ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri", ə məst fər ðə ˈstədi əv ˈriʤənəl ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri. wɛb saɪt: ðə dəpˈwi ˈɪnstɪˌtut lɪŋks ˌfɔrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə wərld ˈθərzˌdeɪ, æm ə ˈnaɪsli ˈɪləˌstreɪtɪd ənd vi ɪkˈstɛnsɪv saɪt wɛb saɪt: ˌfɔrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz əv ðə wərld krəˈnɑləʤi əv ˈbætəlz æd 901 1905 ˈmənˌdeɪ, æm frəm: ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv ərˈlæŋgən wɛb saɪt: krəˈnɑləʤi əv ˈbætəlz æd 901 1905 lɪŋkt ˈoʊvərvˌju əv wərld ˈhɪstəri ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, æm frəm: ˈjʊrəp ənd ðə wərld wɛb saɪt: lɪŋkt ˈoʊvərvˌju əv wərld ˈhɪstəri fri ˈhoʊstɪŋ fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, piɛm wɛb saɪt: fri ˈhoʊstɪŋ fər ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈwɛbˌsaɪts ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈtaɪmlaɪn ˈtuzˌdeɪ, æm ən ˈɛksələnt ˈrisɔrs baɪ ˈkrɪstəbəl ˈælvərˌɛz ənd wɛb saɪt: ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri tɛkˈnɑləʤi ˈtaɪmlaɪn ðə wɔr ˈskɑlər ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, piɛm ðɪs ˈvɛri ˈtaɪmlaɪn ɪz pərˈzɛnəd ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ gɪv ðə ˈjuzər ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ si wət ˈmeɪʤər ˈkɑnflɪkts wər goʊɪŋ ɔn əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb ɪn ˈɛni ˈgɪvɪn jɪr ər taɪm ˈpɪriəd. wɪθ ðə ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈkɑnflɪkts ðət mæn həz bɪn ɪnˈgeɪʤd ɪn ˈoʊvər ðə pæst jɪrz əv rɪˈkɔrdɪd ˈhɪstəri, aɪ hæv bɪn ˈeɪbəl tɪ ˌɪnˈklud ðə ˈmeɪʤər wənz ənd ˈmɛni əv ðə ˈmaɪnər wənz. ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ ˈprɑʤɛkt wɪʧ wɪl teɪk ə greɪt dil əv taɪm tɪ ˈfɪnɪʃ bət, ɪn ðə ˈminˌwaɪl, ɪt stɪl dɪz ˈprɛzənt səm ˈvɛri ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən. fər iʧ ˈkɑnflɪkt, aɪ hæv traɪd tɪ ˈprɛzənt ə lɪŋk tɪ ə ˈrɛləvənt ˈlɪstɪŋ æt www.britannica.com*. ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, ɪt teɪks ə bɪt əv ˈrɛdɪŋ tɪ faɪnd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɔn ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt wɪˈθɪn ðə ˈlɪstɪŋ prəˈvaɪdɪd baɪ brɪˈtænɪkə. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈlɪstɪŋz ər ˈkələr ˈkoʊdɪd əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈkɑntənənt ɔn wɪʧ ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt occured*. maɪ ˈpraɪˌmɛri sɔrs əv ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ɪz ʤɔrʤ si. ˈdɪkʃəˌnɛri əv wɔrz. wɛb saɪt: ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ˈhɪstəri ˈtaɪmlaɪn əv wɔr ənd ˈkɑnflɪkt əˈkrɔs ðə gloʊb 3000 b.c*. tɪ a.d*. 1999 pɔl ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, æm ðə ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈhɪstəri ər kəˈlɛkʃənz əv ˈpəblɪk doʊˈmeɪn ənd hɪˈstɔrɪkəl tɛksts pərˈzɛnəd ˈklinli (wɪˈθaʊt ˈædvərˌtaɪzɪŋ ər ɪkˈsɛsɪv leɪaʊt) fər ˌɛʤəˈkeɪʃənəl juz. ə ˈwəndərfəl saɪt, wɪθ lɪŋks tɪ ˌɪnˈkrɛdəbəl ˈeɪnʧənt tɛksts ɔn ðə ˈgɑθɪk ənd wɔrz, tɪ neɪm ʤɪst tu ˈtɑpɪks aʊt əv ˈhənərdz. ɪt ˈivɪn lʊks məʧ ˈnaɪsər ðən ɪt juzd tɪ!!! frəm: ˈfɔrdəm ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈjuˈɛˈseɪ
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this page was last updated on: may 27, 2018
dedicated to my parents, and to the late great don featherstone (d. 2013) whose books introduced me to military history at a young age, this is a site for keen amateur military historians who, when visiting any particular region of the globe, like to be aware of the conflicts which have been fought there over the centuries. it will also appeal to the child in all of us, who enjoys reading of momentous deeds in far-off and exotic places. but it is not intended to glamourise war; many of the texts on the site reveal the ultimate futility of the activity. there is a fundamental question however which arises in all study of war: why do they do it? if this site can provide some tentative answers, then it will have gone far above and beyond my ambitions for it. i am greatly indebted to webmasters who have preceded me, but hope that they find this overview useful in their own endeavours.
some battles in deserts:
talas river? kasserine pass chaco war polisario toyota wars in chad dharfur omdurman & khartoum campaigns german colonial campaigns in namibia raphia battle of the pyramids tobruk wadi halfa alamo apache wars mongol campaigns alexanders march through the great salt desert of persia zama bagradas first battle of el alamein second battle of el alamein battle of asal uttar battle of longewala battle of basantar somalian civil wars somali ¿ ethiopian war ethiopian ¿ eritrean war italian colonial campaigns in horn of africa french foreign legion in west africa pacific war 1879 and other campaigns in the atacama desert of chile gaugamela daras carrhae lawrence of arabia qadisiya arsuf hattin sinai campaigns 1973 etc. suez campaign egyptian campaigns against punt and nubia
from: worldwide
web site: wikipedia
war chronology 13000 bc to 2004 thursday, 1/25/07, 9:26 am
from: global
web site: twt
aerial warfare wednesday, 11/8/06, 4:13 am
web site: twt
lesser known battles of the world monday, 4/24/06, 10:43 am
web site: the war tourist
battles of the world tuesday, 3/28/06, 4:33 am
basic details of about 1000 land and sea battles here.
web site: thewartourist
wars of the world tuesday, 3/28/06, 4:14 am
abyssinian war ethiopia abyssinian war italy afghan pakistan war algerian war france algerian war america mexico war america mexico war usa america spain war america spain war usa angevin war france angevin war germany angles sth britain war england anglo afghan war, 3rd afghanistan anglo boer war, 2nd great britain anglo boer war, 2nd south africa anglo dutch wars, 1st england anglo dutch wars, 1st holland anglo dutch wars, 2nd england anglo dutch wars, 2nd france anglo dutch wars, 2nd germany anglo dutch wars, 2nd holland anglo dutch wars, 3rd england anglo dutch wars, 3rd france anglo dutch wars, 3rd germany anglo dutch wars, 3rd holland anglo dutch wars england anglo spanish war england arab israeli war jordan argentina uruguay war argentina argentina uruguay war italy austria prussia war austria austria prussia war germany austria turkey war austria austria turkey war germany austria turkey war great britain austria turkey war poland austria turkey war turkey aztec war spain balkan war, 2nd romania balkan wars, 1st bulgaria balkan wars, 1st greece balkan wars, 1st romania balkan wars, 1st serbia balkan wars, 1st turkey balkan wars, 2nd romania balkan wars, 2nd turkey balkan wars great britain balkan wars serbia balkan wars turkey bengal war great britain bernicia deira war england bernicia north'ria war england bishops war, 1st england bishops war, 1st scotland bishops war, 2nd england bishops war, 2nd scotland black hawk war usa boer war boer war germany boer war great britain boer war south africa bohemian war, 2nd germany bolivian guerrilla war boshin war japan brazil argentina war brazil britain afghan war afghanistan britain afghan war great britain britain china war great britain britain egypt war great britain britain india war great britain britainlu war south africa briton angles war england briton bernicia war england briton jute war england briton saxon war england brittany dynastic war france bulgaria serbia war burmese war, 1st great britain burmese war, 2nd myanmar byzantine war greece byzantine war turkey carlist war spain carnatic war, 1st great britain carnatic war, 2nd great britain castille granada war spain chaco war great britain china japan war china china japan war japan china manchuria war china china mongols war mongolia china mongol war mongolia china se asia war china china taiwan war china china taiwan war usa china tibet war china china turkey war china civil war afghanistan civil war angola civil war armenia roman empire civil war austria hungary civil war bavaria germany civil war chad civil war chile civil war china civil war costa rica civil war denmark denmark civil war dom rep dominican rep civil war empire czech rep civil war empire france civil war empire germany civil war england france civil war england civil war england germany civil war england scotland civil war france civil war germany civil war gold coast gold coast civil war greece civil war holland civil war honduras civil war hungary civil war india civil war indonesia civil war iraq iraq civil war ireland civil war italy civil war japan civil war mexico civil war mexico usa civil war mongolia civil war muslims iraq civil war myanmar civil war nicaragua usa civil war nigeria civil war northumbria england civil war norway civil war poland civil war roman empire civil war roman empire germany civil war russia civil war scotland england civil war scotland civil war somalia civil war spain civil war spain germany civil war sweden civil war syria roman empire civil war usa civil war vietnam civil war wales civil war wessex england congo war, 1st crimean war austria crimean war france crimean war great britain crimean war italy crimean war russia crimean war turkey cvil war poland poland cyprus genoa war cyprus war dalriada bernicia war england dalriada bernicia war sc
web site: world history database
military disasters & blunders thursday, 3/2/06, 10:36 am
web site: answers.com
battles by country thursday, 3/2/06, 10:26 am
a growing list here, which appears to be imported from wikipedia. especially comprehensive at present for belgium, russia, ukraine, venezuela, romania, and poland
web site: answers.com
mountain warfare thursday, 3/2/06, 10:20 am
web site: answers.com
battles by country wednesday, 3/1/06, 10:58 am
wikipedia is now host to a very eclectic and fast growing collection of battle descriptions from some of the more exotic empires and regions of world history, including peru, costa rica, kongo, mali, azerbaijan, the timurid caliphate and the vijayanagar empire. watch this space ¿and, better still, contribute some material ¿ this is a collective endeavour!!
from: worldwide
web site: wikipedia
great battles of history friday, 6/10/05, 6:48 am
web site: robert radford
lists of battles by country thursday, 3/10/05, 10:52 am
a most extensive and growing list on this collaborative encyclopedia site [see also wikipedia], although only a few countries sparsely covered at present.
web site: indopedia
lists of wars and battles thursday, 3/10/05, 10:45 am
a most extensive and growing list on this collaborative encyclopedia site [see also wikipedia];has worldwide coverage including wars in new zealand, france, guinea and romania to name but a few
web site: indopedia
ancient battlefields as they look now thursday, 3/10/05, 10:03 am
20 or more battlefields photographed here in glorious colour
from: mediterranean
web site: livius
acoustical shadows and ¿marching to the sound of the guns¿ tuesday, 3/8/05, 6:55 am
¿students of military history know that acoustic refraction and unusual audibility have often played significant roles in the outcome of battles. before electrical andeless communications became common on the tactical level, the sound of battle was often the quickest and most efficient method by which a commander could judge the course of a battle. troop dispositions were often made based on the relative intensity of the sounds from different locations on the battlefield. unusual acoustics due to atmospheric conditions or to terrain are sometimes given the catch-all name "acoustic shadows." the first recorded incidence of the phenomenon occurred during the four-day battle in 1666. the naval battle was fought between the coasts of england and holland, and sounds of the battle were heard clearly at many points throughout england but not at intervening points. passengers on a yacht positioned between the battle and england heard nothing. guns fired at the funeral of queen victoria in london in 1901 were heard in scotland, but not across a wide region in between. the german bombardment of antwerp in world war i was heard clearly for a 30-mile radius, then beyond 60 miles from the belgian city, but not in between¿ ¿thus commences this fascinating essay from a rather unusual source, which concentrates on incidents in the acw.
from: america
web site: acoustical society of america
large battle list wednesday, 12/29/04, 10:05 am
a very large listing of battles, with some good breakdowns too, eg chinese battles, although the battles geographically section is at present skeletal only. presumably many contributors to the site.
from: global
web site: the free dictionary
chronology of 2500 battles tuesday, 12/14/04, 12:05 pm
includes naval engagements
from: worldwide
web site: the war tourist
war heroes tuesday, 12/14/04, 11:06 am
some well known ¿heroes¿ are listed here!!
web site: masterliness.com
some interesting battles friday, 7/23/04, 9:54 am
web page date battle 1868 alcolea 1364 auray 1866 cunpayti 1826 ganja 1479 guinegate 1862 luka 0351 mursa 1864 opequan 1780 perembacum 1185 strymon river 1408 tongres 1848 veleneze africa 1896 dongola africa 1882 tel el kebir balkans 1620 jassy balkans 1877 loftcha balkans 1679 zenta eurasia 1769 dneister river eurasia 1622 kotzin eurasia 1628 wolgast europe 0533 ad decium europe 0394 aquileia far east 1850 inchon far east 1937 p¿inghshinkuan far east 1876 shirogawa france 1589 arques france 1544 boulogne france 1649 palais gallien france 1211 and 1632 castelnaudary france 1870 chevilly india 1781 sholingur italy 1448 caravaggio italy 1515 marignano italy 1260 monte aperto italy 0489 verona italy 1860 castelfidardo north america 1813 erie north america 1758 grants hill north america 1781 lynn haven bay north america 1814 plattsburg
from: global
world battles from a to z thursday, 1/8/04, 5:38 am
several thousands listed here, courtesy of tonto
web site: world battles from a to z
ancient mediterranean battles tuesday, 7/8/03, 11:46 am
marathon ilios plataea carducian defile ectabana thermopylae day 1 admagetobriga platea thermopylae day 2 veni vidi vici darius trilogy - part 1 thermopylae day 3 epipolae darius trilogy - part 2 leuctra darius trilogy - part 3 first mantinea maiden castle canaxa second mantinea crassus in carrhae nemea second coronea caesar avenges crassus alesia order vs chaos carthago i plains of troy dastira battle of gondor pharsalus plain hannibal at tagus hamilcar's defile battle of utica battle of tunes hannibal at the rhone hannibal at the white rock hannibal at the ticinus hannibal at chevelu pass hannibal - battle of geronium hannibal - first battle at nola hannibal - second battle at nola hannibal - third battle at nola hannibal - first battle at capua hannibal - first battle at herdonia hannibal - second battle at capua hannibal - second battle at herdonia hannibal - battle of numistro battle of crannon battle of ipsus battle of corupedion battle of lisymacheia battle of the elephants
from: ancient mediterranean
web site: great battles of history
15 decisive battles of the western world tuesday, 7/8/03, 11:27 am
the complete text of c 150pp is here
from: metaurus to valmy
web site: creasy
all empires tuesday, 7/8/03, 10:46 am
a wonderfully eccentric but beautifully graphic site covering some exotic subjects such as zand, samanid and gokturk empires. check it out!!
web site: all empires
ancmed list wednesday, 4/9/03, 5:05 am
this email list is intended for those interested in military history of the ancient and medieval periods, up to about 1500 ad. discussion of any aspect of ancient and medieval wargaming, wargames rules and history is welcome. although set up by the society of ancients, the list is open to all, not just soa members.
web site: soa
1up travel friday, 12/13/02, 7:03 am
european and pacific theaters - including many from china and se asia
web site: maps of world war 2
1421- the year china discovered the world. tuesday, 11/19/02, 5:37 am
this website has been set up to coincide with the launch of the landmark historical work "1421- the year china discovered the world". the site contains information about the four major voyages of the ocean going junks around the world, 60 odd years before columbus, and a searchable database of new evidence supporting the key theories. you can contribute evidence via the contact form or join the messageboard and mailing list. latest news: uk launch of 1421.., shipwreck found in australia.., excavation of the newport round tower.
from: global.
web site: gavin menzies, captain, royal navy
battles 1400bc - present wednesday, 11/13/02, 11:42 am
a goodly number of battles are already covered here, and u can add your own details to the others, since this is an interactive encyclopedia!! a truly fantastic collaborative resource for military historians.
from: global
web site: wikipedia
zheng he's voyages and probable colonisation of the americas thursday, 11/7/02, 3:30 am
in 1421, 71 years before columbus, and following in the footsteps of the earlier viking explorers, the ming dynasty navigator zheng he [also known as cheng ho] and his associates departed in a fleet of multimasted junks to explore, settle and build cities in arabia, australasia, oceania, and probably in the americas, north and south. some evidence of these feats was destroyed by rivals at the ming court. the remaining evidence was routinely ignored for many years by conformist academic historians, not wishing to make waves, until the british daily telegraph published the evidence collected by the retired submarine commander gavin menzies in march 2002. the following sites are informative: maritime lanka - the trilingual inscription of admiral zheng he wikipedia - zheng he activities related to the 600th anniversary of zheng he chinavoc.com - the ming dynasty: zheng he and his voyages china the beautiful - the great chinese mariner zheng he msn encarta - zheng he timeasia.com - the next asian journey 2001 admiral of the western seas - cheng ho xinhua news agency - chinese explorer may redraw map of history nova online - sultan's lost treasure, ancient chinese explorers
from: ming china
web site: zheng he's voyages and probable colonisation of the americas
german colonial warfare tuesday, 11/5/02, 5:38 am
this site has numerous good links, but is in german!!
web site: german colonial warfare
five british battles, 1805-1951 friday, 11/1/02, 10:19 am
trafalgar to korea five british battles, 1805-1951 uk: covers also egypt 1882, d day, & the crimea. this site was created by the public record office. it forms part of their pathways to the past online exhibitions and learning packages section. it provides access to information on the causes, nature and consequences of five important british battles: trafalgar (1805), crimea (1854), egypt (1882), d-day landings and the second world war (1944) and the korean war (1951). each section includes analysis of the conflict plus access to digitised images of primary source documents from the public record office collections. these include: government papers, original letters, articles and eye-witness accounts. film and video footage of the conflicts is also accessible. the site also includes a section which provides details for members of the public on how to trace british military service records.
from: uk
web site: five british battles, 1805-1951
history of the rifled cannon thursday, 10/31/02, 9:33 am
the rifled cannon is not as recent a discovery as people are generally inclined to suppose. there is one at berlin bearing upon its escutcheon the unclear date of either 1564 or 1664 the year in which it was built. it is made with forged iron, has thirteen grooves inside, and a screw at its breech. models of the same kind and forged in the same country, are also to be seen at munich and in other german cities. studies on the construction of rifled cannon were not made in germany alone, but were also theject of much attention in england and france. writers on gunnery speak of a two-pounder rifled gun, tried for the first time in england in the year 1776 for the purpose of reducing toedience the american rebels.
web site: the artilleryman magazine
indonesian history thursday, 10/31/02, 7:37 am
this is a detailed and visually attractive timeline of indonesian history from earliest times. see also the following sites: jakarta - charles's indonesia page irian jaya embassy of indonesia sights & sounds 1upinfo - indonesian history indonesia - historical timeline indonesian heritage the jakarta post the history of indonesia indonesia - world history archive yayasan orphans international indonesia - indonesian history
from: indonesia
web site: sejarah indonesia
resources for the study of military history wednesday, 10/30/02, 10:52 am
from: here
web site: blood on the grass resource page
women at war through history wednesday, 10/30/02, 10:50 am
now here's a site to stir up some trouble!! throughout history war and fighting have been seen as men's activities, however women have always been involved in battles and sieges, not to mention duels, prizefights and so on. the most common occasion on which women would take part in battles was when their home, castle or town was attacked. a medieval lady would have expected to take charge of defence in her husband's absence. see for example matilda of tuscany. some exceptional women like boudiccia and joan of arc also led attacking armies. there were also a few women disguised as male soldiers or sailors through the ages.
from: out of the kitchen!!
web site: women at war through history
dutch, portuguese and other minor european colonial possessions tuesday, 10/29/02, 11:58 am
anywhere on the coasts of asia, america and africa you can find a fort, a church, a geographical name or a family name, that come from portugal. these are the remains of the first european country that explored the world in search of spices and souls. afonso de albuquerque's dream, was an infusion of portuguese blood in each of the colonies. as the dutch governor antonio van diemen said in 1642 : "most of the portuguese in asia look upon this region as their fatherland, and think no more about portugal". in xvth century a small nation as portugal began to explore the atlantic ocean , since 1415 (conquest of ceuta, morocco) the portuguese explored the african's coasts in search of a road to the east; and in 1487 bartolomeu dias doubled the cape of good hope. after ten years (1497-1499) vasco de gama arrived in india (18 may 1498), and opened a new trading route between europe and asia. this small nation was the ruler of the indian ocean for about 150 years and the portuguese language was for more than 250 years the trading language (lingua franca) of the asiatic coasts. at theing of the xvii century another small nation, the united provinces of netherlands took the place of portugal. the united provinces with the west and the east india companies the wic (west indische companie) and the voc (vereenigde oostindische compagnie) ruled the scene for nearly 150 years, until the coming of the english power. amsterdam was the commercial and financial capital of the whole europe and the netherlands was the leading commercial nation.
from: global
web site: dutch, portuguese and other minor european colonial possessions
two battles of the maori wars tuesday, 10/29/02, 10:35 am
this account of battlefield visits includes the battle of turuturu-mokai "the place where heads are impaled on stakes" !!
from: new zealand
web site: two battles of the maori wars
military history in danish monday, 10/28/02, 7:20 am
this danish language site provides an extensive list of battle accounts and international military biographies, plus a short list of wars worldwide. the material isng added gradually to what eventually should be a good overview of the subject. as at oct 2002, perhaps 10% of the material was present.
from: denmark
web site: military history in danish
other sites on this subject www.milhist.dk
general history links monday, 10/28/02, 6:59 am
thehistorynet www.thehistorynet.com history channel www.historychannel.com the history place www.historyplace.com spartacus educational www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/fwwtitle.html hyperhistory online www.hyperhistory.com campaign for radical truth in history www.hoffman-info.com the history guy: home www.historyguy.com heritage preservation services www.cr.nps.gov a moment in time with dan roberts www.amomentintime.com historylinks historylinks.freeservers.com
web site: general history links
military history by nation thursday, 10/24/02, 11:19 am
from: global
web site: on war
the harper encyclopedia of military history thursday, 10/24/02, 11:08 am
the dupuys are the most famous family in the military history field, producing a number of very valuable works including this seminal work previously published in 1986 as "the encyclopedia of military history".
web site: the harper encyclopedia of military history
the dupuy institute thursday, 10/24/02, 11:07 am
the dupuys are the most famous family in the military history field, producing a number of very valuable works including their seminal "encyclopedia of military history", a must for the study of regional military history.
web site: the dupuy institute milhist links
fortifications of the world thursday, 10/24/02, 11:00 am
a nicely illustrated and v extensive site
web site: fortifications of the world
chronology of battles ad 901 - 1905 monday, 10/21/02, 9:44 am
from: university of erlangen
web site: chronology of battles ad 901 - 1905
linked overview of world history 1475-1599 friday, 7/5/02, 5:00 am
from: europe and the world
web site: linked overview of world history 1475-1599
free hosting for military websites friday, 5/24/02, 12:48 pm
web site: free hosting for military websites
military technology timeline tuesday, 5/21/02, 11:04 am
an excellent resource by cristobal alvarez and warscholar.com
web site: military technology timeline
the war scholar friday, 5/17/02, 12:13 pm
this very colourful timeline is presented in order to give the user the ability to see what major conflicts were going on across the globe in any given year or time period. with the thousands of conflicts that man has been engaged in over the past 5,000+ years of recorded history, i have been able to include the major ones and many of the minor ones. this is an ongoing project which will take a great deal of time to finish but, in the meanwhile, it still does present some very interesting information. for each conflict, i have tried to present a link to a relevant listing at www.britannica.com. in some cases, it takes a bit of reading to find information on the conflict within the listing provided by britannica. in addition, the listings are color coded according to the continent on which the conflict occured. my primary source of information is george c. kohn's dictionary of wars.
web site: a military history timeline of war and conflict across the globe 3000 b.c. to a.d. 1999
paul halsall friday, 5/17/02, 10:22 am
the internet history sourcebooks are collections of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts presented cleanly (without advertising or excessive layout) for educational use. a wonderful site, with links to incredible ancient texts on the gothic and hunnic wars, to name just two topics out of hundreds. it even looks much nicer than it used to!!!
from: fordham university usa
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vɔn ˈwɔltər klɑts dɑs (stgb*) dɪ 2012 kræft treten*. ən seɪn stɛl trɪt ˈɔlər deutschlands*, tun*. dɪ daɪ ənd dər ˈmɔrgən ən. "ˈdɔɪʧlænd dər dər wɛlt! dər bevormundende*, stɑt geschichte*", (fdp*). mæn dər setzende*, ˈflɛksəbəl gefunden*. "baɪm ˈoʊdər dər hæt ˈdaɪzɪz ˈɪnstrəmənt ˈoʊdər gɑr ʃɑn bewährt*." ˈfridrɪk (csu*) erklärte*, ɔʧ daɪ ˈɛˈmaɪˈti, ˈfeɪsˌbʊk ˈoʊdər ˈgugəl strit vju, üüberzeugt*: læŋ diskutieren*, ˈlæsən ʃɑn festlegen*, si müssen*. ənd darauf*, dæs daɪ ən daɪ ˈwərdən si." ənd nən vil ˈgɛrɪnʤər, grɪf daɪ dɛn ˈfeɪdən. "ˈbɪʃər dər stɑt daɪ dər ənd polizei*, ənd ausgeben*. aɪn dɪ bürgers*, ər daɪ hæt." ˈfridrɪk davor*, dɛn stɑt. fɔlz bɪs 2020 daɪ dər ˈoʊdər ˈdɪrən würde*, skɑrf denkbar*: "dɑs vɔn bɪs vɔn gesetzen*." (ˈɛˈmaɪˈti genehmigung*): postillon”*”
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von walter klotz
das strafgesetzbuch (stgb) wird zu beginn des jahres 2012 außer kraft treten. an seine stelle tritt eine freiwillige selbstverpflichtung aller einwohner deutschlands, nichts böses zu tun. diese bahnbrechende weiterentwicklung des deutschen rechtssystems kündigten die bundesjustizministerin und der bundesinnenminister heute morgen bei einer gemeinsamen pressekonferenz an.
"deutschland wird der modernste rechtsstaat der welt! der bevormundende, verbietende staat ist geschichte", schwärmte justizministerin leutheusser-schnarrenberger (fdp). man habe stattdessen eine auf eigenverantwortung der menschen setzende, flexible lösung gefunden. "beim umweltschutz oder jüngst bei der frauenquote hat sich dieses instrument zur vermeidung allzu klarer oder gar verbindlicher regelungen schon bewährt."
innenminister friedrich (csu) erklärte, nach anfänglichen bedenken hätten auch ihn die positiven erfahrungen mit privaten unternehmen, etwa bei facebook oder bei google street view, überzeugt: "statt lange zu diskutieren, lassen wir konzerne schon seit jahren selbst festlegen, woran sie sich halten müssen. und wir vertrauen darauf, dass die unternehmen sich an die knallharten regeln halten werden – schließlich kontrollieren sie sich dabei selbst."
kontrollaufwand und -kosten seien nun viel geringer, griff die justizministerin den faden auf. "bisher musste der staat die einhaltung der gesetze überwachen und milliarden für polizei, gerichte und gefängnisse ausgeben. künftig genügt ein einfacher jährlicher rechenschaftsbericht des bürgers, ob er gegen die selbstverpflichtung verstoßen hat."
abschließend warnte friedrich davor, den staat für naiv zu halten. falls bis 2020 nicht mindestens die hälfte der einwohner eine selbstverpflichtungserklärung abgegeben habe oder zu große laxheit bei deren einhaltung festgestellt würde, seien scharfe staatliche sanktionen denkbar: "das spektrum reicht von ermahnenden gesprächen bis hin zur einführung von für jedermann verbindlichen gesetzen."
quelle (mit freundlicher genehmigung): “der postillon”
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ˈskɑlər, ˈæktɪvɪst, provocateur*, ˈtiʧər, community-builder*, ˌɪnspərˈeɪʃən: noʊ wən wərd kən spæn ðə kərɪr əv bɛl hʊks ər ˈkæpʧər haʊ məʧ wi ləv hər wərk. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ mɪz. readers’*’ səˈlɛkʃənz əv ðə bɛst ˈfɛmənɪst nɑnˈfɪkʃən əv ɔl taɪm, jʊr ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈraɪtər, wɪθ θri bʊks ɪn ɑr tɔp ˈnəmbər ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈsɛvən bʊks θruaʊt ðə lɪst. tɪ ʤəʤ baɪ ðə ˈfaɪnəl pɪks, ˈɪʃuz əv wərk, sɛks ənd ræŋkt haɪəst əˈməŋ ɑr ˈfɛmənɪst kənˈsərnz. bɪˈloʊ ðə tɔp tɛn, ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə ˈhændi lɪst əv ɔl 100 ðiz ˈræŋkɪŋz keɪm frəm wiks əv ˈridər ˈvoʊtɪŋ ɔn, ðə mɪz. blɔg ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk (si ˈbɑtəm fər mɔr ˌmɛθədəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈditeɪlz). ˈigər tɪ hir jʊr θɔts, dɪˈspjuts ənd ˈfeɪvərɪts! 10 ðə ˈpjʊrɪti mɪθ: haʊ əbˈsɛʃən wɪθ vərˈʤɪnɪti ɪz ˈhərtɪŋ jəŋ ˈwɪmən baɪ ˈʤɛsɪkə vɑˈlɛnˌti sil prɛs, 2009 ˈʤɛsɪkə vɑˈlɛnˌti kəmˈbæts ə vərˈʤɪnɪti ˈkɑmplɛks, ˈɑrgjuɪŋ ðət mɪθs əˈbaʊt ““purity”*” ər ˈdæmɪʤɪŋ tɪ boʊθ gərlz ənd ˈwɪmən. ʃi pɔɪnts ðə weɪ ˈfɔrwərd təˈwɔrd ə wərld wɛr ˈwɪmən ər pərˈsivd ɛz mɔr ðən ˈvɛsəlz əv ˈʧæstəti. faɪnd ɪt hir. 9 ˈfɛmənɪst ˈθɪri: frəm ˈmɑrʤən tɪ ˈsɛnər baɪ bɛl hʊks saʊθ ɛnd prɛs, 1985 sɪˈmɛntɪŋ hər pleɪs ɛz wən əv ðə moʊst ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl ˈfɛmənɪst θiərɪsts, hooks’*’ ˈfɛmənɪst ˈθɪri ɪkˈsplɔrz aɪˈdiə əv: ðə weɪ ˈreɪˌsɪzəm, ənd ˈsɛksɪzəm wərk təˈgɛðər tɪ ˈfɑstər əˈprɛʃən. faɪnd ɪt hir. 8 aɪ ə ˈwʊmən: blæk ˈwɪmən ənd ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm baɪ bɛl hʊks saʊθ ɛnd prɛs, 1999 neɪmd ˈæftər ðə ˈfeɪməs spiʧ baɪ ˈsoʊʤərnər truθ, ðɪs baɪ bɛl hʊks dɪˈskəsɪz blæk ˈstrəgəl wɪθ juz. ˈreɪˌsɪzəm ənd ˈsɛksɪzəm sɪns ðə taɪm əv sˈleɪvəri ənd ʃərk frəm haʊ waɪt ˈmɪdəl- ənd ˈfɛmənɪsts hæv æt taɪmz feɪld pur ənd ˈnɑnˈwaɪt ˈwɪmən. faɪnd ɪt hir. 7 ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈʃoʊvənəst pɪgz: ˈwɪmən ənd ðə raɪz əv ˈkəlʧər baɪ ˈɛriəl ˈlɛvi fri prɛs, 2005 wət du fəˈnɑmənə səʧ ɛz gərlz gɔn waɪld seɪ əˈbaʊt ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm? ðɪs bʊk lʊks æt ðə weɪz ˈwɪmən təˈdeɪ meɪk sɛks ˈɑbʤɛkts əv ðɛmˈsɛlvz, ənd nɑt ˌɪmˈprɛst. ʃi ʧuz aʊt fɔls ““empowerment”*” beɪst ɔn ənd ˈɔfərz ˈfɛmənɪst ɔlˈtərnətɪvz. faɪnd ɪt hir. 6 ˈbæˌklæʃ: ðə əndɪˈklɛrd wɔr əˈgɛnst əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɪmən baɪ ˈsuzən kraʊn, 1991 ðɪs ˈlændˌmɑrk bʊk ˈsaʊndɪd ðə əˈlɑrm əˈbaʊt ə pərˈveɪsɪv ˈbæˌklæʃ əˈgɛnst ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm. ʃi ˈpeɪnˌsteɪkɪŋli rɪfˈjuts iʧ ˌɪnˈsɪˌdiəs ˈɪnstəns, ðət ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər ə səˈpoʊzd ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk əv ənˈhæpinɪs ɪn ˈwɪmən. ˈrɪli rɔŋ, ʃi sɪz, ɪz ðət ɪkˈwɑləti bɪn əˈʧivd; ɪn fækt, ðə ˈstrəgəl həz ˈoʊnli ʤɪst ˈbeɪgən. faɪnd ɪt hir. 5 ˈnɪkəl ənd baɪ ˈbɑrbərə ˈɛrɪnraɪk ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən bʊks, 2001 mɪz. ˈkɑləmnəst ˈbɑrbərə ˈɛrɪnraɪk poʊzd ˌəndərˈkəvər ɛz ə ˌloʊˈɪnkəm ˈwərkər tɪ geɪn məˈtɪriəl fər ðɪs ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk ˈpɔrtrət əv haʊ ðə ˈbɑtəm hæf lɪvz. ʃi rɪˈvilz ðət ˈsɪmpli ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɛndz mit ɪz ə ˈsaɪlənt ˈstrəgəl fər ˈmɛni əˈmɛrɪkənz, əˈspɛʃəli fər ˈwɪmən wɪθ ˈfæməliz tɪ səˈpɔrt. faɪnd ɪt hir. 4 ə rum əv oʊn baɪ vərˈʤɪnjə wʊlf ˈhɑrˌkɔrt breɪs, 1929 ðɪs ˈklæsɪk frəm ðə meɪks ə ˈdɛvəˌsteɪtɪŋli ˈɛləkwənt ˈɑrgjəmənt wɪθ ə ˈsɪmpəl takeaway*: fər ə ˈwɪmən ˈɑrtɪst tɪ θraɪv, ʃi məst hæv speɪs ɪn wɪʧ tɪ wərk ənd səm ˈməni fər hər ˈɛfərts. faɪnd ɪt hir. 3 ˈsɪstər aʊtˈsaɪdər: ˈɛˌseɪz ənd ˈspiʧɪz baɪ ˈkrɔsɪŋ prɛs, 1984 ðɪs ˈmæstər wərk baɪ, ə ˌkɛrɪˈbiən əˈmɛrɪkən ˈlɛzbiən ˈfɛmənɪst ˈraɪtər, kəˈlɛkts hər proʊz frəm ðə leɪt ənd ˈərli 80s*. ˈmɛni əv ðiz ˈpisɪz meɪd ˈfɛmənɪst ˈhɪstəri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ hər ˈkændɪd ˈdaɪəˌlɔg wɪθ ɑdriˈɛn rɪʧ əˈbaʊt reɪs ənd ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm, hər krɪˈtik əv ˌækəˈdimiə tulz wɪl ˈnɛvər dɪsˈmænəl ðə house”*” ənd hər ˈoʊpən ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈmɛri ˈdeɪli. faɪnd ɪt hir. 2 kənt: ə ˌdɛklərˈeɪʃən əv ˌɪndɪˈpɛndəns baɪ ˈiŋgə sil prɛs 2002 ˈiŋgə 2002 ˈfɛmənɪst ˌmænɪˈfɛˌstoʊ ˈrædɪkəˌlaɪzd ə nu ˌʤɛnərˈeɪʃən. ʃi ˈɑrgjuz fər ðə riˈkleɪmɪŋ əv ðə ˈtɑrnɪʃt wərd kənt, ənd dɪˈskəsɪz hər ˈpərsɪnəl ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪθ self-protection*, sɛks wərk, əˈbɔrʃən ənd ˌsɑləˈdɛrəti. faɪnd ɪt hir. 1 ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ɪz fər ˈɛvriˌbɑdi: ˈpæʃənət ˈpɑləˌtɪks baɪ bɛl hʊks saʊθ ɛnd prɛs, 2000 ˈfɪtɪŋli, ɪn mɪz. readers’*’ ˈfeɪvərɪt ˈfɛmənɪst bʊk əv ɔl taɪm, bɛl hʊks ˈɑrgjuz ðət ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ɪz fər ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, rəˈgɑrdləs əv reɪs, ˈʤɛndər ər krid. ʃi ˈərʤɪz ɔl tɪ lɪv ə ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ðət faɪndz ˌkɑməˈnæləti əˈkrɔs ˈdɪfərənsɪz ənd meɪks rum fər ˌɪmˈpæʃənd dəˈbeɪt. faɪnd ɪt hir. hir ər ðə rɛst əv ɑr readers’*’ pɪks! klɪk ɔn ðə lɪŋks tɪ iʧ tɛn fər mɔr dɪˈteɪld dɪˈskrɪpʃənz. bʊks 11 jɛs minz jɛs: ˈvɪʒənz əv ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈsɛkʃuəl paʊər ənd ə wərld wɪˈθaʊt reɪp baɪ ˈʤæklɪn ˈfridmən ənd ˈʤɛsɪkə vɑˈlɛnˌti faɪnd ɪt hir. 12 ðə ˈsɛkənd sɛks baɪ sɪˈmoʊn də faɪnd ɪt hir. 13 fʊl ˈfrəntəl ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm: ə jəŋ gaɪd tɪ waɪ ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ˈmætərz baɪ ˈʤɛsɪkə vɑˈlɛnˌti faɪnd ɪt hir. 14 ɑr ˈbɑdiz, ɑrˈsɛlvz baɪ ðə ˈbɔstən hɛlθ kəˈlɛktɪv faɪnd ɪt hir. 15 həˈvænə ril baɪ faɪnd ɪt hir. 16 ˈwɪpɪŋ gərl: ə trænˈsɛkʃjuəl ˈwʊmən ɔn ˈsɛksɪzəm ənd ðə ˈskeɪpˌgoʊtɪŋ əv ˌfɛməˈnɪnəti baɪ ˈʤuljə faɪnd ɪt hir. 17 ðə vəˈʤaɪnə ˈmɑnəˌlɔgz baɪ iv faɪnd ɪt hir. 18 pərˈsɛpələs 1 2 ðə kəmˈplit pərˈsɛpələs baɪ satrapi*. faɪnd ɪt hir ənd hir. 19 ðə ˈbjuti mɪθ: haʊ ˈɪmɪʤɪz əv ˈbjuti ər juzd əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən baɪ neɪˈoʊmi wʊlf faɪnd ɪt hir. 20 ðə ˈfɛmənən mɪˈstik baɪ ˈbɛti ˈfridən faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 21 manifesta*: jəŋ ˈwɪmən, ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm, ənd ðə fˈjuʧər baɪ ˈʤɛnəfər ˈbɑmˌgɑrdnər ənd ˈeɪmi ˈrɪʧərdz faɪnd ɪt hir. 22 ðɪs brɪʤ kɔld maɪ bæk: ˈraɪtɪŋz baɪ ˈrædɪkəl ˈwɪmən əv ˈkələr baɪ mɔˈrɑgə ənd ˈglɔriə ɑnzɑlˈduə, ˈɛdɪtərz faɪnd ɪt hir. 23 wɪn ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ʧeɪnʤd: ðə əˈmeɪzɪŋ ˈʤərni əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɪmən frəm 1960 tɪ ðə ˈprɛzənt baɪ geɪl ˈkɑlɪnz faɪnd ɪt hir. 24 aɪ noʊ waɪ ðə keɪʤd bərd sɪŋz baɪ maɪə ˈænʤəˌlu faɪnd ɪt hir. 25 ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks baɪ keɪt ˈmɪlɪt faɪnd ɪt hir. 26 ˈmuvɪŋ bɪɔnd wərdz: eɪʤ, reɪʤ, sɛks, paʊər, ˈməni, ˈməsəlz: ˈbreɪkɪŋ ðə əv ˈʤɛndər baɪ ˈglɔriə ˈstaɪnəm faɪnd ɪt hir. 27 froʊnˈtɛrə: ðə nu baɪ ˈglɔriə ɑnzɑlˈduə faɪnd ɪt hir. 28 ə vɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv ðə raɪts əv ˈwʊmən baɪ ˈmɛri faɪnd ɪt hir. 29 ˈkɑləˌnaɪz ðɪs!: jəŋ ˈwɪmən əv ˈkələr ɔn ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm baɪ ˈdeɪzi hərˈnændɛz ənd ˈrɛmən faɪnd ɪt hir. 30 haʊ ðə ˈmuvmənt seɪvd əˈmɛrɪkə: ˈfridəm, ˈpɑləˌtɪks, ənd ðə wɔr ɔn sɛks baɪ krɪˈstinə peɪʤ faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 31 ˈʤɛndər ˈtrəbəl: ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ənd ðə səbˈvərʒən əv aɪˈdɛntəˌti baɪ ˈʤudɪθ ˈbətlər faɪnd ɪt hir. 32 hæf ðə skaɪ: ˈtərnɪŋ əˈprɛʃən ˈɪntu ˌɑpərˈtunəti fər ˈwɪmən ˈwərldˈwaɪd baɪ ˈnɪkələs di. ˈkrɪstəf ənd ˈʃɛrəl faɪnd ɪt hir. 33 ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm ənd pɑp ˈkəlʧər baɪ ˈzaɪsələr faɪnd ɪt hir. 34 aʊˈtreɪʤəs ækts ənd ˈɛvriˈdeɪ rɪˈbɛljənz baɪ ˈglɔriə ˈstaɪnəm faɪnd ɪt hir. 35 ˈwɪmən, reɪs klæs baɪ ˈænʤələ waɪ. ˈdeɪvɪs faɪnd ɪt hir. 36 ˈʤɛndər ˈaʊˌtlɔ: ɔn mɛn, ˈwɪmən ənd ðə rɛst əv ˈjuˈɛs baɪ keɪt ˈbɔrnˈstin faɪnd ɪt hir. 37 rɪˈvaɪvɪŋ əˈfiljə: ˈseɪvɪŋ ðə sɛlvz əv ˌædəˈlɛsənt gərlz baɪ ˈmɛri ˈpɪfər faɪnd ɪt hir. 38 gərlz tɪ ðə frənt: ðə tru ˈstɔri əv ðə raɪət ˌrɛvəˈluʃən baɪ ˈsɛrə ˈmɑrkəs faɪnd ɪt hir. 39 fæt ɪz ə ˈfɛmənɪst ˈɪʃu baɪ ˈsuzi ˈɔrbɑk faɪnd ɪt hir. 40 blæk ˈfɛmənɪst θɔt: ˈnɑlɪʤ, ˈkɑnʃəsnəs, ənd ðə ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv ɪmˈpaʊərmənt baɪ pəˈtrɪʃə hɪl ˈkɑlɪnz faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 41 zami*: ə nu ˈspɛlɪŋ əv maɪ neɪm baɪ faɪnd ɪt hir. 42 əv ˈwʊmən bɔrn: ˈməðərˌhʊd ɛz ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən baɪ ɑdriˈɛn rɪʧ faɪnd ɪt hir. 43 ˈlərnɪŋ tɪ draɪv: ənd ˈəðər laɪf ˈstɔriz baɪ ˈkæθə ˈpɑlɪt faɪnd ɪt hir. 44 ðə minz əv ˌriprəˈdəkʃən: sɛks, paʊər, ənd ðə fˈjuʧər əv ðə wərld baɪ mɪˈʃɛl ˈgoʊldbərg faɪnd ɪt hir. 45 fən hoʊm: ə ˈfæməli ˌtræʤɪˈkɑmɪk baɪ ˈælɪsən faɪnd ɪt hir. 46 steɪɪŋ əˈlaɪv: ˈwɪmən, ɪˈkɑləʤi ənd dɪˈvɛləpmənt baɪ ˈʃivə faɪnd ɪt hir. 47 haʊ tɪ səˈprɛs ˈraɪtɪŋ baɪ ʤoʊˈænə rəs faɪnd ɪt hir. 48 ðə ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪk əv sɛks: ðə keɪs fər ˈfɛmənɪst ˌrɛvəˈluʃən baɪ ˈfaɪrˌstoʊn faɪnd ɪt hir. 49 ðə ˈkələr əv ˈvaɪələns: ðə ˌɪnˈsaɪt! ænˈθɔləˌʤi baɪ ˌɪnˈsaɪt! ˈwɪmən əv ˈkələr əˈgɛnst ˈvaɪələns faɪnd ɪt hir. 50 kəmˈjunjən: ðə ˈfiˌmeɪl sərʧ fər ləv baɪ bɛl hʊks faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 51 ðə ˈʧælɪs ənd ðə bleɪd: ɑr ˈhɪstəri, ɑr fˈjuʧər baɪ ˈaɪslər faɪnd ɪt hir. 52 ðə kriˈeɪʃən əv ˈpeɪtriˌɑrki baɪ ˈgərdə ˈlərnər faɪnd ɪt hir. 53 ʤeɪn ˈsɛksɪz ɪt əp: tru kənˈfɛʃənz əv ˈfɛmənɪst dɪˈzaɪər baɪ ˈlisə ˈʤɑnsən, ˈɛdɪtər faɪnd ɪt hir. 54 ˌrɛvəˈluʃən frəm wɪˈθɪn: ə bʊk əv baɪ ˈglɔriə ˈstaɪnəm faɪnd ɪt hir. 55 bɪg gərlz kraɪ: ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən ðət ʧeɪnʤd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ fər əˈmɛrɪkən ˈwɪmən baɪ rəˈbɛkə ˈtreɪstər faɪnd ɪt hir. 56 ˈwɪmən: 400 jɪrz əv dɑlz, drudges*, helpmates*, ənd ˈhɛˌroʊənz baɪ geɪl ˈkɑlɪnz faɪnd ɪt hir. 57 ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm fər ril: ðə ˌækəˈdɛmɪk ˌɪnˈdəstriəl ˈkɑmplɛks əv ˈfɛmɪˌnɪzəm baɪ ˈʤɛsɪkə ji, ˈɛdɪtər faɪnd ɪt hir. 58 ðɪs ˈkɑmən ˈsikrɪt: maɪ ˈʤərni ɛz ən əˈbɔrʃən ˈdɔktər baɪ ˈsuzən ˈwɪklənd faɪnd ɪt hir. 59 ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ˈpæsɪz: rɪˈʤɛktɪŋ ðə rulz əv ˈʤɛndər ənd kənˈfɔrməti baɪ ˈmæθju (mattilda*) ˈbərnstin ˈsɪkəˌmɔr, ˈɛdɪtər faɪnd ɪt hir. 60 wundz əv ˈpæʃən: ə ˈraɪtɪŋ laɪf baɪ bɛl hʊks faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 61 əˈgɛnst ɑr wɪl: mɛn, ˈwɪmən, ənd reɪp baɪ ˈsuzən ˈbraʊnˌmɪlər faɪnd ɪt hir. 62 ˈkɑŋkwɛst: ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈvaɪələns ənd əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɪndiən ˈʤɛnəˌsaɪd baɪ ˌɑnˈdreɪə smɪθ faɪnd ɪt hir. 63 aɪ æm ən ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈkriʧər: ðə ˈsikrɪt laɪf əv gərlz əraʊnd ðə wərld baɪ iv faɪnd ɪt hir. 64: ən ˌɔtəbaɪˈɑgrəfi baɪ ˈʃɑkər faɪnd ɪt hir. 65 ðə gərlz hu wɛnt əˈweɪ: ðə ˈhɪdən ˈhɪstəri əv ˈwɪmən hu sərˈɛndərd ˈʧɪldrən fər əˈdɑpʃən ɪn ðə ˈdɛkeɪdz ˌbiˈfɔr roʊ vi. weɪd baɪ æn ˈfɛslər faɪnd ɪt hir. 66 stoʊn bʊʧ bluz baɪ ˈlɛsli ˈfaɪnbərg faɪnd ɪt hir. 67 ˈkɪlɪŋ ðə blæk ˈbɑdi: reɪs, ˌriprəˈdəkʃən, ənd ðə ˈminɪŋ əv ˈlɪbərˌti baɪ ˈdɔrθi ˈrɑbərts faɪnd ɪt hir. 68 ˈwɪmən æsk: nɪˌgoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ənd ðə ˈʤɛndər dɪˈvaɪd baɪ ˈlɪndə ˈbæbkɔk ənd ˈsɛrə faɪnd ɪt hir. 69 ˈaʊˌtlɔ ˈkəlʧər baɪ bɛl hʊks faɪnd ɪt hir. 70 ˈfɛmənɪsts θiəraɪz ðə pəˈlɪtɪkəl baɪ ˈʤudɪθ ˈbətlər ənd ʤoʊn ˈwɔlək skɑt, ˈɛdɪtərz faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 71 ˈmænˌhʊd fər ˈæməˌʧərz baɪ ˈmaɪkəl ˈʧeɪbən faɪnd ɪt hir. 72 ðə ˈseɪkrɪd hup: rɪˈkəvərɪŋ ðə ˈfɛmənən ɪn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈɪndiən trəˈdɪʃənz baɪ ˈpɔlə gən ˈælən faɪnd ɪt hir. 73 ðə wɔr ɔn ʧɔɪs: ðə əˈtæk ɔn raɪts ənd haʊ tɪ faɪt bæk baɪ ˈglɔriə fɛlt faɪnd ɪt hir. 74 ðə lɛs ˈnoʊbəl sɛks: ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk, rɪˈlɪʤəs, ənd ˌfɪləˈsɑfɪkəl kənˈsɛpʃənz əv ˈneɪʧər baɪ ˈnænsi faɪnd ɪt hir. 75 ə ˈwʊmən spiks: ðə ˈlɛkʧərz, ˈsɛməˌnɑrz ənd ˈɪntərvˌjuz əv baɪ ˈɛvəlɪn hɪnz, ˈɛdɪtər faɪnd ɪt hir. 76 ðɪs brɪʤ wi kɔl hoʊm: ˈrædɪkəl ˈvɪʒənz fər ˌtrænsfərˈmeɪʃən baɪ ˈglɔriə ənd ˈkitɪŋ, ˈɛdɪtərz faɪnd ɪt hir. 77 təf gərlz: ˈwɪmən ˈwɔrjərz ənd ˈwəndər ˈwɪmən ɪn ˈpɑpjələr ˈkəlʧər baɪ ˈʃɛri ə. ˈɪnɪs faɪnd ɪt hir. 78 ˌriˈæləˌti baɪts bæk: ðə ˈtrəbəlɪŋ truθ əˈbaʊt ˈgɪlti ˈplɛʒər ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən baɪ ˈʤɛnəfər ɛl. ˈpɑznər faɪnd ɪt hir. 79 ðə greɪt ˈwɪmən ˌsupərˈhiroʊz baɪ ˈrɑbɪnz faɪnd ɪt hir. 80 ˈsɪstərhʊd ɪz ˈpaʊərfəl: ən ænˈθɔləˌʤi əv ˈraɪtɪŋz frəm ðə ˌlɪˌbərˈeɪʃən ˈmuvmənt baɪ ˈrɑbɪn ˈmɔrgən, ˈɛdɪtər faɪnd ɪt hir. bʊks 81 ˈlɪvɪŋ dɑlz: ðə rɪˈtərn əv ˈsɛksɪzəm baɪ nəˈtɑʃə ˈwɔltər faɪnd ɪt hir. 82 ɪn sərʧ əv ɑr ˈgɑrdənz baɪ ˈælɪs ˈwɔkər faɪnd ɪt hir. 83 ənˈbɛrəbəl weɪt baɪ ˈsuzən faɪnd ɪt hir. 84 ˈsɪstərz əv ðə jæm baɪ bɛl hʊks faɪnd ɪt hir. 85 ðə wərk əv ə ˈkɑmən ˈwʊmən: ðə kəˈlɛktəd ˈpoʊətri əv ˈʤudi græn, baɪ ˈʤudi græn faɪnd ɪt hir. 86 mɪθs əv ˈʤɛndər: ˌbaɪəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈθɪriz əˈbaʊt ˈwɪmən ənd mɛn baɪ æn faɪnd ɪt hir. 87 wɪn gɑd wɑz ə ˈwʊmən baɪ ˈmərlɪn stoʊn faɪnd ɪt hir. 88 ˈmɛrɪʤ ˌkɑnfəˈdɛnʃəl: ðə eɪʤ əv ˈwərˌkhɔrs waɪvz, rɔɪəl ˈʧɪldrən, ˈspaʊsɪz ənd ˈrɛbəl ˈkəpəlz hu ər riˈraɪtɪŋ ðə rulz baɪ ˈpæmələ hɑg faɪnd ɪt hir. 89 ðə ˈsɛkʃuəl ˈpɑləˌtɪks əv mit: ə ˈkrɪtɪkəl ˈθɪri baɪ ˈkɛrəl ʤeɪ. ˈædəmz faɪnd ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri ɪˈdɪʃən hir. haʊ wi dɪd ɪt (ɑr ˌmɛθəˈdɑləʤi): ˈæftər ˈkɔlɪŋ fər ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 9 2011 wi ˈkaʊntɪd ɔl ˈridər pɪks ðət əˈpɪrd ɔn ðə mɪz. blɔg, mɪz. ˈfeɪsˌbʊk peɪʤ ər lɪst ˌbiˈfɔr nun ɔn sɛpˈtɛmbər 25 2011 tɪ breɪk taɪz, wi wɛnt fərst baɪ ˈwɛðər bʊks gɑt voʊts ɔn ˈməltəpəl ˈplætˌfɔrmz, ðɛn baɪ ræŋk. bi fuld baɪ ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈɔrdər əv ðə tɪ ɔl ðə ˈəðər voʊts, ðə ˈfaɪnəl lɪst ˈdɪfərz sɪgˈnɪfɪkəntli.) ˈmɛni θæŋks tɪ rɑk, ˈsɛrə ˈrɪʧərdsən, ˈhɑli dɛr, ˈʤɛsɪkə staɪts ənd ˈmimi seldner*, hu kənˈtrɪbjutɪd lɔŋ aʊərz tɪ ðɪs ˈprɑʤɛkt!
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scholar, activist, provocateur, teacher, community-builder, inspiration: no one word can span the career of bell hooks or capture how much we love her work. according to ms. readers’ selections of the best feminist non-fiction of all time, she’s your favorite writer, with three books in our top ten–including number one–and a total of seven books throughout the list. to judge by the final picks, issues of work, sex and intersectionality ranked highest among our reader’s feminist concerns.
below the top ten, we’ve included a handy list of all 100. these rankings came from two-and-a-half weeks of reader voting on goodreads, the ms. blog and facebook (see bottom for more methodological details). eager to hear your thoughts, disputes and favorites!
10. the purity myth: how america’s obsession with virginity is hurting young women
by jessica valenti
seal press, 2009
jessica valenti combats a nation’s virginity complex, arguing that myths about “purity” are damaging to both girls and women. she points the way forward toward a world where women are perceived as more than vessels of chastity. find it here.
9. feminist theory: from margin to center
by bell hooks
south end press, 1985
cementing her place as one of the most influential feminist theorists, hooks’ feminist theory explores kimberle crenshaw’s conversation-changing idea of intersectionality: the way racism, classism and sexism work together to foster oppression. find it here.
8. ain’t i a woman: black women and feminism
by bell hooks
south end press, 1999
named after the famous speech by sojourner truth, this must-read by bell hooks discusses black women’s struggle with u.s. racism and sexism since the time of slavery and doesn’t shirk from how white middle- and upper-class feminists have at times failed poor and non-white women. find it here.
7. female chauvinist pigs: women and the rise of raunch culture
by ariel levy
free press, 2005
what do phenomena such as girls gone wild say about feminism? this book looks at the ways women today make sex objects of themselves, and she’s not impressed. she chews out false “empowerment” based on self-objectification and offers feminist alternatives. find it here.
6. backlash: the undeclared war against american women
by susan faludi
crown, 1991
this landmark book sounded the alarm about a pervasive backlash against feminism. she painstakingly refutes each insidious anti-feminist argument–for instance, that feminism is responsible for a supposed epidemic of unhappiness in women. what’s really wrong, she says, is that equality hasn’t been achieved; in fact, the struggle has only just begun. find it here.
5. nickel and dimed
by barbara ehrenreich
metropolitan books, 2001
long-time ms. columnist barbara ehrenreich posed undercover as a low-income worker to gain material for this empathetic portrait of how the bottom half lives. she reveals that simply making ends meet is a silent struggle for many americans, especially for women with families to support. find it here.
4. a room of one’s own
by virginia woolf
harcourt brace, 1929
this classic from the 1920s makes a devastatingly eloquent argument with a simple takeaway: for a women artist to thrive, she must have space in which to work and some money for her efforts. find it here.
3. sister outsider: essays and speeches
by audre lorde
crossing press, 1984
this master work by audre lorde, a caribbean american lesbian feminist writer, collects her prose from the late 70s and early 80s. many of these pieces made feminist history, including her candid dialogue with adrienne rich about race and feminism, her oft-quoted critique of academia “the master’s tools will never dismantle the master’s house” and her open letter to mary daly. find it here.
2. cunt: a declaration of independence
by inga muscio
seal press 2002
inga muscio’s 2002 feminist manifesto radicalized a new generation. she argues for the reclaiming of the tarnished word cunt, and discusses her personal experiences with self-protection, sex work, abortion and solidarity. find it here.
1. feminism is for everybody: passionate politics
by bell hooks
south end press, 2000
fittingly, in ms. readers’ favorite feminist book of all time, bell hooks argues that feminism is for everybody, regardless of race, gender or creed. she urges all to live a feminism that finds commonality across differences and makes room for impassioned debate. find it here.
here are the rest of our readers’ picks! click on the links to each ten for more detailed descriptions.
books 20-11
11. yes means yes: visions of female sexual power and a world without rape by jaclyn friedman and jessica valenti find it here.
12. the second sex by simone de beauvoir find it here.
13. full frontal feminism: a young woman’s guide to why feminism matters by jessica valenti find it here.
14. our bodies, ourselves by the boston women’s health collective find it here.
15. havana real by yoani sánchez find it here.
16. whipping girl: a transsexual woman on sexism and the scapegoating of femininity by julia serano find it here.
17. the vagina monologues by eve ensler find it here.
18. persepolis 1 & 2 — the complete persepolis by marjane satrapi. find it here and here.
19. the beauty myth: how images of beauty are used against women by naomi wolf find it here.
20. the feminine mystique by betty friedan find it here.
books 30-21
21. manifesta: young women, feminism, and the future by jennifer baumgardner and amy richards find it here.
22. this bridge called my back: writings by radical women of color by cherrie moraga and gloria anzaldua, editors find it here.
23. when everything changed: the amazing journey of american women from 1960 to the present by gail collins find it here.
24. i know why the caged bird sings by maya angelou find it here.
25. sexual politics by kate millett find it here.
26. moving beyond words: age, rage, sex, power, money, muscles: breaking the boundries of gender by gloria steinem find it here.
27. borderlands/la frontera: the new mestiza by gloria anzaldua find it here.
28. a vindication of the rights of woman by mary wollstonecraft find it here.
29. colonize this!: young women of color on today’s feminism coedited by daisy hernandez and bushra rehman find it here.
30. how the pro-choice movement saved america: freedom, politics, and the war on sex by cristina page find it here.
books 40-31
31. gender trouble: feminism and the subversion of identity by judith butler find it here.
32. half the sky: turning oppression into opportunity for women worldwide by nicholas d. kristof and sheryl wudunn find it here.
33. feminism and pop culture by andi zeisler find it here.
34. outrageous acts and everyday rebellions by gloria steinem find it here.
35. women, race & class by angela y. davis find it here.
36. gender outlaw: on men, women and the rest of us by kate bornstein find it here.
37. reviving ophelia: saving the selves of adolescent girls by mary pipher find it here.
38. girls to the front: the true story of the riot grrrl revolution by sara marcus find it here.
39. fat is a feminist issue by susie orbach find it here.
40. black feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment by patricia hill collins find it here.
books 50-41
41. zami: a new spelling of my name by audre lorde find it here.
42. of woman born: motherhood as experience and institution by adrienne rich find it here.
43. learning to drive: and other life stories by katha pollitt find it here.
44. the means of reproduction: sex, power, and the future of the world by michelle goldberg find it here.
45. fun home: a family tragicomic by alison bechdel find it here.
46. staying alive: women, ecology and development by vandana shiva find it here.
47. how to suppress women’s writing by joanna russ find it here.
48. the dialectic of sex: the case for feminist revolution by shulamith firestone find it here.
49. the color of violence: the incite! anthology by incite! women of color against violence find it here.
50. communion: the female search for love by bell hooks find it here.
books 60-51
51. the chalice and the blade: our history, our future by riane eisler find it here.
52. the creation of patriarchy by gerda lerner find it here.
53. jane sexes it up: true confessions of feminist desire by merri lisa johnson, editor find it here.
54. revolution from within: a book of self-esteem by gloria steinem find it here.
55. big girls don’t cry: the election that changed everything for american women by rebecca traister find it here.
56. america’s women: 400 years of dolls, drudges, helpmates, and heroines by gail collins find it here.
57. feminism for real: deconstructing the academic industrial complex of feminism by jessica yee, editor find it here.
58. this common secret: my journey as an abortion doctor by susan wicklund find it here.
59. nobody passes: rejecting the rules of gender and conformity by matthew (mattilda) bernstein sycamore, editor find it here.
60. wounds of passion: a writing life by bell hooks find it here.
books 70-61
61. against our will: men, women, and rape by susan brownmiller find it here.
62. conquest: sexual violence and american indian genocide by andrea smith find it here.
63. i am an emotional creature: the secret life of girls around the world by eve ensler find it here.
64. assata: an autobiography by assata shakur find it here.
65. the girls who went away: the hidden history of women who surrendered children for adoption in the decades before roe v. wade by ann fessler find it here.
66. stone butch blues by leslie feinberg find it here.
67. killing the black body: race, reproduction, and the meaning of liberty by dorothy roberts find it here.
68. women don’t ask: negotiation and the gender divide by linda babcock and sara laschever find it here.
69. outlaw culture by bell hooks find it here.
70. feminists theorize the political by judith butler and joan wallach scott, editors find it here.
books 80-71
71. manhood for amateurs by michael chabon find it here.
72. the sacred hoop: recovering the feminine in american indian traditions by paula gunn allen find it here.
73. the war on choice: the right-wing attack on women’s rights and how to fight back by gloria feldt find it here.
74. the less noble sex: scientific, religious, and philosophical conceptions of woman’s nature by nancy tuana find it here.
75. a woman speaks: the lectures, seminars and interviews of anaïs nin by evelyn hinz, editor find it here.
76. this bridge we call home: radical visions for transformation by gloria anzaldúa and analouise keating, editors find it here.
77. tough girls: women warriors and wonder women in popular culture by sherrie a. inness find it here.
78. reality bites back: the troubling truth about guilty pleasure tv by jennifer l. pozner find it here.
79. the great women superheroes by trina robbins find it here.
80. sisterhood is powerful: an anthology of writings from the women’s liberation movement by robin morgan, editor find it here.
books 90-81
81. living dolls: the return of sexism by natasha walter find it here.
82. in search of our mother’s gardens by alice walker find it here.
83. unbearable weight by susan bordo find it here.
84. sisters of the yam by bell hooks find it here.
85. the work of a common woman: the collected poetry of judy grahn, 1964-1977 by judy grahn find it here.
86. myths of gender: biological theories about women and men by anne fausto-sterling find it here.
87. when god was a woman by merlin stone find it here.
88. marriage confidential: the post-romantic age of workhorse wives, royal children, undersexed spouses and rebel couples who are rewriting the rules by pamela haag find it here.
89. the sexual politics of meat: a feminist-vegetarian critical theory by carol j. adams find the 20th anniversary edition here.
how we did it (our pseudo-scientific methodology): after calling for nominations on september 9, 2011, we counted all reader picks that appeared on the ms. blog, ms. facebook page or goodreads list before noon on september 25, 2011. to break ties, we went first by whether books got votes on multiple platforms, then by goodreads rank. (don’t be fooled by the current order of the goodreads list–thanks to all the other votes, the final list differs significantly.)
many thanks to cortney rock, sarah richardson, holly derr, jessica stites and mimi seldner, who contributed long hours to this project!
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ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔfts ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ riˈlis ˈɔfəs fər ˈaɪˌpæd "ˈsunər ðən ju θɪŋk," sɪz ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft rɪˈpɔrtər, ˈmɛri ʤoʊ ˈfoʊli. ʃi θɪŋks ɪts aʊt ɪn ðə fərst hæf əv ðɪs jɪr, ənd ɪn ə bɪt əv ə ˈbɑmˌʃɛl, ʃi θɪŋks ɪt kʊd bi ˈrɛdi fər ˈaɪˌpæd ˌbiˈfɔr ɪts ˈrɛdi fər ˈwɪndoʊz 8 aɪ hir ˈbælmər ənd ðə ˈsinjər ˈlidərz əv ðə ˈkəmpəˌni meɪ hæv hæd ə ʧeɪnʤ əv hɑrt təˈwɔrdz ðə ɛnd əv læst jɪr. əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wən əv maɪ ˈkɑnˌtækts, ˈbælmər ðə səˈʤɛsʧən baɪ ðə ˈɔfəs tim ðət ðeɪd brɪŋ ˈɔfəs fər ˈaɪˌpæd tɪ ˈmɑrkɪt ɛz sun ɛz ɪt wɑz ˈrɛdi, ˈivɪn ðoʊ ðət wʊd ˈlaɪkli min ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈwɪndoʊz 8 ˈvərʒən. ˈpipəl hæv bɪn ˈpaʊndɪŋ ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft fər ˌɪgˈnɔrɪŋ ðə ˈaɪˌpæd ɛz ɪts groʊn. wɪr ˈæˌkʧuəli ˈwərkɪŋ ɔn ə ˈstɔri əˈbaʊt ˈɔfəs. ɪn ɑr oʊn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ, wiv hərd ðət ˈbælmər wɑz ˈhɛzɪtənt tɪ riˈlis ˈɔfəs fər ˈioʊs (ðə ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˈsɪstəm ðət paʊərz ðə ˈaɪˌpæd). wi wər toʊld ðət ðɛr wər "ˈhitɪd" ˈɑrgjəmənts ənd ðət ðə ˈɔfəs grup ˈrɪli ˈwɔntɪd ˈɔfəs ɔn ˈioʊs ənd ˈænˌdrɔɪd. ɑr sɔrs sɛd ˈbælmər ˈdɪdənt lɛt ɪt ˈhæpən bɪˈkəz hi ˈwɔntɪd tɪ prəˈtɛkt ˈwɪndoʊz. pərˈhæps baɪ ðə ɛnd əv læst jɪr, wɪn ˈbælmər wɑz ɔn hɪz weɪ aʊt, hi ˈriəˌlaɪzd ɪt wɑz ˈoʊˈkeɪ fər ˈɔfəs tɪ goʊ ˈaɪˌpæd fərst. hɪˈstɔrɪkəli, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft faʊnd səkˈsɛs ɔn ˈæpəlz ˈplætˌfɔrmz. ðə ərˈɪʤənəl ˈvərʒən əv ɪkˈsɛl wərkt ɔn ə mæk ˌbiˈfɔr ɪt wɑz ˈrɛdi fər ˈwɪndoʊz. ˈæpəl hæd ə ˈgræfɪkəl ˈɪnərˌfeɪs ˌbiˈfɔr ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft, soʊ ɪkˈsɛl wɑz ɔn ˈæpəl kəmˈpjutərz fərst. goʊɪŋ ˈaɪˌpæd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈwɪndoʊz wʊd ʤɪst rɪˈpit ðə pæst. ɛz pɑrt əv ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ fər ɑr ˈstɔri, wi tɔkt tɪ ʤɑn keɪs, ˌviˈpi æt ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft ɪn ˈʤænjuˌɛri. æt ðə taɪm hi sɛd, "wi hæv kənˈfərmd wi ər ˈbɪldɪŋ ən ˈaɪˌpæd ˈvərʒən. ðə təʧ fərst ˈvərʒənz əv ˈɔfəs fər ˈwɪndoʊz, ðoʊz wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi fərst. wi ˈhævənt əˈnaʊnst ə deɪt fər ˈaɪˌpæd ˈvərʒən." ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft həz ʧeɪnʤd ɪts maɪnd ɔn ˈtaɪmɪŋ. wəts klɪr, ðoʊ, ɪz ðət dɪˈspaɪt səm ˈʧætər təˈdeɪ tɪ ðə ˈkɑntrɛri, ˈmaɪˌkroʊˈsɔft rɪˈmeɪnz ˈdɛdəkeɪtəd tɪ ˈbrɪŋɪŋ ˈɔfəs tɪ ˈioʊs ðɪs jɪr. "wɪn wi du ˈsəmθɪŋ fər ˈaɪˌpæd, ɪt wɪl bi ə fərst klæs ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən," sɛd keɪs tɪ ˈjuˈɛs ˈpriviəsli. "wɪn wi du ˈaɪˌpæd, wi doʊnt wɔnt ɪt tɪ bi hæf weɪ dən." ɪf juv wərkt ɔn ˈɔfəs θru ðə jɪrz, ənd jʊd laɪk tɪ ʧæt, iˈmeɪl jyarow@businessinsider.com*.
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microsoft's leadership microsoft microsoft is going to release office for ipad "sooner than you think," says microsoft reporter, mary jo foley.
she thinks its out in the first half of this year, and in a bit of a bombshell, she thinks it could be ready for ipad before its ready for windows 8:
i hear ballmer and the senior leaders of the company may have had a change of heart towards the end of last year. according to one of my contacts, ballmer ok'd the suggestion by the office team that they'd bring office for ipad to market as soon as it was ready, even though that would likely mean before the windows 8 version.
people have been pounding microsoft for ignoring the ipad as its grown.
we're actually working on a story about office. in our own reporting, we've heard that ballmer was hesitant to release office for ios (the operating system that powers the ipad). we were told that there were "heated" arguments and that the office group really wanted office on ios and android.
our source said ballmer didn't let it happen because he wanted to protect windows.
perhaps by the end of last year, when ballmer was on his way out, he realized it was ok for office to go ipad first.
historically, microsoft found success on apple's platforms. the original version of excel worked on a mac before it was ready for windows. apple had a graphical interface before microsoft, so excel was on apple computers first. going ipad before windows would just repeat the past.
as part of the reporting for our story, we talked to john case, vp at microsoft in january. at the time he said, "we have confirmed we are building an ipad version. the touch first versions of office for windows, those will likely be first. we haven't announced a date for ipad version."
it's possible microsoft has changed its mind on timing.
what's clear, though, is that despite some chatter today to the contrary, microsoft remains dedicated to bringing office to ios this year. "when we do something for ipad, it will be a first class application," said case to us previously. "when we do ipad, we don't want it to be half way done."
if you've worked on office through the years, and you'd like to chat, email jyarow@businessinsider.com.
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ðə ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl ˈtræʤədi keɪm kloʊz tɪ hoʊm fər mi bɪˈkəz aɪ tiʧ æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈʤɪnjə ənd bɪˈkəz ɪt ˈsɪgnəld ðə ˌriəˈpɪrəns əv ə θrɛt aɪ hæd ɪnˈkaʊnərd ˌbiˈfɔr: ðə raɪz əv ˈpraɪvət mɪˈlɪʃə grups. fər ðoʊz kloʊz tɪ ðə ˈækʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ðə lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˌpərsəˈnɛl ɔn ˈduti, ˈhɑrdli ˈɛni ˈæˌspɛkt əv ðə ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən wɑz mɔr ˈmɛnəsɪŋ ðən ðə əˈpɪrəns əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd, ˈɔfən ˈjunəˌfɔrmd, ˈpraɪvət bændz əv mɛn ɪn ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri getups*, ˈoʊpənli ˈbrændɪʃɪŋ əˈsɔlt ˈraɪfəlz ənd ˈəðər lɔŋ gənz. ðɪs ɪz ən ˈɑmənəs dɪˈvɛləpmənt, bət ɪt ɪz nɑt ə nu wən. ənd ɪt kən həz wɪθ ˈligəl ˈækʃən. aɪ tʊk pɑrt ɪn ðət wərk. ɪn 1981 ən ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən kɔld ðə naɪts əv ðə ku kləks klæn ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ənd treɪnd ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri grups tɪ həræs ˈfɪʃərmɪn ɔn ðə ˈtɛksəs gəlf koʊst. ðeɪ, tu, wɔr kloʊðz ənd gɪr, nɑt waɪt ʃits. ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈmɔrɪs diz ənd ðə ˈsəðərn ˈpɑvərti lɔ ˈsɛnər, ˈdeɪvɪd bərg ənd aɪ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnɪd ðə ˈfɪʃərmɪn ɪn ə ˈfɛdərəl ˈlɔˌsut əˈgɛnst ðə klæn. wi ˌɪnˈvoʊkt ə ˈtɛksəs lɔ mɔr ðən ə ˈsɛnʧəri oʊld ðət bænd companies”*” ˈəðər ðən ðoʊz ˈɔθərˌaɪzd baɪ ðə ˈgəvərnər. ðɛr ər ˈsɪmələr lɔz ɪn moʊst steɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ vərˈʤɪnjə. wi æst ðə ʤəʤ tɪ ʃət daʊn ðə ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri ækˈtɪvɪtiz. sɪns ðɪs lɔ hæd ˈnɛvər bɪn ˌɪnˈtərprətəd, wi dɪˈvɛləpt ə ˈligəl ˈstændərd tɪ dɪˈfaɪn ðə bɑrd ˈgaɪˌdlaɪn ðət wʊd dɪˈstɪŋgwɪʃ skaʊts, ˈhəntərz ənd ˈsɪvəl ɛr pəˈtroʊl kəˈdɛts frəm ˈhɛvəli ɑrmd mɛn wɪθ əˈsɔlt ˈwɛpənz ˈpræktɪsɪŋ fər ˈvaɪələnt ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃənz. wi ˈfoʊkɪst ɔn ˈpraɪvət ˈɛfərts tɪ kriˈeɪt ə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ər ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ðət hæd ˈstrəkʧər, ˈtreɪnɪŋ ənd ˈdɪsəplən soʊ ɛz tɪ ˈfəŋkʃən ɛz ə ˈkɑmbæt ər ˈkɑmbæt səˈpɔrt unit.”*.” ˈɛkspərt ˈwɪtnəsɪz ɪkˈspleɪnd haʊ ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz mɛt ðə ˈstændərd. ðə ˈtɛksəs əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl ərʤd ðə ʤəʤ tɪ əkˈsɛpt ɑr ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən əv ðə lɔ. ðə ʤəʤ, ˌgɑbriˈɛl məkˈdɑnəld, ˈgrænɪd ɑr rɪkˈwɛst ənd ɪn 1982 ʃət daʊn ðə ˈtreɪnɪŋ ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪn viˌɛtnɑˈmis vi. naɪts əv ðə ku kləks klæn, 543 ɛf. supp*. 198 (s.d*. tɛks. 1982 ðə ˈɔrdər wərkt. ɑr əˈproʊʧ wɑz juzd əˈgɛn ɪn 1985 ənd 1986 wɪn ðə ˈsəðərn ˈpɑvərti lɔ ˈsɛnər tʊk ˈligəl ˈækʃən əˈgɛnst ðə ˌkɛrəˈlaɪnə naɪts əv ðə ˈkeɪˈkeɪˈkeɪ ənd ɪts səkˈsɛsər, ðə waɪt ˈpeɪtriəts ˈpɑrti. ˈæftər ðeɪ ˈvaɪəleɪtɪd kɔrt ˈɔrdərz, ə ˈʤʊri faʊnd ðə ˌɔrgənəˈzeɪʃən ənd ɪts ˈlidərz ˈgɪlti əv ˈkrɪmənəl kənˈtɛmpt. ðə ˈlidərz wər ʤeɪld. ðeɪ əˈpild, ənd lɔst. si ˈpərsən vi. ˈmɪlər, 854 656 ˈsərkət, 1988 ðə ˈprɑbləm əroʊz əˈgɛn ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ɛz mɪˈlɪʃəz ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ɪn ˈsɛvərəl steɪts. ˈmɔrɪs ənd aɪ ˈpəblɪʃt ən ɪn ðə nu jɔrk taɪmz ɪn meɪ 1995 tɪ ˌrivˈju ðə ˈligəl ˈɔpʃən əv riˈstrɪktɪŋ ðə ækˈtɪvɪti əv ˈpraɪvət ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri grups. ðət ˈdeɪnʤər səbˈsaɪdɪd, ˈæftər ˈmɛni lɪvz hæd bɪn ɔl, ɪn ðə ˈbɑmɪŋ əv ðə ˈælfrɪd pi. mərˈrɑ ˈfɛdərəl ˈbɪldɪŋ ɪn ˌoʊkləˈhoʊmə ˈsɪti. bət ðə ˈdeɪnʤər ɪz ˈraɪzɪŋ əˈgɛn, ɛz maɪ taʊn, ðə ˈneɪʃən ənd ðə wərld kən ˈpleɪnli si. ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt ˈɑrgjəmənts kən hæv been—overcome*. ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəlz meɪ hæv ə raɪt tɪ bɛr ɑrmz fər ˌsɛlfdɪˈfɛns, bət ðeɪ du nɑt hæv ə raɪt tɪ ˈɔrgəˌnaɪz ənd treɪn ɛz ə ˈpraɪvət ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri grup. ɪn 1886 ðə səˈprim kɔrt leɪd ðə ˈgraʊndˌwərk fər kənˈtroʊlɪŋ wət ðə ˈsɛkənd əˈmɛndmənt kɔlz ə militia,”*,” wɪn ɪt hɛld ðət ˌɑpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri drɪl ər ˈsəbʤɪkts əˈspɛʃəli ˈəndər ðə kənˈtroʊl əv ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əv ˈɛvəri ˈkəntri. ðeɪ ˈkænɑt bi kleɪmd ɛz ə raɪt ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt əv law.”*.” ə nu jɔrk əˈpɛˌleɪt kɔrt ˈnoʊtɪd ɪn 1944 ˌɪnˈhɛrənt pəˈtɛnʃəl ˈdeɪnʤər əv ˈɛni ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd ˈpraɪvət mɪˈlɪʃə ɪz ˈɑbviəs. ɪts ɪgˈzɪstəns wʊd bi səˈfɪʃənt, wɪˈθaʊt mɔr, tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ə ˌdɛməˈkrætɪk fɔrm əv ˈgəvərnmənt, səʧ ɛz ɑrz, frəm ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ˈfrili, wɪˈθaʊt coercion.”*.” ðət ˈlæŋgwɪʤ simz ˈɔfəli ˈrɛzənənt təˈdeɪ. ðə ˈlæŋgwɪʤ əv ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ɪz klɪr. waɪl wɛl ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtɪd militia”*” ɪz ˈvæljud, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ wət steɪt lɔ kɔlz ðə militia,”*,” ðə ˌkɑnstəˈtuʃən ˈstrɛsɪz ðət, ɔl ˈkeɪsɪz ðə ˈmɪlɪˌtɛri ʃʊd bi ˈəndər strɪkt səˌbɔrdəˈneɪʃən tɪ, ənd ˈgəvərnd baɪ, ðə ˈsɪvəl power.”*.” wɛl, wɪn ˈtrəˌkloʊdz əv ˈɔrgəˌnaɪzd grups əv ˈhɛvəli ɑrmd mɛn draɪv ˈɪntu maɪ jʊr ɪz taɪm tɪ əˈphoʊld ðə ˈsɪvəl paʊər. vərˈʤɪnjə, laɪk moʊst steɪts, həz ðə ˈligəl paʊər tɪ stɑp ðɛm. ənd ðə ˈprɛsəˌdɛnts ər ɔn ðə bʊks.
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the charlottesville tragedy came close to home for me because i teach at the university of virginia and because it signaled the reappearance of a threat i had encountered before: the rise of well-armed private militia groups. for those close to the action, including the law enforcement personnel on duty, hardly any aspect of the charlottesville confrontation was more menacing than the appearance of organized, often uniformed, private bands of men in military getups, openly brandishing assault rifles and other long guns.
this is an ominous development, but it is not a new one. and it can be—and has been—countered with legal action. i took part in that work.
in 1981 an organization called the knights of the ku klux klan organized and trained paramilitary groups to harass vietnamese-american fishermen on the texas gulf coast. they, too, wore army-surplus-style clothes and gear, not white sheets. working with morris dees and the southern poverty law center, david berg and i represented the fishermen in a federal lawsuit against the klan. we invoked a texas law more than a century old that banned “military companies” other than those authorized by the governor. there are similar laws in most states, including virginia.
we asked the judge to shut down the klan’s paramilitary activities. since this law had never been interpreted, we developed a legal standard to define the barred activity—a guideline that would distinguish scouts, hunters and civil air patrol cadets from heavily armed men with assault weapons practicing for violent confrontations. we focused on private efforts to create a military or paramilitary organization that had “command structure, training and discipline so as to function as a combat or combat support unit.”
expert witnesses explained how the group’s activities met the standard. the texas attorney general urged the judge to accept our application of the law. the judge, gabrielle mcdonald, granted our request and in 1982 shut down the training activities in vietnamese fishermen’s ass’n v. knights of the ku klux klan, 543 f. supp. 198 (s.d. tex. 1982). the order worked.
our approach was used again in 1985 and 1986 when the southern poverty law center took legal action against the carolina knights of the kkk and its successor, the white patriots party. after they violated court orders, a jury found the organization and its leaders guilty of criminal contempt. the leaders were jailed. they appealed, and lost. see person v. miller, 854 f.2d 656 (4th circuit, 1988).
the problem arose again during the 1990s as self-styled militias organized in several states. morris and i published an op-ed in the new york times in may 1995 to review the legal option of restricting the activity of private military groups. that danger subsided, after many lives had been lost—above all, in the bombing of the alfred p. murrah federal building in oklahoma city.
but the danger is rising again, as my town, the nation and the world can plainly see.
the second amendment arguments can be—and have been—overcome. individuals may have a right to bear arms for self-defense, but they do not have a right to organize and train as a private military group. in 1886 the supreme court laid the groundwork for controlling what the second amendment calls a “well-regulated militia,” when it held that “[m]ilitary operations and military drill are subjects especially under the control of the government of every country. they cannot be claimed as a right independent of law.” a new york appellate court noted in 1944: “the inherent potential danger of any organized private militia is obvious. its existence would be sufficient, without more, to prevent a democratic form of government, such as ours, from functioning freely, without coercion.” that language seems awfully resonant today.
the language of virginia’s constitution is clear. while “a well regulated militia” is valued, including what state law calls the “unorganized militia,” the constitution stresses that, “in all cases the military should be under strict subordination to, and governed by, the civil power.”
well, when truckloads of organized groups of heavily armed men drive into my town—or your town—it is time to uphold the civil power. virginia, like most states, has the legal power to stop them. and the precedents are on the books.
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dɛd ˈpipəl ər ˈvɛri ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt tɪ ɔˈstreɪljən ˈʧɛrɪtiz. frəm bɪɔnd ðə greɪv, θru ðə ˌtrəˈstiz əv ðɛr ɛˈsteɪts, ðeɪ gɪv tɛnz ənd ˈprɑbəˌbli ˈhənərdz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz tɪ ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈkɔzɪz ˈɛvəri jɪr. ɪgˈzæktli haʊ məʧ ðeɪ gɪv ɪz hɑrd tɪ seɪ, fər ˈrizənz ðət wɪl bɪˈkəm ˈɑbviəs ˈleɪtər. wi kən seɪ, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ðət dɛd ˈpipəl əˈkaʊnt fər moʊst əv ðə ˈʧɛrətəbəl trəsts ər faʊnˈdeɪʃənz ðət ɪgˈzɪst ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə, wɪʧ hoʊld ˈtoʊtəl ˈæˌsɛts əv əˈbaʊt ˈbɪljən. biɪŋ dɛd, ðiz ˈpipəl ˈkænɑt hæv ˈɛni ˈstrɔŋli hɛld vjuz ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd kəˈmɪʃən (acnc*), sɛt əp lɛs ðən 18 mənθs əˈgoʊ baɪ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt tɪ ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt ðə ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈsɛktər. bət ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈkəmpəˌniz ðət ədˈmɪnɪstər ðoʊz ˈʧɛrətəbəl trəsts du hæv ˈstrɔŋli hɛld vjuz ɔn ðə. ðeɪ heɪt ɪt. əˈməŋ ðə dɪˈstɪŋkt məˈnɔrəti əv pleɪərz ɪn ðə 60 ˈbɪljən ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈsɛktər hu əˈpoʊz ðə ˈgreɪtər trænˈspɛrənsi ðə nu kəˈmɪʃən brɪŋz, ðoʊz trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə moʊst ˈviəmənt. mɔr ˈviəmənt ˈivɪn ðən ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ, wɪʧ ɪz əˈnəðər ˈmeɪʤər əˈpoʊnənt. ˈpɑsəbli ˈivɪn mɔr ˈviəmənt ðən ðə ˈmɪnɪstər fər ˈsoʊʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz, ˈkɛvɪn ˈænˌdruz, hu ɪz ˈlidɪŋ ðə ˈæbət ʧɑrʤ tɪ kɪl ɔf ðə. ðə muv tɪ əˈbɑlɪʃ ɪt wɑz ˌɪntrəˈdust əˈməŋ ðə ræft əv ˈtrɪviəl ækts ənd ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz skræpt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˈæbət day”*” læst wik, ənd ɪz wən əv ðoʊz dɪˈmændɪŋ kloʊz ˈskrutəni. ˈænˌdruz ˈprɛzənts ðə kwaɪt fɔls ˈpriˌtɛkst ðət ɪt wɪl spɛr ˈʧɛrɪtiz ðə ˈbərdən əv tape”*”. hi həz ˈgɪvɪn noʊ klɪr ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃən əv wət, ɪf ˈɛniˌθɪŋ, maɪt ˌriˈpleɪs ɪt. waɪ ðə kəˈmɪʃən ˈfraɪtənd ðə trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz ðə trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz prəˈvaɪd ə keɪs ˈstədi əv ðə ˈkɑnflɪkt bɪtˈwin grid ənd ˈæltruˌɪzəm. ɪn ə ˈmidiə riˈlis læst wik, ðeɪ rɪˈpitɪd ðɛr dɪˈzaɪər tɪ si ðə ““abolishment”*” (sɪk) əv ðə nu ˈʧɛrɪtiz kəˈmɪʃən, ənd kleɪmd bəˈnɛvələnt ˈmoʊtɪvz. ðeɪ kleɪm ðɛr ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən ɪz beɪst ɔn ðə kɔst əv kəmˈplaɪɪŋ wɪθ ɪts ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl dɪˈskloʊʒər rɪkˈwaɪrmənts, wɪʧ ðeɪ ˈɛstəˌmeɪt æt 2 ˈmɪljən. ðə riˈlis kˈwoʊtɪd ʤɑn ˈbrɑgdən, ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈlidər əv ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrti, naʊ ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsɛktər pik ˈbɑdi, ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈkaʊnsəl (fsc*), wɪʧ ɛnˈkəmpəsəz ðə ˈpraɪvət trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz. ɪz ˈməni wɪʧ kən bi ˈæləˌkeɪtɪd tɪ ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈɛriəz wɛr ɪt ɪz moʊst needed,”*,” hi sɛd. ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈbɪgəst ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈdoʊnərz, ənd ˈbɪgəst ˈʧɛrətəbəl rɪˈsɪpiənts, nɑt tɪ ˈmɛnʃən ə ˈrisənt ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ˈʧɛrətəbəl trəsts, wʊd səˈʤɛst ðə ˈmoʊtɪvz əv ˈbrɑgdən, ðə ənd ðə trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz ər fɑr frəm ðə kleɪmd ˈæltruˌɪzəm. wən əv ðə ˈeɪʤənts fər ðoʊz bɪg ˈdoʊnərz ɪz ˈpitər hu, ɛz hɛd əv ˌfɪlənθˈrɑpɪk ˈsərvɪsɪz fər ðə maɪər ˈfæməli ˈkəmpəˌni, ɪz ən ˈɛkspərt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv ˈlɑrʤˌskeɪl fɪˈlænθrəpi ənd ðə trəsts ənd faʊnˈdeɪʃənz θru wɪʧ ɪt ɪz dɪˈstrɪbjətəd. hi faʊnd ðə prɛs riˈlis ““breathtaking”*” ɪn ɪts ˌdɪsɪnˈʤɛnjuəsnəs. ðə ril kənˈsərn əv ðə trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz, hi sɪz, ɪz nɑt ðə 2 ˈmɪljən ɪn kəmˈplaɪəns kɔsts. ə ˈbɪgər əˈʤɛndə here.”*.” məʧ ˈbɪgər. ðə ril kənˈsərn ðə ˈkəmpəˌniz hæv əˈbaʊt ðə, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ, ɪz ðət ɪts ˈskrutəni əv ðɛr ˈprɛzəntli oʊˈpeɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ðoʊz ˈʧɛrətəbəl trəsts wɪl rɪˈvil ðə ˈgroʊsli ɪkˈsɛsɪv fiz ðeɪ teɪk fər ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈæftər ðə bɪkˈwɛsts əv fɪˈlænθrəpɪsts, moʊst əv ðɛm dɛd. "ðə ril kənˈsərn ɪz ðət ˈskrutəni əv ðɛr oʊˈpeɪk ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən wɪl rɪˈvil ðə ˈgroʊsli ɪkˈsɛsɪv fiz ðeɪ teɪk." ˈpitər hi dɪˈskraɪbz ɛz ˈnæʃənəl scandal”*” ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ɪn wɪʧ tɛnz əv ˈmɪljənz əv ˈdɔlərz iʧ jɪr ər biɪŋ ˈsaɪfənd ɔf tɪ pæd ðə ˈbɑtəm laɪnz əv ðə ˌfərˈprɑfɪt ˈkəmpəˌniz, ˌɪnˈstɛd əv goʊɪŋ tɪ ðə ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈpərpəsɪz fər wɪʧ ðeɪ wər ˌɪnˈtɛndɪd. ðə lɔ rɪˈleɪtɪŋ tɪ trəsts həz ʧeɪnʤd ə lɔt sɪns ðə 1900s*, wɪn ˌtrəˈsti ˈkəmpəˌniz wər ɛˈsɛnʃəli ˈpəblɪkli oʊnd ˈkəmpəˌniz huz soʊl ˈfəŋkʃən wɑz tɪ gɑrd ˈæˌsɛts lɛft ɔn bɪˈhæf əv ðoʊz ɪn nid. təˈdeɪ ðeɪ ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ɔl stɑk exchange-listed*, ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪs ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðɛr fi ˈstrəkʧərz, lɔŋ ɪkˈsɛsɪv ɪn ðə vju əv ənd ˈmɛni ˈəðərz, hæv ˌɪnˈfleɪtɪd ˈvæstli mɔr sɪns əˈmɛndmənts tɪ ðə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz lɔ ɪn 2009 əˈlaʊd ðɛm tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ðə ˈbeɪsɪs fər ˈʧɑrʤɪŋ fiz. ˈkɑmplɛks ˈligəli, bət ðə pɔɪnt ɪz ɪt meɪd θɪŋz worse,”*,” sɪz. ðə pæst, fiz wər ʧɑrʤd ɔn ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈɪnˌkəm. ðə ˈʧeɪnʤɪz meɪd ɪt ˈʧɑrʤəbəl ɔn ə pərˈsɛnɪʤ əv ˈkæpɪtəl. ɪn ˈmɛni ˈkeɪsɪz ðət mɛnt ðə fiz kʊd ˌɪnˈkris substantially.”*.” baɪ ““substantially”*”, hi minz ˈhənərdz əv pər sɛnt ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz. hi saɪts ən ɪgˈzæmpəl ɪn wɪʧ 40 pər sɛnt əv ðə ˈərnɪŋz əv ə trəst kən bi ˈsaɪfənd ɔf ɪn fiz. ə ˈkəpəl əv jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɑz əˈməŋ ə kəˈlɛkʃən əv ˈmeɪʤər ˈdoʊnərz ənd ˈʧɛrɪtiz, wɪʧ, ˈəndər ðə neɪm ðə ˈʧɛrətəbəl əˈlaɪəns, bɪˈgæn ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə ðɛn ˈleɪbər ˈgəvərnmənt fər ən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri ˈɪntu ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən əv ðiz ˈʧɛrətəbəl trəsts. ðeɪ gɑt wən, kənˈdəktəd baɪ ə ˈbɑdi kɔld ðə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ənd ˈmɑrkɪts ædˈvaɪzəri kəˈmɪti (camac*), ə smɔl bət ˌhaɪˈpaʊərd ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt kəˈmɪti əv ˈɛkspərts sɛt əp tɪ ədˈvaɪz ˈgəvərnmənt ɔn ˈmætərz ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl. ɪts ˈmɛmbərˌʃɪp ˌɪnˈkludz ðə hɛd əv ˈæzɪk, grɛg medcraft*. ðə əˈlaɪəns pʊt təˈgɛðər ə ˌkɑmpriˈhɛnsɪv səbˈmɪʃən, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə ræft əv keɪs ˈstədiz. course,”*,” sɪz, kʊd ˈoʊnli kəˈlɛkt keɪs ˈstədiz wɛr ðɛr ər ˈfæməli. ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsɪz ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ɪz ðə soʊl ˌtrəˈsti, soʊ gɑt ˈɛni aɪˈdiə wət ɪz happening.”*.” ðə səbˈmɪʃən wɛnt əp ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt, bət ˈoʊnli ˈlæstɪd ə ˈkəpəl əv deɪz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌtrəˈsti ˈkəmpəˌniz dɪˈmændɪd ɪt bi pʊld daʊn. æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ðoʊ, ðə kəˈmɪti faʊnd ril ˈprɑbləmz wɪθ ðə weɪ ðiz ˌtrəˈstiz ˈɑpərˌeɪtəd: ðɛr læk əv trænˈspɛrənsi, ðə ˈlɛvəl əv ðɛr fiz ənd ˈʧɑrʤɪz, ənd ðɛr unaccountability*, ˈivɪn tɪ hu wər ˈfæməli ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə dɪˈsist. ɪt meɪd ə ˈnəmbər əv ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə ˈrɛləvənt pɑrt əv ðə ˌkɔrpərˈeɪʃənz ækt, tɪ reɪn ɪn fiz. ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ, moʊst hir, ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðət ə ˈsɪriz əv audits”*” bi ˈkɛrid aʊt, tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðoʊz ˈlaɪsənst trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz wər ˈfɛrli ædˈmɪnɪˌstərɪŋ ðə ˈməni ðeɪ wər səˈpoʊzd tɪ bi ˈmænəʤɪŋ fər ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈpərpəsɪz. ðə səˈʤɛsʧən wɑz ðət ðə nu ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər, ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd kəˈmɪʃən, bi ðə ˈbɑdi tɪ ˈkɛri aʊt ðoʊz ˈɑdəts. ðɪs lʊkt ˈvɛri bæd fər ðə ˌtrəˈsti ˈkəmpəˌniz. ðeɪ laɪkt ðə aɪˈdiə əv ə nu ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz tɪ bɪˈgɪn wɪθ. ɪn 2010 ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən kriˈeɪtɪŋ ðə ˈivɪn keɪm ɪn, ðə ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz ˈkaʊnsəl ˈlɑbid hɑrd tɪ bi ɪkˈskludɪd frəm ɪts ˈpərvˌju, ɔn ðə ˈbeɪsɪs ðət ˌtrəˈstiz əv ə ˈʧɛrətəbəl fənd ˈkænɑt ˈprɑpərli bi dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz ən ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ðət ɪz ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə [not-for-profit*] sector”*”. ðət ˈɑrgjəmənt wɑʃ, ˌnɑtwɪθˈstændɪŋ ðə fækt ðət ðiz trəst ˈkəmpəˌniz ər ˌfərˈprɑfɪt, ˈlɪstɪd ˈkəmpəˌniz, ɪn ðə ˈbɪznɪs tɪ meɪk ə bək aʊt əv ɪt. ðə fækt ɪz, ðə trəsts ðeɪ ədˈmɪnɪstər wər sɛt əp tɪ səˈpɔrt ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈkɔzɪz. ənd soʊ ðeɪ wər rikˈwaɪərd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ʤɪst laɪk ˈəðər ˈʧɛrətəbəl kənˈsərnz ðɛr ˈrɛvəˌnu, ˈæˌsɛts, ɪkˈspɛnsɪz, grænts ə hoʊl lɔt əv stəf ðət hæd nɑt ˌbiˈfɔr bɪn ˈpəblɪk. ɛz ɪf ðət bæd ɪˈnəf, naʊ wɑz ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ðə nu ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ˈɔntu ðɛm, tɪ ˈɔdɪt ðɛm tɪ si ɪf ðeɪ wər ˈsaɪfənɪŋ ɔf ɪkˈsɛsɪv əˈmaʊnts frəm ðə ɛˈsteɪts əv ðə dɛd. ˈfɔrʧənətli fər ðə ˌtrəˈsti ˈkəmpəˌniz, ðə rɪˈpɔrt frəm ðə ˈoʊnli keɪm aʊt ɪn ðə daɪɪŋ mənθs əv ðə ˈleɪbər ˈgəvərnmənt. noʊ ˈækʃən wɑz ˈteɪkən; ˈleɪbər ˈprɑbəˌbli hæd ˈəðər θɪŋz tɪ ˈwəri əˈbaʊt, səʧ ɛz ˈwɛðər ˈkɛvɪn rəd ər ˈʤuljə ʒɪˈlɑrd wɑz mɔr ˈlaɪkli tɪ ɪts ɪˈlɛktərəl dɪˈfit. ənd ðə ðɛn ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən hæd ɔˈrɛdi ˈsɪgnəld, wɛl ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ɪˈlɛkʃən, ðət ɪt wɑz nɑt kin ɔn ðə. ˈwildɪŋ ðə ˈgəvərnmənts æks noʊ səˈpraɪz, ðɛn, ðət ðə nu ˈgəvərnmənt həz nɑt ˈæktɪd ɔn ðə ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz ənd ˌɪnˈstɛd wɔnts tɪ æks ðə ˈʧɛrɪtiz kəˈmɪʃən. ɪt həz ɔˈrɛdi ʃoʊn, ɪn ɪts ˌɪnˈtɛnt tɪ ˈwɔtər daʊn fˈjuʧər əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ədˈvaɪs ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən soʊ ðət ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ædˈvaɪzərz wʊd nɑt bi rikˈwaɪərd tɪ ækt ɪn ðə bɛst ˈɪntərɪsts əv ðɛr klaɪənts, ðət ɪt ɪz əˈmɛnəbəl tɪ ðə ˈwɪʃɪz əv bɪg ˈfaɪˌnæns. ðət ɪz nɑt tɪ səˈʤɛst ðə ˈlɪˌbərəl ˈpɑrti ɪz ˈæktɪŋ æt ðə bɪˈhɛst əv ðə ˈfaɪˌnæns ˈsɛktər. ˌɪnˈdid, ˈkɛvɪn ˈænˌdruz, hu ɪz ˈrənɪŋ ðə hoʊl ʃoʊ ˈtɛknɪkəli, ɪt ʃʊd bi ðə riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti əv ðə əˈsɪstənt ˈtrɛʒərər ɪz ˈwaɪdli kənˈsɪdərd tɪ hæv ˈəðər ˈmoʊtɪvz. stɪl, ðə məst fil ðət ɪts ˈʤɛnərəs pəˈlɪtɪkəl doʊˈneɪʃənz hæv nɑt bɪn ɪnˈtaɪərli ˈweɪstɪd. ə kwɪk sərʧ əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ɪˈlɛktərəl kəˈmɪʃən ˈdætəˌbeɪs ɔn pəˈlɪtɪkəl doʊˈneɪʃənz ʃoʊz ðət ɪn ðə pæst tu ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl jɪrz, ənd ðə kɪkt ɪn tɪ ðə nɔrθ ˈsɪdni ˈfɔrəm. kloʊz əbˈzərvərz əv ˈpɑləˌtɪks wɪl ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɪs ɛz ə ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ˈviɪkəl fər ˈtrɛʒərər ʤoʊ ˈhɑki; ðə seɪm wən ðət rɪˈsivd (ənd riˈpeɪd) frəm ɔˈstreɪljən ˈwɔtər ˈhoʊldɪŋz, ðə ˈkəmpəˌni æt ðə ˈsɛntər əv ə ˈkɑrənt ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən baɪ ðə ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt kəˈmɪʃən əˈgɛnst kərˈəpʃən. ðə ˈɔlsoʊ geɪv təˈwɔrdz ðə kæmˈpeɪn əv ðə ˈmɪnɪstər fər ˈfaɪˌnæns, məˈθaɪəs cormann*, ɪn ənd tɪ ðə liberals’*’ ˈsɛnɪt kæmˈpeɪn ɪn hoʊm steɪt, ˈwɛstərn ɔˈstreɪljə, ɪn ˈleɪbər gɑt səm, tu, ˌɔlˈðoʊ nɑt ɛz məʧ. ˈfɔrmər əˈsɪstənt ˈtrɛʒərər ˈdeɪvɪd ˈbrædˌbɛri rɪˈsivd ˈoʊvər ðə tu jɪrz; ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈʃæˌdoʊ ˈtrɛʒərər, krɪs boʊən, rɪˈsivd 3600 ə ˈnəmbər əv backbenchers*, frəm boʊθ ˈmeɪʤər ˈpɑrtiz, ˈɔlsoʊ hæd doʊˈneɪʃənz dɪˈrɛktɪd təˈwɔrdz ðɛr ˈpərsɪnəl kæmˈpeɪnz. ɪn ˈɛvəri keɪs, ðeɪ wər ˈmɛmbərz əv ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈsərvɪsɪz kəˈmɪti. moʊst pəˈlɪtɪkəl ˈdoʊnərz gɪv dɪˈrɛkt tɪ ˈpɑrti ˈhɛdˌkɔrtərz. ðə dɪd ðət, tu, bət ɪts ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈpætərn əv doʊˈneɪʃənz wɑz ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl bɪˈkəz ɪt wɑz soʊ ˈkloʊsli ˈtɑrgətɪd tɪ ˈpipəl hu maɪt hæv ˈɪnfluəns ɔn ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən. ˌwəˈtɛvər maɪt bi meɪd əv ðɪs, ðə fækt ɪz ðə ˈgəvərnmənt ɪz ˌɪnˈtɛnt ɔn ˈnɑkɪŋ ɔf ə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ðət həz lɔŋ bɪn dɪˈmændɪd ənd ðət ɪz ˌɪnˈkrisɪŋgli ˈstrɔŋli səˈpɔrtɪd baɪ ðə ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈsɛktər. wɑz əˈbaʊt tu ˈdɛkeɪdz əv ˈlɑbiɪŋ fər ə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər, ənd sɪks ˈfɔrməl ˌɪnkˈwaɪəriz, baɪ ðə ˈɪndəstri kəˈmɪʃən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri əv 1995 ənd ðə 2010 ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti kəˈmɪʃən ˌɪnkˈwaɪˌri, ʧɛrd baɪ ˈrɑbərt fɪtsˈʤɛrəld, wɪʧ prəˈdust kwaɪt ən ˌɪnfluˈɛnʃəl report,”*,” sɪz ðə ɔˈstreɪljən ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd hɛd, ˈsuzən ˈpæskoʊ. hæd ə proʊˈtræktɪd ˈpɪriəd əv dɪˈvɛləpmənt, wɪʧ bɪˈgæn wɪθ ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈɑbʤɛkt, wɪʧ wɑz tɪ prəˈmoʊt ˈpəblɪk trəst ənd ˈkɑnfədɛns ɪn ðə ˈsɛktər. ðə ˈsɛktər fɛlt ðɪs ˌɪmˈplaɪd ðɛr wɑz ə ˈdɛfəsət, ənd ˈlɑbid fər tu ˈɛkstrə əˈbʤɛktɪvz: tɪ gɪt ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ənd ˈɪnəˌveɪtɪv ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ənd rɪˈdəkʃən ɪn rɛd tape.”*.” ðə "rɛd teɪp" ˈkərəntli, ˈʧɛrɪtiz məst rɪˈpɔrt tɪ ə hoʊst əv ˈdɪfərənt ˈeɪʤənsiz. ə ˈnæʃənəl ˈʧɛrɪti, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, həz tɪ ˈsætɪsˌfaɪ ðə rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv iʧ steɪt. ðə ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ˈsɛtɪŋ əp ðə ɛz ə ˈsɪŋgəl ˈnæʃənəl ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər ɪz ðət wəns ˈrɛʤɪstərd wɪθ ɪt, ˈʧɛrɪtiz gɪt ə passport”*”, wɪʧ friz ðɛm əv ðə ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən tɪ ɪˈstæblɪʃ ðɛr ˈboʊnə faɪdz rɪˈpitɪdli wɪθ ˈəðər ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ ənd steɪt ˈeɪʤənsiz. ðoʊz ˈəðər ˈeɪʤənsiz hæv ˈsɪmpli tɪ ʧɛk wɪθ ðə ˈdætəˌbeɪs. wəns, juz often”*” ɪz ðə ˈmæntrə. ðə fərst rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˈdɛˌdlaɪn ɪz ˈɪmənənt, ənd əˈbaʊt əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz hæv gɑt ðɛr ˈdætə ɪn. ˈsɛntrəl ˈrizən ɪt wɑz sɛt əp wɑz nɑt tɪ æd leɪərz bət tɪ rɪˈdus ðə wərst θɪŋ ˈʧɛrɪtiz hæv tɪ feɪs, wɪʧ ɪz ðə ˈmɪʃˌmæʃ əv ˈsoʊˈkɔld ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən əv ˈʧɛrətəbəl fundraising,”*,” sɪz æn ˈrɑbənsən, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə ɔˈstreɪljən lɔ əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən, ənd ˈprɪnsəpəl əv ðə ˈlɑrʤəst lɔ fərm ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə ˈdilɪŋ ɪkˈsklusɪvli wɪθ ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd ˈnɑnˈprɔfɪts. ʤɪst dɪsˈgreɪsfəl ðət ɪn ðɪs deɪ ənd eɪʤ ju ˈkænɑt du ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ əˈkrɔs steɪt ˈbɔrdərz wɪˈθaʊt ˈhævɪŋ tɪ goʊ θru rɪˈdɪkjələs ˈməltəpəl rəˈʒimz əv regulation.”*.” tɪ ˈɑrgju, ɛz ˈkɛvɪn ˈænˌdruz dɪz, ðət əˈbɑlɪʃɪŋ ðə wɪl kət ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən ɪz ən nonsense”*”, ʃi sɪz. tɪ ðə ɪkˈstɛnt ðət ðɛr ɪz ˈɛni truθ ɪn wət ˈænˌdruz sɪz, ɪt ɪz ˈoʊnli bɪˈkəz moʊst əv ðə steɪts hæv nɑt jɛt saɪnd əp tɪ ðə aɪˈdiə əv ˈsidɪŋ ˈrɛgjələˌtɔri paʊər tɪ ðə ˈneɪsənt ˈfɛdərəl ˈbɑdi. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt, ənd ðə, ər ˈjuzɪŋ ɪts ɛz jɛt ˌɪnkəmˈplit fɔrm tɪ ˈɑrgju ðət ðə ɪz ˈædɪŋ ə leɪər əv rɛd teɪp, wɪn ɪn fækt ɪt wɪl ˈstrimˌlaɪn ðə ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈməltəpəl ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz wəns ðə steɪts gɪt ɔn bɔrd. ˈænˌdruz ənd ðə ʧərʧ ˈvərsəz ðə kəˈmɪʃən æn, ən ˌækəˈdɛmɪk hu həz wərkt ɪn ðə ˈɛriə əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz fər mɔr ðən ə ˈdɛkeɪd, ənd hu ɪˈstæblɪʃt ðə ˈprɑʤɛkt æt ˈmɛlbərn lɔ skul, ɪz əˈnəðər hu ˈɑrgjuz ðə ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt əv ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər wɑz lɔŋ ˈoʊvərˈdu, ənd ɪz nɑt ˌpɑrˈtɪkjələrli ˈoʊnərəs fər moʊst ˈʧɛrɪtiz. mi, rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ [tɪ ðə] ɪz ʤɪst ðə ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən ju peɪ ɪf ju wɔnt ðə tæks concessions,”*,” ʃi sɪz. ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts ˈvɛri dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn ðə saɪz əv ðə ˈʧɛrɪti. fər moʊst, ʃi sɪz, ɪt əˈmaʊnts tɪ ˈænsərɪŋ fjuər ðən 20 basic”*” kˈwɛsʧənz. pər sɛnt əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz ðə smɔl wənz hæv noʊ ˈəðər rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃənz. ðeɪ hæv tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈpɔrts. ˈʧɛrɪtiz ðət hæv ˈrɛvəˌnu əv mɔr ðən ə jɪr ˈmidiəm ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd ˈʧɛrɪtiz ðət hæv mɔr ðən 1 ˈmɪljən ə jɪr, hæv tɪ prəˈvaɪd ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl rɪˈpɔrts, ɛz ðeɪ wʊd fər ə ˈkɔrpərət regulator,”*,” sɪz. ““andrews’*’ ˈgɪvɪn ˈrizən ɪz ðət əˈbaʊt ðə ˌæbəˈlɪʃən əv rɛd teɪp, ðət ɪn ɪt tɪ hɛlp ðə sector.”*.” bət, ʃi noʊts, ˈsərˌveɪz əv ˈʧɛrɪtiz hæv ʃoʊn əˈbaʊt 80 pər sɛnt səˈpɔrt ðə. nɑt duɪŋ ɪt fər ðə ˈsɛktər broadly.”*.” soʊ wət ɪz ˈdraɪvɪŋ andrews’*’ fɪrs dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ kɪl ðə kəˈmɪʃən? ““well,”*,” sɪz, ənd ʤɔrʤ pɛl ər ˈvɛri kloʊz ənd pɛl ɪz ɔn ðə ˈrɛkərd seɪɪŋ hi laɪk ðə, kwaɪt ˈərli on.”*.” ɛz ˈɛniˌwən hu həz peɪd ˈɛni əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə ʧaɪld əˈbjuz rɔɪəl kəˈmɪʃən, ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈkɑrdɪnəl ˈɛvədəns, wɪl bi əˈwɛr, ðə ʧərʧ dɪz nɑt ˈrɛdəli rɪˈvil ˈditeɪlz əv ɪts ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl əˈfɛrz tɪ ˈɛnibədi. sɪz ðət dɪˈspaɪt andrews’*’ ˈprɑməs tɪ kənˈsəlt ˈwaɪdli ɔn ðə ˈsəbʤɪkt əv ˈʧɛrɪti ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃən, ðɪs ˈhæpənd. wɑz ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ɔn ðə ˈwɛbˌsaɪt ðət ðeɪ wʊd bi ˈkɛriɪŋ aʊt ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz, ənd ðət ə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən ˈdɑkjəmɛnt wʊd bi əˈveɪləbəl æt ðə ɛnd əv ˈʤænjuˌɛri. wɛl ɪt ˈnɛvər keɪm. ðɛn wi wər toʊld ðɛr bi wən. aɪ kən ˈkɑnfədəntli seɪ ðɛr həz bɪn ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃən wɪθ ˌrɛprɪˈzɛnətɪvz əv ðə ˈkæθlɪk ʧərʧ. ðeɪ hæv toʊld mi hæd dɪˈteɪld dɪˈskəʃənz. ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɛls həz bɪn consulted.”*.” andrews’*’ ˈɔfəs dɪˈnaɪz ðɪs. ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ kˈwɛsʧənz frəm ðə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈpeɪpər, rɪkˈwɛstɪŋ ˈditeɪl ɔn ðoʊz əˈlɛʤd ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz, ənd ɪn ˌpɑˈtɪkjələr ˈwɛðər ðoʊz ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz hæd ˌɪnˈkludɪd ðə, hɪz ˈɔfəs sɛd: ˈmɪnɪstər həz mɛt wɪθ mɔr ðən 200 ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz ri: ðə kəˈmɪtmənt tɪ əˈbɑlɪʃ ðə, ˌhaʊˈɛvər hi ˈʧuzɪz nɑt tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðɛm, ɛz ðə ˌkɑnsəlˈteɪʃənz hæv bɪn private.”*.” hɪz ˈɔfəs dɪd, ˌhaʊˈɛvər, ˈnɑməˌneɪt səm grups ðət kleɪmd tɪ bi əˈpoʊzd tɪ ðə. səm əv ðiz ˈsaɪtɪd ɪgˈzæmpəlz ər kwaɪt mɪsˈlidɪŋ. andrews’*’ ˈɔfəs ˈpɔɪntɪd tɪ critical”*” ˈkɑmɛnts rɪˈgɑrdɪŋ ðə rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ rɪkˈwaɪrmənts əv ðə kəˈmɪʃən baɪ ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ˈlɑrʤəst ˈʤɛnərəl ˈwɛlˌfɛr ənd ˈʧɛrɪti prəˈvaɪdər, ðə juˈnaɪtɪŋ, wɪʧ həz səm ɪmˈplɔɪiz ənd əˈnəðər ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ˈwərkɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈsɛktər. ɪn fækt, həz lɔŋ sɪns kəm tɪ ən əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən wɪθ ðə, ənd ˈstrɔŋli səˈpɔrts ɪts ˈmɪʃən. həz ˈlɪftɪd rɛd teɪp already,”*,” sɪz tɪm ˌkɔˈstɛloʊ, ˈʧɛrmən əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈkaʊnsəl fər ɔˈstreɪljə, wɪʧ ˈrisəntli ən ˈoʊpən ˈlɛtər əv səˈpɔrt fər ðə kəˈmɪʃən frəm ə lɑrʤ ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˈɪntərɪsts. soʊ məʧ ˈsɪmpələr fər ðə ˈsɛktər tɪ hæv ðə ɛz ə ʃɑp. ənd ˈsərtənli məʧ ˈbɛtər fər trænˈspɛrənsi fər ˈdoʊnərz, hu ər ˈʤəstəˌfaɪəbli kənfˈjuzd. əˈbaʊt wən ˈʧɛrɪti fər ˈɛvəri 350 ɔˈstreɪljənz. ˈprɪti əˈpɛrənt ðɛr ər ˈoʊnli tu meɪn grups ðət ər ˈstrɔŋli opposed,”*,” hi sɪz. ˌtrəˈstiz, hu ˈhændəl dɛd ˈməni, ər ə ˈmeɪʤər sɔrs əv ˌɑpəˈzɪʃən bɪˈkəz ðeɪ wɔnt trænˈspɛrənsi əˈbaʊt wət ðeɪ ʧɑrʤ. ðə ˈəðər ɪz ðə ˈkæθlɪks, ˈivɪn ðoʊ səm ˈkæθlɪk ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz saɪnd ɑr letter.”*.” ˌkɔˈstɛloʊ kənˈsidz ðət: ˈænˌdruz maɪt hæv bɪn raɪt əˈbaʊt jɪrz əˈgoʊ, wɪn ɪt ˈstɑrtɪd. ðɛr wər ə lɔt əv ˈjuˈɛs ˈgrəmbəlɪŋ ðɛn əˈbaʊt trænsˈfərɪŋ ɑr ˈdætə tɪ ðə. bət naʊ ˈæˌkʧuəli sɛt əp ənd ˈfəŋkʃənɪŋ ənd riˈzɑlvɪŋ ˈɪʃuz fər ˈʧɛrɪtiz ðə ˈsɛktər həz kəm tɪ si ðə ˌproʊdəkˈtɪvɪti kəˈmɪʃən gɑt ɪt raɪt. goʊɪŋ wɪl bi grivd, ɪf ɪt goes.”*.” ənd ðət ɪz ðə bɪg ˈoʊpən kˈwɛʃən naʊ. ðə ˈgəvərnmənt əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv noʊ ʧæns əv ˈgɪtɪŋ rɪˈpil ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən θru ðə ˈkɑrənt ˈsɛnɪt. ɪt ɪz ˈlaɪkli ðət wɪn ðə nu ˈsɛnɪt kəmz ɪn, ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ, ðə feɪt əv ðə ˈrɛgjəˌleɪtər maɪt dɪˈpɛnd ɔn ðə vju əv klaɪv ˈpɑmər. sɪz ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkrɔzbi, ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ðə kəmˈjunɪti ˈkaʊnsəl: wʊd bi ˈvɛri səˈpraɪzd ɪf klaɪv ˈpɑmər, hu aɪ noʊ wərks wɪˈθɪn hɪz oʊn ɪˈlɛktərət wɪθ ə ˈnəmbər əv ˈʧɛrətəbəl ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃənz ənd hu ɪz hɪmˈsɛlf ə səˈpɔrtər əv ðə ˌfɪlənθˈrɑpɪk ˈsɛktər, wʊd lʊk æt ðɪs ənd seɪ, ðiz ˈlidərz ɪn ðə ˈʧɛrɪtiz ˈsɛktər ənd ɔl ðiz ˈsərˌveɪz min anything.’”*.’” fər naʊ, fər ɔl ˈkɛvɪn andrews’*’ ˈzɛləs dɪˌtərməˈneɪʃən tɪ kɪl ðə, ɪt ɪz nɑt jɛt ɪn ðə pəˈzɪʃən əv ðoʊz ˈʤɛnərəs soʊlz hu kənˈtrɪbjut soʊ məʧ tɪ ˈʧɛrɪti ɪn ɔˈstreɪljə: dɛd.
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dead people are very important to australian charities. from beyond the grave, through the trustees of their estates, they give tens and probably hundreds of millions of dollars to charitable causes every year. exactly how much they give is hard to say, for reasons that will become obvious later.
we can say, however, that dead people account for most of the 2100-odd charitable trusts or foundations that exist in australia, which hold total assets of about $3.2 billion.
being dead, these people cannot have any strongly held views on the subject of the australian charities and not-for-profits commission (acnc), set up less than 18 months ago by the federal government to regulate the charitable sector.
but the private companies that administer those charitable trusts do have strongly held views on the acnc. they hate it.
among the distinct minority of players in the $60 billion charitable sector who oppose the greater transparency the new commission brings, those trust companies are probably the most vehement. more vehement even than the catholic church, which is another major opponent. possibly even more vehement than the minister for social services, kevin andrews, who is leading the abbott government’s charge to kill off the acnc.
the move to abolish it was introduced among the raft of trivial acts and regulations scrapped during the abbott government’s “repeal day” last week, and is one of those demanding close scrutiny. andrews presents the quite false pretext that it will spare charities the burden of “red tape”. he has given no clear indication of what, if anything, might replace it.
why the commission frightened the trust companies
the trust companies provide a case study of the conflict between greed and altruism.
in a media release last week, they repeated their desire to see the “abolishment” (sic) of the new charities commission, and claimed benevolent motives. they claim their opposition is based on the cost of complying with its financial disclosure requirements, which they estimate at $2 million.
the release quoted john brogden, the former leader of the nsw liberal party, now ceo of the financial sector peak body, the financial services council (fsc), which encompasses the private trust companies.
“this is money which can be allocated to charitable areas where it is most needed,” he said.
a number of australia’s biggest charitable donors, and biggest charitable recipients, not to mention a recent inquiry into the administration of charitable trusts, would suggest the motives of brogden, the fsc and the trust companies are far from the claimed altruism.
one of the agents for those big donors is peter winneke who, as head of philanthropic services for the myer family company, is an expert in the area of large-scale philanthropy and the trusts and foundations through which it is distributed.
he found the fsc press release “breathtaking” in its disingenuousness. the real concern of the trust companies, he says, is not the $2 million in compliance costs. “there’s a bigger agenda here.”
much bigger. the real concern the companies have about the acnc, according to winneke, is that its scrutiny of their presently opaque administration of those charitable trusts will reveal the grossly excessive fees they take for looking after the bequests of philanthropists, most of them dead.
"the real concern is that scrutiny of their opaque administration will reveal the grossly excessive fees they take." – peter winneke
he describes as “a national scandal” the situation in which tens of millions of dollars each year are being siphoned off to pad the bottom lines of the for-profit companies, instead of going to the charitable purposes for which they were intended.
the law relating to trusts has changed a lot since the 1900s, when trustee companies were essentially publicly owned companies whose sole function was to guard assets left on behalf of those in need. today they are almost all stock exchange-listed, profit-driven financial service companies.
their fee structures, long excessive in the view of winneke and many others, have inflated vastly more since amendments to the corporations law in 2009 allowed them to change the basis for charging fees.
“it’s complex legally, but the point is it made things worse,” says winneke. “in the past, fees were charged on a percentage of income. the changes made it chargeable on a percentage of capital. in many cases that meant the fees could increase substantially.”
by “substantially”, he means hundreds of per cent in some cases. he cites an example in which 40 per cent of the earnings of a trust can be siphoned off in fees.
a couple of years ago, winneke was among a collection of major donors and charities, which, under the name the charitable alliance, began pushing the then labor government for an inquiry into the administration of these charitable trusts.
they got one, conducted by a body called the corporations and markets advisory committee (camac), a small but high-powered independent committee of experts set up to advise government on matters financial. its membership includes the head of asic, greg medcraft.
the alliance put together a comprehensive submission, including a raft of case studies.
“of course,” says winneke, “we could only collect case studies where there are family co-trustees. in most cases the company is the sole trustee, so nobody’s got any idea what is happening.”
the submission went up on the camac website, but only lasted a couple of days before the trustee companies demanded it be pulled down.
at the end of the inquiry, though, the committee found real problems with the way these trustees operated: their lack of transparency, the level of their fees and charges, and their unaccountability, even to co-trustees who were family members of the deceased.
it made a number of recommendations, including changes to the relevant part of the corporations act, to rein in fees. it also, most relevantly here, recommended that a series of “stewardship audits” be carried out, to ensure those licensed trust companies were fairly administering the money they were supposed to be managing for charitable purposes.
the suggestion was that the new regulator, the australian charities and not-for-profits commission, be the body to carry out those audits.
this looked very bad for the trustee companies.
they hadn’t liked the idea of a new regulator of charities to begin with. in 2010, before the legislation creating the acnc even came in, the financial services council lobbied hard to be excluded from its purview, on the basis that “the trustees of a charitable fund cannot properly be described as an organisation that is operating in the nfp [not-for-profit] sector”.
that argument didn’t wash, notwithstanding the fact that these trust companies are for-profit, listed companies, in the business to make a buck out of it. the fact is, the trusts they administer were set up to support charitable causes. and so they were required to report – just like other charitable concerns – their revenue, assets, expenses, grants – a whole lot of stuff that had not before been public.
as if that wasn’t bad enough, now camac was recommending the government sool the new regulator onto them, to audit them to see if they were siphoning off excessive amounts from the estates of the dead.
fortunately for the trustee companies, the report from the camac only came out in the dying months of the labor government. no action was taken; labor probably had other things to worry about, such as whether kevin rudd or julia gillard was more likely to minimise its electoral defeat.
and the then opposition had already signalled, well before the election, that it was not keen on the acnc.
wielding the government's axe
no surprise, then, that the new government has not acted on the camac recommendations and instead wants to axe the charities commission. it has already shown, in its intent to water down future of financial advice legislation so that financial advisers would not be required to act in the best interests of their clients, that it is amenable to the wishes of big finance.
that is not to suggest the liberal party is acting at the behest of the finance sector. indeed, kevin andrews, who is running the whole show – technically, it should be the responsibility of the assistant treasurer – is widely considered to have other motives.
still, the fsc must feel that its generous political donations have not been entirely wasted.
a quick search of the australian electoral commission database on political donations shows that in the past two financial years, 2011-12 and 2012-13, the fsc kicked in $22,000 to the north sydney forum.
close observers of politics will recognise this as a fundraising vehicle for treasurer joe hockey; the same one that received (and repaid) $33,000 from australian water holdings, the company at the centre of a current investigation by the nsw independent commission against corruption.
the fsc also gave $10,000 towards the campaign of the minister for finance, mathias cormann, in 2012-13, and $20,000 to the liberals’ senate campaign in cormann’s home state, western australia, in 2011-12.
labor got some, too, although not as much. former assistant treasurer david bradbury received $11,700 over the two years; the current shadow treasurer, chris bowen, received $3600. a number of backbenchers, from both major parties, also had donations directed towards their personal campaigns. in every case, they were members of parliament’s financial services committee.
most political donors give direct to party headquarters. the fsc did that, too, but its overall pattern of donations was exceptional because it was so closely targeted to people who might have influence on financial regulation.
whatever might be made of this, the fact is the government is intent on knocking off a regulator that has long been demanded and that is increasingly strongly supported by the charitable sector.
“there was about two decades of lobbying for a regulator, and six formal inquiries, bookended by the industry commission inquiry of 1995 and the 2010 productivity commission inquiry, chaired by robert fitzgerald, which produced quite an influential report,” says the australian charities and not-for-profits commission’s head, susan pascoe.
“it had a protracted period of development, which began with a single object, which was to promote public trust and confidence in the sector. the sector felt this implied there was a deficit, and lobbied for two extra objectives: to get an independent and innovative regulator and reduction in red tape.”
the "red tape" furphy
currently, charities must report to a host of different agencies. a national charity, for example, has to satisfy the requirements of each state. the benefit of setting up the acnc as a single national regulator is that once registered with it, charities get a “charity passport”, which frees them of the obligation to establish their bona fides repeatedly with other commonwealth and state agencies. those other agencies have simply to check with the acnc database. “report once, use often” is the mantra.
the first reporting deadline is imminent, and about 20,000 of 30,000 charities have got their data in.
“the central reason it was set up was not to add layers but to reduce the worst thing charities have to face, which is the mishmash of so-called regulation of charitable fundraising,” says anne robinson, chairman of the australian law association, and principal of the largest law firm in australia dealing exclusively with charities and non-profits.
“it’s just disgraceful that in this day and age you cannot do charitable fundraising across state borders without having to go through ridiculous multiple regimes of regulation.”
to argue, as kevin andrews does, that abolishing the acnc will cut regulation is an “absolute nonsense”, she says.
to the extent that there is any truth in what andrews says, it is only because most of the states have not yet signed up to the idea of ceding regulatory power to the nascent federal body. the government, and the fsc, are using its as yet incomplete form to argue that the acnc is adding a layer of red tape, when in fact it will streamline the existing multiple regulations once the states get on board.
andrews and the church vs the commission
ann o’connell, an academic who has worked in the area of charities for more than a decade, and who established the not-for-profit project at melbourne law school, is another who argues the establishment of the regulator was long overdue, and is not particularly onerous for most charities.
“to me, reporting [to the acnc] is just the obligation you pay if you want the tax concessions,” she says.
the reporting requirements vary depending on the size of the charity. for most, she says, it amounts to answering fewer than 20 “very basic” questions.
“seventy-eight per cent of charities – the small ones – have no other reporting obligations. they don’t have to provide financial reports.
“only charities that have revenue of more than $250,000 a year – medium charities – and charities that have more than $1 million a year, have to provide financial reports, as they would for a corporate regulator,” says o’connell.
“andrews’ given reason is that it’s about the abolition of red tape, that he’s in it to help the sector.”
but, she notes, surveys of charities have shown about 80 per cent support the acnc.
“so he’s not doing it for the sector broadly.”
so what is driving andrews’ fierce determination to kill the commission?
“well,” o’connell says, “andrews and george pell are very close and pell is on the record saying he didn’t like the acnc, quite early on.”
as anyone who has paid any attention to the child abuse royal commission, and in particular cardinal pell’s evidence, will be aware, the church does not readily reveal details of its financial affairs to anybody.
o’connell says that despite andrews’ promise to consult widely on the subject of charity regulation, this hasn’t happened.
“it was advertised on the department’s website that they would be carrying out consultations, and that a consultation document would be available at the end of january. well it never came. then we were told there wouldn’t be one. i can confidently say there has been consultation with representatives of the catholic church. they have told me they’ve had detailed discussions. nobody else has been consulted.”
andrews’ office denies this. in response to questions from the saturday paper, requesting detail on those alleged consultations, and in particular whether those consultations had included the fsc, his office said:
“the minister has met with more than 200 stakeholders re: the coalition’s pre-election commitment to abolish the acnc, however he chooses not to identify them, as the consultations have been private.”
his office did, however, nominate some groups that claimed to be opposed to the acnc.
some of these cited examples are quite misleading. andrews’ office pointed to “particularly critical” comments regarding the reporting requirements of the commission by probably the largest general welfare and aged-care charity provider, the uniting church’s unitingcare, which has some 38,000 employees and another 27,000 volunteers working in the sector.
in fact, unitingcare has long since come to an accommodation with the acnc, and strongly supports its mission.
“the acnc has lifted red tape already,” says tim costello, chairman of the community council for australia, which recently organised an open letter of support for the commission from a large number of charitable interests.
“it’s so much simpler for the sector to have the acnc as a one-stop shop. and it’s certainly much better for transparency for donors, who are justifiably confused. there’s about one charity for every 350 australians.
“it’s pretty apparent there are only two main groups that are strongly opposed,” he says.
“the trustees, who handle dead people’s money, are a major source of opposition because they don’t want transparency about what they charge. the other is the catholics, even though some catholic organisations signed our letter.”
costello concedes that: “kevin andrews might have been right about two-and-a-half years ago, when it started. there were a lot of us grumbling then about transferring our data to the acnc. but now it’s actually set up and functioning and resolving issues for charities … the sector has come to see the productivity commission got it right. it’s going will be grieved, if it goes.”
and that is the big open question now. the government appears to have no chance of getting repeal legislation through the current senate. it is likely that when the new senate comes in, in july, the fate of the regulator might depend on the view of clive palmer.
says david crosbie, ceo of the community council: “i would be very surprised if clive palmer, who i know works within his own electorate with a number of charitable organisations and who is himself a supporter of the philanthropic sector, would look at this and say, ‘all these leaders in the charities sector and all these surveys don’t mean anything.’”
for now, for all kevin andrews’ zealous determination to kill the acnc, it is not yet in the position of those 2000-odd generous souls who contribute so much to charity in australia: dead.
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əˈpɑrt frəm ðə ˈəpˌdeɪts ðət ə vərˈaɪəti əv ˈridərz sɛnt ˈjɛstərˌdeɪ əˈbaʊt ðə ˈseɪdɪzəm əv ə ˈdeɪvɪs pəˈlismɪn, lɛt mi ˈmɛnʃən ə fju mɔr lɪŋks ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz: 1 ˈnoʊtɪs ðə kraʊd. ðɪs ɪz ə pɔɪnt aɪ wɪʃ aɪ hæd meɪd ðə fərst taɪm əraʊnd. waɪl ðə fərst 60 ˈsɛkəndz əv ðə ˈjuˌtub ˈvɪdioʊ ər ˈdɑməˌneɪtəd baɪ ðə ˈʃɑkɪŋli kɑm bruˈtælɪti əv ðə pəˈlismən, ðə rɛst əv ɪt ɪz rɪˈmɑrkəbəl ˈmeɪnli fər ðə ˈstoʊəˌsɪzəm ənd riˈzɑlv əv ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz. ju doʊnt hæv tɪ aɪˈdiəˌlaɪz ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ əˈbaʊt ðɛm ər ðə ˈɑkjəˌpaɪ ˈmuvmənt tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðɪs ɛz ə ˈmɔrəl ˈdrɑmə ðət ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz ˈklɪrli wən. ðə ˌsɛlfkənˈtroʊl ðeɪ ʃoʊ, waɪl biɪŋ əˈsɔltɪd, riˈmaɪndz mi əv ˈgreɪni ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ˈfʊtɪʤ aɪ sɔ ɛz ə kɪd, əv blæk ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈproʊˌtɛstərz biɪŋ baɪ bʊl pəˈlismɪn ɪn ˌæləˈbæmə. ər əv kɔrs ðə tæŋk mæn ɪn tiˈɛnænˌmɛn skwɛr. səʧ ˈɪmɪʤɪz kən hæv trɪˈmɛndəs, ˈlæstɪŋ paʊər. (ˈklæsɪk ˌeɪˈpi ˈfoʊˌtoʊ frəm ðə ˈərli bɪˈloʊ, ˈfɑloʊd baɪ braɪən nuˈjɛn ˈfoʊˌtoʊ frəm ˈdeɪvɪs.) wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn ɪz ə wɔr əv aɪˈdiəz, beɪst ɪn tərn ɔn ˈmɔrəl ˈstændɪŋ. ðɪs ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt, wɪʧ ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ˈmɪnət 1 wɪθ pəˈlis ənd ˈɛndɪd ɪn ˈmɪnət 8 wɪθ ˈnərvəs pəˈlis riˈtrit, wɑz ə 2 wət ðɪs ʃoʊz əˈbaʊt ɑr pəˈlis, ənd ˈjuˈɛs. θri əv maɪ əˈtlæntɪk ˈkɑligz hæv æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈvɛri məʧ wərθ ˈrɛdɪŋ. 3 ˈʃutɪŋ ˈvərsəz spreɪɪŋ. ˈridər mɪz sɛndz ɪn ə lɪŋk tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈdeɪvɪs ˈvɪdioʊ. aɪd laɪk tɪ dɪˈrɛkt tɪ ju tɪ ðɪs fɑr lɛs ˈpəblɪˌsaɪzd ˈvɪdioʊ ðət stɑrts ə ˈkəpəl əv ˈmɪnəts ˈərliər ɪn ðə ˈɪnsədənt, wɛr ˈɔfɪsər paɪk [hu dɪd ðə spreɪɪŋ] simz tɪ hæv θˈrɛtənd ðə ˈstudənts ðət hi ənd hɪz mɛn wʊd ʃut ðɛm: æt ðət pɔɪnt ɪn ðə ˈvɪdioʊ, ðeɪ ər ˈklɪrli ˈbrændɪʃɪŋ ðɛr nɑnˈliθəl gənz. əˈgɛn, mɔr kˈwɛsʧənz... əm ʃʊr hi wʊd naʊ traɪ tɪ seɪ hi mɛnt 'ʃut ðɛm wɪθ ˈpɛpər spreɪ', bət ˈnoʊtɪs hɪz ˈɔfɪsərz' ˈpɑsʧər ənd ðət paɪk ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli riˈʤɔɪnz ðɛr ræŋks. ɪts ˈoʊnli ˈleɪtər, ˈæftər ðə kraʊd ˈjɛlɪŋ "doʊnt ʃut ˈstudənts" ənd səm ˈsimɪŋ dɪˌlɪbərˈeɪʃən ðət ðə ˈpɛpər spreɪ ɪz fɛʧt. pləs, waɪ juz ðə vərb "ʃut", wɪn "spreɪ" wʊd bi mɔr əˈproʊpriˌeɪt? haʊ nɑnˈliθəl ɪz ɪt tɪ ʃut ðoʊz gənz frəm ə ˈstændɪŋ pəˈzɪʃən daʊn təˈwɔrdz ðə hɛdz əv ˈproʊˌtɛstərz æt kloʊz reɪnʤ? dɪz ɪt nɑt æt list ˈvaɪəleɪt ˈpɑləsi tɪ ʃut ˈivɪn nɑnˈliθəl gənz æt ðət hæv ðɛr bæk tərnd tɪ ju, ˈɑrənt ˈmɛnəsɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən, ənd ˈɑrənt fliɪŋ? ɪts klɪr tɪ ə vjuər əv ðə ˈvɪdioʊ ðət paɪk mɛnt ðət hɪz ˈɔfɪsərz wʊd ʃut ˈproʊˌtɛstərz wɪθ nɑnˈliθəl ˈwɛpənz, nɑt ðɛr ˈliθəl ˈfaɪˌrɑrmz. ˌhaʊˈɛvər, kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ðə ˈsitɪd ˈproʊˌtɛstərz hæd ðɛr bæks tɪ ðə ˈɔfɪsərz, ðeɪ noʊ ðət? 4 ˈkæmərəz. ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv ˈrɪtən ɪn tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt, ðə saɪn əv ə ˈmɑdərn ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈmuvmənt ɪz ðə ˌɑmnəˈprɛzəns əv ˈkæmərəz. səm pəˈlis əˈfɪʃəlz, səm ˈproʊˌtɛstərz, ənd ˈnɪrli ɔl ˈɔnˌlʊkərz ər rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˌwəˈtɛvər goʊz ɔn. wi kænt ˌɪˈmæʤən ɔl ðə ˈifɛkts əv ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti, bət wən ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪz ˈsərtənli ðə wən koʊeɪts pɔɪnts aʊt: səm ˈgreɪtər əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ənd fər pəˈlis kleɪmz ðət ðeɪ "hæd" tɪ juz ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs. ˈændru sprəŋ 5 pəˈlis drɛst ɛz stɔrm ˈtrupərz. maɪ ˈpriviəs poʊst ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə kˈwɛʃən. ə ˈridər kwoʊts ɪt ənd ˈɔfərz ən ˈænsər: "ənd baɪ ðə weɪ, wɪn dɪd wi əkˈsɛpt ðə aɪˈdiə ðət ˈloʊkəl pəˈlis ˈfɔrsɪz wʊd ˈɔlˌweɪz drɛs əp ɪn raɪət gɪr ðət juzd tɪ bi əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd wɪθ stɔrm ˈtrupərz ənd ˌsaɪˈfaɪ ˈmuviz?" əˈbaʊt ðə early-1990s*, wɪθ ˈdɛrəl geɪts' ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi. geɪts ˈɔlˌweɪz sɔ ðə pəˈlis ɛz ˌpɛrəˈmɪləˌtɛri aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər ðə lɑ taɪmz ˈpɔɪntɪŋ aʊt ˈdʊrɪŋ ðət taɪm ˈɛˈleɪˈpiˈdi hæd mɔr ˈhɛlɪˌkɑptərz ðən ˈlɪˌbiə. bət ɪt wɑz geɪts' "swat-ification*" əv ðə fɔrs ðət wɑz ðə ˈtərnɪŋ pɔɪnt wən huz nid əˈpɪrd ˈʤəstəˌfaɪd tɪ ðə (ˈmɪdəlˈklæs) ˈpəblɪk baɪ ðə ˈrɑdni kɪŋ raɪəts (wɪʧ wər ˈmoʊstli baɪ lɑˈtinoʊs baɪ ərˈɛsts ənd fəˈtælɪtiz, bət liv ðət əˈsaɪd). wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn ɪz ə wɔr əv aɪˈdiəz, beɪst ɪn tərn ɔn ˈmɔrəl ˈstændɪŋ. ðɪs ɛnˈgeɪʤmənt, wɪʧ ˈstɑrtɪd ɪn ˈmɪnət 1 wɪθ pəˈlis ənd ˈɛndɪd ɪn ˈmɪnət 8 wɪθ ˈnərvəs pəˈlis riˈtrit, wɑz ə θri əv maɪ əˈtlæntɪk ˈkɑligz hæv æˈnælɪˌsiz ˈvɛri məʧ wərθ ˈrɛdɪŋ. əˈlɛksɪs ˈmædrɪgəl ɔn waɪ ðɪs ɪz lɛs əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪʤəwəl pəˈlismən hu hɛld ðə spreɪ kən ðən əˈbaʊt ən ˈoʊvərˌɔl ʧeɪnʤ ɪn pəˈlis ˈstrætəʤi; ɔn ˈwɛðər ðɪs ˈleɪtəst ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd maɪt hæv ə ˈifɛkt ɪn ˈfɔrsɪŋ ˌrɛkɪgˈnɪʃən əv haʊ ˈnidləsli ˈvaɪələnt ənd ˈbrutəl pəˈlis rɪˈspɑns həz bɪn əˈkrɔs ðə ˈkəntri; ənd koʊeɪts ɔn ðə pəˈtɛnʃəl əv ðɪs ˈɛpɪˌsoʊd tɪ dɪˈrɛkt əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ˈpætərnz əv əˈbjuz. ɛz hi sɪz, "nɑt tɪ dɪˈmɪnɪʃ wət ˈhæpənd æt ˈdeɪvɪs, bət ɪts wərθ kənˈsɪdərɪŋ wət ˈhæpənz ɪn pur ˈneɪbərˌhʊdz ənd ˈprɪzənz, fɑr frəm ðə ˈkæmərəz. əm nɑt seɪɪŋ ðət tɪ dɪˈmɪnɪʃ ðɪs ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn ˈɛniˌweɪ. bət aɪd laɪk ˈpipəl tɪ si ðɪs ə pɑrt əv ə brɔd sɪˈstɛmɪk ˈætəˌtud wiv əˈdɑptəd ɛz ə ˈkəntri təˈwɔrd lɔ ˈridər mɪz sɛndz ɪn ə lɪŋk tɪ ə ˈdɪfərənt ˈdeɪvɪs ɛz ˈmɛni ˈpipəl hæv ˈrɪtən ɪn tɪ pɔɪnt aʊt, ðə saɪn əv ə ˈmɑdərn ˈproʊˌtɛst ˈmuvmənt ɪz ðə ˌɑmnəˈprɛzəns əv ˈkæmərəz. səm pəˈlis əˈfɪʃəlz, səm ˈproʊˌtɛstərz, ənd ˈnɪrli ɔl ˈɔnˌlʊkərz ər rɪˈkɔrdɪŋ ˌwəˈtɛvər goʊz ɔn. wi kænt ˌɪˈmæʤən ɔl ðə ˈifɛkts əv ðə soʊˈsaɪɪti, bət wən ˈbɛnəfɪt ɪz ˈsərtənli ðə wən koʊeɪts pɔɪnts aʊt: səm ˈgreɪtər əˈkaʊntəˌbɪlɪti ənd fər pəˈlis kleɪmz ðət ðeɪ "hæd" tɪ juz ɪkˈsɛsɪv fɔrs. ˈændru sprəŋ həz ʤɪst ˈrɪtən ɔn ðɪs maɪ ˈpriviəs poʊst ˌɪnˈkludɪd ə kˈwɛʃən. ə ˈridər kwoʊts ɪt ənd ˈɔfərz ən ˈænsər: ˈəpˌdeɪt 1 ðə ˈdɪsəplənd, kənˈtɛmpʧuəs dɛd ˈsaɪləns əv ðə ˈproʊˌtɛstərz θru hum ˈdeɪvɪs ˈʧænsələr ˈlɪndə wɔks ɛn rut tɪ hər kɑr ɪz əˈnəðər əˈstɑnɪʃɪŋli ˈpaʊərfəl ˌdɛmənˈstreɪʃən əv ˈmɔrəl ˈɪmɪʤri. əˈgɛn, ɛz ə ˈmɔrəl ˌkɑnfrənˈteɪʃən, ðɪs ɪz ə raʊt. ˈəpˌdeɪt 2 θæŋks tɪ ˈmɛni, ˈmɛni ˈridərz hu hæv sɛnt lɪŋks ðə ˈsərkət ˈrulɪŋ leɪɪŋ aʊt ðə rulz fər əkˈsɛptəbəl juz əv ˈpɛpər spreɪ, ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ðə aʊˈtreɪʤəs 1999 ˈhəmˌboʊlt ˈkaʊnti keɪs. baɪ ðə ˈstændərdz leɪd aʊt ɪn ðə ˈrulɪŋ, ðə ˈdeɪvɪs juz wɑz ˈɑbviəsli ənˈʤəstəˌfaɪd. mɔr ɔn ðə ˈrulɪŋ hir.
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apart from the updates that a variety of readers sent yesterday about the affectless sadism of a uc davis policemen, let me mention a few more links and resources:
1. notice the crowd. this is a point i wish i had made the first time around. while the first 60 seconds of the 8-minute youtube video are dominated by the shockingly calm brutality of the policeman, the rest of it is remarkable mainly for the stoicism and resolve of the protestors. you don't have to idealize everything about them or the occupy movement to recognize this as a moral drama that the protestors clearly won. the self-control they show, while being assaulted, reminds me of grainy tv footage i saw as a kid, of black civil rights protestors being fire-hosed by bull connor's policemen in alabama. or of course the tank man in tiananmen square. such images can have tremendous, lasting power. (classic ap photo from the early 60s below, followed by brian nguyen photo from davis.)
what is going on is a war of ideas, based in turn on moral standing. this engagement, which started in minute 1 with police over-reaction and ended in minute 8 with nervous police retreat, was a rout.*
2. what this shows about our police, and us. three of my atlantic colleagues have analyses very much worth reading.
3. shooting vs spraying. reader ms sends in a link to a different uc davis video.
i'd like to direct to you to this far less publicized video that starts a couple of minutes earlier in the incident, where officer pike [who did the spraying] seems to have threatened the students that he and his men would shoot them:
at that point in the video, they are clearly brandishing their non-lethal guns.
again, more questions...
- i'm sure he would now try to say he meant 'shoot them with pepper spray', but notice his officers' posture and that pike immediately rejoins their ranks. it's only later, after the crowd yelling "don't shoot students" and some seeming deliberation that the pepper spray is fetched. plus, why use the verb "shoot", when "spray" would be more appropriate?
- how non-lethal is it to shoot those guns from a standing position down towards the heads of protesters at close range?
- does it not at least violate policy to shoot even non-lethal guns at perps that have their back turned to you, aren't menacing anyone, and aren't fleeing?
- it's clear to a viewer of the video that pike meant that his officers would shoot protesters with non-lethal weapons, not their lethal firearms. however, considering the seated protesters had their backs to the officers, did/could they know that?
4. cameras. as many people have written in to point out, the sign of a modern protest movement is the omnipresence of cameras. some police officials, some protestors, and nearly all onlookers are recording whatever goes on. we can't imagine all the effects of the panopticon society, but one benefit is certainly the one t-n coates points out: some greater accountability and reality-test for police claims that they "had" to use excessive force. andrew sprung
5. police dressed as storm troopers. my previous post included a question. a reader quotes it and offers an answer:
"and by the way, when did we accept the idea that local police forces would always dress up in riot gear that used to be associated with storm troopers and dystopian sci-fi movies?"
about the early-1990s, with daryl gates' lapd. gates always saw the police as paramilitary -- i remember the la times pointing out during that time lapd had more helicopters than libya.
but it was gates' "swat-ification" of the force that was the turning point -- one whose need appeared justified to the (middle-class) public by the rodney king riots (which were mostly by latinos by arrests and fatalities, but leave that aside).
what is going on is a war of ideas, based in turn on moral standing. this engagement, which started in minute 1 with police over-reaction and ended in minute 8 with nervous police retreat, was a rout.*2.. three of my atlantic colleagues have analyses very much worth reading. alexis madrigal , on why this is less about the individual policeman who held the spray can than about an overall change in police strategy; garance franke-ruta on whether this latest episode might have a last-straw effect in forcing recognition of how needlessly violent and brutal police response has been across the country; and ta-nehisi coates on the potential of this episode to direct attention to long-standing patterns of abuse. as he says, "not to diminish what happened at uc davis, but it's worth considering what happens in poor neighborhoods and prisons, far from the cameras. i'm not saying that to diminish this video in anyway. but i'd like people to see this a part of a broad systemic attitude we've adopted as a country toward law enforcement."3.. reader ms sends in a link to a different uc davis video.4.. as many people have written in to point out, the sign of a modern protest movement is the omnipresence of cameras. some police officials, some protestors, and nearly all onlookers are recording whatever goes on. we can't imagine all the effects of the panopticon society, but one benefit is certainly the one t-n coates points out: some greater accountability and reality-test for police claims that they "had" to use excessive force. andrew sprung has just written on this aspect.5.. my previous post included a question. a reader quotes it and offers an answer:
* update #1: the disciplined, contemptuous dead silence of the protestors through whom uc davis chancellor linda katehi walks en route to her car is another astonishingly powerful demonstration of moral imagery. again, as a moral confrontation, this is a rout.
update #2: thanks to many, many readers who have sent links the 9th circuit ruling laying out the rules for acceptable use of pepper spray, in response to the outrageous 1999 humboldt county case. by the standards laid out in the ruling, the uc davis use was obviously unjustified. more on the ruling here.
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ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən dɪˈzaɪnd tɪ kərb ˈænəməl ˈkruəlti ɪz ɔn ɪts weɪ tɪ gəv. tɑm wʊlf fər ɛˈnæktmənt, ˈɛndɪŋ wət wɑz ə nɪr ˈjɪˈrlɔŋ ˈɛfərt ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ən əˈbjuzd ənd nɪˈglɛktɪd ˈbɔstən ˈtɛriər neɪmd tɪ ˈstrɛŋθən ðə prəˈtɛkʃənz fər ˈænəməlz ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə. ðə ˈsɛnɪt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈvoʊtɪd tɪ pæs lɔ" ðət ˈəpˌdeɪts ɪgˈzɪstɪŋ ˈstæʧuts ənd ˌɪnˈkrisɪz ðə ˈpɛnəltiz fər əˈbjuzɪŋ ən ˈænəməl. ðə haʊs əˈpruvd ðə bɪl ɪn ˈeɪprəl baɪ ə voʊt əv ðə naʊ ˈhɛlθi ˈmɪrəkəl" dɔg, əˈkəmpənid baɪ hɪz ˈoʊnər ʤəˈnin gˈwidoʊ əv mənˈroʊ ˈtaʊnʃɪp ənd ə trup əv hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti ˈædvəˌkeɪts, wɑz ɔn hænd tɪ ˈwɪtnəs ðə ˈsɛnɪt ˈpæsɪʤ əv hɪz ˈneɪmˌseɪk bɪl ðət gəv. tɑm wʊlf həz plɛʤd tɪ saɪn ˈɪntu lɔ. wɑz seɪvd læst ˌʤuˈlaɪ frəm ən ˈɑmɪʃ fəˈsɪlɪti ɪn ˈlæŋkəstər ˈkaʊnti ˈæftər biɪŋ lɛft fər dɛd. æt ðə taɪm, ðə pəp wɑz ˈsəfərɪŋ frəm ə hoʊst əv ˈeɪlmənts ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈsɛpsɪs ənd meɪnʤ. hɪz ˈrɛskju dru ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈmidiə əˈtɛnʃən ənd ðə rɪˈkəvəri wɑz ˈkrɑnɪkəld ɔn ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə, drɔɪŋ ə ˈwərldˈwaɪd ˈfɑloʊɪŋ. hi ˈɔlsoʊ hæd kəm tɪ dɪˈvɛləp ə fju fænz æt ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ɛz wɛl ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ rɛpriˈzɛtətɪv. tɑd ˈstɛfənz, ˈkaʊnti, ənd sɛn. rɪʧ ˈæloʊˌweɪ, ˈkaʊnti, hu məˈmɔriəˌlaɪzd ˈtuzˌdeɪz ˈvɪzɪt ɔn tˈwɪtər. ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈrɛdi fər ðə voʊt ɔn 1238 ɪz hir tɪ hɛlp ˈlɑbi! hjuˈmeɪn pɑ (@humanepa*) ʤun 20 2017 wʊlf ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðət ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə ɪz wən əv ˈoʊnli θri steɪts ðət dɪz nɑt hæv ə ˈfɛləni ˈstæʧut fər səˈvɪr ˈænəməl əˈbjuz. hi sɛd, "wi ər lɔŋ ˈoʊvərˈdu tɪ ʤɔɪn ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈkəntri ɪn ˈhævɪŋ haɪər ˈstændərdz əv kɛr fər ɑr pɛts ənd ˈəðər ˈænəməlz." ðə ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən, wɪʧ brɪŋz ðə moʊst sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈʧeɪnʤɪz tɪ ðə steɪts ˈænəməl əˈbjuz lɔz ɪn θri ˈdɛkeɪdz, wʊd breɪk daʊn ˈkruəlti tɪ ˈænəməl əˈfɛnsɪz naʊ grupt ˈɪntu wən ˈkætəˌgɔri ˈɪntu θri ˈkætəˌgɔriz beɪst ɔn ðə egregiousness*: nɪˈglɛkt, ˈkruəlti, ənd ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd ˈkruəlti. nɪˈglɛkt əv ən ˈænəməl wʊd ˌɪnˈklud dɪˈnaɪɪŋ ən ˈænəməl ˈnɛsəˌsɛri fud ənd ˈpoʊtəbəl ˈwɔtər, klin ənd ˈsænɪˌtɛri ˈʃɛltər, ər ˈnɛsəˌsɛri ˈvɛtrəˌnɛri kɛr. ðɪs wʊd bi ə ˈsəməri əˈfɛns bət wʊd bɪˈkəm ə ˌmɪsdəˈminər əv ðə θərd dɪˈgri ɪf ðə vaɪəˈleɪʃən ˈkɔzɪz ˈbɑdəli ˈɪnʤəri tɪ ðə ˈænəməl ər pʊts ɪt æt ˈɪmənənt rɪsk əv ˈsɪriəs ˈbɑdəli ˈɪnʤəri. ˈkruəlti tɪ ən ˈænəməl wʊd ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli, ˈnoʊɪŋli ər ˈrɛkləsli ill-treating*, ˈoʊvərˌloʊdɪŋ, ˈbitɪŋ, əˈbændənɪŋ ər əˈbjuzɪŋ ən ˈænəməl. ðɪs wʊd bi ə ˌmɪsdəˈminər əv ðə ˈsɛkənd dɪˈgri. ˈægrəˌveɪtɪd ˈkruəlti tɪ ən ˈænəməl wʊd ˌɪnˈklud ˌɪnˈtɛnʃənəli ər ˈnoʊɪŋli ˈtɔrʧərɪŋ ən ˈænəməl ər ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈsɪriəs ˈbɑdəli ˈɪnʤəri ər dɛθ əv ðə ˈænəməl. ðɪs wʊd bi ə ˈfɛləni əv ðə θərd dɪˈgri. ɪn əˈdɪʃən, ðə ˈmɛʒər ˈpleɪsɪz ˈlɪmɪts ɔn ə dɔg ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ənd grænts ˈsɪvəl ˌɪmˈjunɪti fər ˌvɛtərəˈnɛriənz ənd hjuˈmeɪn soʊˈsaɪɪti pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz tɪ prɪˈvɛnt ˈfrɪvələs ˈlɔˌsuts əˈgɛnst ðɛm wɪn rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ən ˈænəməl ˈkruəlti keɪs. ˈæloʊˌweɪ θæŋkt hɪz ˈfɛloʊ ˈsɛnətərz fər səˈpɔrtɪŋ ðə ˈmɛʒər, seɪɪŋ, "ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt stɛp tɪ prəˈtɛkt ɑr pɛts ɪn ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə." sɛn. liʧ, ˈkaʊnti, ˈnoʊtɪd ðət ðɪs ˈmɛʒər ɪz mɔr ðən ʤɪst ən ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt stɛp tɪ kərb ˈænəməl ˈkruəlti. "ɪt ɪz fər ɑrˈsɛlvz ðət ˈtritɪŋ ˈænəməlz wɛl ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt," hi sɛd. "ˈpipəl ˈɔfən hu ər ˌɪnˈvɑlvd ɪn ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈjumən biɪŋz ˈstɑrtɪd aʊt biɪŋ kruəl tɪ ˈænəməlz. ɪt ɪz ə rɛd flæg. ɪt ɪz ˌɪmˈpɔrtənt fər ˈjuˈɛs tɪ ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət ənd ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz ðət wɪn wi trit ˈænəməlz wɪθ rɪˈspɛkt wi meɪk ɑrˈsɛlvz ˈbɛtər ˈjumən biɪŋz ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs. soʊ ðɪs ɪz ə greɪt bɪl."
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legislation designed to curb animal cruelty is on its way to gov. tom wolf for enactment, ending what was a near yearlong effort inspired by an abused and neglected boston terrier named libre to strengthen the protections for animals in pennsylvania.
the senate on tuesday voted 49-0 to pass "libre's law" that updates existing statutes and increases the penalties for abusing an animal. the house approved the bill in april by a vote of 167-20.
the now healthy 27-pound "bug-eyed miracle" dog, accompanied by his owner janine guido of monroe township and a troop of humane society advocates, was on hand to witness the senate passage of his namesake bill that gov. tom wolf has pledged to sign into law.
libre was saved last july from an amish dog-breeding facility in lancaster county after being left for dead. at the time, the 4-month-old bug-eyed pup was suffering from a host of ailments including sepsis and mange. his rescue drew international media attention and the puppy's recovery was chronicled on social media, drawing a worldwide following.
he also had come to develop a few fans at the capitol as well including rep. todd stephens, r-montgomery county, and sen. rich alloway, r-franklin county, who memorialized tuesday's visit on twitter.
getting ready for the vote on hb 1238! #libre is here to help lobby! @reptoddstephens @senatoralloway pic.twitter.com/w6f43qwetf
-- humane pa (@humanepa) june 20, 2017
wolf issued a statement on tuesday morning indicating that pennsylvania is one of only three states that does not have a felony statute for severe animal abuse. he said, "we are long overdue to join the rest of the country in having higher standards of care for our pets and other animals."
the legislation, which brings the most significant changes to the state's animal abuse laws in three decades, would break down cruelty to animal offenses now grouped into one category into three categories based on the offense's egregiousness: neglect, cruelty, and aggravated cruelty.
* neglect of an animal would include denying an animal necessary food and potable water, clean and sanitary shelter, or necessary veterinary care. this would be a summary offense but would become a misdemeanor of the third degree if the violation causes bodily injury to the animal or puts it at imminent risk of serious bodily injury.
* cruelty to an animal would include intentionally, knowingly or recklessly ill-treating, overloading, beating, abandoning or abusing an animal. this would be a misdemeanor of the second degree.
* aggravated cruelty to an animal would include intentionally or knowingly torturing an animal or causing serious bodily injury or death of the animal. this would be a felony of the third degree.
in addition, the measure places limits on tethering a dog outside and grants civil immunity for veterinarians and humane society police officers to prevent frivolous lawsuits against them when reporting an animal cruelty case.
alloway thanked his fellow senators for supporting the measure, saying, "this is a great step to protect our pets in pennsylvania."
sen. daylin leach, d-montgomery county, noted that this measure is more than just an important step to curb animal cruelty.
"it is for ourselves that treating animals well is important," he said. "people often who are involved in violence against human beings started out being cruel to animals. it is a red flag. it is important for us to recognize that and recognize that when we treat animals with respect we make ourselves better human beings in the process. so this is a great bill."
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ðə bɔm ɪkˈsploʊdɪd ˌbiˈfɔr wərk ˈstɑrtɪd ɔn ˈtuzˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ ənd ðɛr wər noʊ ˈdɪpləˌmæts ɪn ðə ˈbɪldɪŋ. ðə sɪˈkjʊrəti gɑrd, hu ɪz frɛnʧ, wɑz ˈɪnʤərd", əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈlɪˌbiən ˈmidiə, ənd ðə ɪkˈsploʊʒən kɔzd ˈmeɪʤər ˈdæmɪʤ, wɪθ ðə ˈaʊtər wɔl əv ðə ˈɛmbəsi ˈkɑmpaʊnd ənd pɑrt əv ðə meɪn ˈbɪldɪŋ kəˈlæpst. əˈnəðər frɛnʧ sɪˈkjʊrəti gɑrd wɑz sɛd tɪ hæv bɪn ˈwundɪd, bət tɪ hæv lɛs səˈvɪr ˈɪnʤəriz. ˈnoʊwən kleɪmd riˌspɑnsəˈbɪləti, bət səˈspɪʃən wɪl fɔl ɔn ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ lɪŋkt ˈɛləmənts ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈlɪˌbiə. ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ɪn ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk maghreb*, ðə nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑn brænʧ əv ðə ˈtɛrərɪst ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən, həz θˈrɛtənd tɪ əˈtæk frɛnʧ ˈɪntərɪsts ɪn ˈproʊˌtɛst æt ˌɪntərˈvɛnʃən ɪn ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈmɑli. səˈpɔrt ənd kɔl ɔl ðə ˈməzlɪmz tɪ ˈtərgət fræns ənd ɪts ˈɪntərɪsts ənd ˈsəbʤɪkts ˌɪnˈsaɪd ənd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd fræns ənˈtɪl ɪt wɪθˈdrɔz ðə læst ˈsoʊlʤər frəm ðə lænd əv ðə muslims,”*,” ˈæbu ˈɑmɛd, ə ˈspoʊksmən fər ðə grup sɛd, ɪn ən ənˈjuˌʒuəl tˈwɪtər ˈsɛʃən wɪθ ˈʤərnəlɪsts ˈoʊnli læst ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. əˈgrɛsɪv əˈsɔlt ɪz ən ˌɑbləˈgeɪʃən əv ˈɛvəri ˈməzlɪm nɑt ʤɪst al-qaeda.”*.” ˈhɛvi ˌɪnˈvɑlvmənt ɪn nɔrθ ˈæfrɪkɑ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɪts ʤɔɪnt ˈlidərˌʃɪp wɪθ ˈbrɪtən ɪn ðə ˈɛriəl bɑmˈbɑrdmənt wɪʧ səˈpɔrtɪd ðə ˈrɛbəl ˈoʊvərθˌroʊ əv muˈæmər ɪn ˈlɪˌbiə ɪn 2011 həz meɪd ɪt ðə ˈprɪnsəpəl ˈtərgət əv ˈmɪlətənt ækˈtɪvɪti ɪn ðə ˈriʤən. ˈsɛvən ˈmɛmbərz əv ðə seɪm frɛnʧ ˈfæməli sizd ɪn ˈkæmərˌun wər riˈlist ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ, bət ə ˈfərðər ˈsɛvən frɛnʧ ˈnæʃənəlz ər ɪn ðə hænz əv ˈkɪdˌnæpərz lɪŋkt tɪ ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ ɪn nɔrθ ənd wɛst ˈæfrɪkɑ. ɪkˈsploʊʒən ˈdæmɪʤd ˈhaʊsɪz əˈlɔŋ ðə strit ˈɑkjəˌpaɪd baɪ ðə ˈɛmbəsi ɪn ðə ˈəpˌmɑrkət heɪ ˈɛriə əv ðə ˈsɪti. ðə tˈwɪstɪd ˈrɛkɪʤ əv ðə kɑr juzd ɪn ðə əˈtæk wɑz laɪɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl əv ðə strit. ðə əˈtæk wɑz kənˈdɛmd baɪ ðə frɛnʧ ˈprɛzɪdənt, frɑnsˈwɑ, ənd ðə ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər, ˈlɔrənt fabius*, wɑz ɪkˈspɛktɪd flaɪ tɪ ˈtrɪpəli ˈleɪtər ɪn ðə deɪ. ɪkˈspɛkts ðə ˈlɪˌbiən əˈθɔrətiz tɪ ʃɛd ðə ˈfʊləst laɪt ɔn ðɪs ˌənækˈsɛptəbəl ækt, soʊ ðət ðə ˈpərpəˌtreɪtərz ər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ənd brɔt tɪ justice,”*,” ˈmɪstər sɛd. ˈfɔrən ˈmɪnɪstər, moʊˈhæmɪd æbˈdul əˈziz, ˈvɪzɪtɪd ðə ˈɛmbəsi, wɛr ə rɪˈsɛpʃən hæd bɪn hɛld ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ naɪt fər tu ˈvɪzɪtɪŋ frɛnʧ mps*. ˈstrɔŋli kənˈdɛm ðɪs ækt, wɪʧ wi rɪˈgɑrd ɛz ə ˈtɛrərɪst ækt əˈgɛnst ə ˈbrəðər ˈneɪʃən ðət səˈpɔrtɪd ˈlɪˌbiə ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə revolution,”*,” hi sɛd. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz wɪl ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ə ˈnəmbər əv mɪˈlɪʃəz ənd ɪkˈstrimɪst grups ˈɔpərˌeɪtɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈkəntri, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ al-sharia*, wɪʧ juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ həz bɪn ɪn ˈkɑnˌtækt wɪθ aqim*. ɪts ˈmɛmbərz wər aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz əˈməŋ ðoʊz əˈtækɪŋ ðə ˈjuˈɛs ˈkɑnsələt ɪn læst sɛpˈtɛmbər, wɪn ðə əˈmɛrɪkən æmˈbæsədər, krɪs ˈstivənz, wɑz kɪld. ðɛr həz bɪn noʊ ˈprɑˌgrɛs ɪn əˈtɛmpts tɪ brɪŋ ðoʊz tɪ ˈʤəstɪs, ˈsəmθɪŋ wɪʧ həz ˈstrɛŋθənd fɪrz ðət ˈvaɪələnt grups ɪn ðə ˈkəntri kən ˈɔpərˌeɪt wɪθ ˌɪmˈpjunɪti. ðət wɑz ˈoʊnli ðə wərst əˈtæk ɔn ˈfɔrən ˈɪntərɪsts. ðə kɑr əv ðə ðɛn ˈbrɪtɪʃ æmˈbæsədər, sər ˈdɑmənɪk ˈæskwɪθ, wɑz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈtækt ɪn, waɪl ˈkrɪsʧɪn saɪts, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ wɔr greɪvz ənd ɪˈʤɪpʃən ˈʧərʧɪz hæv ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈtɑrgətɪd.
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the bomb exploded before work started on tuesday morning and there were no diplomats in the building. the security guard, who is french, was “gravely injured", according to libyan media, and the explosion caused major damage, with the outer wall of the embassy compound and part of the main building collapsed.
another french security guard was said to have been wounded, but to have less severe injuries.
no-one claimed responsibility, but suspicion will fall on al-qaeda linked elements operating inside libya. al-qaeda in the islamic maghreb, the north african branch of the terrorist organisation, has threatened to attack french interests in protest at france’s intervention in nearby mali.
“we support and call all the muslims to target france and its interests and subjects inside and outside france until it withdraws the last soldier from the land of the muslims,” abu abdulilah ahmed, a spokesman for the group said, in an unusual twitter question-and-answer session with journalists only last friday.
“repelling france’s aggressive assault is an obligation of every muslim not just al-qaeda.”
france’s heavy involvement in north africa, including its joint leadership with britain in the aerial bombardment which supported the rebel overthrow of col muammar gaddafi in libya in 2011, has made it the principal target of militant activity in the region.
seven members of the same french family seized in cameroon were released on friday, but a further seven french nationals are in the hands of kidnappers linked to al-qaeda in north and west africa.
tuesday’s explosion damaged houses along the street occupied by the embassy in the upmarket hay andalus area of the city. the twisted wreckage of the car used in the attack was lying in the middle of the street.
the attack was condemned by the french president, francois hollande, and the foreign minister, laurent fabius, was expected fly to tripoli later in the day.
“france expects the libyan authorities to shed the fullest light on this unacceptable act, so that the perpetrators are identified and brought to justice,” mr hollande said.
libya’s foreign minister, mohammed abdul aziz, visited the embassy, where a reception had been held on monday night for two visiting french mps.
“we strongly condemn this act, which we regard as a terrorist act against a brother nation that supported libya during the revolution,” he said.
investigators will focus on a number of militias and extremist salafi groups operating in the country, including ansar al-sharia, which united states officials say has been in contact with aqim.
its members were identified as among those attacking the us consulate in benghazi last september, when the american ambassador, chris stevens, was killed. there has been no progress in attempts to bring those reponsible to justice, something which has strengthened fears that violent groups in the country can operate with impunity.
that was only the worst attack on foreign interests. the car of the then british ambassador, sir dominic asquith, was also attacked in benghazi, while christian sites, including commonwealth war graves and egyptian churches have also been targeted.
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ðə dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk wɪl bi wɪˈθaʊt sˈləgər ˌhoʊˈzeɪ bɔˈtistə fər ɪts geɪm əˈgɛnst ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ. dəˈmɪnəkən ˈmænɪʤər ˈtoʊni ˈpɛnə toʊld ˈmɛri rɪˈvɛrə əv ðət bɔˈtistə ɪz ˈdilɪŋ wɪθ slaɪt bæk ˈstɪfnəs. ˈgrɛgəri poʊˈlɑnkoʊ wɪl stɑrt ɪn pleɪs əv bɔˈtistə ɪn lɛft fild, waɪl ˈstɑrlɪŋ mɑrt wɪl sərv ɛz ðə kləbz ˈsɛnər ˈfildər. tim dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk ˈlaɪˌnəp bɑb ˈnaɪtɪŋgəl (@bnightengale*) mɑrʧ 19 2017 ɪts bɪn ən ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ˈtʊrnəmənt fər bɔˈtistə, hu ɪz ˈhɪtɪŋ wɪθ wən hoʊm rən ənd faɪv waɪl pleɪɪŋ ɪn ˈɛvəri wən əv ðə faɪv geɪmz. hi ˈɔlsoʊ meɪd ə pleɪ æt ðə pleɪt ɪn ðə fərst raʊnd wɪn hi θru aʊt wət wʊd hæv bɪn ðə ˈwɪnɪŋ rən ɪn ðə naɪnθ ˈɪnɪŋ əˈgɛnst kəˈləmbiə. ðə ˈreɪnɪŋ ˈʧæmpiən dəˈmɪnəkən riˈpəblɪk nidz tɪ bit ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ɪn ˈɔrdər tɪ ədˈvæns tɪ ðə ˌsɛmɪˈfaɪnəlz.
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the dominican republic will be without slugger jose bautista for its must-win game against the united states on saturday.
dominican manager tony pena told mary rivera of espn that bautista is dealing with slight back stiffness. gregory polanco will start in place of bautista in left field, while starling marte will serve as the club's center fielder.
team dominican republic lineup pic.twitter.com/nfwdsmknnc — bob nightengale (@bnightengale) march 19, 2017
it's been an impressive tournament for bautista, who is hitting .333/.435/.500 with one home run and five rbis while playing in every one of the dominican's five games. he also made a game-saving play at the plate in the first round when he threw out what would have been the winning run in the ninth inning against colombia.
the reigning champion dominican republic needs to beat the united states in order to advance to the semifinals.
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ðə prəˈdusərz əv ðə hɪt ˈsɪriz dɑrk ˈmætər hæv stɛpt əp ənd ˈɔfərd ə ˈwəndərfəl ˈpækɪʤ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ə sɛt ˈvɪzɪt, tɪ hɛlp ən ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfənˌdreɪsɪŋ ɪˈvɛnt tɪ eɪd ˈhændiˌkæp ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkænədə. ə sɛt tʊr wɪl bi ˈgɪvɪn baɪ ˈænθɔˌni ˈlɛmki, hu nɑt ˈoʊnli stɑrz ɛz boone”*” ɪn ðə pərˈdəkʃən, bət ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ ən æmˈbæsədər fər ˈhændiˌkæp ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkænədə. ðə ˈwɪnər wɪl rɪˈsiv 1 ɪˈkɑnəmi ˈɛrˌfɛr tɪ tərˈɑntoʊ frəm ən ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈgeɪtˌweɪ; tu 2 naɪts hoʊˈtɛl əˌkɑməˈdeɪʃən ɪn tərˈɑntoʊ wɪθ ˌtrænspərˈteɪʃən tɪ ənd frəm ðə sɛt. ðə ˈwɪnər wɪl ˈɔlsoʊ rɪˈsiv ə saɪnd dɑrk ˈmætər ˌdiˌviˈdi, dɑrk ˈmætər ˈtiˌsərt ənd dɑrk ˈmætər kæp. ðə ˈvɪzɪt məst ˈhæpən bɪtˈwin ˈʤænjuˌɛri ənd ˈeɪprəl 14th*, 2017 ðə θərd ˈsizən əv dɑrk ˈmætər wɪl ɛr ɔn ðə speɪs ˈnɛtˌwərk ɪn ˈkænədə ənd θru ɪn ˈoʊvər 150 ˈkəntriz ˈwərldˈwaɪd ɪn ðə ˈsəmər əv 2017 wɪˈθaʊt ə daʊt, ðɪs ɪz ðə ˈpjʊrəst ˌdɛfəˈnɪʃən əv ə sɪˈnɛrioʊ. nɑt ˈoʊnli du ju gɪt tɪ hɛlp ənd brɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ə ˈvɛri ˈwərði kɔz ɪn ˈhændiˌkæp ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkænədə, bət ju ˈɔlsoʊ ər ˈeɪbəl tɪ gɪt ju gik ɔn ənd ðɛm səm baɪ ˈwɔkɪŋ ðə dɑrk ˈmætər sɛt ənd ˈrəbɪŋ ˈɛlˌboʊz wɪθ ɔl ðə ˈtælənt ðət hæv meɪd ðɪs səʧ ə səkˈsɛsfəl ˈsɪriz wɪθ fænz ɔl ˈoʊvər ðə wərld. ðɪs ɪz ə ˌɑpərˈtunəti soʊ wət ər ju ˈweɪtɪŋ fər? ʧɛk aʊt ðə lɪŋks bɪˈloʊ fər ɔl ðə ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ju nid: fʊl lɪŋk tɪ ðə ˈɔkʃən peɪʤ hir: fʊl lɪŋk tɪ ðə dɑrk ˈmætər əˈpærəl ənd kəˈlɛktəbəlz hir: fʊl lɪŋk tɪ ˈhændiˌkæp ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl ˈkænədə hir: fʊl lɪŋk tɪ dɑrk ˈmætər əˈfɪʃəl peɪʤ hir:
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the producers of the hit syfy series dark matter have stepped up and offered a wonderful package, including a set visit, to help an online fundraising event to aid handicap international canada. a set tour will be given by anthony lemke, who not only stars as “three/marcus boone” in the production, but is also an ambassador for handicap international canada.
the winner will receive 1 round-trip economy airfare to toronto from an international gateway; two (2) nights hotel accommodation in toronto with transportation to and from the set. the winner will also receive a signed dark matter dvd, dark matter t-shirt and dark matter cap. the visit must happen between january 16th and april 14th, 2017. the third season of dark matter will air on the space network in canada and through syfy in over 150 countries worldwide in the summer of 2017.
without a doubt, this is the purest definition of a win/win scenario. not only do you get to help and bring attention to a very worthy cause in handicap international canada, but you also are able to get you geek on and them some by walking the dark matter set and rubbing elbows with all the talent that have made this such a successful series with fans all over the world.
this is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity so what are you waiting for? check out the links below for all the information you need:
full link to the auction page here:
full link to the dark matter apparel and collectibles here:
full link to handicap international canada here:
full link to dark matter official page here:
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ˈsɪlvərˌstoʊn wɪl sɛl ˈtɪkɪts ɔn ðə geɪt fər ðɪs ˈwiˌkɛndz ˈbrɪtɪʃ grænd pri fər ðə fərst taɪm ɪn naɪn jɪrz. ðə ˈfɔrmjələ 1 ˈvɛnju ɪz ˈnɔrməli soʊld aʊt æt ðɪs steɪʤ, bət ˈmænəʤɪŋ dɪˈrɛktər ˈrɪʧərd ˈfɪlɪps ɪz stɪl prɪˈdɪktɪŋ ə gʊd əˈtɛndəns. æˈnælɪsɪs "ɪts tru ðət nɑt ɔl ˈtɪkɪts hæv jɛt bɪn soʊld, bət ˈsɪlvərˌstoʊn wɪl ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs bi pleɪɪŋ hoʊst ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd tɪ ðə θərd ˈbɪgəst kraʊd ɪn ˈbrɪtɪʃ grænd pri ˈhɪstəri, wɪθ əˈbaʊt ɪkˈspɛktɪd ˈoʊvər ðə θri deɪz ənd ˈpʊʃɪŋ ɔn ˈsənˌdi. "ðoʊz ˈnəmbərz ər ˈtɛstəmənt tɪ ðə ˈbrɪtɪʃ fænz, huz ɪnˈθuziˌæzəm ənd kəˈmɪtmənt wɑz ˈdɛmənˌstreɪtɪd ɔl tu ˈklɪrli læst jɪr wɪn, dɪˈspaɪt ðə ˈwɔrnɪŋz ˈæftər ˈhɛvi reɪn lɛd tɪ ˈwɔtərˌlɑgd kɑr pɑrks ənd ˌhɔˈrɛndəs ˈtræfɪk ʤæmz, stɪl tərnd əp tɪ wɔʧ kˈwɑləˌfaɪɪŋ." əˈtɛndəns ˈrɛkərd ɪz sɛt ɪn 2011 "ˈtɪkɪt seɪlz wər sloʊər ðən ˈjuʒəwəl ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə ˌɪˈnɪʃəl seɪlz ˈpɪriəd, bət wi hæv sin ə sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˈəpˌtərn sɪns rɪˈtərnd tɪ ˈjʊrəp," sɛd ˈfɪlɪps. seɪlz hæv ˌɪnˈkrist ɪn ðə tɪ ˈsənˌdiz reɪs ənd ˈfɪlɪps ɪz stɪl ɪkˈspɛktɪŋ ə lɑrʤ əˈtɛndəns. "waɪl wi doʊnt ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ riʧ ðə ˈrɛkərd əˈtɛndəns ˈlɛvəlz əv 2011 ənd 2012 wi ər ænˈtɪsəˌpeɪtɪŋ əˈnəðər bɪg kraʊd hir æt ˈsɪlvərˌstoʊn ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd," ˈædɪd ˈfɪlɪps. "ə ˈprɑməsɪŋ ˈfɔrˌkæst fər ðə ˈwiˌkɪnd, həz ˈprɑmptɪd ˈjuˈɛs tɪ pʊt ˈmɛʒərz ɪn pleɪs tɪ sɛl ˈtɪkɪts tɪ fænz ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪŋ tɪ tərn əp ɔn ðə deɪ. "ðɪs ˈwiˌkɛndz əˈtɛndəns lʊks sɛt tɪ bi wən əv ɑr ˈbɪgəst ɪn ˈrisənt jɪrz." ə ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˈædɪd ðət ðeɪ ɪkˈspɛkt əˈbaʊt 5 əv ˈtɪkɪts tɪ bi əˈveɪləbəl ɔn ðə geɪt ɔn ðə ˈsənˌdi.
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silverstone will sell tickets on the gate for this weekend's british grand prix for the first time in nine years.
the formula 1 venue is normally sold out at this stage, but managing director richard phillips is still predicting a good attendance.
analysis "it's true that not all tickets have yet been sold, but silverstone will nevertheless be playing host this weekend to the third biggest crowd in british grand prix history, with about 300,000 expected over the three days and pushing 130,000 on sunday. "those numbers are testament to the british fans, whose enthusiasm and commitment was demonstrated all too clearly last year when, despite the warnings after heavy rain led to waterlogged car parks and horrendous traffic jams, 90,000 still turned up to watch qualifying."
silverstone's three-day attendance record is 315,000 - set in 2011.
"ticket sales were slower than usual during the initial sales period, but we have seen a significant upturn since f1 returned to europe," said phillips.
sales have increased in the run-up to sunday's race and phillips is still expecting a large attendance.
"while we don't expect to reach the record attendance levels of 2011 and 2012, we are anticipating another big crowd here at silverstone this weekend," added phillips.
"a promising forecast for the weekend, has prompted us to put measures in place to sell tickets to fans deciding to turn up on the day.
"this weekend's attendance looks set to be one of our biggest in recent years."
a spokeswoman added that they expect about 5% of tickets to be available on the gate on the sunday.
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dɪˈspaɪt blɔg poʊsts ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˈmidiə ˈrumərz ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪŋ ðət ˈθaʊzənz əv ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hæd ɔˈrɛdi əraɪvd ɪn ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈɛriə, ðə juz. steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈoʊnli 14 ˈsɪriən ˈnæʃənəlz hæv riˈsɛtəld ɪn luˌiziˈænə sɪns ʤæn. 1 ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənts ˈrɛfjuʤi ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ˈsɛnər ˈhændəld θri ˈkeɪsɪz, ˈsɛtəlɪŋ ˈsɛvən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ɪn ˈkɛnər, sɪks ɪn nu ˌɔˈrlinz ənd wən ɪn ˈbæˌtɑn ruʒ, ə ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd. ˈsɛvən ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz əraɪvd ɪn luˌiziˈænə ɪn ˈeɪprəl, ənd əˈnəðər riˈsɛtəld ɪn ʤun. sɪks mɔr ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz əraɪvd ɪn noʊˈvɛmbər, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ˈprɑsɛsɪŋ ˈsɛnər ˈdætə. rɪˈpɔrts əv ˈsɪriənz ˈpɔrɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈɛriə bɪˈgæn ˈsərkjəˌleɪtɪŋ ˈɔnˌlaɪn ˈfɑloʊɪŋ ðə ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæks ɪn ˈpɛrɪs ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ðət lɛft mɔr ðən 129 ˈpipəl dɛd. ˈmɛni, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ gəv. ˈbɑbi, ɪkˈsprɛst kənˈsərn əˈbaʊt ðə ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən əv ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz hu ər fliɪŋ ðə ˈvaɪələnt ˈsɪvəl wɔr ənd ˈtɛrəˌrɪzəm ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ist ənd ˈæfrɪkɑ. ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt (pdf)&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt*; /&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt*; ˌɪməˈgreɪʃən rɪˈpɔrt (text)&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt*; ðə waɪt haʊs ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər əˈnaʊnst plænz tɪ riˈsɛtəl ə ˈtoʊtəl əv ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz θruaʊt ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə 2016 ˈfɪskəl jɪr, ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt ˈspoʊkspərsən sɛd. ɛz əv ˈsənˌdi (noʊv. 15 ðə ˈgəvərnmənt həz riˈsɛtəld ə ˈtoʊtəl ˈsɪriən ˈnæʃənəlz sɪns ʤæn. 1 steɪts hæv ˈteɪkən ɪn ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz wɪθ ðə haɪəst ˈnəmbərz ɪn ˌkæləˈfɔrnjə, ˈtɛksəs, ˌpɛnsəlˈveɪnjə, ˈmɪʃɪgən ənd ˈflɔrɪdə. əˈθɔrətiz ɪn ˈpɛrɪs hæv nɑt riˈlist ðə aɪˈdɛntɪˌtiz əv ɔl eɪt əv ðə əˈtækərz. bət ðeɪ hæv əˈnaʊnst ðət ə ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrt wɑz faʊnd nɪr ðə ˈbɑdi əv wən əˈtækər hu traɪd ˈɛnər ðə steɪd də fræns wɛr ə ˈsɑkər mæʧ wɑz ˌəndərˈweɪ. ˈɛkspərts ˈkɔʃənd əˈgɛnst ˈʤəmpɪŋ tɪ kənˈkluʒənz, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðət feɪk ˈsɪriən ˈpæˌspɔrts ər ˈizəli əbˈteɪnd fər ðə raɪt praɪs. ˌnɛvərðəˈlɛs, ˈmɛni ɪn ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ər ˈwərid ðət ˈtɛrəˌrɪsts kʊd sik tɪ ˈɛnər ðə ˈkəntri baɪ ˈpoʊzɪŋ ɛz ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz ˈsikɪŋ tɪ ɪˈskeɪp ðɛr ˈkəntri. ɪn ə ˈlɛtər tɪ ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə, ˌrɛkəˈmɛndɪd ðə ædˌmɪnɪˈstreɪʃən hɔlt ˈrɛfjuʤi ənd æst fər mɔr ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən əˈbaʊt haʊ ˈskrinɪŋz ər kənˈdəktəd ˌbiˈfɔr ˈɛntri ˈɪntu ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. ðə juz. dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ənd ˈəðər ˈfɛdərəl ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈkɑndəkt ɪkˈstɛnsɪv, ɛnˈhænst ˈskrinɪŋ əv ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt. ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs kən teɪk 12 tɪ 18 mənθs. ˈhoʊmˌlænd sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈeɪʤənts ˌrivˈju ˈpərsɪnəl ənd ˈbækˌgraʊnd ˌɪnˌfɔrˈmeɪʃən ənd ˈkɑndəkt in-depth*, ˈɪntərvˌjuz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd əv ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts tɪ ɪnˈʃʊr ðeɪ mit ˈnɛsəˌsɛri kraɪˈtɪriə. ðeɪ məst ˈɔlsoʊ ˌəndərˈgoʊ hɛlθ ˈskrinɪŋz. ðə steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt dɪz nɑt hæv ˈɛni prɑˈʤɛkʃənz ɔn haʊ ˈmɛni ˈsɪriənz wɪl bi riˈsɛtəld ɪn iʧ steɪt, bət ðə ˌæləˈkeɪʃənz wɪl bi meɪd ɪn kəˌlæbərˈeɪʃən wɪθ ˈloʊkəl ˈeɪʤənsiz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ðə ˈfɛdərəl ˈgəvərnmənt. ɪn luˌiziˈænə, ˈkæθlɪk ˈʧɛrɪtiz ɪz ðə ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈeɪʤənsi ðət hɛlps ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz riˈsɛtəl ɪn ðə nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˈɛriə, ˈbæˌtɑn ruʒ ənd ˌlɑfiˈɛt. ˈkæθlɪk ˈʧɛrɪtiz ənd ðə ˈɑrʧˈdaɪəsəs əv nu ˌɔˈrlinz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ ðət ðeɪ hæd ˈsɛtəld tu ˈfæməliz əv ˈsɪriən ˈrɛfˌjuʤiz, əˈkɔrdɪŋ tɪ wvue-tv*. fər ən ˈoʊvərvˌju əv ðə ˈrɛfjuʤi riˈsɛtəlmənt ˈprɔˌsɛs, ˈvɪzɪt
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despite blog posts and social media rumors indicating that thousands of syrian refugees had already arrived in the new orleans area, the u.s. state department reported only 14 syrian nationals have resettled in louisiana since jan. 1.
the state department's refugee processing center handled three cases, settling seven refugees in kenner, six in new orleans and one in baton rouge, a spokesperson said.
seven syrian refugees arrived in louisiana in april, and another resettled in june. six more refugees arrived in november, according to processing center data.
reports of 10,000 syrians pouring into the new orleans area began circulating online following the terrorist attacks in paris friday that left more than 129 people dead. many, including gov. bobby jindal, expressed concern about the immigration of syrian refugees who are fleeing the violent civil war and terrorism in the middle east and africa.
&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2514126/syria-immigration-report.pdf"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;syria immigration report (pdf)&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;br /&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt; &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;a href="https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2514126/syria-immigration-report.txt"&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;syria immigration report (text)&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/a&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;
the white house in september announced plans to resettle a total of 10,000 syrian refugees throughout the united states during the 2016 fiscal year, the state department spokesperson said. as of sunday (nov. 15), the government has resettled a total 1,809 syrian nationals since jan. 1. thirty-two states have taken in syrian refugees with the highest numbers in california, texas, pennsylvania, michigan and florida.
authorities in paris have not released the identities of all eight of the attackers. but they have announced that a syrian passport was found near the body of one attacker who tried enter the stade de france where a soccer match was underway. experts cautioned against jumping to conclusions, noting that fake syrian passports are easily obtained for the right price.
nevertheless, many in the united states are worried that terrorists could seek to enter the country by posing as refugees seeking to escape their war-torn country. in a letter to president barak obama, jindal recommended the administration halt refugee resettlements and asked for more information about how screenings are conducted before entry into the united states.
the u.s. department of homeland security and other federal agencies conduct extensive, enhanced screening of refugees, according to the state department. the process can take 12 to 18 months.
homeland security agents review personal and background information and conduct in-depth, in-person interviews outside of the united states to ensure they meet necessary criteria. they must also undergo health screenings.
the state department does not have any projections on how many syrians will be resettled in each state, but the allocations will be made in collaboration with local agencies working with the federal government.
in louisiana, catholic charities is the volunteer agency that helps refugees resettle in the new orleans area, baton rouge and lafayette. catholic charities and the archdiocese of new orleans reported earlier this month that they had settled two families of syrian refugees, according to wvue-tv.
for an overview of the refugee resettlement process, visit www.acf.hhs.gov
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ˈsɛvən ˈpipəl ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ tu pəˈlis ˈɔfɪsərz wər ˈɪnʤərd wɪn ə mæn ˈwildɪŋ ən æks wɛnt ɔn ðə ˈræmˌpeɪʤ æt ə treɪn ˈsteɪʃən ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf. ðə səˈspɛktɪd ˈkəlprɪt, aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz eɪʧ, frəm ˈkoʊsoʊˌvoʊ, həz bɪn ərˈɛstɪd ənd ˈʤərmən pəˈlis kənˈfərmd ðeɪ ər nɑt ˈhəntɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən ɛls. ðə ræn təˈwɔrdz ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈsteɪʃən ənd ʤəmpt frəm ə brɪʤ ɛz hi əˈtɛmptəd tɪ fli. skroʊl daʊn fər ˈvɪdioʊ ˈpɪkʧərd: ˌpɛrəˈmɛdɪks rəʃ tɪ ðə eɪd əv ə ˈvɪktɪm əv ðə treɪn ˈsteɪʃən əˈtæk ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf bət hi wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ˈæftər ˈsɪriəsli ˈɪnʤərɪŋ hɪmˈsɛlf ɪn hɪz ˌənsəkˈsɛsfəl ɪˈskeɪp əˈtɛmpt ənd ɪz naʊ biɪŋ ˈtritɪd ɪn ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. hi wɑz ˌdaɪəgˈnoʊst ɛz ə ˈpɛrəˌnɔɪd ˌʃɪzəˈfrɛnɪk wɪθ ə ˈhɪstəri əv haɪ æŋˈzaɪəti ənd self-harm*, pəˈlis sɛd, ˈrulɪŋ aʊt ə ˈtɛrərɪst ˈmoʊtɪv. ðeɪ sɛd hi wɑz ɪn ən 'ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl ˈmɛntəl steɪt' æt ðə taɪm. ˈpɪkʧərz frəm hauptbahnhof*, ðə ˈsɪtiz meɪn ˈsteɪʃən, ʃoʊd wən əv ðə ˈvɪktɪmz laɪɪŋ ˈhɛlpləsli ɔn ðə flɔr ɛz ˌpɛrəˈmɛdɪks rəʃt tɪ ðɛr eɪd. hɪz ˈvɪktɪmz ˌɪnˈkludɪd θri mɛn, ə ˈwʊmən ənd ə gərl, wɪθ ðə ˈtiˌneɪʤər ˈsəfərɪŋ ˌlæsərˈeɪʃənz tɪ hər ˈəpər ɑrm. θri wər ˈsɪriəsli ˈɪnʤərd. ə ˈmoʊtɪv fər ðə əˈtæk həz nɑt jɛt bɪn dɪˈtərmənd bət ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt, bɪˈlivd tɪ bi frəm ˈkoʊsoʊˌvoʊ, ˈsəfərz frəm ˈmɛntəl hɛlθ ˈprɑbləmz. pəˈlis sɛd ðɪs ˈmɔrnɪŋ ðət ðeɪ hæd ruld aʊt ən ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪst ˈmoʊtɪv fər ðə əˈtæk. ˈpɪkʧərd: ˈimərʤənsi ˈsərvɪsɪz æt ðə sin wɛr sərˈaʊndɪŋ roʊdz wər ˈkɔrdənd ɔf ən ərˈɛst wɑz meɪd ˈæftər skwɑdz əv pəˈlis swupt ɪn ɔn ðə sin ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf rɪˈpɔrts seɪ ðə ˈkəlprɪt ræn təˈwɔrdz ə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈəndərˌgraʊnd ˈsteɪʃən ənd ʤəmpt ɔf ə brɪʤ ɛz hi traɪd tɪ fli (ˈpɪkʧərd, ən ɑrmd ˈɔfɪsər æt ðə sin) ˈpɪkʧərd: ˈpæsənʤərz ənd pəˈlis hɛlp ə ˈvɪktɪm əv ðə əˈtæk ɔn ðə flɔr əv ðə ˈsteɪʃən 'ə ˈpərsən, ˈprɑbəˌbli ɑrmd wɪθ ən æks, əˈtækt ˈpipəl æt ˈrændəm,' pəˈlis sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ˈsɛvən ˈpipəl wər ˈɪnʤərd, θri əv ðɛm ˈsɪriəsli, ðeɪ sɛd. ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt, hu wɑz ˈərliər dɪˈskraɪbd ɛz biɪŋ frəm 'ðə ˈfɔrmər ˌjugoʊsˈlɑviə' ənd ˈlɪvɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈnɪrˈbaɪ ˈsɪti əv wuppertal*, ˈsəfərd ˈsɪriəs ˈɪnʤəriz ənd wɑz biɪŋ ˈtritɪd ɪn ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl. 'ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt əˈpɪrz tɪ hæv hæd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈprɑbləmz,' pəˈlis sɛd. pəˈlis sɛd ən æks wɑz rɪˈkəvərd ənd ˈɔfɪsərz wər ˈsərʧɪŋ ðə ˈɛriə ɪn ənd əraʊnd ðə ˈsteɪʃən, wɪʧ həz bɪn kloʊzd fər ðə ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. ˈfræntɪk ˈfʊtɪʤ frəm ə həz ˈkæpʧərd ðə ˈmoʊmənt ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpæsənʤərz flɛd ðə sin, wɪθ ˈmɛni ˈskrimɪŋ ɛz ðeɪ ˈsprɪntɪd əˈweɪ frəm ðə ˈsteɪʃən. rɪˈkɔlɪŋ ðə ˈtɛrəˌfaɪɪŋ ˈmoʊmənt ðə strək, ə ˈwɪtnəs sɛd: 'aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər sin ˈɛniˌθɪŋ laɪk ðət aɪ maɪ laɪf. 'hi ˈsədənli ʤəmpt aʊt əv ðə treɪn ənd ˈstɑrtɪd tɪ straɪk æt ˈpipəl wɪθ ən æks ʤɪst əˈbaʊt tu ˈmitərz əˈweɪ frəm tɪ ˈjuˈɛs. 'bət noʊ wən kʊd hɛlp, ɪt wɑz ˌɪmˈpɑsəbəl. wi ʤɪst stɑpt ənd skrimd.' ˈpɪkʧərd: ˈwɪtnəsɪz lʊk ɔn ɛz ðə pəˈlis sil ɔf ðə ˈsteɪʃən ˈæftər ðə əˈtæk ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf ˈʤərmən ɑrmd pəˈlis stʊd gɑrd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə ˈsteɪʃən ɛz ə ˈmeɪʤər sɪˈkjʊrəti ˌɑpərˈeɪʃən ənˈfoʊldəd ˈpɪkʧərd: ɑrmd pəˈlis pəˈtroʊl ðə sin æt hauptbahnhof*, ðə ˈsɪtiz meɪn ˈsteɪʃən pəˈlis ˈleɪtər kənˈfərmd ðeɪ wər noʊ ˈlɔŋgər ˈhəntɪŋ ˈəðər ˈsəˌspɛkts ɪn kəˈnɛkʃən wɪθ əˈtæk ə ˈsteɪʃən əˈtɛndənt toʊld ˈʤərmən ˈnuzˌpeɪpər, bɪld ðət ə mæn hæd əˈtækt ˈpipəl ˈæftər ˈʤəmpɪŋ ɔf ə treɪn. ðeɪ sɛd: 'wi wər ˈstændɪŋ ɔn ðə træk, ˈweɪtɪŋ fər ðə treɪn. ðə treɪn keɪm, ənd ˈsədənli ˈsəmˌwən ʤəmpt aʊt wɪθ ən æks, hɪt ðə ˈpipəl. 'ðɛr wɑz bləd ˈɛvriˌwɛr. aɪ hæv ɪkˈspɪriənst ə lɔt, bət aɪ hæv ˈnɛvər ɪkˈspɪriənst ɪt.' ˈərliər ðɪs ˈivnɪŋ ə ˈtɛrəˌfaɪd ˈpæsənʤər sɛd ɔn tˈwɪtər ðət ə 'ˈkreɪzi mæn' hæd əˈtækt ˈpipəl ɪn ðə ˈsteɪʃən. ˈbrunoʊ məˈseɪdoʊ tweeted*: 'mæn wɪθ æks ʧeɪst baɪ pəˈlis ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf. ˈsteɪʃən kloʊzd. aɪ æm ɪn ðə treɪn θɪŋz lʊk bæd #pəˈlis #ˈtɛrər.' ˈmɪstər məˈseɪdoʊ ˈædɪd: 'steɪ əˈweɪ frəm #ˈdusəlˌdɔrf treɪn ˈsteɪʃən ˈkreɪzi mæn wɪθ #æks ɔn ðə luz [sɪk] kəmˈjunɪtiz əˈkrɔs ˈʤərməni wər hɪt baɪ ə strɪŋ əv ˈtɛrərɪst əˈtæks ˈdʊrɪŋ 2016 hi ˈleɪtər ˈpoʊstɪd: 'ˈɛvriˌwən ɪz kɑm ɪn ðə treɪn. tɛns bət #ˈbreɪkɪŋ #ˈtɛrər' 'treɪn ɪz nɑt ˈstɑpɪŋ ɪn #ˈdusəlˌdɔrf #pəˈlis kloʊzd ðə ˈsteɪʃən #ˈtɛrər #ˈʤərməni'. pəˈlis sɛd təˈdeɪ ðət ðə wɑz frəm ˈkoʊsoʊˌvoʊ, ðoʊ hɪz rɪˈlɪʤən həz nɑt jɛt bɪn rɪˈvild ənd ˈɔfɪsərz hæv ruld aʊt ˈɛni ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˌfəndəˈmɛnəlɪst ˈmoʊtɪv. ðə sinz ɪn ˈdusəlˌdɔrf ˈfɑloʊd ˈsɛvən ˈəðər ˈsɪmələrli dɪˈstərbɪŋ əˈtæks ˈʤərməni həz ˈsəfərd sɪns ðə stɑrt əv læst jɪr. ˈɪnsədənts ɪn ˈhænoʊvər ɪn ˈfɛbruˌɛri 2016 ˈɛsən ɪn ˈeɪprəl, wurzburg*, reutlingen*, ənd mˈjunɪk ɔl ɪn ˌʤuˈlaɪ ənd bərˈlɪn ɪn dɪˈsɛmbər, lɛft 22 ˈpipəl kɪld ənd 112 ˈwundɪd.
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seven people including two police officers were injured when a man wielding an axe went on the rampage at a train station in dusseldorf.
the suspected culprit, identified as fatmir h, from kosovo, has been arrested and german anti-terror police confirmed they are not hunting anyone else.
the 36-year-old ran towards a nearby underground station and jumped from a bridge as he attempted to flee.
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pictured: paramedics rush to the aid of a victim of the train station attack in dusseldorf
but he was arrested after seriously injuring himself in his unsuccessful escape attempt and is now being treated in hospital.
he was diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic with a history of high anxiety and self-harm, police said, ruling out a terrorist motive.
they said he was in an 'exceptional mental state' at the time.
pictures from düsseldorf hauptbahnhof, the city's main station, showed one of the victims lying helplessly on the floor as paramedics rushed to their aid.
his victims included three men, a woman and a 13-year-old girl, with the teenager suffering lacerations to her upper arm. three were seriously injured.
a motive for the attack has not yet been determined but the suspect, believed to be from kosovo, suffers from mental health problems. police said this morning that they had ruled out an islamic fundamentalist motive for the attack.
pictured: emergency services at the scene where surrounding roads were cordoned off
an arrest was made after squads of anti-terror police swooped in on the scene in dusseldorf
reports say the culprit ran towards a nearby underground station and jumped off a bridge as he tried to flee (pictured, an armed officer at the scene)
pictured: passengers and police help a victim of the attack on the floor of the station
'a person, probably armed with an axe, attacked people at random,' police said in a statement. seven people were injured, three of them seriously, they said.
the suspect, who was earlier described as being from 'the former yugoslavia' and living in the nearby city of wuppertal, suffered serious injuries and was being treated in a hospital.
'the suspect appears to have had psychological problems,' police said.
police said an axe was recovered and officers were searching the area in and around the station, which has been closed for the investigation.
frantic footage from a smartphone has captured the moment terrified passengers fled the scene, with many screaming as they sprinted away from the station.
recalling the terrifying moment the axeman struck, a witness said: 'i have never seen anything like that i my life.
'he suddenly jumped out of the train and started to strike at people with an axe - just about two metres away from to us.
'but no one could help, it was impossible. we just stopped and screamed.'
pictured: witnesses look on as the police seal off the station after the attack in dusseldorf
german armed police stood guard outside the station as a major security operation unfolded
pictured: armed police patrol the scene at düsseldorf hauptbahnhof, the city's main station
police later confirmed they were no longer hunting other suspects in connection with attack
a station attendant told german newspaper, bild , that a man had attacked people after jumping off a train.
they said: 'we were standing on the track, waiting for the train. the train came, and suddenly someone jumped out with an axe, hit the people.
'there was blood everywhere. i have experienced a lot, but i have never experienced it.'
earlier this evening a terrified passenger said on twitter that a 'crazy man' had attacked people in the station.
bruno macedo tweeted: 'man with axe chased by police in dusseldorf. station closed. i am in the train things look bad #police #terror.'
mr macedo added: 'stay away from #dusseldorf train station crazy man with #axe on the lose [sic] .. :('
communities across germany were hit by a string of terrorist attacks during 2016
he later posted: 'everyone is calm in the train. tense but calm....#dusseldorf #breaking #terror'
'train is not stopping in #dusseldorf #police closed the station . #terror #germany'.
police said today that the 36-year-old was from muslim-majority kosovo, though his religion has not yet been revealed and officers have ruled out any islamic fundamentalist motive.
the scenes in dusseldorf followed seven other similarly disturbing attacks germany has suffered since the start of last year.
incidents in hanover in february 2016, essen in april, wurzburg, reutlingen, ansbach and munich all in july and berlin in december, left 22 people killed and 112 wounded.
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haʊ məʧ du θɪŋz ˈrɪli ʧeɪnʤ fər ˈɛnˌbiˈeɪ pleɪərz ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə? fər ðoʊz əv ˈjuˈɛs rɪˈpɔrtɪŋ ɔn ər ðoʊz əv ju ˈfɑloʊɪŋ timz laɪk ðə ˈleɪkərz wɪn ðə graɪnd əv ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən tərnz tɪ ðə ʧeɪs fər ə ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp, ðɛr ər ˈmɛni ˈɑbviəs ˈdɪfərənsɪz. ˌɪmˈpruvd ˈfoʊkɪs, fjuər smaɪlz ənd ˌɪnˈkrist ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti ʃoʊ raɪt θru ðə ˈfeɪsɪz ənd ˈbɑdi ˈmuvmənts əv moʊst pleɪərz ənd ˈkoʊʧɪz, ɔn ənd ɔf ðə kɔrt. nid ən ɪgˈzæmpəl? teɪk ə lʊk æt ðə ɪmˈbreɪs bɪtˈwin ˈkoʊbeɪ braɪənt ənd stiv bleɪk ˈæftər bleɪk ˈbɛrid ðə ˈdægər ˈkɔrnər θri ðət kid geɪm 4 wɪn æt ˈdɛnvər, ɛz ə fˈjʊriəsli θrɪld kəmz ɪn fər ə hɛd pæt. bət wət dɪz ɪt ˈæˌkʧuəli fil laɪk goʊɪŋ θru ðət ʃɪft? soʊ ˈvɛri fju noʊ ˈbɛtər ðən braɪənt, fɔr geɪmz ˈɪntu hɪz kæmˈpeɪn ɪn 16 ˈsizənz, ˈhævɪŋ ɔˈrɛdi əˈkjumjəˌleɪtɪd mɔr pleɪɔf ˈmɪnəts ðən ˈɛni pleɪər ɪn lig ˈhɪstəri (ˈoʊnli ə gaɪ neɪmd ˈmaɪkəl həz mɔr pleɪɔf pɔɪnts tɪ hɪz neɪm). wət ə ˈləgʒəri fər ðə ˈleɪkərz. wɪn ˈkoʊbeɪ wɑz pleɪɪŋ hɪz fərst pleɪɔf ˈmɪnəts bæk ɪn 1997 ˈleɪkərz ˈrʊkiz ˈændru ənd dəraɪəs ˈmɔrɪs wər eɪt ənd sɪks jɪrz oʊld, rɪˈspɛktɪvli, ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɔn ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən ənd ˈdrimɪŋ bɪg drimz. lɔŋ taɪm hɛd æθˈlɛtɪk ˈtreɪnər ˈgɛri ɛz hi riˈmaɪndɪd ˈmɔrɪs ənd ˌbiˈfɔr geɪm 4 həz hɛld hɪz gɪg sɪns ˌbiˈfɔr ðə rʊks wər bɔrn. ənd hir ðeɪ ər ˈwɛrɪŋ ðət seɪm ˈpərpəl ənd goʊld ˈʤərzi ɛz ˈkoʊbeɪ, traɪɪŋ tɪ soʊk ɪn hɪz ˈɛvəri wərd. wi sæt daʊn wɪθ iʧ ˈrʊki tɪ dɪˈskəs wət ðeɪv ˈnoʊtɪst ɪn ðə ˈlɑkər rum, ɔn ðə ˈpræktɪs kɔrt ənd ðə ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈnəgəts ˈsɪriz bɪˈgæn æt boʊə ˈsteɪˌkhaʊs ɪn ˈbɛvərli hɪlz fər ðə ˈdɪnər, ˈkəvərɪŋ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ frəm ˈkoʊbeɪz ˈlidərˌʃɪp, ˈætəˌtud ənd ˌpərsəˈnælɪti, ðə ˌɪmˈpækt əv ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈvɛtərənz ənd wət ðoʊz ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ðə tim doʊnt ˌəndərˈstænd əˈbaʊt ˈændru ˈbɪnəm: ˈændru: ˈɛmˈti: ɛz ə ˈrʊki, wət dɪd ju ɪkˈspɛkt tɪ ʧeɪnʤ ˈhɛdɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə pleɪɔfs, ɔn ə tim fʊl əv gaɪz wɪθ soʊ məʧ ɪkˈspɪriəns?: sɪns aɪ hæd ˈnɛvər bɪn hir ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs, aɪ θɔt ɪt wʊd ʤɪst bi ðə seɪm θɪŋ, ˈɛvəri deɪ ˈæftər ðə nɛkst. bət ðæts nɑt ɪt æt ɔl. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɪz ʤɪst mɔr ˈfoʊkɪst. ʤɑʃ məˈkrɑbərts ˈæˌkʧuəli hæd ə tɔk wɪθ mi tɪ lɛt mi noʊ ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ə lɔt ˈdɪfərənt. hi sɛd ðɛr wɑz noʊ mɔr ˈfulɪŋ əraʊnd, ðət ɪt ˈwəzənt ðə taɪm tɪ du ðət. ˈɛvriˌbɑdiz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi mɔr stərn ənd ˈsɪriəs, ənd ðət ðə ˈfoʊkɪs wɪl goʊ əp wɪθ ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. ənd ˈkoʊbeɪ ənd hæv bɪn seɪɪŋ ɪn frənt əv ðə tim fər ə waɪl naʊ ðət ðə ril ˈsizən stɑrts ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs, ðət ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ˈʧeɪnʤɪz ənd ɪt həz. ˈɛmˈti: wət spəˈsɪfɪkli hæv ju ˈnoʊtɪst frəm ˈkoʊbeɪ?: tu wiks əˈgoʊ, ˈkoʊbeɪ ˈstɑrtɪd ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt wət wɑz æt steɪk. ənd ɛz ðə taɪm əˈproʊʧt, ju kʊd ʤɪst tɛl haʊ məʧ mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns hi ənd ɔl ðə ˈvɛtərənz wər. ˈkoʊbeɪz bɪn mɔr ˈvoʊkəl wɪθ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈpipəl ðə geɪm plæn, wɛr tɪ bi waɪl ɪn fɪlm ˈsɛʃənz. seɪm wɪθ ənd dru. ðiz gaɪz ˈdɛfənətli doʊnt wɔnt tɪ liv ˈɛniˌθɪŋ tɪ ʧæns, ənd aɪ laɪk ðə dɪˈrɛkʃɪn wɪr goʊɪŋ ɪn. ˈɛmˈti: wəts bɪn jʊr ˌɪmˈprɛʃən əv ˈkoʊbeɪ ðɪs ˈsizən kəmˈpɛrd wɪθ wət ju θɔt hi maɪt bi laɪk ˌbiˈfɔr ju gɑt hir?: ðə wərk ˈɛθɪk ɪz ˈdɛfənətli ɛz ˌɪmˈprɛsɪv ɛz ju ɪkˈspɛktɪd. səm ˈpipəl hæv sɛd ðət hi wɑz ə ʤərk ənd θɪŋz laɪk ðət, bət aɪv bɪn əraʊnd ɪm ˈɛvəri deɪ ɔl jɪr ənd hiz ˈdɛfənətli nɑt wən. hiz ə greɪt gaɪ. hi həz ə ˈdɪfərənt sɛns əv ˈhjumər, bət hiz greɪt aɪ doʊnt θɪŋk ˈpipəl ˈrɪli ˌəndərˈstænd. maɪ pərˈspɛktɪv ɔn ɪm həz ʧeɪnʤd ə lɔt. ənd ɔn ðə kɔrt, fər ɪgˈzæmpəl, ˈdɛvɪn ˈɛbəŋks ˈhædənt pleɪd ɔl ˈsizən, ənd wɪn hi ˈstɑrtɪd pleɪɪŋ*, ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi həz bɪn mɔr ˈvoʊkəl ənd səˈpɔrtɪv ðən ˈkoʊbeɪ. ˈtɛlɪŋ ˈɛbəŋks wət hi nidz tɪ du, pərˈpɛrɪŋ ɪm fər wəts goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈhæpən. wɪn aɪ wɑz pleɪɪŋ ˈərliər ɪn ðə ˈsizən, hi wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ɪn maɪ ɪr, ənd hi kənˈtɪnjuz tɪ bi. *ˈɛbəŋks ˈstɑrtɪd ˈsɛvən geɪmz wɪn braɪənt wɑz aʊt wɪθ ə ʃɪn ˈɪnʤəri, ənd həz bɪn ˈstɑrtɪŋ fər wərld pis (səˈspɛnʃən) sɪns ðə ˈfaɪnəl ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən geɪm. ˈɛmˈti: ðət saʊnz laɪk haʊ hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts dɪˈskraɪbd staɪl ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈtaɪtəl ˈsizənz ɪn 2009 ənd 2010 ɪf ˈmeɪbi tɪ ən ˈivɪn ˈgreɪtər ər mɔr ˈpɑzətɪv dɪˈgri?: hiz ʤɪst mɔr əv ə ˈlidər ðən aɪ θɪŋk ˈpipəl ðət doʊnt noʊ ɪm gɪv ɪm ˈkrɛdɪt fər. hiz ə greɪt pleɪər, bət hiz ˈɔlsoʊ ə greɪt gaɪ. ju noʊ ðə ˈpərpəl bits baɪ ðət wi ɔl hæv... ˈɛmˈti: jɛs, ər ju ˈɔfərɪŋ jʊrz tɪ mi?: (lʊks ˈoʊvər wɪθ ə "ˈrɪli?" feɪs wɪθ ˈaɪˌbraʊz reɪzd ənd ə fraʊn) ðət wɑz ɔl ˈkoʊbeɪ. hi dɪz θɪŋz laɪk ðət, wɪn wɪl kəm ɪn ðə ˈlɑkər rum ənd ðɛrz ʤɪst stəf ɔn ɑr ʧɛrz. ər laɪk ðə ˈdɪnər wi hæd ðə ˈəðər naɪt, hi leɪd ɪt ɔl aʊt fər ˈjuˈɛs. ˈɛmˈti: ðɪs biɪŋ æt boʊə ˈsteɪˌkhaʊs ɪn ˈbɛvərli hɪlz?: jæ, ənd ɪt wɑz ril kul. maɪ fərst tim ˈdɪnər, wɪʧ aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ɪz ə pleɪɔf trəˈdɪʃən əraʊnd hir. aɪ ʤɪst gɑt ðə ˈsæmən, bɪˈkəz aɪv bɪn traɪɪŋ tɪ wɔʧ wət aɪ it. gaɪz kɔl mi "ˈʧizbərgər" ənd stəf, soʊ əm ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪt. ˈɛmˈti: ðət raɪt? wɛl dən, ðɛn. bət haʊ məʧ wɑz ˈbɪznɪs, ənd haʊ məʧ ˈplɛʒər?: ˈɛvriˌbɑdi wɑz ʤɪst ˈmɪŋgəlɪŋ ənd ˈtɔkɪŋ æt fərst, ənd ðɛn ˈkoʊbeɪ keɪm ɪn ənd reɪzd ə toʊst. hi prəˈsidəd tɪ tɔk əˈbaʊt wət wɑz æt steɪk, ðə trəˈdɪʃən əv biɪŋ ɪn ðə pleɪɔfs ənd wət ˈʧeɪnʤɪz. hi spoʊk tɪ ˈjuˈɛs fər əˈbaʊt 10 ˈmɪnəts ɪn frənt əv ˈɛvriˌbɑdi, ənd ðɛn wi ɔl hæd ə greɪt mil. ˈɛmˈti: ɛz ə ˈrʊki ˈkəmɪŋ ˈɔntu ə tim wɪθ ə lɔt ɔn ðə laɪn ɪn tərmz əv ˈlɛgəsi, wəts ɪt laɪk pleɪɪŋ wɪθ ə gaɪ ju ɔˈrɛdi noʊ ɪz wən əv ðə bɛst tɪ ˈɛvər pleɪ ðə geɪm?: aɪ noʊ ˈkoʊbeɪz ə tɔp faɪv pleɪər əv ɔl taɪm soʊ ɪt kən bi wɪrd wɪn ju pʊt ɪt ɪn pərˈspɛktɪv ðət ðɪs dud həz dən dæm nɪr ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ ðət ˈɛnibədi drimz əˈbaʊt duɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈbæskətˌbɔl wərld, ənd θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɔl ðət hiz dən. aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt wɪn hi hæd ðə ˈæfroʊ bæk ɪn ðə deɪ ˈsəmˌtaɪmz, bət æt ðə ɛnd əv ðə deɪ hiz ə ˈbæskətˌbɔl pleɪər laɪk mi. wɪr ɔl ʤɪst kɪdz ðət wɔnt tɪ pleɪ ˈbæskətˌbɔl, soʊ aɪ traɪ nɑt tɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ðə ˈhɪstəri əv ɪt ɔn ə deɪ tɪ deɪ ˈbeɪsɪs, ənd ʤɪst kəmˈpit wɪθ ɪm. ˈɛmˈti: haʊ hæv braɪənt ənd ðə rɛst əv ðə ˈvɛtərənz fɪld ðə ˈlidərˌʃɪp vɔɪd lɛft wɪn ˈdɛrɪk ˈfɪʃər wɑz ˈtreɪdɪd?: ˈkoʊbeɪ həz ˈdɛfənətli ˈspoʊkən əp mɔr, bət ɪts bɪn ə kəˈlɛktɪv ˈɛfərt frəm ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. ɪz ˈspikɪŋ əp, ənd soʊ ər (wərld pis) ənd mæt (bɑrnz). ðeɪ du wət ðeɪ nid tɪ du tɪ kip ˈjuˈɛs təˈgɛðər. ˈɛmˈti: ɪts bɪn ən ˈɪntəˌrɛstɪŋ ˈsizən fər ˈbɪnəm, boʊθ ɔn ðə kɔrt ənd ɔf, wɪθ hɪz æt taɪmz ˈbrɪljənt pleɪ ənd ðɛn ə fju ˈɪnsədənts laɪk ðə ˈgoʊldən steɪt roʊd geɪm ðət hæv rɪˈsivd ə greɪt dil əv əˈtɛnʃən. bət aɪ gɪt ðə ˌɪmˈprɛʃən ðɛr ˈhævənt bɪn ˈɪʃuz bɪtˈwin ˈbɪnəm ənd hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts?: oʊ nɑt æt ɔl, mæn. ˈpipəl doʊnt ˈrɪli noʊ 'dru. ðeɪ doʊnt ˈrɪli ˌəndərˈstænd wət hi goʊz θru, bɪˈkəz hi ˈdɛfənətli ˈdəzənt ækt ˈɛni taɪp əv weɪ təˈwɔrdz ˈjuˈɛs. hiz ə greɪt gaɪ, ə tim pleɪər; ˈɛvriˌbɑdi həz ˈprɑbləmz ðeɪ dil wɪθ ɪn ðɛr oʊn weɪ, bət wən θɪŋ ðæts ˈfəni fər mi ɪz ðət hi ənd aɪ ər ˈɔlˌmoʊst ðə seɪm eɪʤ. əm 23 əˈbaʊt tɪ bi 24 laɪk hi ɪz, ənd hiz bɪn ɪn ðə lig fər ˈsɛvən jɪrz. hi gɪvz mi soʊ ˈmɛni ˈhɛlpfəl ˈpɔɪntərz, ənd ɪz ðə fərst ˈpərsən tɪ ɪnˈkərəʤ ˈɛnibədi ɔn ðə tim. hiz ən ˌɔlˈstɑr naʊ ənd həz bɪn əraʊnd, bət hil ˈɔlˌweɪz seɪ stəf laɪk, 'heɪ 'lɑk, aɪ si ju hɪt ðə ˈfloʊtər! aɪ si ju drɔp ðoʊz θriz!' ju maɪt θɪŋk ðət ən ˌɔlˈstɑr wʊd bi mɔr tɪ hɪmˈsɛlf, bət ðæts nɑt ɪm. hiz ril kul. aɪ gɪt mæd ˈsəmˌtaɪmz bɪˈkəz ˈpipəl seɪ stəf əˈbaʊt ɪm wɪˈθaʊt noʊɪŋ wət hiz ˈrɪli laɪk ənd haʊ hi ækts təˈwɔrdz ˈjuˈɛs. ˈɛmˈti: ən ɪgˈzæmpəl əv ˈsəmθɪŋ ˈbɪnəm wɪl du əˈlɔŋ ðoʊz laɪnz?: hil brɪŋ fud fər ðə ɪnˈtaɪər tim ɔn ðə pleɪn ənd əm ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt ˈrɪli gʊd, ɪkˈspɛnsɪv fud laɪk ˈsuʃi. hi ʤɪst lʊks aʊt fər ˈjuˈɛs. biɪŋ əraʊnd ɔl ðiz gaɪz, wɪr ə kloʊz grup, soʊ wɪn wi hir ˈsəmˌwən ˈtɔkɪŋ ɪts laɪk ˈsəmˌwən ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt jʊr ˈbrəðər. ənd ju seɪ, 'mæn ju doʊnt noʊ, ɪts ɔl gʊd.' aɪ wɪʃ ˈpipəl kʊd si wət wi si ɔn ə ˈdeɪtuˌdeɪ ˈbeɪsɪs wɪθ 'dru ənd ˈkoʊbeɪ əˈspɛʃəli. ənd ðɛn hi wɑz ðə fərst ˈpərsən tɪ kəm ənd tɔk tɪ mi wɪn ˈnoʊˌbɑˌdi ɛls wɑz æt ðə stɑrt əv kæmp. ðə fərst wən. ˈpipəl meɪk ˈʤəʤmənts əˈbaʊt ɪm, bət əˈsaɪd frəm, hiz ˈprɑbəˌbli ðə ˈnaɪsɪst gaɪ ɔn ðə tim. dəraɪəs ˈmɔrɪs ˈɛmˈti: wət həz stʊd aʊt tɪ ju frəm ðə ʃɪft tɪ ðə ˈrɛgjələr ˈsizən tɪ ðə pleɪɔfs? ˈmɔrɪs: ˈdɛfənətli ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪti, ˈfoʊkɪs ənd ˈoʊvərˌɔl ˈmaɪndˌsɛt əv ðə tim həz ʧeɪnʤd. ju kən tɛl haʊ ðə gaɪz ˈkɛri ðɛmˈsɛlvz əraʊnd æt shootarounds*, ʤɪst wɪθ ðə ˈnɑlɪʤ ðət ɪf ju doʊnt wɪn ə ˈsɪriz ju goʊ hoʊm. ˈkoʊbeɪ lidz ðə weɪ hɪz ˈfoʊkɪs ˈlɛvəl həz bɪn ɪkˈstrimli haɪ, nɑt ˈoʊnli fər hɪmˈsɛlf bət ɪn tərmz əv kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ wɪθ pleɪərz. hiz ɔˈrɛdi wɔʧt fɪlm ˌbiˈfɔr wi stɑrt, soʊ hi noʊz wət pleɪz ər goʊɪŋ tɪ kəm ˈdʊrɪŋ wɔk θru, ənd ðət ˈlidərˌʃɪp ˈtrɪkəlz daʊn tɪ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi ɛls. ðɛrz ˈdɛfənətli ə ˈsɪriəsnəs, noʊ mɔr ˈʤoʊkɪŋ əraʊnd; ju ʤɪst seɪv ɪt tɪ ðə ɛnd əv ˈpræktɪs. ˈɛvriˌbɑdi həz tɪ bi ɔn bɔrd ˈwɛðər jʊr ɪn ðə roʊˈteɪʃən ər nɑt, bɪˈkəz ðɛrz ˈɔlˌweɪz ə ʧæns ju nid tɪ kənˈtrɪbjut. ˈɛmˈti: wət wɑz ðə ˈɛmfəsɪs əv ˈkoʊbeɪz ˈmɛsɪʤ æt ðə season-ending*, ˈdɪnər æt boʊə? ˈmɔrɪs: ɪt wɑz ʤɪst ðət ðə ˈsizən wɑz kul, wi ˈoʊvərˈkeɪm ə lɔt, bət ɑr ril ʤɑb stɑrts naʊ, ənd ðæts traɪɪŋ tɪ wɪn ə rɪŋ. soʊ lɛt ðɪs ˈdɪnər bi ɑr læst ˈmoʊmənts əv fən biɪŋ aʊt ənd əˈbaʊt, bət wɪr ɔl əˈbaʊt tɪ lɑk ɪn ˈæftər ðɪs. ʤɪst ˈrɛkəgˌnaɪz wət wi hæv tɪ du ɛz ə skwɑd. ənd fər ˈjuˈɛs ˈrʊkiz, ðɛr ˈlɛtɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs noʊ ðət ˈpriviəs ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps wərənt baɪ lək ər baɪ ʧæns. ðeɪ kəm wɪθ ə ˈsərtən ˈmaɪndˌsɛt. ðæts wən əv ðə ædˈvæntɪʤɪz əv biɪŋ ə ˈleɪkər, wɛr aɪ gɪt tɪ lərn ðət ˈmaɪndˌsɛt frəm gaɪz ðət hæv dən ɪt mɔr ðən ˈɛnibədi. ɪts ə ˈmaɪndˌsɛt ðət həz bɪn dɪˈvɛləpt ənd wərks. ˈkoʊbeɪz bɪn θru soʊ məʧ ɪn hɪz kərɪr, frəm ˈwɪnɪŋ ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪps əˈlɔŋˈsaɪd ʃæk ənd ðɛn ɛz ðə ˈpraɪˌmɛri gaɪ (ɪn 2009 ənd 2010 soʊ hi kən ˌəndərˈstænd ˈməltəpəl ˈæˌspɛkts ənd rɪˈleɪt tɪ mɔr əv ˈjuˈɛs. hiz mɔr ˈvərsətəl ɛz ə ˈlidər. ˈɛmˈti: fər ən l.a*. kɪd laɪk ˈjɔrsɛlf ðæts noʊn əv ˈkoʊbeɪ fər jɪrz, wəts hi laɪk kəmˈpɛrd tɪ wət ju θɔt hi wʊd bi? ˈmɔrɪs: aɪ ˈdɪdənt ˈrɪli hæv ˈɛni ˌɛkspɛkˈteɪʃənz; aɪ θɔt hid bi kul, ənd ʃʊr ɪˈnəf hi ɪz ɔn ənd ɔf ðə kɔrt. ɪt həz bɪn sɛd ɪn ðə pæst ðət hi ˈdəzənt kɛr əˈbaʊt hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts, bət aɪv faʊnd ɪt tɪ bi ðə ˈtoʊtəl ˈɑpəzɪt. hi kɛrz ðə moʊst. ˈivɪn fər gaɪz ðət ˈɑrənt pleɪɪŋ hil stɪl tɔk tɪ ənd gɪv ədˈvaɪs tɪ; ɪts nɑt ɔl əˈbaʊt ɪm. aɪ ʤɪst θɪŋk hiz ə greɪt ˈtiˌmeɪt, mɔr ˌɪmˈpɔrtəntli ðən ə greɪt pleɪər. wɪn aɪ θɪŋk əˈbaʊt ɪt, maɪ ˈwɑʧɪŋ ɪm waɪl aɪ wɑz groʊɪŋ əp, aɪ kən ˈdɛfənətli tɛl ðət hiz məˈtjʊrd. aɪd juzd tɪ si ɪm gɪt ˈiˌmoʊʃənəl ˈæftər kɔlz ənd θɪŋz, bət naʊ ðə weɪ hi ˈkɛriz hɪmˈsɛlf ənd ˌɪnərˈækts wɪθ hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts ɪz ˈəltəmət məˈʧʊrəti. ˈɛmˈti: haʊ wʊd ju dɪˈskraɪb ˈændru ˈbɪnəm ɛz ə ˈtiˌmeɪt: ˈmɔrɪs: aɪ kən ˈɑnəstli seɪ ðət hiz ˈtoʊtəli daʊn tɪ ərθ ənd kul wɪθ ˈɛvriˌbɑdi. əm nɑt ʃʊr haʊ ˈbɪnəm maɪt fil əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmidiə, ər ɪf θɪŋz wər sɛd əˈbaʊt ɪm wɪn hi ˈwəzənt ˈhɛlθi ənd pleɪɪŋ wɛl ðət geɪv ɪm (ˌhɛzəˈteɪʃən), bət ɪts ɔl gʊd wɪθ hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts. soʊ ɪf wi si ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪn ˈpəblɪk ər ɔn ðə kɔrt, wi noʊ ɪts nɑt ˈrɪli laɪk ɪm ər ˈsəmθɪŋ ɪz ˈrɪli ˈbɑðərɪŋ ɪm tɪ meɪk ɪm ækt ðət weɪ. aɪ noʊ hiz nɑt traɪɪŋ tɪ hərt hɪz ˈtimˌmeɪts, bət ˈmeɪbi ˈgɪtɪŋ hɪz pɔɪnt əˈkrɔs. ənd ˈivɪn ˈkoʊbeɪ sɛd hi kʊd rɪˈleɪt tɪ ðət wɪn hi wɑz ˈjəŋgər, ˈfɑloʊɪŋ hɪz ˈɪˌmoʊʃənz ɪn ˈdɪfərənt weɪz ɛz hi ˈlərnɪd. ˈɛmˈti: wət stændz aʊt tɪ ju əˈbaʊt jʊr ˈvɛtərən ˈtimˌmeɪts ˈlidɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə pleɪɔfs? ˈmɔrɪs: ðɛrz ə riˈzɑlv əˈbaʊt ðiz ˈvɛtərənz. noʊ ˈmætər wəts goʊɪŋ ɔn ˈaʊtˈsaɪd, ðeɪ faɪnd ə weɪ tɪ blɑk ɪt aʊt ənd stɪl pərˈfɔrm ˈɛvriˈdeɪ fər ðɪs tim ˌhaʊˈɛvər ðə tim nidz ðɛm. ðeɪ sim ənˈbreɪkəbəl, ənd ˈɛvriˌwən ɪn ðɛr oʊn weɪ. fər ˈkoʊbeɪ ˈmeɪbi ɪts ˈhævɪŋ ə ˈrɪli bæd ˈʃutɪŋ naɪt bət ˈkəmɪŋ raɪt bæk ðə nɛkst naɪt; fər ˈbɪnəm, ɪts ˈgɪtɪŋ ənd ðɛn rɪˈspɑndɪŋ wɛl. fər ɪts rɪˈspɑndɪŋ ˈrɪli wɛl ˈæftər ɔl ðə treɪd ˈrumərz ˌbiˈfɔr ðə ˈdɛˌdlaɪn. ɪts ʤɪst ɔl riˈzɑlv, ˈtiʧɪŋ gaɪz laɪk mi ðət noʊ ˈmætər wəts goʊɪŋ ɔn, ʤɪst bi ˈrɛdi tɪ baʊns bæk ənd gɪt ˈæftər ɪt.
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how much do things really change for nba players during the postseason?
for those of us reporting on -- or those of you following -- teams like the lakers when the grind of the regular season turns to the chase for a championship, there are many obvious differences. improved focus, fewer smiles and increased intensity show right through the faces and body movements of most players and coaches, on and off the court.
need an example? take a look at the embrace between kobe bryant and steve blake after blake buried the dagger corner three that keyed l.a.'s 92-88 game 4 win at denver, as a furiously thrilled pau gasol comes in for a head pat.
but what does it actually feel like going through that shift? so very few know better than bryant, four games into his 15th postseason campaign in 16 seasons, having already accumulated more playoff minutes than any player in league history (only a guy named michael has more playoff points to his name).
what a luxury for the lakers.
when kobe was playing his first playoff minutes back in 1997, lakers rookies andrew goudelock and darius morris were eight and six years old, respectively, watching on tv and dreaming big dreams. long time head athletic trainer gary vitti -- as he reminded morris and goudelock before game 4 -- has held his gig since before the rooks were born.
and here they are wearing that same purple and gold jersey as kobe, trying to soak in his every word.
we sat down with each rookie to discuss what they've noticed in the locker room, on the practice court and the friday before the nuggets series began at boa steakhouse in beverly hills for the pre-playoff dinner, covering everything from kobe's leadership, attitude and personality, the impact of the rest of the veterans and what those outside the team don't understand about andrew bynum:
andrew goudelock:
mt: as a rookie, what did you expect to change heading into the playoffs, on a team full of guys with so much postseason experience?
goudelock: since i had never been here in the playoffs, i thought it would just be the same thing, every day after the next. but that's not it at all. everybody is just more focused. josh mcroberts actually had a talk with me to let me know that everything is going to be a lot different. he said there was no more fooling around, that it wasn't the time to do that. everybody's going to be more stern and serious, and that the focus will go up with everything. and kobe and pau have been saying in front of the team for a while now that the real season starts in the playoffs, that everything changes ... and it has.
mt: what specifically have you noticed from kobe?
goudelock: two weeks ago, kobe started talking about what was at stake. and as the time approached, you could just tell how much more intense he and all the veterans were. kobe's been more vocal with everybody. telling people the game plan, where to be while in film sessions. same with pau and drew. these guys definitely don't want to leave anything to chance, and i like the direction we're going in.
mt: what's been your impression of kobe this season compared with what you thought he might be like before you got here?
goudelock: the work ethic is definitely as impressive as you expected. some people have said that he was a jerk and things like that, but i've been around him every day all year and he's definitely not one. he's a great guy. he has a different sense of humor, but he's great - i don't think people really understand. my perspective on him has changed a lot. and on the court, for example, devin ebanks hadn't played all season, and when he started playing*, nobody has been more vocal and supportive than kobe. telling ebanks what he needs to do, preparing him for what's going to happen. when i was playing earlier in the season, he was always in my ear, and he continues to be.
*ebanks started seven games when bryant was out with a shin injury, and has been starting for metta world peace (suspension) since the final regular season game.
mt: that sounds like how his teammates described bryant's style during lal's title seasons in 2009 and 2010, if maybe to an even greater or more positive degree?
goudelock: he's just more of a leader than i think people that don't know him give him credit for. he's a great player, but he's also a great guy. you know the purple beats by dre that we all have...
mt: yes, are you offering yours to me?
goudelock: (looks over with a "really?" face with eyebrows raised and a frown) ... that was all kobe. he does things like that, when we'll come in the locker room and there's just stuff on our chairs. or like the dinner we had the other night, he laid it all out for us.
mt: this being at boa steakhouse in beverly hills?
goudelock: yeah, and it was real cool. my first team dinner, which i understand is a playoff tradition around here. i just got the salmon, because i've been trying to watch what i eat. guys call me "cheeseburger" and stuff, so i'm watching it.
mt: that right? well done, then. but how much was business, and how much pleasure?
goudelock: everybody was just mingling and talking at first, and then kobe came in and raised a toast. he proceeded to talk about what was at stake, the tradition of being in the playoffs and what changes. he spoke to us for about 10 minutes in front of everybody, and then we all had a great meal.
mt: as a rookie coming onto a team with a lot on the line in terms of legacy, what's it like playing with a guy you already know is one of the best to ever play the game?
goudelock: i know kobe's a top five player of all time ... so it can be weird when you put it in perspective that this dude has done damn near everything that anybody dreams about doing in the basketball world, and think about all that he's done. i think about when he had the afro back in the day sometimes, but at the end of the day he's a basketball player like me. we're all just kids that want to play basketball, so i try not to think about the history of it on a day to day basis, and just compete with him.
mt: how have bryant and the rest of the veterans filled the leadership void left when derek fisher was traded?
goudelock: kobe has definitely spoken up more, but it's been a collective effort from everybody. pau is speaking up, and so are metta (world peace) and matt (barnes). they do what they need to do to keep us together.
mt: it's been an interesting season for bynum, both on the court and off, with his at times brilliant play and then a few incidents -- like the golden state road game -- that have received a great deal of attention. but i get the impression there haven't been issues between bynum and his teammates?
goudelock: oh not at all, man. people don't really know 'drew. they don't really understand what he goes through, because he definitely doesn't act any type of way towards us. he's a great guy, a team player; everybody has problems they deal with in their own way, but one thing that's funny for me is that he and i are almost the same age. i'm 23, about to be 24, like he is, and he's been in the league for seven years. he gives me so many helpful pointers, and is the first person to encourage anybody on the team. he's an all-star now and has been around, but he'll always say stuff like, 'hey 'lock, i see you hit the floater! i see you drop those threes!' you might think that an all-star would be more to himself, but that's not him. he's real cool. i get mad sometimes because people say stuff about him without knowing what he's really like and how he acts towards us.
mt: an example of something bynum will do along those lines?
goudelock: he'll bring food for the entire team on the plane ... and i'm talking about really good, expensive food like sushi. he just looks out for us. being around all these guys, we're a close group, so when we hear someone talking it's like someone talking about your brother. and you say, 'man you don't know, it's all good.' i wish people could see what we see on a day-to-day basis with 'drew and kobe especially. and then metta ... he was the first person to come and talk to me when nobody else was at the start of camp. the first one. people make judgments about him, but aside from pau, he's probably the nicest guy on the team.
darius morris
mt: what has stood out to you from the shift to the regular season to the playoffs?
morris: definitely intensity, focus and overall mindset of the team has changed. you can tell how the guys carry themselves around at shootarounds, just with the knowledge that if you don't win a series you go home. kobe leads the way - his focus level has been extremely high, not only for himself but in terms of communicating with players. he's already watched film before we start, so he knows what plays are going to come during walk through, and that leadership trickles down to everybody else. there's definitely a seriousness, no more joking around; you just save it to the end of practice. everybody has to be on board whether you're in the rotation or not, because there's always a chance you need to contribute.
mt: what was the emphasis of kobe's message at the season-ending, playoff-beginning dinner at boa?
morris: it was just that the season was cool, we overcame a lot, but our real job starts now, and that's trying to win a ring. so let this dinner be our last moments of fun being out and about, but we're all about to lock in after this. just recognize what we have to do as a squad. and for us rookies, they're letting us know that previous championships weren't by luck or by chance. they come with a certain mindset. that's one of the advantages of being a laker, where i get to learn that playoff/championship mindset from guys that have done it more than anybody. it's a mindset that has been developed and works. kobe's been through so much in his career, from winning championships alongside shaq and then as the primary guy (in 2009 and 2010), so he can understand multiple aspects and relate to more of us. he's more versatile as a leader.
mt: for an l.a. kid like yourself that's known of kobe for years, what's he like compared to what you thought he would be?
morris: i didn't really have any expectations; i thought he'd be cool, and sure enough he is - on and off the court. it has been said in the past that he doesn't care about his teammates, but i've found it to be the total opposite. he cares the most. even for guys that aren't playing he'll still talk to and give advice to; it's not all about him. i just think he's a great teammate, more importantly than a great player. when i think about it, my watching him while i was growing up, i can definitely tell that he's matured. i'd used to see him get emotional after calls and things, but now the way he carries himself and interacts with his teammates is ultimate maturity.
mt: how would you describe andrew bynum as a teammate:
morris: i can honestly say that he's totally down to earth and cool with everybody. i'm not sure how bynum might feel about the media, or if things were said about him when he wasn't healthy and playing well that gave him (hesitation), but it's all good with his teammates. so if we see something in public or on the court, we know it's not really like him - or something is really bothering him to make him act that way. i know he's not trying to hurt his teammates, but maybe getting his point across. and even kobe said he could relate to that when he was younger, following his emotions in different ways as he learned.
mt: what stands out to you about your veteran teammates leading into the playoffs?
morris: there's a resolve about these veterans. no matter what's going on outside, they find a way to block it out and still perform everyday for this team however the team needs them. they seem unbreakable, and everyone in their own way. for kobe maybe it's having a really bad shooting night but coming right back the next night; for bynum, it's getting benched and then responding well. for pau it's responding really well after all the trade rumors before the deadline. it's just all resolve, teaching guys like me that no matter what's going on, just be ready to bounce back and get after it.
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aɪ hæv ˈstədid ə lɔt əv ˈkɑmɛnts frəm ˈlɪvərˌpul fænz ɔn ˈfɔrəmz, ˈwɛbˌsaɪts, tˈwɪtər ənd ˈfeɪsˌbʊk sɪns ðə ɛnd əv ðə ˈsizən, ənd ðə ˌoʊvərˈwɛlmɪŋ kənˈkluʒən ɪz ðət moʊst wɔnt wɑn ˈmɑtə tɪ saɪn fər ɑr bɪˈləvəd rɛdz. aɪ hæv tɪ æsk ðə kˈwɛʃən: waɪ? æt 23 jɪrz oʊld ənd wɪθ 129 əˈpɪrənsəz ənd 33 goʊlz (goʊlz tɪ geɪm ˈreɪʃiˌoʊ fər vəˈlɛnsiə ˈəndər hɪz bɛlt, ˈmɑtə həz ɔˈrɛdi ˈpruvən tɪ ðə wərld hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ kəmˈpit æt ðə haɪəst ˈlɛvəl. ˈæftər ˈsəmərz ɪn wɪʧ ˈmɑtə pɪkt əp ðə 2010 wərld kəp ənd ðə ˌjʊrəˈpiən ˈʧæmpiənˌʃɪp ˈtaɪtəlz, ðə ˈfɔrwərd ɪz vjud ɛz wən əv ðə ˈhɑtəst ˈprɑspɛkts ɪn wərld ˈfʊtˌbɔl. bɪˈgɪnɪŋ hɪz juθ kərɪr wɪθ oʊviˈeɪdoʊ, hi muvd tɪ ril əˈkædəmi æt ðə eɪʤ əv 15 ənd spɛnt θri jɪrz ðɛr ənd wɑz prəˈmoʊtəd tɪ ðə kɑˈstɪlə tim ɪn ˈfɑloʊd ənd hi wɑz əˈlaʊd tɪ liv fər lɔs ʧeɪ. ˈuzɪŋ wɪθ peɪs ənd ə dɪˈrɛkt staɪl ðət sɛndz ə ˈʃɪvər daʊn ðə spaɪnz əv dɪˈfɛndərz, lɔs ʧeɪ gɑt ðɛmˈsɛlvz ə ˈbɑrgɪn ənd ɪt wɑz nɑt lɔŋ ˌbiˈfɔr hi wɑz ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪz mɑrk ɔn lɑ liga*. hɪz əˈtækɪŋ roʊl ɔn ðə flæŋk hɛlpt vəˈlɛnsiə tɪ ðə ˈkoʊpə dɛl reɪ ˈtroʊfi ɪn ˈmɑtə ɪz ˈtɛknɪkəli ˈgɪftɪd, hɪz kloʊz kənˈtroʊl ənd ˈvɪʒən ər ˈɛksələnt ənd hi həz ðə əˈbɪləˌti tɪ bit hɪz mæn ənd sɛt əp ˈʧænsɪz wɪˈθɪn ðə blɪŋk əv ən aɪ. hi ɪz ˌhaʊˈɛvər ˈlaɪtˈweɪt ənd læks paʊər, hi kən bi ʃrəgd ɔf ðə bɔl tu wɪʧ ɪz waɪ aɪ hæv daʊts ɔn hɪz əˈbɪləˌti tɪ pərˈfɔrm ɪn ðə prɛˈmɪr lig.
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i have studied a lot of comments from liverpool fans on forums, websites, twitter and facebook since the end of the season, and the overwhelming conclusion is that most want juan mata to sign for our beloved reds. i have to ask the question: why?
at 23 years old and with 129 appearances and 33 goals (goals to game ratio 0.25) for valencia under his belt, mata has already proven to the world his ability to compete at the highest level. after back-to-back summers in which mata picked up the 2010 world cup and the european under-21 championship titles, the forward is viewed as one of the hottest prospects in world football.
beginning his youth career with oviedo, he moved to real madrid’s academy at the age of 15 and spent three years there and was promoted to the castilla team in 2006-07, relegation followed and he was allowed to leave for los che. oozing with pace and a direct style that sends a shiver down the spines of defenders, los che got themselves a bargain and it was not long before he was making his mark on la liga.
his attacking role on the flank helped valencia to the copa del rey trophy in 2007-08. mata is technically gifted, his close control and vision are excellent and he has the ability to beat his man and set up chances within the blink of an eye. he is however lightweight and lacks power, he can be shrugged off the ball too which is why i have doubts on his ability to perform in the premier league.
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ˈhænə græmz ˈpɛrənts ər ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ lərn ɪf ðə ˈbɑdi dɪˈskəvərd ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl ðɪs ˈwiˌkɪnd ɪz ðət əv ðɛr ˈdɔtər. ðə rɪˈmeɪnz wər faʊnd nɪr ˈwɔlˌnət krik pɑrk, nɑt fɑr frəm wɛr ˈʤɛsi ˈmæθju, ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt ɪn hər əbˈdəkʃən, wəns lɪvd. ˈdeɪvɪd ˈkəlvər həz mɔr frəm ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl. (ˈpəblɪʃt ˈmənˌdeɪ, ɔkt. 20 2014 ɛz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz weɪt tɪ si ɪf ə ˈbɑdi faʊnd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪz ˈmɪsɪŋ ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈʤɪnjə ˈstudənt ˈhænə græm, ðə ˈsəˌspɛkt ɪn hər ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns ɪz ˈfeɪsɪŋ ən əˈtɛmptəd ˈmərdər ʧɑrʤ ɪn əˈnəðər keɪs. ˈʤɛsi ɛl. ˈmæθju, jr*. həz ɔˈrɛdi bɪn ʧɑrʤd wɪθ əbˈdəkʃən wɪθ əˈtɛmpt tɪ græm, hu ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd mɔr ðən ə mənθ əˈgoʊ. ɔn ˈmənˌdeɪ, ˈmæθju wɑz ˌɪnˈdaɪtɪd fər əˈtɛmptəd ˈkæpɪtəl ˈmərdər, əbˈdəkʃən wɪθ əˈtɛmpt tɪ, ənd ˈsɛkʃuəl ˌpɛnəˈtreɪʃən wɪθ ən ˈɑbʤɛkt ɪn ə 2005 ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt ɪn ðə ˈsɪti əv ˈfɛrˌfæks, vərˈʤɪnjə. ɔl θri ˈʧɑrʤɪz ər ˈfɛləniz. ɪn ðət keɪs, ə ˈwʊmən wɑz ˈwɔkɪŋ hoʊm frəm ə ˈgroʊsəri stɔr ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər 2005 wɪn ə mæn græbd hər ənd fɔrst hər ˈɪntu ə ˈwʊdɪd ˈɛriə, wɛr hi ˈsɛkʃuəli əˈsɔltɪd hər. hi flɛd ˈæftər biɪŋ ˈstɑrtəld baɪ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən. ˈdʊrɪŋ ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns ˈmənˌdeɪ ˌæftərˈnun, ˈfɛrˌfæks əˈθɔrətiz wər əˈneɪbəl tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈɛvədəns ɪn ðə keɪs. "ju noʊ, aɪv ˈlərnɪd ðə hɑrd weɪ ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 30 jɪrz ðət ðɪs ɪz ʤɪst ðə fərst stɛp, ənd ðə ˈʤəstɪs ˈsɪstəm kən bi ə lɔŋ, təf roʊ tɪ hoʊ, bət aɪ hæv ˈkɑnfədɛns... ðət wi wɪl bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ goʊ ˈfɔrwərd ənd brɪŋ ˈʤəstɪs ɪn ðɪs ˈɪnstəns," sɛd ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθs əˈtərni fər ˈfɛrˌfæks ˈkaʊnti ˈreɪmənd ɛf.. sɛd ðə ˈvɪktɪm ɪn ðə 2005 keɪs ɪz ˈgreɪtfəl tɪ ðə lɛd dɪˈtɛktɪv hu steɪd ɪn təʧ wɪθ hər ˈoʊvər naɪn jɪrz, ˈtɛlɪŋ hər hid ˈnɛvər gɪv əp. "aɪ θɪŋk ɪts fɛr tɪ seɪ ðət ʃiz ˈgreɪtfəl ðət ðə keɪs wɪl goʊ ˈfɔrwərd tɪ ˌwəˈtɛvər ˌrɛzəˈluʃən kəmz tɪ ɪt," hi sɛd. hi sɛd ˈmæθju wɪl ˈlaɪkli bi brɔt tɪ ˈnɔrðərn vərˈʤɪnjə tɪ feɪs ðə ˈʧɑrʤɪz, bət noʊ kɔrt deɪt həz bɪn sɛt jɛt. ɔn ˈθərzˌdeɪ, ˈfɛrˌfæks əˈθɔrətiz wɪl æsk ðə kɔrt fər ə bɛnʧ ˈwɔrənt tɪ brɪŋ ˈmæθju tɪ ˈnɔrðərn vərˈʤɪnjə. "ɪts ˈpɑsəbəl tɪ ˈtrænspɔrt ə dɪˈfɛndənt tɪ ənd frəm ˈvɛriəs ˈkɔrˌthaʊsɪz, ənd ðæts wət wɪl du," sɛd. dɪˈklaɪnd tɪ ˈkɑmɛnt ɔn ˈmæθjuz kəˈnɛkʃən tɪ ˈəðər ənˈsɑlvd ˈkeɪsɪz. ˈsɪti əv ˈfɛrˌfæks pəˈlis ʧif kɑrl ɑr. sɛd ˈfɛrˌfæks əˈθɔrətiz ər kənˈtɪnjuɪŋ tɪ wərk wɪθ əˈθɔrətiz ɪn charlottesille*, ˈkaʊnti ənd vərˈʤɪnjə steɪt pəˈlis. əˈθɔrətiz hæd ˈpriviəsli sɛd ˈdiˌɛˈneɪ ˈɛvədəns lɪŋks ðə 2005 ˈfɛrˌfæks əˈsɔlt tɪ ðə ˈmərdər əv vərˈʤɪnjə tɛk ˈstudənt ˈmɔrgən ˈhɛrɪŋtən ɪn 2009 ˈhɛrɪŋtən ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd ˈæftər əˈtɛndɪŋ ə ˈkɑnsərt æt ðə ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈʤɪnjə ˈkæmpəs ɪn ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl. hər ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ə ˈlɪtəl mɔr ðən faɪv maɪəlz frəm wɛr ðə ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈsætərdiz sərʧ fər græm. ˈhɛrɪŋtən hæd bɪn ˈmɪsɪŋ fər 101 deɪz. noʊ wən həz bɪn ʧɑrʤd ɪn ˈmərdər. bət ˈpɛrənts hæv bɪn ˈæktɪv ɪn ˈsərʧɪŋ fər græm, ˈnoʊtɪŋ ðə ˌsɪməˈlɛrətiz bɪtˈwin ðə tu ˈkeɪsɪz. "aɪ θɔt [græmz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns] simd ˈvɛri ˈsɪmələr tɪ ˈmɔrgənz ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən wɪθ sɔrt əv ðə kˈwɛʃən əv hər ˈmeɪbi biɪŋ ˈsəmˈwət ˌɪmˈpɛrd, ˈsəmˌwən ʤɪst ˈpɪkɪŋ hər əp ənd traɪɪŋ tɪ teɪk kɛr əv hər," dæn ˈhɛrɪŋtən sɛd ˈərliər ðɪs mənθ. "bət ɪt ˈrɪli keɪm tɪ laɪt tɪ mi əˈbaʊt tu wiks əˈgoʊ wɪn aɪ sɔ ə ˈpɪkʧər əv ðə skɛʧ ɛz kəmˈpɛrd tɪ ˈʤɛsi," hi sɛd. "aɪ θɔt, 'oʊ maɪ gɑd, aɪ θɪŋk ɪts ðə seɪm ˈpərsən'." vərˈʤɪnjə steɪt pəˈlis sɛd leɪt læst mənθ ðət ðeɪ bɪˈliv ðeɪ hæv faʊnd ə lɪŋk bɪtˈwin dɛθ ənd græmz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns. ðə nuz əv ðə nu ˈʧɑrʤɪz əˈgɛnst ˈmæθju ɪz əˈnəðər ˈstənɪŋ dɪˈvɛləpmənt kəˈnɛktɪd tɪ græmz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns. ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈsərʧərz ˈlʊkɪŋ fər græm faʊnd ˈjumən rɪˈmeɪnz ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ; vərˈʤɪnjəz ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪgˈzæmənər ɪz ˈwərkɪŋ tɪ aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪ ðə ˈbɑdi naʊ. ˈsənˌdi, ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈɪntərvˌjud ˈrɛzɪdənts ɪn ðə ˈɛriə wɛr ðə ˈbɑdi wɑz faʊnd, ənd ˌfɔˈrɛnsɪk timz koʊmd ðə saɪdz əv ə roʊd fər ˈsɛvərəl maɪəlz pæst ðə saɪt. ɪt wɑz nɑt ˌɪˈmiˌdiətli noʊn wət ðeɪ wər ˈlʊkɪŋ fər. ˌvɑlənˈtɪr ˈsərʧərz dɪˈskəvərd ðə ˌənaɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ˈbɑdi æt əˈbaʊt nun ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ɪn ən "əˈbændənd ˈprɑpərti" əˈlɔŋ oʊld ˈlɪnʧbərg roʊd ɪn ðə ˈwɔlˌnət krik pɑrk ˈɛriə əv ˈælbəˌmɑrəl ˈkaʊnti, əˈθɔrətiz sɛd æt ə ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ˈivnɪŋ nuz ˈkɑnfərəns. ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl pəˈlis ʧif tɪm ˈlɔŋgoʊ sɛd græmz ˈpɛrənts hæd bɪn ˈnoʊtəˌfaɪd əv ðə ˌdɪˈskəvri. hi sɛd ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz ˈwərkɪŋ wɪθ ˈʧɛstərˌfild ˈkaʊnti ˈʃɛrɪfs ˈdɛpjətiz wər ˈsərʧɪŋ ðə ˈprɑpərti ɔn oʊld ˈlɪnʧbərg roʊd wɪn ðeɪ dɪˈskəvərd ðə rɪˈmeɪnz. ˈbɑdi faʊnd ˈdʊrɪŋ sərʧ fər ˈhænə græm rɑ ˈvɪdioʊ: pəˈlis sɛd ɪn ə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ ðət ðeɪ hæd faʊnd ə ˈbɑdi ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə sərʧ fər ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈjuˈviˈeɪ. ˈstudənt ˈhænə græm. ðə ˈbɑdi həz nɑt jɛt bɪn aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd. (ˈpəblɪʃt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɔkt. 18 2014 ˈælbəˌmɑrəl ˈkaʊnti pəˈlis ʧif stiv ˈsɛlərz sɛd, "ðɪs, ˈsædli, ɪz naʊ ə dɛθ ˌɪnˌvɛstəˈgeɪʃən. wi wɪl nɑt ʤəmp tɪ ˈɛni kənˈkluʒənz ˈæftər ˌdɪˈskəvri." ɪn sɛpˈtɛmbər, pəˈlis ʧɑrʤd ˈmæθju ɪn græmz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns. hɪz əˈtərni, ʤɪm camblos*, ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt leɪt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ naɪt, seɪɪŋ "aɪ ˌəndərˈstænd ðə sərʧ timz faʊnd rɪˈmeɪnz ɔn ən əˈbændənd fɑrm ɪn ˈælbəˌmɑrəl ˈkaʊnti. wi ər ˈweɪtɪŋ tɪ si ðə rɪˈzəlts əv ðə ˈmɛdɪkəl ɪgˈzæmɪnərz ˈɔˌtɑpsi. noʊ ˈfərðər ˈkɑmɛnt." ˈælbəˌmɑrəl ˈkaʊnti pəˈlis naʊ ər ˈæskɪŋ ˈɛniˌwən hu sɔ səˈspɪʃəs ækˈtɪvɪti ər səˈspɪʃəs ˈviɪkəlz nɪr oʊld ˈlɪnʧbərg roʊd tɪ ˈkɑnˌtækt ðɛm æt ˈneɪbərz ɪn ðə ˈɛriə sɛd ðeɪ hæd bɪn sˈmɛlɪŋ ə faʊl ˈoʊdər ə fju deɪz əˈgoʊ. sərʧ fər ˈhænə græm mɑrks 1 mənθ ˈnɔrðərn vərˈʤɪnjə ˈbjʊroʊ ʧif ˈʤuli ˈkɛri tɔks wɪθ ˌjunəˈvərsəti əv vərˈʤɪnjə ˈstudənts kənˈsərnd əˈbaʊt ðɛr ˈseɪfti ɛz ðə sərʧ fər ˈhænə græm mɑrks wən mənθ. (ˈpəblɪʃt ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ, ɔkt. 18 2014 ˈimərʤənsi ˈmænɪʤmənt əˈfɪʃəlz, ˈminˌwaɪl, ˈkænsəld ˈsənˌdiz plænd sərʧ fər græm. ˈhənərdz əv ˌvɑlənˈtɪrz hæv ʤɔɪnd ˈʃɑrlətsˌvɪl, ˈælbəˌmɑrəl ˈkaʊnti ənd steɪt əˈθɔrətiz fər ə ˈsɪriz əv ˈsərʧɪz sɪns græm ˌdɪsəˈpɪrd. græm wɑz ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈmɪsɪŋ ˈæftər ə naɪt aʊt wɪθ wɪθ frɛndz sɛpt. 12 ʃi wɑz læst sin ɔn sərˈveɪləns ˈvɪdioʊ ɪn ˈdaʊnˈtaʊn mɔl ɪn ðə ˈərli ˈmɔrnɪŋ aʊərz əv sɛpt. 13 ðə sərˈveɪləns ˈvɪdioʊ ʃoʊz ə mæn pəˈlis aɪˈdɛntəˌfaɪd ɛz ˈmæθju ˈræpɪŋ hɪz ɑrm əraʊnd græm. hi ɪz ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkjuzd əv baɪɪŋ ðə ˈwʊmən ˈælkəˌhɑl. ˈjuˈviˈeɪ. əbˈdəkʃən ˈsəˌspɛkt aɪd ɪn 2003 əˈsɔlt ˈʤɛsi ˈmæθju, ðə mæn əˈkjuzd əv əbˈdəktɪŋ ˈhænə græm, wɑz ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈkæmpəs sɛks əˈsɔlt ɪn 2003 (ˈpəblɪʃt ˈsənˌdi, ɔkt. 19 2014 tu wiks ˈæftər græmz ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns, ˈmæθju ə ˈhɑˌspɪtəl ˈwərkər ənd ˈfɔrmər ˈtæksi ˈdraɪvər wɑz ərˈɛstɪd ɪn ˈtɛksəs. hi həz bɪn ˈɛkstrəˌdaɪtɪd tɪ vərˈʤɪnjə, wɛr hi ɪz ɪn ˈkəstədi. ˈmæθju ɪz nɑt du fər ə kɔrt əˈpɪrəns ɪn ðə keɪs ənˈtɪl dɪˈsɛmbər. ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz bɪˈliv ˈmæθju ˈæktɪd əˈloʊn ənd dɪd nɑt noʊ græm ˌbiˈfɔr hər ˌdɪsəˈpɪrəns. ðə əˈsoʊʃiˌeɪtəd prɛs kənˈtrɪbjutɪd tɪ ðɪs rɪˈpɔrt.
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hannah graham's parents are waiting to learn if the body discovered outside charlottesville this weekend is that of their daughter. the remains were found near walnut creek park, not far from where jesse matthew, the suspect in her abduction, once lived. david culver has more from charlottesville. (published monday, oct. 20, 2014)
as investigators wait to see if a body found saturday is missing university of virginia student hannah graham, the suspect in her disappearance is facing an attempted murder charge in another case.
jesse l. matthew, jr. has already been charged with abduction with attempt to defile graham, who disappeared more than a month ago.
on monday, matthew was indicted for attempted capital murder, abduction with attempt to defile, and sexual penetration with an object in a 2005 sexual assault in the city of fairfax, virginia. all three charges are felonies.
in that case, a 26-year-old woman was walking home from a grocery store in september 2005 when a man grabbed her and forced her into a wooded area, where he sexually assaulted her. he fled after being startled by another person.
during a news conference monday afternoon, fairfax authorities were unable to comment on specific evidence in the case.
"you know, i've learned the hard way over the past 30 years that this is just the first step, and the crimninal justice system can be a long, tough row to hoe, but i have confidence... that we will be able to go forward and bring justice in this instance," said commonwealth's attorney for fairfax county raymond f. morrogh.
morrogh said the victim in the 2005 case is grateful to the lead detective who stayed in touch with her over nine years, telling her he'd never give up.
"i think it's fair to say that she's grateful that the case will go forward to whatever resolution comes to it," he said.
he said matthew will likely be brought to northern virginia to face the charges, but no court date has been set yet. on thursday, fairfax authorities will ask the court for a bench warrant to bring matthew to northern virginia.
"it's possible to transport a defendant to and from various courthouses, and that's what we'll do," morrogh said.
morrogh declined to comment on matthew's connection to other unsolved cases.
city of fairfax police chief carl r. pardiny said fairfax authorities are continuing to work with authorities in charlottesille, albermarle county and virginia state police.
authorities had previously said dna evidence links the 2005 fairfax assault to the murder of virginia tech student morgan harrington in 2009.
harrington disappeared after attending a concert at the university of virginia campus in charlottesville. her body was found a little more than five miles from where the body was found during saturday's search for graham. harrington had been missing for 101 days.
no one has been charged in harrington's murder. but harrington's parents have been active in searching for graham, noting the similarities between the two cases.
"i thought [graham's disappearance] seemed very similar to morgan's situation with sort of the question of her maybe being somewhat impaired, someone just picking her up and trying to take care of her," dan harrington said earlier this month.
"but it really came to light to me about two weeks ago when i saw a picture of the sketch as compared to jesse," he said. "i thought, 'oh my god, i think it's the same person'."
virginia state police said late last month that they believe they have found a link between harrington's death and graham's disappearance.
the news of the new charges against matthew is another stunning development connected to graham's month-long disappearance.
volunteer searchers looking for graham found human remains saturday; virginia's medical examiner is working to identify the body now.
sunday, investigators interviewed residents in the area where the body was found, and forensic teams combed the sides of a road for several miles past the site.
it was not immediately known what they were looking for.
volunteer searchers discovered the unidentified body at about noon saturday in an "abandoned property" along old lynchburg road in the walnut creek park area of albemarle county, authorities said at a saturday evening news conference.
charlottesville police chief tim longo said graham's parents had been notified of the discovery. he said volunteers working with chesterfield county sheriff's deputies were searching the property on old lynchburg road when they discovered the remains.
body found during search for hannah graham
raw video: police said in a press conference saturday that they had found a body during the search for missing uva. student hannah graham. the body has not yet been identified. (published saturday, oct. 18, 2014)
albemarle county police chief steve sellers said, "this, sadly, is now a death investigation. we will not jump to any conclusions after today’s discovery."
in september, police charged matthew in graham's disappearance. his attorney, jim camblos, issued a statement late saturday night, saying "i understand the search teams found remains on an abandoned farm in albemarle county. we are waiting to see the results of the medical examiners autopsy. no further comment."
albemarle county police now are asking anyone who saw suspicious activity or suspicious vehicles near old lynchburg road to contact them at 434-296-5807. neighbors in the area said they had been smelling a foul odor a few days ago.
search for hannah graham marks 1 month
northern virginia bureau chief julie carey talks with university of virginia students concerned about their safety as the search for hannah graham marks one month. (published saturday, oct. 18, 2014)
emergency management officials, meanwhile, canceled sunday's planned search for graham. hundreds of volunteers have joined charlottesville, albemarle county and state authorities for a series of searches since graham disappeared.
graham was reported missing after a night out with with friends sept. 12. she was last seen on surveillance video in charlottesville’s downtown mall in the early morning hours of sept. 13.
the surveillance video shows a man police identified as matthew wrapping his arm around graham. he is also accused of buying the 18-year-old woman alcohol.
uva. abduction suspect eyed in 2003 assault
jesse matthew, the man accused of abducting hannah graham, was investigated in a campus sex assault in 2003. (published sunday, oct. 19, 2014)
two weeks after graham's disappearance, matthew -- a hospital worker and former taxi driver -- was arrested in texas. he has been extradited to virginia, where he is in custody.
matthew is not due for a court appearance in the case until december. investigators believe matthew acted alone and did not know graham before her disappearance.
the associated press contributed to this report.
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ˈəpˌdeɪt həz əˈnaʊnst ðət wɪl rɪˈtərn ɪn ə fˈjuʧər ˈdraɪvər ˈəpˌdeɪt. ərˈɪʤənəl ˈstɔri bɪˈloʊ: ˈmoʊbəl ˈmæksˌwɛl pɑrts hæv wən sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ɛnˈθuziˌæst əˈkleɪm sɪns lɔnʧ θæŋks tɪ ˈɛksələnt pərˈfɔrməns ənd ˈrɛlətɪvli loʊ paʊər kənˈsəmʃən. buˈtik ˈbɪldərz ənd ɛnˈθuziˌæsts əˈlaɪk ˈɔlsoʊ tɛnd tɪ ˌɛnˈʤɔɪ ˈpʊʃɪŋ ðə ˈɛnvəˌloʊp, ənd ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ˌkɛrɪktərˈɪstɪks əˈpɛrəntli meɪk ɪt ˈɛmənəntli ˈsutɪd tɪ. naʊ, əˈpɛrəntli, ɪz ˈkrækɪŋ daʊn ɔn ðiz ˈɔpʃənz wɪθ ə ˈdraɪvər ˈəpˌdeɪt ðət riˈmuvz ðə ˈfiʧərz ðət əˈpɛrəntli səm ˈvɛndərz soʊld tɪ ˈkəstəmərz. ɛz pɔɪnts aʊt, pɑrt əv wət meɪks ðɪs ˈdraɪvər ˈəpˌdeɪt ˌprɑbləˈmætɪk ɪz ðət ˈsɪstəm ˌmænjəˈfækʧərərz ˈæktɪvli ˈædvərˌtaɪz ðɛr ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ɛz ˈhævɪŋ səˈpɔrt beɪkt ɪn tɪ ˈmoʊbəl ˈprɑdəkts., msi*, dɛl (alienware*) ənd ˈseɪgər hæv əˈpɛrəntli ɔl soʊld ˈmɑdəlz wɪθ ɛz ə kɔr ˈfiʧər, ɛz ʃoʊn ɪn ðə ˈkɑpi bɪˈloʊ. əˈpɛrəntli kət ɔf ðə ˈfiʧər wɪθ ɪts ˈdraɪvər ənd kɛpt ɪt ɔf wɪθ ðə ˈdraɪvər riˈlist læst wik. ˈmoʊbəl ˈkəstəmərz hæv bɪn dɪˈmændɪŋ ˈænsərz ɪn ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈfɔrəmz, wɪθ ˈfaɪnəli weɪɪŋ ɪn tɪ tɛl ɪts ˈjuzərz ðət ðɪs ˈfiʧər hæd ˈpriviəsli ˈoʊnli bɪn əˈveɪləbəl bɪˈkəz əv ə ““bug”*” ənd ðət ɪts rɪˈmuvəl ˈkɑnstəˌtutəd ə rɪˈtərn tɪ ˈprɑpər ˈfəŋkʃən ˈrəðər ðən ˈɛni rɪˈmuvəl əv ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti. ˈəndər ˈnɔrməl ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz, kɔl ðɪs ə ˈsɪmpəl keɪs əv əˈʤəstɪŋ ə ˌkeɪpəˈbɪləti ˈwɛðər ˈjuzərz laɪk ɪt ər nɑt, bət ðə fækt ðət ˈməltəpəl ˈvɛndərz ɪkˈsplɪsətli ˌædvərˈtaɪzd ənd soʊld ˈhɑrdˌwɛr beɪst ɔn ˈkɑmplɪˌkeɪts ˈmætərz. nɑt klɪr ɪf ər ðə ˈəðər ˌmænjəˈfækʧərɪŋ ʧɑrʤd ˈɛkstrə fər ˈfæktəri ˈhɑrdˌwɛr ər ɪf ðeɪ ˈsɪmpli ʃɪpt ðə ˈsɪstəmz wɪθ haɪər stɑk spidz, bət wi noʊ ðət ˈtɪpɪkəli du pʊt ə praɪs ˈprimiəm ɔn ðə ˈfiʧər. tɪ deɪt, həz nɑt rɪˈspɑndɪd ˈfɔrməli ər ˈɪndəˌkeɪtɪd ɪf ɪt wɪl ˌrikənˈsɪdər ɪts stæns ɔn. ðə ˈkəmpəˌni ˈkərəntli ˈəndər məʧ kəmˈpɛtɪtɪv ˈprɛʃər tɪ du soʊ ɪt ˈdɑməˌneɪts ðə haɪɛnd ˈmɑrkɪt, ənd waɪl ˈeɪˌɛmˈdi ɪz ˈrumərd tɪ hæv ə nu sɛt əv kɑrdz ˈkəmɪŋ ɪn 2015 nɑt klɪr wɪn ðoʊz kɑrdz wɪl lɔnʧ ər wət ðə ˈmoʊbəl ˈfleɪvərz wɪl lʊk laɪk. fər naʊ, ˈmoʊbəl ˈmæksˌwɛl həz ə lɑk ɔn ðə ɛnˈθuziˌæst speɪs. səm ˈkəstəmərz ər ˈkleɪmɪŋ ðət ˈæŋgri ɪˈnəf tɪ kwɪt ˈjuzɪŋ tim grin, bət pərˈfɔrməns həz ə ˈsaɪrən sɔŋ ɔl ɪts oʊn, ənd ðə pərˈfɔrməns ˌɪmˈpækt əv ˌdɪˈseɪblɪŋ ɪz goʊɪŋ tɪ bi ɪn ðə reɪnʤ fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ˈjuzərz. ɪf ˈkəstəmərz kən pruv ðeɪ peɪd ˈɛkstrə fər ðə ˈfiʧər, ðət kʊd ˈoʊpən ðə dɔr tɪ pəˈtɛnʃəl kleɪmz əˈgɛnst ðə ðɛmˈsɛlvz. fər, ðɪs sərʤ əv əˈtɛnʃən ɔn ðɛr ˈmoʊbəl ɪz ə ˈfɑloʊˌəp tɪ kənˈsərnz əˈbaʊt ðə ˈmɛməri ˌæləˈkeɪʃən ənd ðə kənfˈjuʒən ənd ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz sˈwɔrmɪŋ əraʊnd ˈmoʊbəl g-sync*. waɪl nən əv ðiz ər bloʊz, ðeɪ kənˈtɪnju tɪ raɪl ˌsɛgˈmɛnts əv ðə ɛnˈθuziˌæst kəmˈjunɪti.
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update (2/20/2015): nvidia has announced that overclocking will return in a future driver update.
original story below:
nvidia’s mobile maxwell parts have won significant enthusiast acclaim since launch thanks to excellent performance and relatively low power consumption. boutique builders and enthusiasts alike also tend to enjoy pushing the envelope, and maxwell’s manufacturing characteristics apparently make it eminently suited to overclocking. now, apparently, nvidia is cracking down on these options with a driver update that removes the overclocking features that apparently some vendors sold to customers.
as dailytech points out, part of what makes this driver update problematic is that system manufacturers actively advertise their hardware as having overclock support baked in to mobile products. asus, msi, dell (alienware) and sager have apparently all sold models with overclocking as a core feature, as shown in the copy below.
nvidia apparently cut off the overclocking feature with its 347.09 driver and kept it off with the 347.52 driver released last week. mobile customers have been demanding answers in the company forums, with nvidia finally weighing in to tell its users that this feature had previously only been available because of a “bug” and that its removal constituted a return to proper function rather than any removal of capability.
under normal circumstances, i’d call this a simple case of nvidia adjusting a capability whether users like it or not, but the fact that multiple vendors explicitly advertised and sold hardware based on overclocking complicates matters. it’s not clear if asus or the other manufacturing charged extra for factory overclocked hardware or if they simply shipped the systems with higher stock speeds, but we know that oems typically do put a price premium on the feature.
to date, nvidia has not responded formally or indicated if it will reconsider its stance on overclocking. the company isn’t currently under much competitive pressure to do so it dominates the high-end gpu market, and while amd is rumored to have a new set of cards coming in 2015, it’s not clear when those cards will launch or what the mobile flavors will look like. for now, mobile maxwell has a lock on the enthusiast space. some customers are claiming that they’re angry enough to quit using team green, but performance has a persausive siren song all its own, and the performance impact of disabling overclocking is going to be in the 5-10% range for the majority of users. if customers can prove they paid extra for the feature, that could open the door to potential claims against the oems themselves.
for nvidia, this surge of attention on their mobile overclocking is a likely-unwelcome follow-up to concerns about the gtx 970’s memory allocation and the confusion and allegations swarming around mobile g-sync. while none of these are knock-out blows, they continue to rile segments of the enthusiast community.
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nu ˈrisərʧ səˈʤɛsts ðət ˌɛnˈʤɔɪɪŋ ən ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən rɪˈzəlts ɪn mɔr ˌɪnˈtɛns ˈfilɪŋz əˈbaʊt ðə ɪnˈkaʊnər. ɪn fækt, ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈrisərʧərz dɪˈskəvərd ˌəndərˈgoʊɪŋ ən ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən ˈivɪn ɪf wi du ɪt ɪn ˈsaɪləns, wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən wi mɛt ʤɪst ˈmoʊmənts əˈgoʊ simz tɪ ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪ ðət ɪkˈspɪriəns. ɛz dɪˈskəst ɪn ðə ˈʤərnəl ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl saɪəns, ðə ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ˈpipəl hu ʃɛr ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪθ əˈnəðər ˈpərsən reɪt ðoʊz ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz ɛz mɔr ˈplɛzənt ər ənˈplɛzənt ðən ðoʊz hu ˌəndərˈgoʊ ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ɔn ðɛr oʊn. ˈɔfən θɪŋk ðət wət ˈmætərz ɪn ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf ɪz biɪŋ təˈgɛðər wɪθ ˈəðərz, bət faʊnd ɪt ˈɔlsoʊ ˈrɪli ˈmætərz wət ðoʊz ˈpipəl ər doing,”*,” sɛd ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl ˈsaɪəntɪst ənd lɛd ˈrisərʧər ˈɛrɪkə ˈbuθbi əv jeɪl ˌjunəˈvərsəti. ˈpipəl ər peɪɪŋ əˈtɛnʃən tɪ ðə seɪm ˈplɛzənt θɪŋ, ˈwɛðər ðə ˈmoʊnə ˈlisə ər ə sɔŋ ɔn ðə ˈreɪdiˌoʊ, ɑr ˈrisərʧ ʃoʊz ðət ðə ɪkˈspɪriəns ɪz məʧ mɔr ˈplɛʒərəbəl. ənd ðə rɪˈvərs ɪz tru əv ənˈplɛzənt ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz nɑt ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðɛm meɪks ðɛm mɔr ˈplɛʒərəbəl, waɪl ˈʃɛrɪŋ ðɛm meɪks ðɛm worse,”*,” sɛd ˈbuθbi, ə ˈgræʤəˌweɪt ˈstudənt ɪn ðə ˈsoʊʃəl saɪˈkɑləʤi ph.d*. ˈproʊˌgræm. səm ʃɛrd ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz əˈkər bɪˈkəz əv ðə ˈsɛtɪŋ, səʧ ɛz goʊɪŋ tɪ ə bɔlˈgeɪm ər vjuɪŋ ɑrt ɪn mˈjuziəmz. ðɪs taɪp əv ʃɛrd ɪkˈspɪriəns ðoʊz ðət ənˈfoʊld ˈsoʊʃəli bət ˈsaɪləntli wɑz ðə ˈfoʊkɪs əv ə ˈstədi baɪ ˈbuθbi ənd jeɪl ˈkɑligz, saɪˈkɑləʤəsts ˈdɑktərz ˈmɑrgərɪt klɑrk ənd ʤɑn bargh*. ɪn ðɛr fərst ˈstədi, 23 ˈfiˌmeɪl ˈkɑlɪʤ ˈstudənts keɪm tɪ ðə læb ənd mɛt əˈnəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənt hu wʊd bi kəmˈplitɪŋ ðə ˈstədi æt ðə seɪm taɪm. ənbiˈnoʊnst tɪ ðə ˈstudənts, ðə participant”*” wɑz ˈæˌkʧuəli pɑrt əv ðə ˈrisərʧ tim ənd ʃi ˈɔlˌweɪz pleɪd ðə roʊl əv ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ɪn ðə ˈstədi. ðə pɛr wɑz toʊld ðət ðeɪ wʊd ɪnˈgeɪʤ ɪn ˈsɛvərəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ˈteɪstɪŋ ˈʧɔklət ənd ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ə ˈbʊklɪt əv ˈpeɪnɪŋz, saɪd baɪ saɪd æt ə ˈteɪbəl. ðeɪ wər toʊld ðeɪ wʊd bi əˈsaɪnd tɪ kəmˈplit ðə ækˈtɪvɪtiz ɪn ˈrændəm ˈɔrdər. bət, ɪn ˌriˈæləˌti, ðə ˈstudənt wɑz ˈɔlˌweɪz ˈoʊnli əˈsaɪnd tɪ teɪst ðə tu ˈʧɔkləts, wən æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrˈtɪsəpənt ənd ðə ˈəðər waɪl ðə ˈsɛkənd pɑrˈtɪsəpənt wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈbʊklɪt. ˈæftər ðə ˈstudənt ˈteɪstɪd boʊθ ˈʧɔkləts, ðə ɪkˈspɛrəmənt ˈɛndɪd ““early”*” ˌbiˈfɔr ðeɪ gɑt ə ʧæns tɪ lʊk æt ðə ˈɑrtˌwərk. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈʧɔklət ˈsæmpəlz wər pərˈzɛnəd ɛz tu ˈdɪfərənt ˈʧɔkləts, ðeɪ wər ˈæˌkʧuəli skwɛrz ˈteɪkən frəm ðə seɪm bɑr əv 70 pərˈsɛnt dɑrk ˈʧɔklət. ˈstudənts ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈlaɪkɪŋ ðə ˈʧɔklət ðeɪ hæd ˈteɪstɪd æt ðə seɪm taɪm ɛz ðə ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənt mɔr ðən ðə ˈʧɔklət ðeɪ hæd ˈteɪstɪd waɪl ðə ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənt wɑz ˈlʊkɪŋ æt ðə ˈbʊklɪt. ˌɔlˈðoʊ ðə ˈʧɔklət ˈpisɪz wər aɪˈdɛntɪkəl, ðə ˈstudənts ˈtɛndɪd tɪ rɪˈpɔrt ðə ““shared”*” ˈʧɔklət ɛz biɪŋ mɔr ˈfleɪvərfəl. ˈrisərʧərz bɪˈliv ðɪs kʊd min ðət ðə ækt əv ˈʃɛrɪŋ meɪ ˈɪnfluəns haʊ θɪŋz ər ˈæˌkʧuəli sɛnst ər pərˈsivd. nɛkst, ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪtərz ˈwɔntɪd tɪ dɪˈskəvər ˈwɛðər ˈʃɛrɪŋ meɪks ˈɛni ɪkˈspɪriəns mɔr ˈplɛzənt ər ˈæˌkʧuəli ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪz spɪˈsɪfɪk ˈfilɪŋz (ˈpɑzətɪv ər ˈnɛgətɪv). tɪ du ðɪs, ðeɪ tæskt əˈnəðər grup əv ˈstudənts tɪ teɪst ə ˈbɪtər substitute.”*.” (ðə ˈsəbstəˌtut wɑz ˈrɪli ʤɪst 90 pərˈsɛnt dɑrk ˈʧɔklət, wɪʧ rɪˈvild tɪ bi ənˈplɛzənt.) ðɪs taɪm, ðə ˈstudənts sɛd ðət ðeɪ laɪkt ðə ““shared”*” ˈʧɔklət lɛs. ðeɪ ˈɔlsoʊ ˌriˈpɔrtəd ˈfilɪŋ mɔr əbˈzɔrbd ɪn ðə ˈteɪstɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriəns ənd mɔr ɪn tun wɪθ ðə ˈəðər pɑrˈtɪsəpənt wɪn ðeɪ ˈteɪstɪd ðə ˈʧɔkləts æt ðə seɪm taɪm. ˈrisərʧərz ɪkˈspleɪn ðɪs ˈfaɪndɪŋ baɪ səˈʤɛst ðət ˈʃɛrɪŋ ən ɪkˈspɪriəns wɪθ ˈsəmˌwən ɛls, ˈivɪn ˈsaɪləntli, meɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɑr əˈtɛnʃən, ˈmeɪkɪŋ ˈjuˈɛs mɔr əˈtund tɪ wət wi ər ˈsɛnsɪŋ ənd pərˈsivɪŋ. ˈpipəl θɪŋk əv ʃɛrd ɪkˈspɪriəns, wət ˈjuʒəwəli kəmz tɪ maɪnd ɪz biɪŋ wɪθ kloʊz ˈəðərz, səʧ ɛz frɛndz ər ˈfæməli, ənd ˈtɔkɪŋ wɪθ them,”*,” sɛd ˈbuθbi. ˈriəˌlaɪz ðə ɪkˈstɛnt tɪ wɪʧ wi ər ˈɪnfluənst baɪ ˈpipəl əraʊnd ˈjuˈɛs hum wi noʊ ənd ˈivɪn kəmˈjunəˌkeɪtɪŋ with.”*.” ˈəltəmətli, ðiz ˈfaɪndɪŋz meɪ hæv sɪgˈnɪfɪkənt ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃənz fər ˈsoʊʃəl laɪf ɪn ə wərld ðət ɪz fɪld wɪθ ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃənz ðət kɔz dɪˈstrækʃənz. tɛkst frɛndz waɪl æt ə ˈpɑrti, ʧɛk ɑr tˈwɪtər fid waɪl aʊt tɪ ˈdɪnər, ənd pleɪ waɪl ˈwɑʧɪŋ ˌtɛləˈvɪʒən wɪθ ˈfæməli wɪˈθaʊt ˈminɪŋ tɪ, wi ər ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz wɪθ ðə ˈpipəl əraʊnd us,”*,” ˈbuθbi sɛd. ˈplɛzənt ɪkˈspɪriəns ðət goʊz ɪz ə mɪst ˌɑpərˈtunəti tɪ ˈfoʊkɪs ɔn ðə ækˈtɪvɪti wi ənd ˈəðərz ər duɪŋ ənd gɪv ɪt ə boost.”*.” sɔrs: əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən fər ˌsaɪkəˈlɑʤɪkəl saɪəns ˈʃɛrɪŋ ɪkˈspɪriənsɪz kən ˌɪnˈtɛnsɪˌfaɪ ˈiˌmoʊʃən
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new research suggests that enjoying an experience with another person results in more intense feelings about the encounter.
in fact, psychological researchers discovered undergoing an experience with another person — even if we do it in silence, with someone we met just moments ago — seems to intensify that experience.
as discussed in the journal psychological science, the research shows that people who share experiences with another person rate those experiences as more pleasant or unpleasant than those who undergo the experience on their own.
“we often think that what matters in social life is being together with others, but we’ve found it also really matters what those people are doing,” said psychological scientist and lead researcher erica boothby of yale university.
“when people are paying attention to the same pleasant thing, whether the mona lisa or a song on the radio, our research shows that the experience is much more pleasurable. and the reverse is true of unpleasant experiences — not sharing them makes them more pleasurable, while sharing them makes them worse,” said boothby, a graduate student in the social psychology ph.d. program.
some shared experiences occur because of the setting, such as going to a ballgame or viewing art in museums.
this type of shared experience — those that unfold socially but silently — was the focus of a study by boothby and yale colleagues, psychologists doctors margaret clark and john bargh.
in their first study, 23 female college students came to the lab and met another participant who would be completing the study at the same time.
unbeknownst to the students, the “other participant” was actually part of the research team and she always played the role of the second participant in the study.
the pair was told that they would engage in several activities, including tasting chocolate and looking at a booklet of paintings, side by side at a table.
they were told they would be assigned to complete the activities in random order. but, in reality, the student was always only assigned to taste the two chocolates, one at the same time as the second participant and the other while the second participant was looking at the booklet.
after the student tasted both chocolates, the experiment ended “early” before they got a chance to look at the artwork.
although the chocolate samples were presented as two different chocolates, they were actually squares taken from the same bar of 70 percent dark chocolate.
students reported liking the chocolate they had tasted at the same time as the other participant more than the chocolate they had tasted while the other participant was looking at the booklet.
although the chocolate pieces were identical, the students tended to report the “shared” chocolate as being more flavorful.
researchers believe this could mean that the act of sharing may influence how things are actually sensed or perceived.
next, investigators wanted to discover whether sharing makes any experience more pleasant or actually intensifies specific feelings (positive or negative). to do this, they tasked another group of students to taste a bitter “chocolate substitute.” (the substitute was really just 90 percent dark chocolate, which pre-testing revealed to be unpleasant.)
this time, the students said that they liked the “shared” chocolate less. they also reported feeling more absorbed in the tasting experience and more in tune with the other participant when they tasted the chocolates at the same time.
researchers explain this finding by suggest that sharing an experience with someone else, even silently, may focus our attention, making us more attuned to what we are sensing and perceiving.
“when people think of shared experience, what usually comes to mind is being with close others, such as friends or family, and talking with them,” said boothby.
“we don’t realize the extent to which we are influenced by people around us whom we don’t know and even communicating with.”
ultimately, these findings may have significant implications for social life in a world that is filled with situations that cause distractions.
“we text friends while at a party, check our twitter feed while out to dinner, and play sudoku while watching tv with family — without meaning to, we are unsharing experiences with the people around us,” boothby said.
“a pleasant experience that goes unshared is a missed opportunity to focus on the activity we and others are doing and give it a boost.”
source: association for psychological science
sharing experiences can intensify emotion
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here’s* ə pis əv əˈdəltərˌeɪtɪd ˈnɑnsɛns əˈbaʊt ðə ˈænθɔˌni ˈwaɪnər ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən ðət nidz ˈnɪpɪŋ ɪn ðə bəd ənd kwɪk: ðət ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmˌhaʊ ““like”*” ðə bɪl ləˈwɪnski ˈskændəl. aɪ heɪt ə ˈnəmbər əv θɪŋz əˈbaʊt maɪ ˈʧoʊzən prəˈfɛʃən, bət ɛz aɪ slaʊʧ təˈwɔrd maɪ θərd ˈdɛkeɪd əv duɪŋ ðɪs, kəm tɪ heɪt ˈnəθɪŋ mɔr ðən glɪb, ˈfæsəl, rəˈflɛksɪv, ənd ʤɪst ˈɪgnərənt kəmˈpɛrəsənz. ˈklɪntən ənd ˈwaɪnər: tu ˈpaʊərfəl mɛn kɔt əp ɪn sɛks ˈskændəlz. ðeɪ məst bi əˈlaɪk! pliz. ðə ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪtˈwin ðə mɛn ənd ðə ˈsərkəmˌstænsɪz ər ˈliʤən, ənd ðə blərɪŋ əv ðoʊz ˈdɪfərənsɪz, əˈsaɪd frəm ʤɪst ˈmeɪkɪŋ ɑr ˈkəlʧər ðət məʧ ˈstupɪdər, du ə proʊˈfaʊnd dɪˈsərvəs tɪ wət wɑz æt steɪk bæk ɪn 1998 ðoʊz ˈdɪfərənsɪz bɪˈgɪn wɪθ ðə ˈpərsɪnəl. seɪ wət ju wɪl əˈbaʊt wət ˈklɪntən dɪd. ɪt wɑz bæd, ənd hi ʃʊd nɑt hæv bɪn duɪŋ ɪt wɪθ hər. bət æt list ðə bɪˈheɪvjər fɛl ˈbrɔdli wɪˈθɪn ðə rɛlm əv stəf ðət ˈnɔrməl ˈjumən biɪŋz du. ənd æt list hi du ɪt əˈgɛn wɪˈθɪn lɛs ðən ə jɪr əv biɪŋ kɔt. əˈbaʊt ˈwaɪnər, ɔn ðə ˈəðər hænd, wi kən meɪk ˈniðər əv ðoʊz kleɪmz. ɪf aɪ wər ə ˈwʊmən, ər geɪ, ˈprɪti klɪr ɔn wɪʧ wən əv ðə tu ˈrəðər bi ɔn ðə rɪˈsivɪŋ ɛnd əv ədˈvænsɪz frəm. bət ə saɪd pɔɪnt. ðə ril ˈdɪfərənsɪz ər pəˈlɪtɪkəl, ənd ðə ɛˈsɛnʃəl fækt ɪz ðɪs: ˈklɪntən hæd ə ˈprɛzɪdənsi tɪ prəˈtɛkt. jɛs, jɛs, hi ˈɔlˌmoʊst θru ɪt əˈweɪ; ˈgrænɪd ənd ˈstɪpjəˌleɪtɪd. bət huˈmɛvər ju ʧuz tɪ bleɪm, ðə fækt ɪz ðət hi wɑz ðə ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈprɛzɪdənt, ənd ðɛr wɑz noʊ kʊd ˈpɑsəbli lɛt ðə raɪt wɪŋ sɛt ðə ˈprɛsɪdənt əv ˈfɔrsɪŋ ə ˈprɛzɪdənt frəm ˈɔfəs ˈoʊvər ə sɛks ˈskændəl ðət, ɪt ɪz wɛl tɪ ˈriˌkɔl, ə kwaɪt lɑrʤ məˈʤɔrəti əv əˈmɛrɪkənz ˈnɛvər kənˈsɪdərd graʊnz fər rɪˈmuvəl frəm ˈɔfəs. ˈhɪləri, tu. aɪ rɪˈmɛmbər wɛl ˈrɛdɪŋ ɔl ðoʊz ˈkɑləmz blubbering*, haʊ kən ʃi steɪ wɪθ ɪm? aɪ ˈnɛvər ˌəndərˈstʊd wət ɔn ərθ ðeɪ wər ˈtɔkɪŋ əˈbaʊt. haʊ kʊd ʃi nɑt hæv steɪd wɪθ ɪm? ðɪs wɑz ə plɑt baɪ ə grup əv ˈpipəl, ənd ɪt ə plɑt tɪ breɪk əp ðə ˈklɪntən ˈmɛrɪʤ; ɪt wɑz ə plɑt tɪ faɪnd ˈɛni ˈrizən ðeɪ kʊd tɪ ʧeɪs hər ˈhəzbənd frəm ˈɔfəs. ɪf ˈwɔntɪd tɪ faɪl dɪˈvɔrs ˈpeɪpərz ɔn ˈʤænjuˌɛri 21 2001 ðət wʊd hæv bɪn hər raɪt ənd hər ˈbɪznɪs. bət waɪl hi wɑz ɪn ðə waɪt haʊs? noʊ weɪ. ðeɪ wər ˈfaɪtɪŋ ə ku d’état*. ɪf ju əraʊnd ðɛn, ər ɪf fərˈgɑtən, ju meɪ θɪŋk ðət freɪz ən ɪgˌzæʤərˈeɪʃən. ɪt moʊst ˈsərtənli ɪz nɑt. goʊ rɛd əˈbaʊt ˈrɪʧərd ˈmɛlən skeɪf ənd ðə ˈɑrkənˌsɑ ˈprɑʤɛkt. goʊ rɛd əˈbaʊt ʤəʤ ˈlɔrəns ˈsɪlbərmən ənd hɪz waɪf, ˈrɪˌki. goʊ rɛd əˈbaʊt elves.”*.” əˈbaʊt wət ɪgˈzæktli ˈlɪndə trɪp dɪd, ənd wət sɔrt əv ˈpərsən ʃi wɑz. ənd ˈfaɪnəli, əˈbaʊt kɛn stɑr ənd hɪz ˈprɑsɪˌkjutərz, ənd ðɛr oʊn sɛt əv ˈwɪlɪŋ ˈlɪtəl ɛlvz ɪn ðə ˈwɔʃɪŋtən ˈmidiə æt ðə taɪm, ˈglifəli əkˈsɛptɪŋ ˌprɑsɪkjuˈtɔriəl liks ðət wər ˈdɛfənətli əˈnɛθɪkəl ənd ˈɑrgjuəbli ˌɪˈligəl ɪn səm ˈkeɪsɪz, bət ˈprɪnɪd ˈbrɛθləsli ɔn baɪ ə bənʧ əv ˈɛdɪtərz hu fɛlt ˈʧitɪd bɪˈkəz ðeɪ gɪt tɪ lɪv θru ˈwɔtərˌgeɪt ənd wər traɪɪŋ tɪ kriˈeɪt ðɛr oʊn aʊt əv ə fju bloʊ ʤɑbz. ˈhɪləri wɑz raɪt. ðɛr wɑz ə væst kənˈspɪrəsi. ju kən kˈwɪbəl wɪθ ðə ““vast”*” pɑrt, aɪ gɛs, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ ju dɪˈfaɪn ðət wərd. bət ˈbeɪsɪkli ʃi wɑz raɪt. ɪt wɑz ə wɪʧ hənt. moʊst əv ˈwɔʃɪŋtən hæd ˌæbsəˈlutli noʊ ˌəndərˈstændɪŋ əv ðət ðɛn. ðeɪ, ðiz ˈpipəl əv əˈfɪʃəl ˈwɔʃɪŋtən, ʤɪst rɪfˈjuzd tɪ bɪˈliv ɪn 1998 ðət ðə kənˈsərvətɪv ˈmuvmənt kʊd bi ðət məˈlɛvələnt ənd ˌmɑkjəˈvɛliən. ˈlərnɪŋ, sˈloʊli, ðə truθ. waɪ dɪd ðeɪ heɪt ˈklɪntən soʊ? bɪˈkəz hi wɑz ə səbˈstænʃəl hɪˈstɔrɪkəl ˈfɪgjər, ənd ðeɪ nu ɪt. li ˈætwɔtər sɔ ɪt ɪn ðə 1980s*: wi hæv tɪ stɑp ðət ˈklɪntən gaɪ; hi kən ʧeɪnʤ ðə feɪs əv əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpɑləˌtɪks. ənd hi hɛlpt du ɪgˈzæktli ðət. kriˈeɪtɪd mɔr ʤɑbz ðən ˈɛni ˈmɑdərn ˈprɛzɪdənt, ɪn ðə ˈprɔˌsɛs ʃoʊɪŋ ˈpipəl ðət ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪks wɑz hoodoo*. wən bæk ə lɔt əv ðə ˈrigən ˈdɛməˌkræts. səˈlɪdəˌfaɪd ðə democrats’*’ hoʊld ɔn ə ˈhændˌfʊl əv steɪts ðət ˈnɛvər lɔst sɪns 1992 bət wər ˈluzɪŋ ˌbiˈfɔr, ənd ðət æd əp tɪ 60 ər 70 ɪˈlɛktərəl voʊts, dɪˈpɛndɪŋ ɔn haʊ ju kaʊnt. ðiz ər ðə ˈrizənz hi wɑz ˌɪmˈpiʧt. ðə sɛks wɑz ðə ɪkˈskjuz. kən ˈɛni əv ðɪs bi sɛd əˈbaʊt ˈmɪstər. ənd ˈmɪsɪz. ˈwaɪnər? hi wɑz ə laʊd wɪθ ˈvɛri ˈlɪtəl əv ðə ˈsəbstəntɪv ˈgrævɪti əv hɪz oʊld ˈmɛnˌtɔr, ʧək ˈʃumər. hi ɪz ʤɪst ə ˈsɛlfˈsɛntərd ənd ˈɔɪli ˈpərsən, ənd aɪ hæv ˈbeɪgən tɪ kənˈklud ðət hɪz waɪf məʧ ˈbɛtər. bɪn ʃɑkt æt ðə ˈnəmbər əv ˈpipəl hu ˈsɪmpli ˈnoʊtɪs, ər ʧoʊz nɑt tɪ ˈnoʊtɪs, ðə ˈmoʊmənt ɪn ðə prɛs ˈkɑnfərəns wɪn ˈænθɔˌni wɑz æst wɪn ˈlərnɪd əv ðə ˌæləˈgeɪʃənz. aɪ ɪkˈspɛktɪd ɪm tɪ seɪ hi fɛst əp ə fju deɪz əˈgoʊ. bət ˌɪnˈstɛd hi sɛd: nu ɔl əˈlɔŋ ðɪs ˈprɔˌsɛs, ɛz aɪ wɑz mɔr ənd mɔr ˈɑnəst wɪθ hər. aɪ toʊld hər ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ. soʊ ðɪs ɪz ˈsəmθɪŋ wi nu goʊɪŋ ˈɪntu ðə dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈwɛðər aɪ wʊd run.”*.” ðət meɪk hər ə ˈvɪktɪm ˌɛniˈmɔr. ɪt meɪks hər ə co-conspirator*. soʊ nɑt grænt ðiz ˈgrəbi ˈpipəl ðə ˈɑnər əv ə kəmˈpɛrəsən wɪθ ðə ˈkəpəl ðət wɑz ɔn ðə rɪˈsivɪŋ ɛnd əv ðə moʊst ˈkɛrfəli ˈɔrkɪˌstreɪtɪd pəˈlɪtɪkəl əˈtæks ɪn ˈmɑdərn əˈmɛrɪkən ˈhɪstəri. aɪ preɪ ðət ðə nɛkst raʊnd əv poʊlz ʃoʊz ɪm ˈdrɑpɪŋ ɔf ðə klɪf, ənd hi teɪks ðə hɪnt. ər hɪz bɪg ˌfaɪˈnænʃəl ˈmeɪbi ɪm ənd tɛl ɪm tɪ sis ənd dɪˈzɪst. ɪˈnəf ɪz ɪˈnəf. ənd pliz, kul ɪt wɪθ ðə ˌsupərˈfɪʃəl kəmˈpɛrəsənz ðət ʤɪst tru. ðeɪ ʤɪst sərv tɪ prəˈvaɪd ən ɪkˈskjuz fər ˈækʃənz ðət hæv nən.
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here’s a piece of adulterated nonsense about the anthony weiner situation that needs nipping in the bud and quick: that this is somehow “like” the bill clinton–monica lewinsky scandal. i hate a number of things about my chosen profession, but as i slouch toward my third decade of doing this, i’ve come to hate nothing more than glib, facile, reflexive, and just ignorant comparisons. clinton and weiner: two powerful men caught up in sex scandals. they must be alike! please. the differences between the men and the circumstances are legion, and the blurring of those differences, aside from just making our culture that much stupider, do a profound disservice to what was at stake back in 1998.
those differences begin with the personal. say what you will about what clinton did. it was bad, and he should not have been doing it with her. but at least the behavior fell broadly within the realm of stuff that normal human beings do. and at least he didn’t do it again within less than a year of being caught. about weiner, on the other hand, we can make neither of those claims. if i were a woman, or gay, i’m pretty clear on which one of the two i’d rather be on the receiving end of advances from.
but that’s a side point. the real differences are political, and the essential fact is this: clinton had a presidency to protect. yes, yes, he almost threw it away; granted and stipulated. but whomever you choose to blame, the fact is that he was the sitting president, and there was no way—no way—he could possibly let the right wing set the precedent of forcing a president from office over a sex scandal that, it is well to recall, a quite large majority of americans never considered grounds for removal from office.
hillary, too. i remember well reading all those columns blubbering, how can she stay with him? i never understood what on earth they were talking about. how could she not have stayed with him? this was a plot by a group of people, and it wasn’t a plot to break up the clinton marriage; it was a plot to find any reason they could to chase her husband from office. if she’d wanted to file divorce papers on january 21, 2001, that would have been her right and her business. but while he was in the white house? no way. they were fighting a coup d’état.
if you weren’t around then, or if you’ve forgotten, you may think that phrase an exaggeration. it most certainly is not. go read about richard mellon scaife and the arkansas project. go read about judge laurence silberman and his wife, ricky. go read about “the elves.” about what exactly linda tripp did, and what sort of person she was. and finally, about ken starr and his prosecutors, and their own set of willing little elves in the washington media at the time, gleefully accepting prosecutorial leaks that were definitely unethical and arguably illegal in some cases, but printed breathlessly on a1 by a bunch of editors who felt cheated because they didn’t get to live through watergate and were trying to create their own out of a few blow jobs.
hillary was right. there was a vast right-wing conspiracy. you can quibble with the “vast” part, i guess, depending on how you define that word. but basically she was right. it was a witch hunt. most of washington had absolutely no understanding of that then. they, these people of official washington, just refused to believe in 1998 that the conservative movement could be that malevolent and machiavellian. they’re learning, slowly, the truth.
why did they hate clinton so? because he was a substantial historical figure, and they knew it. lee atwater saw it in the 1980s: we have to stop that clinton guy; he can change the face of american politics. and he helped do exactly that. created more jobs than any modern president, in the process showing people that trickle-down economics was hoodoo. won back a lot of the reagan democrats. solidified the democrats’ hold on a handful of states that they’ve never lost since 1992 but were losing before, and that add up to 60 or 70 electoral votes, depending on how you count. these are the reasons he was impeached. the sex was the excuse.
can any of this be said about mr. and mrs. weiner? he was a loud backbencher with very little of the substantive gravity of his old mentor, chuck schumer. he is just a self-centered and oily person, and i have begun to conclude that his wife isn’t much better. i’ve been shocked at the number of people who simply didn’t notice, or chose not to notice, the moment in the press conference when anthony was asked when huma learned of the allegations. i expected him to say he fessed up a few days ago. but instead he said: “she knew all along this process, as i was more and more honest with her. i told her everything. so this is something we knew going into the decision about whether i would run.”
that doesn’t make her a victim anymore. it makes her a co-conspirator.
so let’s not grant these grubby people the honor of a comparison with the couple that was on the receiving end of the most carefully orchestrated political attacks in modern american history. i pray that the next round of polls shows him dropping off the cliff, and he takes the hint. or his big financial backers—or maybe schumer?—call him and tell him to cease and desist. enough is enough. and please, let’s cool it with the superficial comparisons that just aren’t true. they just serve to provide an excuse for actions that have none.
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ˈnɪrli 200 maɪəlz əv ə ˈpɑpjələr ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈrɪvər ɪz kloʊzd tɪ ðə ˈpəblɪk, ɛz ˈθaʊzənz əv fɪʃ hæv gɔn ˈbɛli əp ɪn ən ““unprecedented”*” weɪ. əˈfɪʃəlz ɪn mɑnˈtænə ˈsəˌspɛkt ðə kɔz ɪz ə ˌpɛrəˈsɪtɪk dɪˈziz. ˈfɪʃɪŋ, ˈræftɪŋ, sˈwɪmɪŋ ənd ˈəðər ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl ækˈtɪvɪtiz wər bænd fər ən ˌəndɪˈtərmɪnd əˈmaʊnt əv taɪm ɛz əv ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ. ðə ˌɪˈmiˌdiət ˈkloʊʒər ɪz ˈstrɛʧɪŋ frəm ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈnæʃənəl ˈnɔrðərn ˈbaʊndəri æt ˈgɑrdnər tɪ ðə ˈhaɪˌweɪ 212 brɪʤ ɪn ˈlɔrəl, ðə ˈɛriə sərˈaʊndɪŋ ðə əˈfɛktɪd zoʊn. ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈrɪvər kloʊzd tɪ ɔl ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən ɪn rɪˈspɑns tɪ ˈɔnˌgoʊɪŋ fɪʃ kɪl: mɑnˈtænə (@montanafwp*) ˈɔgəst 19 2016 əˈfɪʃəlz frəm mɑnˈtænə fɪʃ, ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf ənd pɑrks (fwp*) seɪ ðə strɛʧ əv ðə ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈrɪvər wʊd nɑt riˈoʊpən ənˈtɪl fɪʃ stɑp daɪɪŋ. ɛz əv ˈfraɪˌdeɪ ˈmɔrnɪŋ, əp tɪ fɪʃ hæv bɪn ˈkaʊntɪd, bət ə ril ˈnəmbər ɪz bɪˈlivd tɪ bi ɪn ðə tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz. ðə fɪʃ kɪl həz ɪkˈstɛndɪd fər ˈnɪrli 100 maɪəlz, ðə sɛd. "ðɪs kɪl ɪz ənˈprɛsɪˌdɛntɪd ɪn ˈmægnəˌtud. wi ˈhævənt sin ˈsəmθɪŋ laɪk ðɪs ɪn mɑnˈtænə," ˈspoʊksˌwʊmən ˌɑnˈdreɪə ʤoʊnz sɛd. sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt ðət tɛst rɪˈzəlts frəm ˈsæmpəlz sɛnt tɪ ðə ˈjuˈɛs fɪʃ ˈwaɪlˌdlaɪf fɪʃ hɛlθ ˈsɛnər ɪn ˈboʊzmən, ʃoʊɪŋ ðə ˈkætəˌlɪst fər ðɪs fɪʃ kɪl tɪ bi ˈkɪdni dɪˈziz. wən əv ðə moʊst ˈsɪriəs dɪˈzizɪz tɪ ˌɪmˈpækt ˈwaɪtˌfɪʃ ənd trout,”*,” ʤoʊnz sɛd. fɪʃ sək ɪn spɔrz əv ðə dɪˈziz θru ðɛr gɪlz, ənd ðə ˈpɛrəˌsaɪt ðɛn ˈtrævəlz tɪ ðə ˈkɪdniz, ɪˈvɛnʧəwəli ˈkɔzɪŋ ˈfeɪljər. ɪt ɪz nɑt ˈdeɪnʤərəs fər ˈjumənz ənd dɔgz. ˈvaɪrəl: human-toothed’*’ fɪʃ pʊld frəm ˈmɪʃɪgən leɪks (@rt_com*) ˈɔgəst 13 2016 ɪt ɪz bɪˈlivd ðət ðə ˈdɛdli ˈpɛrəˌsaɪt ɪz ˈgɪtɪŋ ˈɪntu ˈrɪvərz θru boʊts, tubz, ˈweɪdərz ənd ˈəðər ˈjumən ˈkɑnˌtækt. bət ˈifɛkts əv ðə dɪˈziz kən ˈɔlsoʊ bi ˈwərsənd baɪ pur ˈrɪvər kənˈdɪʃənz laɪk haɪ ˈwɔtər ˈtɛmpərəʧərz ənd loʊ floʊz, wɪʧ ər ˈstrɛsfəl fər ˈspiʃiz laɪk traʊt ənd ˈwaɪtˌfɪʃ. "ə θrɛt tɪ ðə hɛlθ əv mɑnˈtænəz fɪʃ ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃənz ɪz ə θrɛt tɪ mɑnˈtænəz ɪnˈtaɪər ˈaʊtˌdɔr ɪˈkɑnəmi ənd ðə tɛnz əv ˈθaʊzənz əv ʤɑbz ɪt səˈsteɪnz," sɛd gəv. stiv ˈbʊlək, ˈædɪŋ ðət dɪˈspaɪt ˈluzɪz ðə steɪt ʃʊd du ˌwəˈtɛvər ɪt teɪks tɪ stɑp ðə dɪˈziz frəm ˈsprɛdɪŋ tɪ ˈəðər ˈrɪvərz. mɑnˈtænəz ˈaʊtˌdɔr ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃən ɪˈkɑnəmi ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər mɔr ðən ʤɑbz ənd ˈnɪrli 6 ˈbɪljən ɪn ˈjɪrli ˌɛkəˈnɑmɪk ækˈtɪvɪti, hi strɛst. noʊ dɛd fɪʃ hæv bɪn faʊnd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk, wɛr ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri ˌsɛləˈbreɪʃən ɪz ɪkˈspɛktɪd tɪ kɪk ɔf nɛkst wik. əˈfɪʃəlz seɪ noʊ ˈkloʊʒər ɪz plænd ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə pɑrk. ðɪs taɪm, ðə [ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk ˈsərvɪs] ɪz nɑt kənˈsɪdərɪŋ ɪkˈspændɪŋ ðə ˈrɪvər ˈkloʊʒər ˌɪnˈsaɪd ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈnæʃənəl pɑrk. kruz ər ˈæktɪvli əˈsɛsɪŋ ðə ˈjɛloʊˌstoʊn ˈrɪvər ənd ɪts ˈtrɪbjəˌtɛriz ˌɪnˈsaɪd ðə ˈnɔrðərn ˈbaʊndəri ənd hæv nɑt dɪˈskəvərd ˈɛni dɛd fish,”*,” ðə ˈeɪʤənsi sɛd ɪn ə ˈsteɪtmənt. ðə dɪˈziz həz ɔˈrɛdi strək tu ˈaɪsəˌleɪtɪd mɑnˈtænə loʊˈkeɪʃənz ˈoʊvər ðə pæst 20 jɪrz. ˈrisənt ˈaʊtˌbreɪks hæv ˈɔlsoʊ əˈkərd ɪn ˈaɪdəˌhoʊ, ˈɔrəˌgɑn ənd ˈwɔʃɪŋtən.
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nearly 200 miles of a popular yellowstone river is closed to the public, as thousands of fish have gone belly up in an “unprecedented” way. officials in montana suspect the cause is a human-spread parasitic disease.
fishing, rafting, swimming and other water-based recreational activities were banned for an undetermined amount of time as of friday morning. the immediate closure is stretching from yellowstone national park’s northern boundary at gardiner to the highway 212 bridge in laurel, the area surrounding the affected zone.
yellowstone river closed to all recreation in response to ongoing fish kill: https://t.co/hhydjpr5xjpic.twitter.com/bkwuucthce — montana fwp (@montanafwp) august 19, 2016
officials from montana fish, wildlife and parks (fwp) say the 183-mile stretch of the yellowstone river would not reopen until fish stop dying. as of friday morning, up to 4,000 fish have been counted, but a real number is believed to be in the tens of thousands. the fish kill has extended for nearly 100 miles, the fwp said.
"this kill is unprecedented in magnitude. we haven't seen something like this in montana," fwp spokeswoman andrea jones said.
fwp said in a statement that test results from samples sent to the us fish & wildlife service’s fish health center in bozeman, showing the catalyst for this fish kill to be proliferative kidney disease.
“it’s one of the most serious diseases to impact whitefish and trout,” jones said.
fish suck in spores of the disease through their gills, and the parasite then travels to the kidneys, eventually causing failure. it is not dangerous for humans and dogs.
viral: ‘genitalia-eating human-toothed’ fish pulled from michigan lakes https://t.co/6dnd0rmhle — rt (@rt_com) august 13, 2016
it is believed that the deadly parasite is getting into rivers through boats, tubes, waders and other human contact. but effects of the disease can also be worsened by poor river conditions like high water temperatures and low flows, which are stressful for cold-water species like trout and whitefish.
"a threat to the health of montana's fish populations is a threat to montana's entire outdoor economy and the tens of thousands of jobs it sustains," said gov. steve bullock, adding that despite loses the state should do whatever it takes to stop the disease from spreading to other rivers.
montana's outdoor recreation economy is responsible for more than 64,000 jobs and nearly $6 billion in yearly economic activity, he stressed.
no dead fish have been found inside yellowstone national park, where the 100th anniversary celebration is expected to kick off next week.
officials say no closure is planned inside the park.
“at this time, the nps [national park service] is not considering expanding the river closure inside yellowstone national park. crews are actively assessing the yellowstone river and its tributaries inside the park’s northern boundary and have not discovered any dead fish,” the agency said in a statement.
the disease has already struck two isolated montana locations over the past 20 years. recent outbreaks have also occurred in idaho, oregon and washington.
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ðə ˈpæstər əv ə smɔl ˈjuˈɛs ʧərʧ hu plænd tɪ bərn ˈkɑpiz əv ðə kɔˈrɑn ɔn ðə ˌænəˈvərsəri əv həz ˈkænsəld hɪz ˈproʊˌtɛst. ˈtɛri ʤoʊnz sɛd hi wɑz ˈkɔlɪŋ ɔf ðə ɪˈvɛnt ˈæftər ðə grup bɪˈhaɪnd ə plænd ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈsɛntər nɪr graʊnd ˈziroʊ ɪn nu jɔrk əˈgrid tɪ ˌriˈloʊkeɪt ɪt. bət ðə ˈkəlʧərəl sɛd ðeɪ hæd noʊ plænz tɪ muv ɪt. ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz' plæn hæd bɪn ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑli kənˈdɛmd ənd hæd ɔˈrɛdi spɑrkt ˈmɛni ˈproʊˌtɛsts əraʊnd ðə wərld. ˈjuˈɛs dɪˈfɛns ˈsɛkrəˌtɛri ˈrɑbərt geɪts hæd ˈtɛləˌfoʊnd ɪm tɪ ərʤ ɪm tɪ ˌrikənˈsɪdər hɪz plænz. ðə ˈpæstər hæd ˈɔlsoʊ bɪn ˈvɪzɪtɪd ˈsɛvərəl taɪmz baɪ ðə ˈɛfˈbiˈaɪ. ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz, ˈpæstər əv ðə dəv wərld ˈaʊˌtriʧ ˈsɛnər ɪn ˈgeɪnzˌvɪl, ˈflɔrɪdə, wɪʧ həz fjuər ðən 50 ˈmɛmbərz, hæd neɪmd ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ "ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl bərn ə kɔˈrɑn deɪ". bət æt ə nuz ˈkɑnfərəns, hi sɛd hi wɑz naʊ ˈdrɑpɪŋ ðə plænz ənd ərʤd hɪz səˈpɔrtərz tɪ du ðə seɪm. "wi wʊd raɪt naʊ æsk noʊ wən tɪ bərn korans*. wi ər ˌæbsəˈlutli strɔŋ ɔn ðət. ɪt ɪz nɑt ðə taɪm tɪ du ɪt," hi sɛd. hi sɛd hi wʊd ˈtrævəl tɪ nu jɔrk ɔn ˈsæˌtɪˌdeɪ tɪ mit ðoʊz bɪˈhaɪnd ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈsɛntər, seɪɪŋ ðeɪ hæd "əˈgrid tɪ muv ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən". "ðə əˈmɛrɪkən ˈpipəl du nɑt wɔnt ðə mɔsk ðɛr, ənd, əv kɔrs, ˈməzlɪmz du nɑt wɔnt ˈjuˈɛs tɪ bərn ðə kɔˈrɑn," hi sɛd. "ɪf ɪts nɑt muvd, ðɛn aɪ θɪŋk ˌɪsˈlɑm ɪz ə ˈvɛri pur ɪgˈzæmpəl əv rɪˈlɪʤən. aɪ θɪŋk ðət wʊd bi ˈvɛri ˈpɪtəfəl. aɪ du nɑt ɪkˈspɛkt ðət." 'noʊ əˈgrimənt' ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz wɑz ʤɔɪnd æt hɪz nuz ˈkɑnfərəns baɪ mʊˈhɑməd frəm ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk faʊnˈdeɪʃən əv ˈsɛntrəl ˈflɔrɪdə. ˈmɪstər sɛd hi ənd ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz hæd kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ ˈtrævəlɪŋ tɪ nu jɔrk "tɪ kəm tɪ ə dɪˈsɪʒən ɔn ˈmuvɪŋ ðə mɔsk". "wi ər kəˈmɪtɪd tɪ dɪˈzɔlvɪŋ ðə ˌsɪʧuˈeɪʃən hir ənd ðɛr," hi sɛd. hi ˈɔlsoʊ θæŋkt ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz fər hɪz "kərɪʤ ənd hɪz ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tɪ teɪk ðiz ˈsɪriəs ɪˈvɛnts ðət ər ənˈfoʊldɪŋ". bət ðə əv ðə nu jɔrk ˈsɛntər sɛd noʊ əˈgrimənt hæd bɪn riʧt wɪθ ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz. ˈlidər əv ðə nu jɔrk ˈprɑʤɛkt, ˈaɪmæm æbˈdul ˈɪʃud ə ˈsteɪtmənt seɪɪŋ hi ˈwɛlkəmd ðə ˌkænsəˈleɪʃən əv ðə kɔˈrɑn ˈbərnɪŋ. "ˌhaʊˈɛvər, aɪ hæv nɑt ˈspoʊkən tɪ ˈpæstər ʤoʊnz ər ˈaɪmæm," hi ˈædɪd. "wi ər nɑt goʊɪŋ tɪ tɔɪ wɪθ ɑr rɪˈlɪʤən ər ˈɛni ˈəðər. nɔr ər wi goʊɪŋ tɪ ˈbɑrtər. wi ər hir tɪ ɪkˈstɛnd ɑr hænz tɪ bɪld pis ənd ˈhɑrməni." ˈmɪstər ˈklɛrəˌfaɪd tɪ rɪˈpɔrtərz ðət noʊ ˌgɛrənˈtiz əˈbaʊt ˈmuvɪŋ ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈsɛntər hæd bɪn ˈgɪvɪn. hi ənd ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz hæd ˈoʊnli əˈgrid tɪ flaɪ tɪ nu jɔrk tɪ dɪˈskəs ðə loʊˈkeɪʃən əv ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈsɛntər wɪθ ˈaɪmæm æbˈdul. plænz fər ðə ˌɪzˈlɑmɪk ˈsɛntər hæv ˈprɑmptɪd fɪrs dəˈbeɪt ɪn ðə ˈjuˈɛs bɪˈkəz əv ɪts prɑkˈsɪməti tɪ ðə sin əv ðə ˈtɛrər əˈtæks. ˈprɛzɪdənt ˈbɑrək ˌoʊˈbɑmə hæd ˈərliər wɔrnd ˈmɪstər ʤoʊnz ðə prəˈpoʊzd ˈbərnɪŋ wʊd bi "ə rɪˈkrutmənt bəˈnænzə" fər ˌɑlˈkaɪdɑ. ðə ˈjuˈɛs steɪt dɪˈpɑrtmənt hæd wɔrnd ˈjuˈɛs ˈsɪtɪzənz əv ən ˌɪnˈkrist rɪsk əv əˈtæk, waɪl ˌɪnərˈnæʃənɑl pəˈlis ˌɔrgənɪˈzeɪʃən ˈɪntərˌpoʊl ˈɔlsoʊ ˈɪʃud ə ˈwɔrnɪŋ əv ðə rɪsk əv ˈvaɪələnt rɪˈspɑns.
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the pastor of a small us church who planned to burn copies of the koran on the anniversary of 9/11 has cancelled his protest.
terry jones said he was calling off the event after the group behind a planned islamic centre near ground zero in new york agreed to relocate it.
but the cultural centre's organisers said they had no plans to move it.
mr jones' plan had been internationally condemned and had already sparked many protests around the world.
us defence secretary robert gates had telephoned him to urge him to reconsider his plans. the pastor had also been visited several times by the fbi.
mr jones, pastor of the dove world outreach center in gainesville, florida, which has fewer than 50 members, had named saturday "international burn a koran day".
but at a news conference, he said he was now dropping the plans and urged his supporters to do the same.
"we would right now ask no one to burn korans. we are absolutely strong on that. it is not the time to do it," he said.
he said he would travel to new york on saturday to meet those behind the islamic centre, saying they had "agreed to move the location".
"the american people do not want the mosque there, and, of course, muslims do not want us to burn the koran," he said.
"if it's not moved, then i think islam is a very poor example of religion. i think that would be very pitiful. i do not expect that."
'no agreement'
mr jones was joined at his news conference by muhammad musri from the islamic foundation of central florida.
mr musri said he and mr jones had committed to travelling to new york "to come to a decision on moving the mosque".
"we are committed to dissolving the situation here and there," he said.
he also thanked mr jones for his "courage and his willingness to take these serious events that are unfolding".
but the organisers of the new york centre said no agreement had been reached with mr jones.
leader of the new york project, imam feisal abdul rauf issued a statement saying he welcomed the cancellation of the koran burning.
"however, i have not spoken to pastor jones or imam musri," he added.
"we are not going to toy with our religion or any other. nor are we going to barter. we are here to extend our hands to build peace and harmony."
mr musri clarified to reporters that no guarantees about moving the islamic centre had been given.
he and mr jones had only agreed to fly to new york to discuss the location of the islamic centre with imam feisal abdul rauf.
plans for the islamic centre have prompted fierce debate in the us because of its proximity to the scene of the 9/11 terror attacks.
president barack obama had earlier warned mr jones the proposed burning would be "a recruitment bonanza" for al-qaeda.
the us state department had warned us citizens of an increased risk of attack, while international police organisation interpol also issued a warning of the risk of violent response.
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əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl: si əˈbəv. ˈdɛpjəti əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl: ðə ˈdɛpjəti əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl əˈsɪsts ɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ənd ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ɑr ˈsɪvəl raɪts, nɑnˌdɪskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən ənd dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz lɔz. ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ wərks ˈkloʊsli wɪθ ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˈpɑrdən əˈtərni tɪ meɪk ˌrɛkəmənˈdeɪʃənz tɪ ðə waɪt haʊs ˈkaʊnsəl. ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl: ðə ˈɔfəs əv ðə ˌɪnˈspɛktər ˈʤɛnərəl ˌdɪˈsaɪdz wɪn tɪ ˌɪnˈvɛstəˌgeɪt frɔd, əˈbjuz, ənd mɪsˈmænɪʤmənt wɪˈθɪn ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ənd pleɪz ə ki ˈoʊvərˌsaɪt roʊl wɪˈθɪn ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv brænʧ. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈɔfəs əv ˈligəl ˈpɑləsi: ðə əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl fər ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈligəl ˈpɑləsi koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪts ɔl dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ˌrɛgjəˈleɪʃənz ənd ðə ʤuˈdɪʃəl ˌnɑməˈneɪʃənz ˈprɔˌsɛs fər ðə waɪt haʊs. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈɔfəs əv ˈligəl ˈkaʊnsəl: ðə əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl fər ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈligəl ˈkaʊnsəl prəˈvaɪdz ˈligəl ədˈvaɪs ðət baɪndz ðə ɪgˈzɛkjətɪv brænʧ, ˌɪnˈkludɪŋ ɔn ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪʃuz. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti dɪˈvɪʒən: ðə əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl əv ðə ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti dɪˈvɪʒən sərvz ɛz ə brɪʤ bɪtˈwin lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ənd ðə ˌɪnˈtɛləʤəns kəmˈjunɪti. ðɪs pəˈzɪʃən wɪl pleɪ ə roʊl ɪn ˈpɑləsi dɪˈvɛləpmənt ɔn ˈnæʃənəl sɪˈkjʊrəti ˈɪʃuz. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈsɪvəl raɪts dɪˈvɪʒən: ðə əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl fər ðə ˈsɪvəl raɪts dɪˈvɪʒən pleɪz ə ki roʊl ɪn ˈɪmpləˌmɛnɪŋ ənd ɛnˈfɔrsɪŋ ɑr ˈfɛdərəl ˈvoʊtɪŋ raɪts, ˈsɪvəl raɪts, nɑnˌdɪskrɪmɪˈneɪʃən, ənd dɪsəˈbɪlɪtiz lɔz. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈɔfəs əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈproʊˌgræmz: ðə əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl fər ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈproʊˌgræmz prəˈvaɪdz ˈfəndɪŋ ənd ˈrisɔrsɪz tɪ lɔ ɛnˈfɔrsmənt əˈkrɔs ðə juˈnaɪtɪd steɪts. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈkrɪmənəl dɪˈvɪʒən: əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl əv ðə ˈkrɪmənəl dɪˈvɪʒən wərks wɪθ ðə juz. əˈtərniz tɪ ɛnˈfɔrs ˈfɛdərəl ˈkrɪmənəl lɔz ənd hɛlps dɪˈvɛləp ˈfɛdərəl ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈpɑləsi. əˈsɪstənt ˈeɪˈgi, ˈɔfəs əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈfɛrz: əˈsɪstənt əˈtərni ˈʤɛnərəl fər ðə ˈɔfəs əv ˈlɛʤəsˌleɪtɪv əˈfɛrz wərks wɪθ ˈəðər dɪˈpɑrtmənt əv ˈʤəstɪs ˈeɪʤənsiz ənd dɪˈvɪʒənz tɪ dɪˈtərmən wət pəˈzɪʃənz ðə dɪˈpɑrtmənt wɪl teɪk ɔn ˈfɛdərəl ˌlɛʤəsˈleɪʃən. ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər, drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsi: ðə drəg ɛnˈfɔrsmənt ˈeɪʤənsi ədˈmɪnɪˌstreɪtər ɛnˈfɔrsɪz ɑr drəg lɔz ənd ˌɪmˈpækts ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈɪʃuz. dɪˈrɛktər, ˈɔfəs əv ˈnæʃənəl drəg kənˈtroʊl ˈpɑləsi: ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ˈɔfəs əv ˈnæʃənəl drəg kənˈtroʊl ˈpɑləsi ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər əˈlaɪnɪŋ ðə ˈkrɪmənəl ˈʤəstɪs ˈpɑləsiz ənd ˈpəblɪk hɛlθ ˈsɪstəmz. dɪˈrɛktər, kəmˈjunɪti riˈleɪʃənz ˈsərvɪs: ðə kəmˈjunɪti riˈleɪʃənz ˈsərvɪsɪz dɪˈrɛktər ɪz ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈmidiˌeɪtɪŋ ˈkɑnflɪkt əˈməŋ kəmˈjunɪti ˈsteɪˌkhoʊldərz ɔn ˈsɪvəl raɪts ˈɪʃuz. dɪˈrɛktər, juz. ˈmɑrʃəlz ˈsərvɪs: ðə juz. ˈmɑrʃəlz ˈsərvɪs həz ˈkəstədi əv səm ˈpipəl hu ər ʧɑrʤd wɪθ ˈfɛdərəl kraɪmz ˌbiˈfɔr tɪ ðeɪ ər kənˈvɪktəd ənd ɪz riˈspɑnsəbəl fər trænˈspɔrtɪŋ ðɛm tɪ ənd frəm kɔrt. dɪˈrɛktər, ˈɔfəs ɔn ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən: ðə dɪˈrɛktər əv ðə ˈɔfəs ɔn ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən prəˈvaɪdz ˈfɛdərəl ˈlidərˌʃɪp ɪn dɪˈvɛləpɪŋ ɑr ˈnæʃənəl kəˈpæsɪti tɪ rɪˈdus ˈvaɪələns əˈgɛnst ˈwɪmən ənd ədˈmɪnɪstər ˈʤəstɪs fər ənd ˈstrɛŋθən ˈsərvɪsɪz tɪ ˈvɪktɪmz əv dəˈmɛstɪk ˈvaɪələns, ˈdeɪtɪŋ ˈvaɪələns, ˈsɛkʃuəl əˈsɔlt, ənd ˈstɔkɪŋ.
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attorney general: see above.
deputy attorney general: the deputy attorney general assists in implementing and enforcing our nation’s civil rights, non-discrimination and disabilities laws. this position also works closely with the office of the pardon attorney to make recommendations to the white house counsel.
inspector general: the office of the inspector general decides when to investigate fraud, abuse, and mismanagement within the department of justice and plays a key oversight role within the executive branch.
assistant ag, office of legal policy: the assistant attorney general for the office of legal policy coordinates all department of justice regulations and the judicial nominations process for the white house.
assistant ag, office of legal counsel: the assistant attorney general for the office of legal counsel provides legal advice that binds the executive branch, including on national security issues.
assistant ag, national security division: the assistant attorney general of the national security division serves as a bridge between law enforcement and the intelligence community. this position will play a role in policy development on national security issues.
assistant ag, civil rights division: the assistant attorney general for the civil rights division plays a key role in implementing and enforcing our nation’s federal voting rights, civil rights, non-discrimination, and disabilities laws.
assistant ag, office of justice programs: the assistant attorney general for the office of justice programs provides funding and resources to law enforcement across the united states.
assistant ag, criminal division: assistant attorney general of the criminal division works with the u.s. attorneys to enforce federal criminal laws and helps develop federal criminal justice policy.
assistant ag, office of legislative affairs: assistant attorney general for the office of legislative affairs works with other department of justice agencies and divisions to determine what positions the department will take on federal legislation.
administrator, drug enforcement agency: the drug enforcement agency administrator enforces our nation’s drug laws and impacts criminal justice issues.
director, office of national drug control policy: the director of office of national drug control policy is responsible for aligning the country’s criminal justice policies and public health systems.
director, community relations service: the community relations services director is charged with mediating conflict among community stakeholders on civil rights issues.
director, u.s. marshals service: the u.s. marshals service has custody of some people who are charged with federal crimes before to they are convicted and is responsible for transporting them to and from court.
director, office on violence against women: the director of the office on violence against women provides federal leadership in developing our national capacity to reduce violence against women and administer justice for and strengthen services to victims of domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, and stalking.
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ˈdʊrɪŋ ˈistər 2016 maɪ ˈfæməli ənd aɪ wɛnt tɪ ˈvɪzɪt maɪ ˈbrəðər hu wɑz ˈstədiɪŋ ɪn ˈʧaɪnə. wi steɪd 3 naɪts ɪn ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ, 3 naɪts ɪn aʊərz saʊθ əv ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ wɛr ðə ˈnɑtɪŋˌhæm ˌjunəˈvərsəti ˈkæmpəs ɪz) ənd ðɛn ə ˈfərðər 3 naɪts bæk ɪn ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt ɪn taɪm, aɪ hæd 2 ˈmoʊbəl foʊnz ən ˈaɪˌfoʊn 6 ənd ə ˈblækˌbɛri ˈpæˌspɔrt, bət maɪ ˈblækˌbɛri wɑz ˈstoʊlən ɔn ðə θərd naɪt ɪn, wɪʧ meɪd ˈɛvriˌθɪŋ mɔr ˈdɪfəkəlt siɪŋ ɛz aɪ ˈoʊnli hæd ˈɪntərˌnɛt ˈækˌsɛs ɔn maɪ ˈblækˌbɛri. ɔn ðə ˈfɑloʊɪŋ naɪt wi ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd tɪ goʊ fər ə naɪt aʊt ɪn ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ tɪ ən ɪkˈsklusɪv kləb kɔld ˈɛmˈtu ɪn ðɪs staɪl əv ˈtʊrɪst ˈnaɪtˌkləb, ðɛr ɪz ə ˈvɛri dɪˈstɪŋkt leɪaʊt. ðə ˈkloʊsəst pɑrt əv ðə dæns flɔr tɪ ðə ɪz fɪld wɪθ ˈfɔrənərz, ˈjuʒəwəli ˌjʊrəˈpiənz (rɛd krɔs). ðə kləb prəˈvaɪdz fri drɪŋks fər ðɪs grup wɪθ spɪˈsɪfɪk prəˈmoʊtərz ðɛr tɪ hoʊst. ðeɪ ʤɪst hænd ju ðə ˈbɑtəl ənd ju kən pɔr ðɛm ˈjɔrsɛlf. ðə moʊst ɪkˈspɛnsɪv ˈɛriə fər ðə ʧaɪˈniz ðət ðeɪ kən peɪ fər ɪz əˈʤeɪsənt tɪ ðə dæns flɔr buθs (waɪt krɔs). ˈmɪnəməm spɛnd ɪz ənd ˈɔfən ˈɛkˌsɛs əv ɪz spɛnt. ɪt wɑz əˈbaʊt 1.30am*, aɪ wɑz ˈdænsɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl (grin krɔs) wɪθ maɪ ˈbrəðər ənd hɪz frɛnd ənd ˈsədənli aʊt əv ˈnoʊˌwɛr 2 lɑrʤ sɪˈkjʊrəti gɑrdz əˈpɪrd nɛkst tɪ mi ənd pʊt ðɛr hænz ɔn maɪ ˈʃoʊldərz. ðeɪ stɑrt ˈteɪkɪŋ mi təˈwɔrdz ðə ˈɛksət, maɪ ˈbrəðər ɪz ˈfɑloʊɪŋ kənˈsərnd wɪθ wət ɪz goʊɪŋ ɔn ənd ðɛn wɪn wi ər ˈnɪrɪŋ ðə ˈɛksət ðeɪ ˈsədənli stɑp ˈaʊtˈsaɪd wən əv ðə ˌviˌaɪˈpi buθs ənd pʊt mi ˌɪnˈsaɪd (waɪt krɔs). aɪ æm ðɛn ˈpɔɪntɪd təˈwɔrdz ə mɑŋˈgoʊljən ˈbɪznɪsˌwʊmən neɪmd huɪ (prəˈnaʊnst ‘‘way’*’), ənd ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət aɪ hæd bɪn səˈlɛktɪd frəm ðə dæns flɔr baɪ hər. ɪn ðə buθ ðɛr ər əraʊnd 8 ˈpipəl, ɔl wɛl tɪ du ˈdisənt ˈlʊkɪŋ ʧaɪˈniz ˈpipəl ˈkəvərd ɪn dɪˈzaɪnər kloʊðz ənd jewellery*. ˈmoʊmənts ˈleɪtər 3 ˈbɑtəlz əv ˈhɛnəsi ənd ˈfɪŋgər fud ðət huɪ ˈɔrdərd əraɪvz ˈbɛrɪŋ ɪn maɪnd ðiz ˈbɑtəlz kɔst əraʊnd iʧ ənd ðɛr wər ɔˈrɛdi æt list 12 ˈɛmti wənz ɔn ðə ˈteɪbəl. huɪ oʊnz ˈməltəpəl ˈprɑpərtiz əraʊnd ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈɔlsoʊ ɪz ðə ˈsiˌiˈoʊ əv ə lɑrʤ ˈbɪznɪs. hər ˈbrəðər ðɛn ˌɪnˈstrəkts mi ðət tɪ kip hər əˈtɛnʃən aɪ məst ‘‘play’*’ wɪθ hər. ðɪs kənˈsɪsts əv ˈæktɪŋ sˈlaɪtli ˈʧaɪldɪʃ, ˈspɪnɪŋ ɪn ə ˈsərkəl, ˈlɪftɪŋ hər əp, pleɪɪŋ peekaboo*. ˈleɪtər, huɪ sɪz ʃi wʊd laɪk tɪ kəm bæk tɪ maɪ hoʊˈtɛl. wi ɔl goʊ ˈaʊtˈsaɪd ɛz ə grup tɪ gɪt ˈtæksiz ənd hɛd tɪ ðə ˈmæʤəsti ˈplɑzə ɪn ˈʃæŋˈhaɪ, ə draɪv əˈweɪ wɛr wi wər steɪɪŋ. wi gɪt bæk tɪ ðə hoʊˈtɛl, hər ˈbrəðər teɪks hər bægz ənd gɪvz hər ə paɪl əv kæʃ wɪθ hər 2 foʊnz ənd 2 foʊn ˈʧɑrʤərz. wi goʊ bæk əp tɪ ðə hoʊˈtɛl rum ðət ˈʃɛrɪŋ wɪθ maɪ ˈbrəðər. æt ðɪs pɔɪnt aɪ ˈriəˌlaɪz ðət aɪ lɛft maɪ ˈaɪˌfoʊn ɪn ðə kæb. aɪ naʊ hæv noʊ foʊn ˌwətsoʊˈɛvər. ˈæftər ˈspɛndɪŋ ðə naɪt təˈgɛðər wi əˈgri tɪ mit əˈgɛn təˈmɑˌroʊ æt 11pm*. ðə nɛkst naɪt, huɪ ɪz ˈweɪtɪŋ ðɛr wɪθ hər ˈdraɪvər ənd ˈbɑdiˌgɑrd. ˈbɛrɪŋ ɪn maɪnd ðət aɪ du nɑt hæv ə foʊn ənd aɪ æm ɪn ə ˈsɪti aɪ æm nɑt fəˈmɪljər wɪθ, ðeɪ kʊd bi ˈteɪkɪŋ mi ˈɛniˌwɛr. aɪ gɪt ɪn ðə kɑr. ˈæftər ˈdraɪvɪŋ fər tˈwɛnti ˈmɪnəts wi ɛnd əp æt ə blɑk əv ˈləgʒəri əˈpɑrtmənts wɛr huɪ oʊnz 5 ˈprɑpərtiz ənd ðɛn wi hɛd streɪt fər əˈnəðər kləb, wɛr wi gɪt kju ʤəmp ənd ər ʤɔɪnd baɪ səm əv frɛndz. ˈæftər ˈɔrdərɪŋ mɔr ʃæmˈpeɪn æt ə ˈbɑtəl, wi sɪt ənd ʧæt fər ðə məˈʤɔrəti əv ɑr taɪm ðɛr, ɛz ɪt ɪz nɑt pɑrt əv ðə ʧaɪˈniz ˈkləbɪŋ ˈkəlʧər tɪ dæns. huɪ tɛlz mi ʃi ɪz oʊld fər ʧaɪˈniz ˈkəlʧər tɪ bi ənˈmɛrid ənd tɪ nɑt hæv hæd ˈʧɪldrən jɛt, ənd ðɛn æsks mi tɪ prəˈvaɪd hər wɪθ ə ˈfæməli, wɪʧ ʃi sɛd ʃi wʊd bi ˈeɪbəl tɪ reɪz baɪ hərˈsɛlf ɪn ˈaʊtər mɑŋˈgoʊljə. ʃi ˈɔlsoʊ æsks mi tɪ muv tɪ ˈʧaɪnə ənd ˈmɛri hər ənd ˈɔlsoʊ sɪz ʃi ɪz ˈwɪlɪŋ tɪ weɪt ðə 2 jɪrz ənˈtɪl aɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt. aɪ kʊd bi rɪˈtaɪrd raɪt naʊ, ˈtʊrɪŋ ˈʧaɪnə, ˈlɪvɪŋ ðə haɪ laɪf wɪθ ɔl ɪkˈspɛnsɪz peɪd. wi teɪk ə ˈtæksi bæk tɪ ðə ˈmæʤəsti ˈplɑzə wɛr wi naʊ hæv ðə hoʊˈtɛl rum tɪ ɑrˈsɛlvz ənd huɪ ənd aɪ riˈtrit tɪ maɪ rum tɪ spɛnd ðə naɪt təˈgɛðər. wi hæv ˈkɔfi ənd ðɛn aɪ si huɪ ɔf æt ðə frənt əv ðə hoʊˈtɛl wɛr hər ˈdraɪvər kəmz ənd kəˈlɛkts hər. aɪ hænd hər ə pis əv ˈpeɪpər wɪθ maɪ neɪm, ˈiˌmeɪl ˈæˌdrɛs ənd ˈmoʊbəl ˈnəmbər. wəns rɪˈtərnɪŋ tɪ ˈnuˌkæsəl ənd ˈgɪtɪŋ ə nu foʊn aɪ hæd ə bɪt əv kəmˌjunəˈkeɪʃən baɪ iˈmeɪl fər ə fju wiks -wɛr ʃi æst mi əˈgɛn tɪ ˈmɛri hər, ənd ˈæskɪŋ ɪf ʃi wɔnts hər tɪ fər me”*” tɪ ˈgræʤəˌweɪt, bət ˈæftər ə waɪl wi lɔst təʧ. ɪn ə ˈpɛrəˌlɛl ˈjunəˌvərs, naʊ rɪˈtaɪrd wɪθ huɪ ˈsɪpɪŋ ˈwɪski æt ðə tɔp əv ə skyscraper…*….
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during easter 2016 my family and i went to visit my brother – who was studying in china. we stayed 3 nights in shanghai, 3 nights in ningbo (2.5 hours south of shanghai where the nottingham university campus is) and then a further 3 nights back in shanghai.
at this point in time, i had 2 mobile phones – an iphone 6 and a blackberry passport, but my blackberry was stolen on the third night in ningbo, which made everything more difficult seeing as i only had internet access on my blackberry.
on the following night we decided to go for a night out in shanghai to an exclusive club called m2. in this style of tourist nightclub, there is a very distinct layout.
the closest part of the dance floor to the dj is filled with foreigners, usually europeans (red cross). the club provides free drinks for this group with specific promoters there to host. they just hand you the bottle and you can pour them yourself. the most expensive area for the chinese that they can pay for is adjacent to the dance floor booths (white cross). minimum spend is £500 and often excess of £10,000 is spent.
it was about 1.30am, i was dancing in the middle (green cross) with my brother and his friend and suddenly out of nowhere 2 large security guards appeared next to me and put their hands on my shoulders. they start taking me towards the exit, my brother is following – concerned with what is going on and then when we are nearing the exit they suddenly stop outside one of the vip booths and put me inside (white cross).
i am then pointed towards a 28-year mongolian businesswoman named hui (pronounced ‘way’), and realise that i had been selected from the dance floor by her.
in the booth there are around 8 people, all well to do decent looking well-to-do chinese people covered in designer clothes and jewellery. moments later 3 bottles of hennessy and finger food that hui ordered arrives – bearing in mind these bottles cost around £200 each and there were already at least 12 empty ones on the table. hui owns multiple properties around china and also is the ceo of a large cosmetics/make-up business.
her brother then instructs me that to keep her attention i must ‘play’ with her. this consists of acting slightly childish, spinning in a circle, lifting her up, playing peekaboo. later, hui says she would like to come back to my hotel. we all go outside as a group to get taxis and head to the majesty plaza in shanghai, a 15-minute drive away where we were staying.
we get back to the hotel, her brother takes her bags and gives her a pile of cash with her 2 phones and 2 phone chargers. we go back up to the hotel room that i’m sharing with my brother.
at this point i realise that i left my iphone in the cab. i now have no phone whatsoever. after spending the night together we agree to meet again tomorrow at 11pm.
the next night, hui is waiting there with her driver and bodyguard. bearing in mind that i do not have a phone and i am in a city i am not familiar with, they could be taking me anywhere. i get in the car.
after driving for twenty minutes we end up at a block of luxury apartments where hui owns 5 properties – and then we head straight for another club, where we get queue jump and are joined by some of hui’s friends.
after ordering more champagne at £150 a bottle, we sit and chat for the majority of our time there, as it is not part of the chinese clubbing culture to dance.
hui tells me she is old for chinese culture to be unmarried and to not have had children yet, and then asks me to provide her with a family, which she said she would be able to raise by herself in outer mongolia. she also asks me to move to china and marry her and also says she is willing to wait the 2 years until i graduate. i could be retired right now, touring china, living the high life with all expenses paid.
we take a taxi back to the majesty plaza where we now have the hotel room to ourselves and hui and i retreat to my room to spend the night together.
we have coffee and then i see hui off at the front of the hotel where her driver comes and collects her. i hand her a piece of paper with my name, e-mail address and mobile number.
once returning to newcastle and getting a new phone i had a bit of communication by email for a few weeks -where she asked me again to marry her, and asking if she wants her to “wait for me” to graduate, but after a while we lost touch.
in a parallel universe, i’m now retired with hui – sipping whiskey at the top of a skyscraper….
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ˈkælvɪn ˈændru həz skɔrd θri lig goʊlz fər ðɪs ˈsizən ˈstraɪkər ˈkælvɪn ˈændru həz bɪn ˈgɪvɪn ə bæn wən əv ðə ˈlɔŋgɪst ɪn ˈɪŋlɪʃ ˈfʊtˌbɔl ˈhɪstəri fər ˈɛlˌboʊɪŋ ˈoʊldəmz ˈpitər klɑrk. hɪz bæn ɪz ˈlɔŋgər ðən ðə səˈspɛnʃənz ˈhændɪd tɪ luis swɑˈrɛz fər ˈbaɪtɪŋ ənd dɪˈfɛndər kərk fər mɪˈskɑndəkt. ˈændru, 29 wɑz nɑt ˈpənɪʃt ɔn ðə fild, bət wɑz ˈleɪtər ˈsaɪtɪd ˈæftər ə ˈfʊtˌbɔl əˌsoʊʃiˈeɪʃən ˈvɪdioʊ ˌrivˈju. wən ˈsætərdiz lig wən ˈdərbi mæʧ æt spotland*. ðə ˈjuʒəwəl ˈtɛrəf fər ˈvaɪələnt ˈkɑndəkt ɪz θri geɪmz, bət ðət ˈsæŋkʃən wɑz dimd ˌɪnsəˈfɪʃənt baɪ ən ˌɪndɪˈpɛndənt ˈdɪsəpləˌnɛri ˈpænəl ɔn ˈfraɪˌdeɪ. deɪl wɪl bi wɪˈθaʊt ðə ˈfɔrmər ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs ˈstraɪkər, hu ədˈmɪtəd tɪ hɪz ˈvaɪələnt ˈkɑndəkt ʧɑrʤ, ənˈtɪl ˈʤænjuˌɛri. ˈfɔrmər ˈmænˌʧɛstər juˈnaɪtɪd ənd fræns ˈfɔrwərd ˈɛrɪk wɑz bænd fər naɪn mənθs fər ə 'kung-fu*' staɪl kɪk ɔn ə ˈkrɪstəl ˈpæləs fæn ɪn 1995 ˈgoʊlˌkipər mɑrk wɑz ˈgɪvɪn ə səˈspɛnʃən əv ðə seɪm lɛŋθ ˈæftər ˈtɛstɪŋ ˈpɑzətɪv fər koʊˈkeɪn ɪn 2003
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calvin andrew has scored three league goals for rochdale this season
rochdale striker calvin andrew has been given a 12-game ban - one of the longest in english football history - for elbowing oldham's peter clarke.
his ban is longer than the 10-game suspensions handed to luis suarez for biting and rotherham defender kirk broadfoot for misconduct.
andrew, 29, was not punished on the field, but was later cited after a football association video review.
rochdale won saturday's league one derby match 1-0 at spotland.
the usual tariff for violent conduct is three games, but that sanction was deemed insufficient by an independent disciplinary panel on friday.
dale will be without the former crystal palace striker, who admitted to his violent conduct charge, until january.
former manchester united and france forward eric cantona was banned for nine months for a 'kung-fu' style kick on a crystal palace fan in 1995.
ex-chelsea goalkeeper mark bosnich was given a suspension of the same length after testing positive for cocaine in 2003.
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it’s* ənˈjuˌʒuəl tɪ si one-or-two-story*, ˈfriˌstændɪŋ ˈhaʊsɪz ɪn mænˈhætən, bət ðɛr ər ə pɛr əv sərˈvaɪvɪŋ wənz ɔn ist strit ʤɪst ist əv ˈævəˌnu. ˈbɪldɪŋz ˈkləstər ˈnɪrˈbaɪ, ðə brɪʤ wɛnt əp ɪn 1909 ə blɑk əˈweɪ, ənd ən ˌɔtəmoʊˈbil əˈproʊʧ ræmp wɑz bɪlt ɪn 1930 ən əˈpɑrtmənt ˈbɪldɪŋ əˈweɪ tɪ ðə ist, bət hir ðeɪ stɪl ər, prəˈtɛktɪd baɪ ðə ˈlændˌmɑrks ˌprɛzərˈveɪʃən kəˈmɪʃən ɪn 1967 fər 311 ənd 1970 fər 313 ðə pɛr wər bɪlt ɪn ən ˌɪˈtæljəˌneɪt staɪl ɪn ðə leɪt ənd məst hæv bɪn əˈməŋ ðə fərst ˈbɪldɪŋz ɔn ist, ɛz ðə krɔs strit hæd ˈoʊnli ˈrisəntli bɪn leɪd aʊt æt ðət taɪm. boʊθ ər brɪk wɪθ stoʊn trɪm ənd hæv ˈbeɪsmənts; ˈoʊnli 313 həz rɪˈteɪnd ə pɔrʧ. 311 ɪz hoʊm tɪ ænˈtiks stɔr ˈfɪlɪp colleck*, ˈɛlˈtiˈdi., waɪl 313 æt læst ʧɛk wɑz hoʊm tɪ ˈpeɪnər ʤɑn ˈrænsəm ˈfɪlɪps ˈæftər ə stɪnt ɛz ðə ʧɛk pəˈvɪljən ˈrɛˌstrɑnt.
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