Datasets:
community-datasets
/
wiki_snippets

Dataset card Data Studio Files Community
4
_id
stringlengths
77
96
datasets_id
int32
0
1.38M
wiki_id
stringlengths
2
9
start_paragraph
int32
2
1.17k
start_character
int32
0
70.3k
end_paragraph
int32
4
1.18k
end_character
int32
1
70.3k
article_title
stringlengths
1
250
section_title
stringlengths
0
1.12k
passage_text
stringlengths
1
14k
{"datasets_id": 901, "wiki_id": "Q3644932", "sp": 6, "sc": 569, "ep": 10, "ec": 18}
901
Q3644932
6
569
10
18
Bristol Aquila
Design and development & Specifications (Aquila I)
more powerful versions as improvements were worked into the line (as well as similar changes to the Perseus), and by 1936 it had improved to 500 hp (370 kW). This would have made it an excellent replacement for the Bristol Jupiter, which ended production at 590 hp (440 kW) three years earlier, but by this time almost all interest was on ever-larger engines. Specifications (Aquila I) Data from Lumsden.
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 670}
902
Q4969137
2
0
6
670
Bristow Helicopters
History
Bristow Helicopters History Bristow Helicopters Limited was established in June 1955 by Alan Bristow. From 17 February 1965 and onwards, it operated the Westland Wessex 60 ten-seat helicopter in support of North Sea Oil industry off-shore installations. During the late 1960s, Bristow operated a fleet of Hiller UH-12 training helicopters based at AAC Middle Wallop which were used to train flight crews for the UK Army Air Corps. In 1985, it was acquired by British and Commonwealth Holdings plc. In 1996, Bristow Helicopters was purchased by Offshore Logistics, an American offshore helicopter operator which operated as Air Logistics in the U.S. Gulf of
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 6, "sc": 670, "ep": 10, "ec": 129}
902
Q4969137
6
670
10
129
Bristow Helicopters
History & Bristow (formerly Air Logistics)
Mexico and Alaska, and was structured as a reverse takeover. The group now operates and maintains a global fleet of over 400 aircraft. In 2006 Offshore Logistics re-branded itself as 'The Bristow Group'. The Bristow Group expanded their portfolio in April 2007 with the purchase of Helicopter Adventures, a Florida-based flight school, Helicopter Adventures was subsequently renamed Bristow Academy. The deal also provided the Bristow Group with the world's largest civilian fleet of Schweizer aircraft. Bristow (formerly Air Logistics) In January 2010, Bristow announced the retirement of the Air Logistics name and Gulf of Mexico operations would operate under the
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 10, "sc": 129, "ep": 14, "ec": 280}
902
Q4969137
10
129
14
280
Bristow Helicopters
Bristow (formerly Air Logistics) & Eastern Airways and Airnorth
name Bristow. Bristow provides helicopter services, maintenance and other support services to the oil and gas industry. It operates more than 170 single and twin-turbine helicopters in the United States. These receive support, materials and operational assistance from its regional headquarters and primary maintenance facility located at the Acadiana Regional Airport in New Iberia, Louisiana. Eastern Airways and Airnorth Fixed Wing Bristow has controlling interests in Eastern Airways which is a regional airline based in the U.K. operating fixed wing regional jet and turboprop aircraft and Airnorth, also a regional airline, based in Australia operating fixed wing regional jet and turboprop
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 14, "sc": 280, "ep": 18, "ec": 531}
902
Q4969137
14
280
18
531
Bristow Helicopters
Eastern Airways and Airnorth & Military
aircraft. Both Eastern Airways and Airnorth operate scheduled passenger services, shuttle flights for oil and gas industry personnel, and charter services. Military The Search and Rescue Training Unit at RAF Valley is a detachment of the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, from which its aircraft are distinguished by their flotation bags, rescue winches and cable cutters above the cockpit roof. The aircraft are maintained to EASA standards but are military registered allowing them to operate outside civilian flight restrictions. All the Defence Helicopter Flying School Helicopters and Synthetic Training Equipment are owned by FB Heliservices, a consortium of Bristow
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 18, "sc": 531, "ep": 22, "ec": 479}
902
Q4969137
18
531
22
479
Bristow Helicopters
Military & Search and Rescue
Helicopters and FR Aviation, who provide 40% of the instructional staff, all the ground school and simulator staff, carry out all maintenance and provide support services. Search and Rescue Bristow helicopters operated Sikorsky S-61N helicopters on behalf of Her Majesty's Coastguard, the United Kingdom's Coast Guard, until July 2007 after which there was a 12-month transitional period whilst CHC Helicopter took over the contract replacing the S-61N with new helicopters. Bristow operated four dedicated Search and Rescue (SAR) sites in the UK, on behalf of HM Coastguard. The units were located at Portland (EGDP) and Lee-on-Solent (EGHF) on the south coast
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 22, "sc": 479, "ep": 22, "ec": 1161}
902
Q4969137
22
479
22
1,161
Bristow Helicopters
Search and Rescue
of England, at Stornoway (EGPO) in the Outer Hebrides, and at Sumburgh (EGPB) in the Shetland Isles. Northern North Sea services operated from Aberdeen (EGPD), Scatsta (EGPM) and Stavanger (ENZV). Southern North Sea services operate from Norwich (EGSH), Humberside (EGNJ) and Den Helder (EHKD) with its support organisation based at Redhill (EGKR). Bristow S61N's were responsible to carry out SAR tasks, operating from Den Helder Airport on behalf of the oil and gas industry. On 26 March 2013 Bristow was awarded a 10-year contract to operate the search and rescue operations in the United Kingdom, at the time being provided by CHC Helicopter (on
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 22, "sc": 1161, "ep": 26, "ec": 113}
902
Q4969137
22
1,161
26
113
Bristow Helicopters
Search and Rescue & Fleet
behalf of Her Majesty's Coastguard), the Royal Air Force and the Royal Navy. Bristow is currently operating AgustaWestland AW139, AgustaWestland AW189 and Sikorsky S-92 helicopters in support of this contract. The AW139 aircraft are being replaced by the AW189 which was originally specified in the contract however procurement delays lead to the AW139 being introduced instead of the AW189 initially, resulting in AAR AIrlift Group claiming the first civilian registered SAR AW189, based in the Falkland Islands, in support of the UK Government Fleet Bristow operates a large fleet of over 450 helicopters and aircraft, which includes unconsolidated affiliates and
{"datasets_id": 902, "wiki_id": "Q4969137", "sp": 26, "sc": 113, "ep": 26, "ec": 329}
902
Q4969137
26
113
26
329
Bristow Helicopters
Fleet
joint venture partners. Bristow intends to reduce fleet variety from 24 helicopter types to six. For subsidiaries Eastern Airways and Airnorth fixed wing jet and turboprop aircraft, see Eastern Airways and Airnorth.
{"datasets_id": 903, "wiki_id": "Q4971279", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 230}
903
Q4971279
2
0
10
230
British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Conservation & Education
British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums Conservation BIAZA members support over 700 field conservation projects contributing over £11 million per year. Members supply skills, staff and equipment for wildlife conservation, and essential materials for education and awareness programmes in developing countries. They also play an important role in conservation awareness-raising in the UK, support conservation campaigns and facilitate career development of young conservationists. Education More than 25 million people visit BIAZA collections every year including 1.3 million children on organised education trips. BIAZA encourages its members to develop an effective education system aiming to conserve the natural world
{"datasets_id": 903, "wiki_id": "Q4971279", "sp": 10, "sc": 230, "ep": 18, "ec": 26}
903
Q4971279
10
230
18
26
British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Education & Research & Awards
in a number of ways by motivating people to change their habits, inspiring people to get involved with conservation and encouraging people to donate to particular conservation programmes. Research Research in BIAZA zoos and aquariums aims to gather knowledge that benefits the conservation of threatened species. BIAZA collections assist over 800 research projects to raise awareness and increase knowledge about wildlife and global issues. A significant number of zoo animals housed within the UK are part of European breeding programmes (EEPs) which aim to preserve threatened species for the future by pairing compatible individuals. Awards An annual event is held at
{"datasets_id": 903, "wiki_id": "Q4971279", "sp": 18, "sc": 26, "ep": 18, "ec": 374}
903
Q4971279
18
26
18
374
British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Awards
which awards are given out for a variety of achievements, known as the "Zoo Oscars". Awards categories include: Animal Breeding, Care and Welfare; Conservation; Education; Exhibits; Horticulture; PR, Marketing, Digital and Events; Research; Sustainability. There are also awards for individuals and collections that make outstanding contributions.
{"datasets_id": 904, "wiki_id": "Q6393", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 629}
904
Q6393
2
0
6
629
Brive-la-Gaillarde
History
Brive-la-Gaillarde History Even though the inhabitants settled around the 1st century, the city only started to grow much later. From around the 5th century onwards, the original city began to develop around a church dedicated to Saint-Martin-l'Espagnol. During the 12th century walls were built around the city and during the Hundred Years' War a second wall was built. These fortifications no longer exist and have been replaced by boulevards. The commune was named "Brive" until 1919, when it was renamed "Brive-la-Gaillarde". The word "Gaillarde" (still used in current French) probably stands for bravery or strength in the city's name, but it
{"datasets_id": 904, "wiki_id": "Q6393", "sp": 6, "sc": 629, "ep": 6, "ec": 1316}
904
Q6393
6
629
6
1,316
Brive-la-Gaillarde
History
can also refer to the city's walls. Brive now extends outside of its original boundaries into Malemort and Ussac. During World War II, Brive-la-Gaillarde was a regional capital of the Resistance, acting as a seat of several clandestine information networks and several of the principal resistance movements, including the Armée secrète (or “Secret Army”) and the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance (or "United Movements of the Resistance"). Brive-la-Gaillarde was the first city of Occupied France to liberate itself by its own means, on 15 August 1944. For this, the city received the “Croix de guerre 1939–1945” military decoration. The medieval centre is mainly
{"datasets_id": 904, "wiki_id": "Q6393", "sp": 6, "sc": 1316, "ep": 12, "ec": 6}
904
Q6393
6
1,316
12
6
Brive-la-Gaillarde
History & Transport & Sport
a commercial district with retail shops and various cafés. It is also the location of the city hall, the main police station, and the Labenche museum. One notable landmark outside the inner city is the Pont Cardinal, a bridge which used to be a crossing point for travelers from Paris to Toulouse. Transport Brive-la-Gaillarde railway station offers connections to Limoges, Périgueux, Bordeaux, Clermont-Ferrand, Toulouse, and several regional destinations. The A20 motorway connects Brive with Limoges and Toulouse, the A89 with Bordeaux. Brive–Souillac Airport lies south of the city. It was opened in 2010 to replace the older Brive-La Roche Airport. Sport
{"datasets_id": 904, "wiki_id": "Q6393", "sp": 14, "sc": 0, "ep": 14, "ec": 108}
904
Q6393
14
0
14
108
Brive-la-Gaillarde
Sport
The city is home to a rugby union team, CA Brive. It also hosted the 2009 Junior World Rowing Championships.
{"datasets_id": 905, "wiki_id": "Q3062117", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 78}
905
Q3062117
2
0
6
78
Broadley's dwarf gecko
Etymology
Broadley's dwarf gecko Etymology The specific name, broadleyi, is in honor of herpetologist Donald G. Broadley.
{"datasets_id": 906, "wiki_id": "Q4097124", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 44}
906
Q4097124
2
0
6
44
Broberg/Söderhamn Bandy
History
Broberg/Söderhamn Bandy History Broberg/Söderhamn Bandy was founded in 1919.
{"datasets_id": 907, "wiki_id": "Q30179728", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 436}
907
Q30179728
2
0
10
436
Brock Dykxhoorn
Amateur Career & Houston Astros
Brock Dykxhoorn Amateur Career Dykxhoorn attended St. Anne's Catholic Secondary School in Clinton, Ontario, and Central Arizona College. Houston Astros The Houston Astros selected Dykxhoorn in the sixth round of the 2014 MLB draft, and signed him for a $250,000 signing bonus. After signing, Dykxhoorn was assigned to the Greeneville Astros where he went 3–3 with a 4.31 ERA in 12 games. In 2015, he played for the Quad Cities River Bandits, posting an 8–5 record and 3.88 ERA. He was promoted to the Lancaster JetHawks for the 2016 season where he went 10–4 with a 5.02 ERA in a
{"datasets_id": 907, "wiki_id": "Q30179728", "sp": 10, "sc": 436, "ep": 18, "ec": 198}
907
Q30179728
10
436
18
198
Brock Dykxhoorn
Houston Astros & SK Wyverns & Lotte Giants
career high 123.2 innings pitched. He spent the 2017 season with the Corpus Christi Hooks, going 3–5 with a 4.62 ERA in 25 games pitched. He was released by the Astros organization on November 13, 2018. SK Wyverns On November 16, 2018, he signed with SK Wyverns of the KBO League. He was waived on June 3, 2019. Lotte Giants On June 9, 2019, Dykxhoorn was claimed off waivers by the Lotte Giants of the KBO League. After the seaon, October 13, 2019, he was selected Canada national baseball team at the 2019 WBSC Premier12.
{"datasets_id": 908, "wiki_id": "Q2421987", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 412}
908
Q2421987
2
0
10
412
Brody Hutzler
Early life & Career
Brody Hutzler Early life Ian Brody Hutzler was born on April 20, 1971 in Fairbanks, Alaska. He attended Michigan State University before relocating to Los Angeles. Career Hutzler played the role of Zachary Smith on Guiding Light from 1996–1997 and the role of Cody Dixon on The Young and the Restless from 1999-2004 before moving on to Days of Our Lives, where he played the role of Patrick Lockhart from 2004–2007. He has also made several television guest appearances on shows, such as The WB series Charmed and Angel and the short-lived 2000 NBC series, Titans. He also starred in
{"datasets_id": 908, "wiki_id": "Q2421987", "sp": 10, "sc": 412, "ep": 10, "ec": 650}
908
Q2421987
10
412
10
650
Brody Hutzler
Career
the 2008 film Green Flash, along with Torrey DeVitto and Kristin Cavallari. In 2011, he played Navy Lieutenant Michael Jensen in NCIS. In 2012, he played Jason Sheridan in Ringer. In 2015, he appeared in the film Mega Shark vs. Kolossus.
{"datasets_id": 909, "wiki_id": "Q2691877", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 42}
909
Q2691877
2
0
10
42
Brondesbury Park railway station
History & Connections
Brondesbury Park railway station History The Hampstead Junction Railway route between Willesden Junction (Low Level) and Camden Road (via Gospel Oak) opened in 1860, but at first there were no stations west of Brondesbury. The line was absorbed by the London and North Western Railway in 1867, but it was not until 1 June 1908 that a station at Brondesbury Park was opened. Connections London Buses route 206 serves the station.
{"datasets_id": 910, "wiki_id": "Q16255584", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 68}
910
Q16255584
2
0
4
68
Bronze and Brass Museum
Bronze and Brass Museum The Bronze and Brass Museum is a museum located in Bhaktapur, Nepal.
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 587}
911
Q343916
2
0
6
587
Brooks Atkinson
Biography
Brooks Atkinson Biography Atkinson was born in Melrose, Massachusetts to Jonathan H. Atkinson, a salesman statistician and Garafelia Taylor. As a boy, he printed his own newspaper (using movable type), and planned a career in journalism. He attended Harvard University, where he began writing for the Boston Herald. He graduated from Harvard in 1917, and worked at the Springfield Daily News and the Boston Evening Transcript, where he was assistant to the drama critic. In 1922, he became the editor of the New York Times Book Review, and in 1925 the drama critic. Atkinson married Oriana MacIlveen, a writer, in
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 6, "sc": 587, "ep": 6, "ec": 1201}
911
Q343916
6
587
6
1,201
Brooks Atkinson
Biography
August 1926. On the drama desk, Atkinson quickly became known for his commitment to new kinds of theater—he was one of the first critical admirers of Eugene O'Neill—for his interest in all kinds of drama, including off-Broadway productions. In 1928, he said of the new play The Front Page, "No one who has ground his heels in the grime of a police headquarters press room will complain that this argot misrepresents the gentlemen of the press." In 1932 Atkinson dropped the J. from his bi-line and embraced the witty, direct writing style that became his hallmark. His reviews were reputed to have
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 6, "sc": 1201, "ep": 6, "ec": 1831}
911
Q343916
6
1,201
6
1,831
Brooks Atkinson
Biography
the power to make or break a new stage production: for example, his panning in 1940 of Lawrence Riley's Return Engagement led to that comedy's closure after only eight performances, this despite the fact that Riley's previous comedy, Personal Appearance, had lasted for over 500 performances on Broadway. Atkinson, who was dubbed "the conscience of the theater," was not comfortable with the influence he wielded over the Broadway box office. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Atkinson attempted to enlist in the Navy, but was refused. He requested a reassignment to war coverage, and The New York Times
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 6, "sc": 1831, "ep": 6, "ec": 2445}
911
Q343916
6
1,831
6
2,445
Brooks Atkinson
Biography
sent him to the front lines as a war correspondent in China, where he covered the second Sino-Japanese war until 1945. While in China, he visited Mao Tse-Tung in Yenan and was captivated by Mao, writing favorably on the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) movement, and against the Nationalist government of Chiang Kai-shek, which he saw as reactionary and corrupt. After visiting Yenan, he wrote that the CCP political system was best described as an "agrarian or peasant democracy, or as a farm labor party." Atkinson viewed the Chinese Communist Party as Communist in name only and more democratic than totalitarian;
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 6, "sc": 2445, "ep": 6, "ec": 3056}
911
Q343916
6
2,445
6
3,056
Brooks Atkinson
Biography
the Times effusively titled his article Yenan, a Chinese Wonderland City. After the end of the war, Atkinson stayed only briefly in New York before being sent to Moscow as a press correspondent; his work as the Moscow correspondent for the Times earned him a Pulitzer Prize for Correspondence in 1947. After returning from the Soviet Union, Atkinson was reassigned to the drama desk, where he remained until his retirement in 1960. He is given much credit for the growth of Off-Broadway into a major theatrical force in the 1950s, and has been cited by many influential people in the theatre as
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 6, "sc": 3056, "ep": 6, "ec": 3640}
911
Q343916
6
3,056
6
3,640
Brooks Atkinson
Biography
crucial to their careers. David Merrick's infamous spoof ad for Subways Are For Sleeping—in which he hired seven ordinary New Yorkers who had the same names as prominent drama critics to praise his musical—had to wait for Atkinson's retirement, because Merrick could not find anyone with the right name. There was only one Brooks Atkinson in New York City. Atkinson was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1960. He came briefly out of retirement in 1965 to write a favorable review of Man of La Mancha; his review was printed on the first page of
{"datasets_id": 911, "wiki_id": "Q343916", "sp": 6, "sc": 3640, "ep": 10, "ec": 92}
911
Q343916
6
3,640
10
92
Brooks Atkinson
Biography & Legacy
the show's original souvenir program. After his retirement, he became a member of The Players who organized a tribute dinner for Atkinson's 80th birthday which was attended by Arthur Miller, Elia Kazan, and other prominent actors and playwrights. He died on January 14, 1984 at Crestwood Hospital in Huntsville, Alabama. Atkinson had moved to Huntsville from his farm in Durham, New York in 1981 to be closer to his family. Legacy In 1960, the Mansfield Theatre in New York was renamed Brooks Atkinson Theatre in his honor.
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 537}
912
Q2709928
2
0
6
537
Brother Ali
Early life
Brother Ali Early life Ali was born in Madison, Wisconsin, with albinism, a disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes. He moved with his family to Michigan for a few years and then settled in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in 1992. He attended Robbinsdale Cooper High School in New Hope, Minnesota. He began rapping at age eight. Ali stated that he was influenced by hip hop culture at a very early age. In an interview with Huck magazine, he stated "Ever since I was a little kid, I've always been into hip hop.
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 6, "sc": 537, "ep": 14, "ec": 65}
912
Q2709928
6
537
14
65
Brother Ali
Early life & Television & Podcasts
I started beatboxing when I was about seven years old. Eventually, that led to me falling in love with the words." Television On August 13, 2007, Brother Ali appeared on The Late Late Show and performed his single "Uncle Sam Goddamn" from The Undisputed Truth. On October 19, 2007, Ali appeared on Late Night with Conan O'Brien and performed "Take Me Home" from The Undisputed Truth. On December 16, 2009, Ali appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon and was featured with late night band The Roots. Podcasts On July 24, 2013, Brother Ali appeared on the Maximum Fun podcast
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 14, "sc": 65, "ep": 22, "ec": 220}
912
Q2709928
14
65
22
220
Brother Ali
Podcasts & Films & Personal life
Judge John Hodgman as an "Expert Witness". On April 4, 2017, he appeared on The Combat Jack Show: "The Brother Ali Episode" and on October 19, 2017, on BuzzFeed's See Something Say Something podcast. On April 5, 2018, he appeared on Max Fun's Heat Rocks podcast. Films Ali also appeared in Sacha Jenkins' 2018 documentary Word is Bond. Personal life Ali has a son, Faheem, from his first marriage, and a daughter, Stacy, from his second marriage in 2006. His music frequently addresses his role as a father, parent, and husband. The song "Real as Can Be" off his 2009 EP
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 22, "sc": 220, "ep": 22, "ec": 783}
912
Q2709928
22
220
22
783
Brother Ali
Personal life
The Truth Is Here refers to the incoming daughter and in the song "Fresh Air" from his 2009 album Us, he goes on to say "Just got married last year/ treated so good that it ain't even fair/ already got a boy now the baby girl's here/ Bought us a house like the Berenstain Bears." Ali often makes fun of the media's constant urge to mention his albinism condition in the first lines of their reviews or newspaper articles. He is also legally blind which is caused by his albinism. In an article titled "The Art of Mourning in America", Brother Ali
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 22, "sc": 783, "ep": 26, "ec": 362}
912
Q2709928
22
783
26
362
Brother Ali
Personal life & Religion
said his favorite food is sweet potato pie. The interview was conducted during the month of Ramadan and Ali performed a freestyle: "life long Starvation every month is Ramadan, walk in the crib and I'm surprised that the power's on." Religion Ali converted to Islam at age 15 and followed Imam Warith Deen Mohammed. During this time, Ali was selected to join a group of students on a Malaysian study tour, in which they explored ways that a more liberal Islamic society could peacefully coexist with different religions. Ali credits his conversion to Islam to fellow hip hop musician KRS-One, whom
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 26, "sc": 362, "ep": 30, "ec": 294}
912
Q2709928
26
362
30
294
Brother Ali
Religion & Activism
he met during a lecture at age 13 at a local Minnesotan university. When asked about his faith, Ali stated, "KRS-One was actually the one who told me I should read Malcolm X. He assigned the autobiography of Malcolm X to me; I read it, and that's what led to me becoming a Muslim." Activism Many of Brother Ali's themes of social justice are incorporated into his lyrics, though he also takes part in activism outside of the music. He primarily focuses on themes of racial inequality, slavery, and critiquing the United States government, though overarching themes of hope, acceptance,
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 30, "sc": 294, "ep": 30, "ec": 931}
912
Q2709928
30
294
30
931
Brother Ali
Activism
and rising from sorrow are also often present. Much attention was garnered through Ali's album, The Undisputed Truth, as it heavily criticized much about the United States' political system. After the music video for "Uncle Sam Goddamn" was released in 2007, it quickly gained much attention, and shortly after, the United States Department of Homeland Security froze a money transfer to his record label. In 2012, Ali was arrested along with thirty-seven others while occupying the home of a Minneapolis resident to fight the house's foreclosure. The goal of the protesters was to block the eviction of the family through their
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 30, "sc": 931, "ep": 30, "ec": 1512}
912
Q2709928
30
931
30
1,512
Brother Ali
Activism
assembly and occupancy, but they were unsuccessful. Ali ended up using his celebrity as a platform to discuss these events, and bring them to the attention of his audience. Ali deals heavily with the notion of privilege. He stated in an interview with Yes! magazine that "The best definition of privilege I've heard is anything you don't have to wrestle with, that you don't have to think about." Ali feels a certain obligation to act politically, as he is unwilling to sit aside after experiencing all he has. He states, "I feel like that's my job, and I feel like within
{"datasets_id": 912, "wiki_id": "Q2709928", "sp": 30, "sc": 1512, "ep": 30, "ec": 1622}
912
Q2709928
30
1,512
30
1,622
Brother Ali
Activism
the last few years I fully woke up to that, found the courage to understand that, and stepped out like that."
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 588}
913
Q4975704
2
0
6
588
Brothers in Unity
Founding
Brothers in Unity Founding The Society of Brothers in Unity at Yale College was founded by 21 members of the Yale classes of 1768, 1769, 1770 and 1771. The founders included David Humphreys, who is noted in the society's public 1841 catalogue as the "cornerstone" of the founding class. The society was founded chiefly to combat existing class separation among literary societies; prior to 1768, Yale freshmen were not "received into any Society", and junior society members were forced into the servitude of seniors "under dread of the severest penalties". Humphreys, a freshman of the class of 1771, persuaded two
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 6, "sc": 588, "ep": 10, "ec": 556}
913
Q4975704
6
588
10
556
Brothers in Unity
Founding & Early activity
members of the senior class, three junior class members, two sophomores, and 14 freshmen to support the society's founding. Early activity Immediately after its conception, the society's unorthodox class composition was allegedly challenged by other literary groups at Yale College. According to its catalogue, Brothers in Unity only became an independent institution after persevering "an incessant war" waged by multiple traditional societies who did not support the concept of a four-year debating community. It is speculated that this struggle initiated the Brothers' near 250-year rivalry with Linonia, which previously did not initiate freshman members. Within a year, however, Brothers in
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 10, "sc": 556, "ep": 14, "ec": 248}
913
Q4975704
10
556
14
248
Brothers in Unity
Early activity & 1768-1841
Unity became fully independent, its popularity influencing other societies to reconsider their exclusion of first year students. The Yale College freshman class of 1771 yielded 15 members of Brothers in Unity, while Linonia accepted four; the first noted point in which underclassmen were publicly accepted into a Yale society. The Brothers adopted the motto E parvis oriuntur magna between 1768 and 1769. 1768-1841 Between its founding and 1841, the society is said to have followed the template of other debating societies, although operating under "Masonic secrecy," according to 19th century Yale historian Ebenezer Baldwin. In conjunction with Linonia and the
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 14, "sc": 248, "ep": 14, "ec": 973}
913
Q4975704
14
248
14
973
Brothers in Unity
1768-1841
Calliopean Society, Brothers in Unity was noted by Baldwin to discuss "scientific questions" and gravitate towards "literary pursuits." This is substantiated by the Brother's own public documentation, which denotes that the society sought "lofty places in science, literature, and oratory" fields, as well as general "intellectual improvement." The Brotherhood, between the years of 1768 and 1841, claims membership of 15 Supreme Court Justices (seven of which Chief Justices), 6 United States Governors, 13 Senators, 45 Congressional representatives, 14 presidents of colleges and universities, two United States Attorney Generals, and a United States Vice President. In its catalogue, the Brotherhood also asserts:
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 14, "sc": 973, "ep": 14, "ec": 1595}
913
Q4975704
14
973
14
1,595
Brothers in Unity
1768-1841
"Every President of the United States, with the exception of two, has had in his cabinet one of our members, and the governor's chair of our own state has been filled for twenty years with Brothers in Unity." 26 Yale valedictorians after the position's 1798 founding are attributed to the Society. Membership to the Brothers and the Linonian Society divided the students of Yale College beginning in the turn of the 19th century. Both held expansive literary collections, which they used to compete against each other. Between 1780 and 1841, the Brothers claimed right to more volumes than Linonia, although these
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 14, "sc": 1595, "ep": 14, "ec": 2304}
913
Q4975704
14
1,595
14
2,304
Brothers in Unity
1768-1841
assertions are disputed The two societies' rivalry extended to their membership. Brothers in Unity claims membership of John C. Calhoun, who was alphabetically assigned to Linonia, but had "undiminished attachment" to the Brothers. However, while publications released by both societies repeatedly assert superiority amongst each other, they also express positive sentiment; denoting each other as "ornaments" of Yale and "generous rivals." At the time of the formation of Yale's central library, Linonia and 'Brothers in Unity donated their respective libraries to the university. The donation is commemorated in the Linonia and Brothers Reading Room of Yale's Sterling Memorial Library. The reading
{"datasets_id": 913, "wiki_id": "Q4975704", "sp": 14, "sc": 2304, "ep": 14, "ec": 2495}
913
Q4975704
14
2,304
14
2,495
Brothers in Unity
1768-1841
room contains the Linonia and Brothers (L&B) collection, a travel collection, a collection devoted to medieval history, and a selection of new books recently added to Sterling’s collections.
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 590}
914
Q56279767
2
0
6
590
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
Broughton House, Parramatta History The block on which Broughton House now stands was part of two sixty acre farms, stretching from today's Isabella Street south to the River, that were granted to two seamen from HMS Sirius, Robert Webb (c. 1762-1799) and William Reid (c. 1765-?) in March 1791, by Governor Phillip, for farming. Huts were built for them, two acres of land cleared and they were granted food, seed, agricultural tools, livestock and medical attention. Their assigned convicts were provided for from the public stores for one year. Over the two decades, Farm No. 7 and adjacent landholdings were bought
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 590, "ep": 6, "ec": 1211}
914
Q56279767
6
590
6
1,211
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
up by, and/or granted to, Samuel Marsden. The Reverend Samuel Marsden (1764-1838) was born in Yorkshire and arrived in the colony of New South Wales as assistant to the Chaplain in March 1794. Later becoming Principal Chaplain at Parramatta, he was an ardent farmer and pastoralist and a central member of the Parramatta gentry. While his official Parramatta residence was the Parsonage (on May's Hill), built in 1817 to Francis Greenway's design, he acquired several grants of land, which he called Newlands, on the northern side of the Parramatta River. In 1835, Marsden built a house for his daughter Jane and
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 1211, "ep": 6, "ec": 1845}
914
Q56279767
6
1,211
6
1,845
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
her husband, the Rev Thomas Marsden (cousin of Samuel). A few kilometres east along the banks of the Parramatta River (in today's Rydalmere), Hannibal H. Macarthur had Verge design a two-storey mansion, The Vineyard in 1835. The north bank of the river appeared to be the preferred part of town where many quality homes were built during the 1830s. Waddon Cottage and Pemberton Grange had been erected for the Palmers. Samuel Marsden's house was the first to be named Newlands, built 1835 was west of Campbell's building. Across the river, John Macarthur had enlarged Elizabeth Farm and further east along Duck River,
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 1845, "ep": 6, "ec": 2484}
914
Q56279767
6
1,845
6
2,484
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
John Blaxland had erected a two-storey mansion called Newington House. An indenture dated 1 February 1839 transferred the property (Newlands) to Jane Marsden, daughter of the late Reverend Samuel Marsden for 1500 pounds. Jane Marsden resided in Newlands house only for a short time, for in 1842 she sailed to England with her two children. The property was advertised seeking a tenant for a three-year lease in the "Sydney Morning Herald" in May 1841. Pieter Laurentz Campbell became private secretary, aged seventeen, to Major General Sir Richard Bourke, Acting Governor of the Cape of Good Hope, in 1826. He stayed on at
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 2484, "ep": 6, "ec": 3160}
914
Q56279767
6
2,484
6
3,160
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
the cape after Bourke's departure, joined the military in 1830 and transferred in 1832 to the 21st Regiment, destined for New South Wales. Campbell married Barbara Macleay, daughter of Colonial Secretary, Alexander Macleay, in September 1834. Campbell was posted to Parramatta as Police Magistrate in October 1836. He purchased 15 acres 3 roods from Samuel Marsden's extensive grant named Newlands, district of Field of Mars on 24 November 1837. Campbell was the Police Magistrate for Parramatta from 1836-39. Campbell had borrowed money from William Lawson of Parramatta to build his grand house in 1838/1839. Three months after his appointment, on 1 January
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 3160, "ep": 6, "ec": 3807}
914
Q56279767
6
3,160
6
3,807
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
1837 Campbell purchased eight acres from Rev. Samuel Marsden on the northern side of the Parramatta River, extending to the water and almost opposite Experiment Farm. Building began shortly after, as is evidenced by artist Conrad Martens' "View of Parramatta from the grounds of H. H. Macarthur" dated 25/9/1837 which depicts the very substantial two storey residence. The house was designed by architect John Verge who, about the same time, also drew up plans for Elizabeth Bay House, for Campbell's father-in-law, Alexander Macleay. (Aside from the clues of Verge's stylistic attributes, in February 1839 Campbell applied to purchase 1048 acres
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 3807, "ep": 6, "ec": 4425}
914
Q56279767
6
3,807
6
4,425
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
on the Macleay River and this land was immediately on sold to Verge for a nominal fee. It is reasonable to assume that this was payment). In February 1838 Campbell bought another seven acres from Marsden that adjoined his earlier purchase, extending to the north to present-day Victoria Road. The dwelling and other buildings were completed by 1 February 1839. The Campbells took up residence in a (this new) house that stood "entirely by itself" near the "Government Paddock". The Government Paddock was a designated place and appeared on various maps from c. 1828. It was at the south west corner of
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 4425, "ep": 6, "ec": 5008}
914
Q56279767
6
4,425
6
5,008
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
the present day Great Western Highway and Church Street. In February 1839, as Campbell prepared to move to Sydney to assume the office of Acting Colonial Treasurer, the property was re-acquired by the Marsden family (the Rev. Samuel Marsden had died on 12 May 1838) when Jane, his daughter, purchased it from Campbell. The transfer was done using a legal device known as a "lease and release" which in effect kept the sale secret for at least the term of the lease, in this instance, one year. It also meant that the family could continue to reside there until premises were
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 5008, "ep": 6, "ec": 5619}
914
Q56279767
6
5,008
6
5,619
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
found in the east. Conrad Martens' sketched the house identifying it as the "House of L Campbell Esq. J.P., Parramatta, 20 March 1839". In April 1839 Campbell purchased from Martens his "View of Parramatta" which shows his house as a prominent feature of the landscape as seen from the eastern approach from the river and also the "house at Parramatta", together with a copy. In total he spent 22.1.0 pounds on the three works, a substantial sum for Campbell who was continually plagued with financial shortfalls. He was indeed proud of the house, despite the family's very limited period of occupation
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 5619, "ep": 6, "ec": 6216}
914
Q56279767
6
5,619
6
6,216
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
of only about one year. Elizabeth Macarthur (of Elizabeth Farm south of /over the River) wrote in a letter of 6 March 1839 referring to Campbell and his family being her "near neighbours" and resident in the "new cottage on the Estate of the late Dr. Harris". Historian Sue Rosen notes that Broughton Hall was built in 1837 and designed by John Verge. She quotes Macarthur's 1839 letter further: " Mr Riddell has two years leave of absence from his duties as Colonial Treasurer. Mr Laurentz Campbell who has been our Police Magistrate for the last three years is to take Riddell's
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 6216, "ep": 6, "ec": 6794}
914
Q56279767
6
6,216
6
6,794
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
place - & he is already gone to Sydney - His little Wife and three little ones, who are our near neighbours - & have occupied a new cottage on the Estate of the late Dr. Harris follow as soon as they can get a house in Sydney. Mr Campbell is a most vigilant & active Policy Magistrate and has kept the Town of Parramatta and its neighbourhood free from robberies and disturbances...". The "new cottage" has been taken to mean Experiment Farm Cottage (Harris owned Experiment Farm on the River's southern bank adjoining Elizabeth Farm). Yet the Campbell residence, which
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 6794, "ep": 6, "ec": 7440}
914
Q56279767
6
6,794
6
7,440
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
was sketched in March 1839 by Conrad Martens, was located on the northern side of the river, almost opposite Experiment Farm. This house still stands, although much-altered, and is currently known as Broughton House. It is located at 43A Thomas Street. What would become Broughton House remained in Jane Marsden's name until 1876. Further research is required to establish who occupied the house from 1842 to 1864. It was possibly leased as a residence by military officers. One of the most popular schools in Parramatta was conducted by William Woolls. He first started a school ('Mr Woolls' Academy': Gilbert, 32) at Harrisford
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 7440, "ep": 6, "ec": 8054}
914
Q56279767
6
7,440
6
8,054
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
in George Street, Parramatta in 1842 but moved to the larger premises of Newlands in 1864 (Gilbert says "in or about 1865", noting Woolls' Harrisford Academy was remarkably successful. Never large, catering for about 30 boys at a time it seems to have been a happy, enlightened and enlightening institution which the boys remembered with gratitude and affection). Gilbert adds that Woolls remained at Newlands for the last seven years or so of his teaching career. The school was for local boys as well as boarders. During Woolls' stay at Newlands, he continued his extensive botanical studies including botany in
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 8054, "ep": 6, "ec": 8704}
914
Q56279767
6
8,054
6
8,704
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
the school curriculum, taking the boys regularly on field trips around the hills of Parramatta collecting samples of unknown specimens. Woolls was an important early schoolmaster and botanist. He lectured frequently on the botanical landscape and was recognised by the greatest of the British and European botanists and on whose recommendation Woolls was admitted in 1865, as a Fellow of the Linnean Society in London, one of the most respected scientific organisations in Britain. In August 1872 Woolls retired from teaching and was admitted to the Holy Order in 1873, becoming the Rev. William Woolls. In 1876, Thomas Kendall Bowden bought
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 8704, "ep": 6, "ec": 9313}
914
Q56279767
6
8,704
6
9,313
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
the property for 2,000 pounds (family of lawyers, his father was Mayor of Parramatta, Methodist Pioneers). He died 31 October 1879 and Trustee, William Byrnes was appointed to act on behalf of widow Mary Elizabeth Bowden and the property transferred and later became known as Bowden House. Sarah Emily Richards was the owner of Bowden House on 20 August 1897 paying 2,000 pounds. An 1877 birds-eye view of Parramatta shows the former Campbell residence on the northern side of the river. An enlargement of the Campbell house in this view provides some indication of the scale and the detailing of the
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 9313, "ep": 6, "ec": 9916}
914
Q56279767
6
9,313
6
9,916
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
house. It also indicates a number of large trees, one of which appears tall and narrow and dark, such as an Araucaria sp. pine. In 1906 James Swanton Vickery on behalf of S. E. Richards discharged a mortgage of 4,100 pounds on the property. In 1908 Percival Stacy Waddy paid 3,500 pounds for the property. The house was leased to The King's School at this time. Stacy Waddy, the Headmaster on 16 September 1909, personally financed the mortgage and leased the house to the school council. The property was used to train young men in wool classing, farm management and engineering. Waddy
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 9916, "ep": 6, "ec": 10512}
914
Q56279767
6
9,916
6
10,512
Broughton House, Parramatta
History
first named the property "the Farm House" but later renamed it "Broughton House" in honour of the founder of the King's School in Australia. The property at the time (1909) was known as "The Farm House" and it was renamed "Broughton House" in 1911. It was not until 6 June 1916 that The King's School Council bought the house and land from Waddy. The school continued until 1942 when it closed due to wartime restrictions, re-opening in 1946 and continuing until the mid 1960s. The land was possibly subdivided at this time and house and its smaller allotment were sold. The next
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 6, "sc": 10512, "ep": 10, "ec": 106}
914
Q56279767
6
10,512
10
106
Broughton House, Parramatta
History & Description
use of the building and grounds was as a convalescent home and maintains that use today. The landscaped grounds preserved until at least 1951 have been built upon for other buildings associated with the nursing home. The house survives within the Parramatta Nursing Home. Newlands was bought by Panoramic View Units Pty Ltd in December 1965 for 60,000 pounds. On 24 July 1971 the Certificate of Title was transferred to Parramatta Convalescent Home Pty Ltd and it has since been operated as a nursing home. Description Broughton House is a two-storey Regency style stucco brick dwelling with faceted bays to three elevations.
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 10, "sc": 106, "ep": 10, "ec": 703}
914
Q56279767
10
106
10
703
Broughton House, Parramatta
Description
Curved bay sections and French doors opening to verandahs. It has a hip roof covered in slate. Arched entry porch rising to a tower with a metal dome topped by a weather vane. First floor verandah bays are glassed in. Original twin verandah posts to both levels. Cast iron valance to ground floor verandahs. Twelve pane sash windows. The hall has an ornately carved timber dog leg double staircase and return landing with elaborate timber balustrades and coffered Jacobean like timber ceiling. A panelled room leads of the hall with finely carved timber fireplace and coloured panes to the twelve
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 10, "sc": 703, "ep": 10, "ec": 1389}
914
Q56279767
10
703
10
1,389
Broughton House, Parramatta
Description
paned sash windows. All the main doors have ornate pedimented architraves. The servants' wing exists. It is set in generous grounds with large trees giving shade and privacy. Despite the reduction in extent of its grounds and later building infill and encroachment, some remnant plantings give an idea of the grandeur of the former Newlands/Broughton Hall/House in its heyday. One mature and very tall Californian desert fan palm (Washingtonia robusta) and mature shrubs including Cotoneaster sp. and African olive (Olea europaea var.cuspidata) are near the house. Large trees include two silky oaks (Grevillea robusta), a large lemon-scented gum (Corymbia citriodora), Chinese
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 10, "sc": 1389, "ep": 10, "ec": 2209}
914
Q56279767
10
1,389
10
2,209
Broughton House, Parramatta
Description
elm (Ulmus parvifolia), paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), golden Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa "Aurea Stricta", English oak (Quercus robur), Manchurian pear (Pyrus ussuriensis), bottlebrush (Callistemon, likely C.salignus) and jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia). The property has high archaeologicla resesearch potential. The physical archaeological evidence within this area may include structural features, intact subfloor deposits, open deposits and scatters, ecological samples and individual artefacts which have potential to yield information about the life of Jane and Rev Thomas Marsden, relating to major historic themes including housing, persons, religion, cultural sites, land tenure, townships, agriculture and Welfare.Archaeological evidence at this site is likely to be largely intact,
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 10, "sc": 2209, "ep": 14, "ec": 233}
914
Q56279767
10
2,209
14
233
Broughton House, Parramatta
Description & Heritage listing
though subject to minor disturbance in some areas. The physical condition of the property was reported as good as at 9 June 1999, although much altered and adapted. Broughton House is largely intact. The interior retains many of the original features. Some alterations have been made to accommodate Health Department requirements. Two faceted bows to the western side have been removed. Heritage listing Broughton House is an item of State significance, being a notable example of a Victorian Regency style house that reflects the social and economic status of the wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 14, "sc": 233, "ep": 14, "ec": 890}
914
Q56279767
14
233
14
890
Broughton House, Parramatta
Heritage listing
of New South Wales. It has strong associations with the Marsden family and the King's School. It has association with educational, religious, scientific and literary training through William Woolls School and Kings School. It is the sole remaining home of a series of quality residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vineyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole) Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family). It is a notable example of an Victorian Regency style house. It also has a strong association with the Marsden family and Kings School. It is a picturesque house which is valued for its aesthetic attributes.
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 14, "sc": 890, "ep": 14, "ec": 1539}
914
Q56279767
14
890
14
1,539
Broughton House, Parramatta
Heritage listing
It is an architecturally significant example of the Victorian Regency style. One of the few surviving early houses of Parramatta. It is important for its close associations with the prominent Marsden family for whom it was built and with the King's School which used the house for boarding pupils between 1908 and 1965. It is also important for its historic associations with the early development of Parramatta. Broughton House was listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 1 October 1999 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 14, "sc": 1539, "ep": 14, "ec": 2227}
914
Q56279767
14
1,539
14
2,227
Broughton House, Parramatta
Heritage listing
history in New South Wales. Broughton House reflects the social and economic status of the wealthier free settler who played an essential part in the establishment of New South Wales. It is associated with important Marsden family and other prominent people such as Piter Campbell, William Woolls, Thomas Bowden, Percival Waddy and the Kings School. It is associated with the early development of Parramatta. The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales. Broughton House is a notable example of a Victorian Regency style house, set in large grounds. It demonstrates
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 14, "sc": 2227, "ep": 14, "ec": 2889}
914
Q56279767
14
2,227
14
2,889
Broughton House, Parramatta
Heritage listing
the importance of location and address, being sited on the north side of Parramatta River. The place has strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group in New South Wales for social, cultural or spiritual reasons. Broughton House is valued by the community, which is demonstrated by their concern for its future. It has strong ties with Kings School and was a place that educated many students between 1916 and 1942. The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Broughton House provides an example of the
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 14, "sc": 2889, "ep": 14, "ec": 3586}
914
Q56279767
14
2,889
14
3,586
Broughton House, Parramatta
Heritage listing
interior and exterior construction materials and decoration of its time. It has archaeological potential to reveal details about the original garden layout, remnant structures and how the property was used over time. It has been suggested that Broughton House was designed by Verge. The place possesses uncommon, rare or endangered aspects of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales. Broughton House is the sole remaining home of a series of quality residences which faced south over the Parramatta River such as the Vineyard (Subiaco), Newlands (Athole), Pemberton Grange and Waddon Estate (Palmer Family). The place is important in demonstrating the principal
{"datasets_id": 914, "wiki_id": "Q56279767", "sp": 14, "sc": 3586, "ep": 14, "ec": 3784}
914
Q56279767
14
3,586
14
3,784
Broughton House, Parramatta
Heritage listing
characteristics of a class of cultural or natural places/environments in New South Wales. Broughton House represents the type of residence constructed by the wealthier free settlers of NSW.
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 630}
915
Q4976842
2
0
4
630
Brown–Peterson task
Brown–Peterson task In cognitive psychology, Brown–Peterson task (or Brown–Peterson procedure) refers to a cognitive exercise purposed for testing the limits of working memory capacity. The task is named for two notable experiments published in the 1950s in which it was first documented, the first by John Brown and the second by husband and wife team Lloyd and Margaret Peterson. The task aims to test the quantity of objects that can be held in working memory while preventing participants from using mnemonics or other memory techniques separate from the working memory to increase recall capacity. In the experiment, participants view a
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 4, "sc": 630, "ep": 4, "ec": 1302}
915
Q4976842
4
630
4
1,302
Brown–Peterson task
sequence of three-letter constructs called trigrams, and are asked to perform simple algebraic computations such as counting backwards by 3s from 999 between each trigram. A trigram consists of 3 non-morphemic letters, the importance of which is that each letter represents a different independent object to be stored in working memory; therefore, trigrams avoid letter combinations that depict words or common acronyms. The algebraic computations are administered between trigrams to assure the participant isn't using mnemonic strategies to chunk the letters into a single object. Variants of the Brown–Peterson task are still used today, all with the same fundamental
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 4, "sc": 1302, "ep": 8, "ec": 517}
915
Q4976842
4
1,302
8
517
Brown–Peterson task
Procedure
concept of administering items for the participant to remember whilst preventing the usage of additional cognitive resources to augment working memory. Procedure The Brown–Peterson task refers to two studies published in the late 1950s that used similar procedures, one in 1958 by John Brown and a second in 1959 by Lloyd and Margaret Peterson. The first experiment involved 24 psychology students at Indiana University at the time. The examiner proceeded by spelling a random three-letter nonsense syllable and then enunciating immediately afterwards a random three-digit number. The subject would then count backwards by some assigned number, either three or four, from
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 8, "sc": 517, "ep": 8, "ec": 1161}
915
Q4976842
8
517
8
1,161
Brown–Peterson task
Procedure
the enunciated number. After a set interval, a light signal was flashed to prompt the subject to cease verbally counting and to recall the random, three-letter nonsense syllable. The time interval between the enunciation by the examiner of the nonsense syllable (exposure to the syllable) and the signal prompt to the participant was known as the recall interval; the time interval between the signal prompt and the enunciation of the third letter by the participant was known as a latency. In order to maintain reproducibility of results, each participant was tested eight times using each recall interval, which were 3, 6, 9,
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 8, "sc": 1161, "ep": 8, "ec": 1780}
915
Q4976842
8
1,161
8
1,780
Brown–Peterson task
Procedure
12, and 15 seconds. In addition, each nonsense syllable appeared an equal number of times; the trials were split evenly in terms of counting by either three or four. No successive items contained the same letters, and the time between signal for recall and the next trial was always 15 seconds. In addition, the examiner and participant were instructed to enunciate in rhythm with a 120 BPM metronome, such that two letters or numbers were spoken per second. The second experiment involved 48 psychology students from Indiana University. The exact procedure from the first experiment was followed for 24 of the
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 8, "sc": 1780, "ep": 8, "ec": 2447}
915
Q4976842
8
1,780
8
2,447
Brown–Peterson task
Procedure
students, but the other 24 were asked to repeat the stimulus (i.e., the nonsense syllable) aloud until the examiner stated the three-digit number. Therefore, the only difference between the two experiments was that there was a variable gap between the examiner's enunciation of the stimulus and the number, during which maintenance rehearsal took place. The inspiration behind this experiment was Brown's disbelief that repetition would strengthen the 'memory trace. The purpose of the second experiment was basically to prove or disprove this notion. However, the analysis of the study concluded that forgetting was found to progress at differential rates dependent
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 8, "sc": 2447, "ep": 12, "ec": 709}
915
Q4976842
8
2,447
12
709
Brown–Peterson task
Procedure & Interference
upon the amount of rehearsal that took place'. Interference There are two types of interference: Retroactive interference: This type of interference occurs when new information disrupts the recall of old information. Proactive interference: This type of interference occurs when old information disrupts the recall of new information. Proactive interference affects participant performance in the Brown–Peterson task. The first time the students participate in the task, they show little loss of information. However, after multiple trials, the task becomes increasingly challenging when letters from the early trials are confused with letters in the current trial. Fortunately, proactive interference can be hindered if the information
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 12, "sc": 709, "ep": 16, "ec": 400}
915
Q4976842
12
709
16
400
Brown–Peterson task
Interference & Rehearsal
to be remembered is changed to a different type of information. For example, in the Brown–Peterson task there appeared to be little proactive interference when the participants switched from recalling letters to recalling numbers. Rehearsal A key aspect of the Brown–Peterson task is the fact that it blocks rehearsal, which is used to better recall items in short-term memory. Rehearsal is the concept of directing attention to material that was just learned. This way, it can lengthen the duration of one's short-term memory capacity. In order to accurately calculate the duration of short-term memory using the Brown–Peterson task, such a
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 16, "sc": 400, "ep": 16, "ec": 995}
915
Q4976842
16
400
16
995
Brown–Peterson task
Rehearsal
method must be blocked so as not to falsely increase an unaltered duration. There are two different types of rehearsal: Maintenance rehearsal: This method of rehearsal uses repetition of the items in memory. It is essentially "saying something repeatedly in order to keep it in mind". An example could be attempting to memorize a shopping list while out shopping for groceries. Instead of remembering to take the list out to the store, the shopper could leave it at home and proceed to repeat each word. As useful as this type of rehearsal may seem, it does not guarantee the ability to
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 16, "sc": 995, "ep": 16, "ec": 1685}
915
Q4976842
16
995
16
1,685
Brown–Peterson task
Rehearsal
recall what was memorized after it is no longer rehearsed Elaborative rehearsal: This is type of rehearsal is also known as creative rehearsal. Elaborative rehearsal uses creativity to increase capacity of short-term memory and accurately recall items. Creating associations and connections between something significant to the person memorizing and the item(s) to be memorized is one example of elaborative rehearsal. Another example is the use of mnemonic devices, which are a creative way to mentally arrange the items to be memorized. Three key words in rehearsal are Association, Location, and Imagination. Association is an important factor in rehearsal, as it is the
{"datasets_id": 915, "wiki_id": "Q4976842", "sp": 16, "sc": 1685, "ep": 16, "ec": 2295}
915
Q4976842
16
1,685
16
2,295
Brown–Peterson task
Rehearsal
part of elaborative rehearsal where people make connections with the items and things significant to them. This helps increase capacity of short-term memory as they are recalling items with the help of something meaningful to them. Location is another factor, as incorporating location into what they are trying to memorize may be another association to a significant location in particular, thus making the item much easier to recall. Finally, imagination is essentially the creativity of elaborative rehearsal. It combines creativity with the items to recall in such a way that makes them easiest to recall.
{"datasets_id": 916, "wiki_id": "Q4976012", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 4, "ec": 612}
916
Q4976012
2
0
4
612
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant)
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant) Brown & Bryant Inc. was a chemical distribution company located in Arvin, California in Kern County. The land the company operated on is designated as a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Superfund cleanup site. The company was a formulator of agricultural chemicals including fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and fumigants. Brown & Bryant operated from the 1960s until 1989. The company stored and distributed various chemicals on the site, including the herbicide dinoseb, which was sold by Dow Chemicals, and the pesticides D-D and Nemagon, both sold by Shell Oil Company. During its
{"datasets_id": 916, "wiki_id": "Q4976012", "sp": 4, "sc": 612, "ep": 4, "ec": 1223}
916
Q4976012
4
612
4
1,223
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant)
years of operation in Arvin, there were numerous chemical spills, equipment failures, and leaks that led to many of the chemicals seeping into the soil and upper levels of the groundwater. In 1979, an evaporation pond was built onto the site. On at least two occasions under heavy rainfall the pond received pesticide rinse water and surface runoff from the site. In 1989 the company went out of business and ceased all operations. Investigation of the Site in the 1980s by both the California Department of Toxic Substances Control and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) showed
{"datasets_id": 916, "wiki_id": "Q4976012", "sp": 4, "sc": 1223, "ep": 4, "ec": 1877}
916
Q4976012
4
1,223
4
1,877
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant)
significant contamination of the soil and groundwater. The nearest public well in Arvin is located about 1,700 ft. south and down gradient of the operating site. The public water system in Arvin supplies drinking water to approximately 7,800 people and irrigates about 19,600 acres of surrounding cropland. In 1988, as ordered by the State, Brown & Bryant excavated heavily contaminated soil underneath their pond and installed a liner. The removed soil was then cleaned and treated and returned to the ground using an innovate technology called ultraviolet/ozone. In 1989, the EPA’s emergency response program began to evaluate the
{"datasets_id": 916, "wiki_id": "Q4976012", "sp": 4, "sc": 1877, "ep": 8, "ec": 17}
916
Q4976012
4
1,877
8
17
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant)
Supreme Court Decision
need to conduct removal action at the site; and Brown & Bryant Inc. was placed on the Superfund List. The following year the EPA began to look into and develop long term solutions to the groundwater and soil contamination problems at the site. EPA decided to consolidate the contaminated soil, install a cap over this consolidated soil, and extract and treat water from the first water bearing unit. To remediate the groundwater EPA planned to extract and treat groundwater in the A-zone, which was the source of contamination to the B-zone. Supreme Court Decision Following Brown &
{"datasets_id": 916, "wiki_id": "Q4976012", "sp": 8, "sc": 17, "ep": 8, "ec": 603}
916
Q4976012
8
17
8
603
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant)
Supreme Court Decision
Bryant’s closure in 1989 the EPA and the State undertook the cleanup efforts at the site and looked to apportion some of the costs onto two railroad companies who had leased the land to Brown & Bryant. The United States sued both the Union Pacific Railroad and the Burlington Northern & Santa Fe Railing Company (BNSF), under the "Superfund Law" or the Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). Before the Supreme Court decision, they settled with the EPA to pay nearly $1 million for cleanup costs. The Supreme Court ruled that the railroad companies were to
{"datasets_id": 916, "wiki_id": "Q4976012", "sp": 8, "sc": 603, "ep": 8, "ec": 960}
916
Q4976012
8
603
8
960
Brown & Bryant, Inc. (Arvin Plant)
Supreme Court Decision
pay nine percent of the total cost of cleanup. The United States also sued Shell because they had delivered the chemical products to the Brown & Bryant site. Shell Oil Company maintained that it was not responsible for the cleanup and the Supreme Court ruled in their favor, clearing them of having to share the cost of cleaning up the toxic site.
{"datasets_id": 917, "wiki_id": "Q975125", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 10, "ec": 66}
917
Q975125
2
0
10
66
Browndell, Texas
Geography & Education
Browndell, Texas Geography Browndell is located in northern Jasper County at 31°7′13″N 93°58′55″W (31.120251, -93.982003). U.S. Route 96 runs along the western border of the city, leading south 15 miles (24 km) to Jasper, the county seat, and north 9 miles (14 km) to Pineland. The community is 2 miles (3 km) east of the Sam Rayburn Reservoir. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.4 square miles (6.3 km²), all of it land. Education Browndell is served by the Brookeland Independent School District.
{"datasets_id": 918, "wiki_id": "Q4977899", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 528}
918
Q4977899
2
0
6
528
Bruce Logan (rower)
Life
Bruce Logan (rower) Life Logan was born at Chesterton, Cambridge, the son of John Maxwell Samuel Logan and his wife Alice Mary Bullard. He became a member of Thames Rowing Club and in 1909 and 1911 was a member of the crew that won the Stewards' Challenge Cup at Henley Royal Regatta. Also in the 1911 regatta, Logan and Charles Rought dead heated in a heat of Silver Goblets against the eventual winners Julius Beresford and Arthur Cloutte to set a course record which lasted until 1934. A year later in 1912 Rought and Logan won Silver Goblets. He was
{"datasets_id": 918, "wiki_id": "Q4977899", "sp": 6, "sc": 528, "ep": 6, "ec": 660}
918
Q4977899
6
528
6
660
Bruce Logan (rower)
Life
the strokeman of the Thames Rowing Club coxed four which won the silver medal for Great Britain rowing at the 1912 Summer Olympics.
{"datasets_id": 919, "wiki_id": "Q4978267", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 620}
919
Q4978267
2
0
6
620
Bruce Scott (Australian politician)
Biography
Bruce Scott (Australian politician) Biography Scott was born in Roma, Queensland, and was a wool and grain grower before entering politics. He was educated at the Anglican Church Grammar School in Brisbane. Before entering politics, Scott was president of the Queensland Merino Stud Sheep Breeders Association, president of the Maranoa Graziers' Association and president of the Australian Association of Stud Merino Breeders. He was a Nuffield Farming Scholar in 1983. Scott was first elected in 1990, and has held this safely conservative seat without serious difficulty since then. Maranoa has been in Country/National hands for all but three years since
{"datasets_id": 919, "wiki_id": "Q4978267", "sp": 6, "sc": 620, "ep": 6, "ec": 1255}
919
Q4978267
6
620
6
1,255
Bruce Scott (Australian politician)
Biography
1921, and without interruption since 1943. He currently holds the seat with a majority of 22.3 percent, the second-safest seat in Australia. He was a member of the Opposition Shadow Ministry 1992–96. He was Minister for Veterans' Affairs from 1996 to 1998, and Minister for Veterans' Affairs and Minister Assisting the Minister for Defence from 1998 to 2001. Following the resignation of Harry Jenkins as Speaker of the House on 24 November 2011, Scott was nominated for the position of Deputy Speaker of the House by Liberal MP Christopher Pyne. Scott accepted the nomination and a ballot took place, installing Anna
{"datasets_id": 919, "wiki_id": "Q4978267", "sp": 6, "sc": 1255, "ep": 6, "ec": 1624}
919
Q4978267
6
1,255
6
1,624
Bruce Scott (Australian politician)
Biography
Burke as the Deputy Speaker of the House. Following the resignation of Peter Slipper as Speaker on 9 October 2012, Burke was elected as his replacement. Scott was nominated by Pyne as Deputy; with his nomination seconded by Tony Windsor. Scott defeated Steve Georganas in a ballot. Scott announced on 3 August 2015 that he would not stand in the next election.
{"datasets_id": 920, "wiki_id": "Q2926720", "sp": 2, "sc": 0, "ep": 6, "ec": 606}
920
Q2926720
2
0
6
606
Bruno Côté
Biography
Bruno Côté Biography Bruno Côté was born in Quebec City in August 1940. His youth in a family where art held a strong significance encouraged the development of his artistic talents. He joined the family's publicity business in 1957. In 1978 he moved to Baie-Saint-Paul, where he held his first important solo exhibition. In 1980 he began to travel, painting landscapes in many different regions of Canada. Bruno Côté is represented by art galleries across Canada. Such art galleries have been for example, in the Chateau Laurier hotel of Ottawa Canada. In 2008 the Canadian Parliament gave Côté's painting, The Portage
{"datasets_id": 920, "wiki_id": "Q2926720", "sp": 6, "sc": 606, "ep": 6, "ec": 794}
920
Q2926720
6
606
6
794
Bruno Côté
Biography
Trail to the Parliament of Scotland to mark the opening of the Scottish Parliament Building. Côté died on June 30, 2010 in Baie-Saint-Paul, after prostate cancer had metastasized.