+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [92]:
+
+
+
+
+
+## Handle secrets either from env vars or streamlit manager
+import streamlit as st
+import os
+api_key = os.getenv("LITELLM_KEY")
+if api_key is None:
+ api_key = st.secrets["LITELLM_KEY"]
+cirrus_key = os.getenv("CIRRUS_KEY")
+if cirrus_key is None:
+ cirrus_key = st.secrets["CIRRUS_KEY"]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [93]:
+
+
+
+
+
+import os
+import requests
+import zipfile
+
+def download_and_unzip(url, output_dir):
+ response = requests.get(url)
+ zip_file_path = os.path.basename(url)
+ with open(zip_file_path, 'wb') as f:
+ f.write(response.content)
+ with zipfile.ZipFile(zip_file_path, 'r') as zip_ref:
+ zip_ref.extractall(output_dir)
+ os.remove(zip_file_path)
+
+download_and_unzip("https://minio.carlboettiger.info/public-data/hwc.zip", "hwc")
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [94]:
+
+
+
+
+
+import pathlib
+from langchain_community.document_loaders import PyPDFLoader
+
+def pdf_loader(path):
+ all_documents = []
+ docs_dir = pathlib.Path(path)
+ for file in docs_dir.iterdir():
+ loader = PyPDFLoader(file)
+ documents = loader.load()
+ all_documents.extend(documents)
+ return all_documents
+
+docs = pdf_loader('hwc/')
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [95]:
+
+
+
+
+
+# NRP embedding model tends to throw errors
+# embedding = OpenAIEmbeddings(model = "embed-mistral", api_key = api_key, base_url = "https://llm.nrp-nautilus.io")
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [96]:
+
+
+
+
+
+## Use the model on Cirrus instead:
+
+from langchain_openai import OpenAIEmbeddings
+embedding = OpenAIEmbeddings(
+ model = "cirrus",
+ api_key = cirrus_key,
+ base_url = "https://llm.cirrus.carlboettiger.info/v1",
+)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [97]:
+
+
+
+
+
+# Build a retrival agent
+from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
+text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=5000, chunk_overlap=500)
+splits = text_splitter.split_documents(docs)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [98]:
+
+
+
+
+
+# slow part here, runs on remote GPU
+from langchain_core.vectorstores import InMemoryVectorStore
+vectorstore = InMemoryVectorStore.from_documents(documents = splits, embedding = embedding)
+retriever = vectorstore.as_retriever()
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [99]:
+
+
+
+
+
+# Choose any of the models listed by their short-name:
+# see `curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $OPENAI_API_KEY" https://llm.nrp-nautilus.io/v1/models`
+"""
+models = {"llama3": "llama3-sdsc",
+ "deepseek-small": "DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B",
+ "deepseek": "deepseek-r1-qwen-qualcomm",
+ "gemma3": "gemma3",
+ "phi3": "phi3",
+ "olmo": "olmo"
+ }
+"""
+from langchain_openai import ChatOpenAI
+#llm = ChatOpenAI(model = models['gemma3'],
+ #api_key = api_key,
+ #base_url = "https://llm.nrp-nautilus.io",
+ #temperature=0)
+
+
+from langchain.chains import create_retrieval_chain
+from langchain.chains.combine_documents import create_stuff_documents_chain
+from langchain_core.prompts import ChatPromptTemplate
+
+"""
+system_prompt = (
+ "You are an assistant for question-answering tasks. "
+ "Use the following scientific articles as the retrieved context to answer "
+ "the question. Appropriately cite the articles from the context on which your answer is based using (Author, Year) format. "
+ "Do not attempt to cite articles that are not in the context."
+ "If you don't know the answer, say that you don't know."
+ "Use up to five sentences maximum and keep the answer concise.\n\n"
+ "{context}"
+)
+
+prompt = ChatPromptTemplate.from_messages(
+ [
+ ("system", system_prompt),
+ ("human", "{input}"),
+ ]
+)
+question_answer_chain = create_stuff_documents_chain(retriever, prompt)
+rag_chain = create_retrieval_chain(retriever, question_answer_chain)
+"""
+
+def test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2):
+ retriever.search_kwargs["k"] = k # restrict top-k results
+ retrieved_docs = retriever.invoke(query)
+
+ print(f"\n🔍 Query: {query}")
+ print(f"\n📄 Top {k} Retrieved Documents:\n" + "-"*60)
+
+ for i, doc in enumerate(retrieved_docs):
+ print(f"\n--- Document #{i+1} ---")
+ print(doc.page_content[:1000]) # preview first 1000 chars
+ if hasattr(doc, "metadata") and doc.metadata:
+ print("\n[Metadata]:", doc.metadata)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [123]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "I live in Tanzania and am having issues with lions breaking into my boma and preying on cattle. What are a few ways to help me prevent this from happening in the future? "
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: I live in Tanzania and am having issues with lions breaking into my boma and preying on cattle. What are a few ways to help me prevent this from happening in the future?
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+23. Carbone C, Teacher A, Rowcliffe JM. The costs of carnivor y. PLoS Biol. 2007; 5: 0363–0368. https://
+doi.org/10.13 71/journal.p bio.0050022 PMID: 17227145
+24. Grant J, Hopcraft C, Sinclair ARE, Packer C. Planning for success: Serenget i lions seek prey accessib il-
+ity rather than abundance. J Anim Ecol. 2005; 74: 559–566. https://d oi.org/10.111 1/j.1365 -2656.2005.
+00955.x
+25. Tuqa. The Impact of Climate Variability on the Ecology of a Lion (Panthera leo Linnae us 1758) Popula-
+tion and Lion-Lives tock Conflicts in the Amboseli Ecosyste m-Kenya . University of Leiden . 2015.
+LED flashlight technique in reducing livestoc k depredation by Lions (Panthera leo)
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.01908 98 January 31, 2018 17 / 18
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'PDFlib+PDI 8.0.2p1 (C++/Win64); modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.3 ©2000-2014 iText Group NV (AGPL-version)', 'creator': 'Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.0.2857/W Unicode-x64', 'creationdate': '2018-01-10T21:11:13+05:30', 'title': 'Effectiveness of a LED flashlight technique in reducing livestock depredation by lions (Panthera leo) around Nairobi National Park, Kenya', 'eps_processor': 'PStill version 1.76.22', 'moddate': '2018-01-10T21:12:24+05:30', 'author': "Francis Lesilau, Myrthe Fonck, Maria Gatta, Charles Musyoki, Maarten van 't Zelfde, Gerard A. Persoon, Kees C. J. M. Musters, Geert R. de Snoo, Hans H. de Iongh", 'source': 'hwc\\Lesilau et al. 2018.pdf', 'total_pages': 18, 'page': 16, 'page_label': '17'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+Bomas constructed with high wooden post supported by chain-link (χ
+2
+= 8.1131, df = 1, p-
+value < 0.005) and barbed wire with post fence, were attacked less frequently than the other
+categories (p <0.05, Fig 8). None of the other deterrence variables (scare crow, dogs, spotlight,
+Table 1. GLMER showing the significance variables in relation to predation around the park using likeliho od ratio test.
+Variables Df AIC LRT Pr(Chi) Significa nce
+Flashlight 1 743.92 14.303 0.0001556
+
+Years 1 742.83 13.220 0.0002770
+
+Mean Rainfall 1 741.64 12.029 0.0005237
+
+Park Distance 1 743.95 14.333 0.0001532
+
+Significance codes: 0 ‘
+
+’, 0.001 ‘
+
+’, 0.01 ‘
+
+’, 0.05’.’, 0.1 ’ ’, 1[
+
+] represent s the reference variable.
+Model 1: Attnight ~ Flashlight + Year + Mean Rainfall + Park Distance+ (1 | Code) + (1 | Years)
+https://do i.org/10.1371/j ournal.pone .0190898.t001
+Fig 6. Mean number of nocturnal and diurnal boma attacks around NNP between 2007 and 2016 at different dista
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'PDFlib+PDI 8.0.2p1 (C++/Win64); modified using iTextSharp™ 5.5.3 ©2000-2014 iText Group NV (AGPL-version)', 'creator': 'Arbortext Advanced Print Publisher 11.0.2857/W Unicode-x64', 'creationdate': '2018-01-10T21:11:13+05:30', 'title': 'Effectiveness of a LED flashlight technique in reducing livestock depredation by lions (Panthera leo) around Nairobi National Park, Kenya', 'eps_processor': 'PStill version 1.76.22', 'moddate': '2018-01-10T21:12:24+05:30', 'author': "Francis Lesilau, Myrthe Fonck, Maria Gatta, Charles Musyoki, Maarten van 't Zelfde, Gerard A. Persoon, Kees C. J. M. Musters, Geert R. de Snoo, Hans H. de Iongh", 'source': 'hwc\\Lesilau et al. 2018.pdf', 'total_pages': 18, 'page': 10, 'page_label': '11'}
+
+
+
+Out[123]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [125]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "What should I do if elephants are destroying my crops? And what are the most cost-effective prevention methods, if there are any you know of?"
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: What should I do if elephants are destroying my crops? And what are the most cost-effective prevention methods, if there are any you know of?
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+242 Conflict Intervention Priorities
+helps foster more effective collaboration (Game et al.
+2013; Lute et al. 2018). Third, both the survey results
+and feedback were consistent with recent scholarship
+(Redpath et al. 2017) that highlights participatory and
+stakeholder-first conflict interventions as best practice
+and advocates multipronged (Hazzah et al. 2014) and
+adaptive management strategies (Bunnefeld et al. 2017).
+Education and awareness programs were often cited in
+feedback as being necessary additions to any interven-
+tions. However, given the failures of many awareness-
+based conservation programs (Schultz 2011), a further
+exploration into why and where conservation decision
+makers deem them most appropriate is important. Ap-
+proaches that are specifically aimed at a particular au-
+dience, such as social marketing (Salazar et al. 2018),
+may be more effective than simple information provision
+or—often-problematic—enforcement (Duffy et al. 2019).
+However, how different interventio
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'Acrobat Distiller 10.1.10 (Windows); modified using iText 4.2.0 by 1T3XT', 'creator': 'LaTeX with hyperref package', 'creationdate': '2020-01-16T12:33:42+05:30', 'keywords': '', 'moddate': '2025-05-27T12:12:25-07:00', 'subject': 'Conservation Biology 2020.34:232-243', 'wps-proclevel': '3', 'wps-journaldoi': '10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739', 'author': '', 'title': 'Predicting intervention priorities for wildlife conflicts', 'wps-articledoi': '10.1111/cobi.13372', 'source': 'hwc\\Baynham-Herd et al. 2019.pdf', 'total_pages': 12, 'page': 10, 'page_label': '242'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+3
+Vol.:(0123456789)Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:15341 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72343-6
+www.nature.com/scientificreports/
+numbers increase and more bears need more food26,43,44. Hence, the effectiveness of anti-bear interventions can
+be lower than expected when hungry bears become persistent and more aggressive in damaging behaviour. As
+high density may lead to more bears involved in conflicts, it also could increase the demand for bear removal45
+and affect the effectiveness of removal techniques such as translocation and lethal control.
+In this paper, we compiled a global database of intervention effectiveness against bears and studied how it
+is related to bear species and densities, duration of intervention application, and intervention techniques. We
+attempted to find and describe the most effective and the least effective interventions against bears. Further, we
+tested several hypotheses: (1) lethal control and invasive management are less effective th
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'Adobe PDF Library 15.0; modified using iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version)', 'creator': 'Springer', 'creationdate': '2020-09-14T15:09:33+05:30', 'crossmarkdomains[1]': 'springer.com', 'moddate': '2020-09-14T15:58:07+02:00', 'crossmarkmajorversiondate': '2010-04-23', 'subject': 'Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72343-6', 'author': 'Igor Khorozyan', 'title': 'Variation and conservation implications of the effectiveness of anti-bear interventions', 'crossmarkdomainexclusive': 'true', 'robots': 'noindex', 'doi': '10.1038/s41598-020-72343-6', 'crossmarkdomains[2]': 'springerlink.com', 'source': 'hwc\\Khorozyan and Waltert 2020.pdf', 'total_pages': 9, 'page': 2, 'page_label': '3'}
+
+
+
+Out[125]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [127]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "I know jaguars can prey on goats and cattle, which I have; what measures can I take to save them from getting harmed? Can you check these pdfs to see which ones might help?"
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: I know jaguars can prey on goats and cattle, which I have; what measures can I take to save them from getting harmed? Can you check these pdfs to see which ones might help?
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+hypothesis was that index of pre- and post-ban use
+was the same for both types of feeding sites.
+We calculated the average annual number of
+observed bears during pre- and post-ban periods
+for each feeding site. We then used these averages
+instead of raw data from individual counts. We
+calculated an annual index of feeding site use by
+pooling data from all feeding sites (average number
+of bears counted at feeding sites in post-ban period
+divided by average number of bears counted in pre-
+ban period). Subsequently, we used bootstrapping
+with 1,000 simulations to test for differences between
+SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING AND BEAR DEPREDATIONS N Kavcˇicˇ et al. 113
+Ursus 24(2):111–119 (2013)
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'GPL Ghostscript 9.26', 'creator': '', 'creationdate': '2022-06-06T23:09:49-07:00', 'moddate': '2022-06-06T23:09:49-07:00', 'title': '', 'author': '', 'subject': '', 'keywords': '', 'source': 'hwc\\Kavcic et al. 2013.pdf', 'total_pages': 9, 'page': 2, 'page_label': '3'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+1
+Vol.:(0123456789)Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:15341 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72343-6
+www.nature.com/scientificreports
+Variation and conservation
+implications of the effectiveness
+of anti‑bear interventions
+igor Khorozyan* & Matthias Waltert
+Human-bear conflicts triggered by nuisance behaviour in public places and damage to livestock, crops,
+beehives and trees are among the main threats to bear populations globally. The effectiveness of
+interventions used to minimize bear-caused damage is insufficiently known and comparative reviews
+are lacking. We conducted a meta-analysis of 77 cases from 48 publications and used the relative
+risk of damage to compare the effectiveness of non-invasive interventions, invasive management
+(translocations) and lethal control (shooting) against bears. We show that the most effective
+interventions are electric fences (95% confidence interval = 79.2–100% reduction in damage), calving
+control (100%) and livestock replacement
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'Adobe PDF Library 15.0; modified using iText® 5.3.5 ©2000-2012 1T3XT BVBA (SPRINGER SBM; licensed version)', 'creator': 'Springer', 'creationdate': '2020-09-14T15:09:33+05:30', 'crossmarkdomains[1]': 'springer.com', 'moddate': '2020-09-14T15:58:07+02:00', 'crossmarkmajorversiondate': '2010-04-23', 'subject': 'Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72343-6', 'author': 'Igor Khorozyan', 'title': 'Variation and conservation implications of the effectiveness of anti-bear interventions', 'crossmarkdomainexclusive': 'true', 'robots': 'noindex', 'doi': '10.1038/s41598-020-72343-6', 'crossmarkdomains[2]': 'springerlink.com', 'source': 'hwc\\Khorozyan and Waltert 2020.pdf', 'total_pages': 9, 'page': 0, 'page_label': '1'}
+
+
+
+Out[127]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [129]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "I am trying to prevent coyotes from eating the calves of my free-range cattle. What may work best and incentivize them to stay away?"
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: I am trying to prevent coyotes from eating the calves of my free-range cattle. What may work best and incentivize them to stay away?
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+hypothesis was that index of pre- and post-ban use
+was the same for both types of feeding sites.
+We calculated the average annual number of
+observed bears during pre- and post-ban periods
+for each feeding site. We then used these averages
+instead of raw data from individual counts. We
+calculated an annual index of feeding site use by
+pooling data from all feeding sites (average number
+of bears counted at feeding sites in post-ban period
+divided by average number of bears counted in pre-
+ban period). Subsequently, we used bootstrapping
+with 1,000 simulations to test for differences between
+SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING AND BEAR DEPREDATIONS N Kavcˇicˇ et al. 113
+Ursus 24(2):111–119 (2013)
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'GPL Ghostscript 9.26', 'creator': '', 'creationdate': '2022-06-06T23:09:49-07:00', 'moddate': '2022-06-06T23:09:49-07:00', 'title': '', 'author': '', 'subject': '', 'keywords': '', 'source': 'hwc\\Kavcic et al. 2013.pdf', 'total_pages': 9, 'page': 2, 'page_label': '3'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+depredation rates on domestic sheep (i.e. risk-taking behaviours)
+increased when coyotes were energetically challenged during
+whelping and provisioning of pups, and that removing pups from a
+territorial, depredating breeding pair reduced predation rates on
+sheep. In subsequent research, sterilized coyotes reduced predation
+rates on domestic lambs six- to eight-fold without affecting social
+behaviour and territory maintenance (Bromley & Gese, 2001a,
+2001b). Thus, anticipating how carnivores might shift their
+behaviour in response to available resources and in relation to the
+relative costs associated with anthropogenic‘predatory stimuli’ is
+critical for carnivoreeconflict mitigation.
+Complementing management strategies intended to lessen the
+energetic reward associated with risk-taking behaviours are efforts
+designed to modify or interrupt a carnivore's predatory sequence
+(i.e. killing livestock;Knowlton, Gese,& Jaeger, 1999; Shivik, 2006).
+Here, we emphasize that the predatory sequence
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows)', 'creator': 'Elsevier', 'creationdate': '2016-09-26T20:02:29+05:30', 'crossmarkdomains[2]': 'elsevier.com', 'crossmarkmajorversiondate': '2010-04-23', 'subject': 'Animal Behaviour, 120 (2016) 245-254. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.013', 'author': 'Bradley F. Blackwell', 'elsevierwebpdfspecifications': '6.5', 'crossmarkdomainexclusive': 'true', 'robots': 'noindex', 'moddate': '2016-09-26T20:03:01+05:30', 'doi': '10.1016/j.anbehav.2016.07.013', 'crossmarkdomains[1]': 'sciencedirect.com', 'title': 'No single solution: application of behavioural principles in mitigating human-wildlife conflict', 'source': 'hwc\\Blackwell et al. 2016.pdf', 'total_pages': 10, 'page': 5, 'page_label': '250'}
+
+
+
+Out[129]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [131]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "Deers keep destroying and taking over our large agricultural fields. Is there anything I can try to prevent this that won’t break the bank?"
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: Deers keep destroying and taking over our large agricultural fields. Is there anything I can try to prevent this that won’t break the bank?
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+and among lethal interventions, 48.6% investigated culling (N =1 7 ) ,
+34.3% retaliatory killing (N = 12), and 17.1% trophy-hunting (N =6 ) .
+Contrary to the whole body of literature, most of these case studies were
+located in the Neartic (63.6%) followed by the Afrotropic (24.5%) and
+Paleartic (7.7%) (Fig. 3). Nonetheless, the species included in the case studies
+reflected the generalfindings, with most of the management experiments
+being conducted on wolves (29.4%) followed by bears (23.8%) and leopards
+(16.1%) (Fig. 2). Surprisingly, almost none of the experiments were con-
+ducted on tigers, despite their strong presence in the whole literature and
+their heavy impact, including attacks on humans (Dhungana et al., 2016).
+Fig. 2.Species prevalence in literature (black bars,N = 525) and case studies (gray bars, N = 143).
+Fig. 3.Geographic prevalence in literature (black bars, N = 525) and case studies (gray bars,N = 143), with species involved per geographic area. In circles, mean result
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'PyPDF', 'creator': 'Elsevier', 'creationdate': '2022-06-07T02:40:21+00:00', 'author': 'Charlotte Lorand', 'crossmarkdomains[1]': 'elsevier.com', 'crossmarkdomains[2]': 'sciencedirect.com', 'crossmarkdomainexclusive': 'true', 'crossmarkmajorversiondate': '2010-04-23', 'elsevierwebpdfspecifications': '7.0', 'keywords': 'Human-carnivore coexistence; Lethal control; Non-lethal management; Conservation interventions; Effectiveness; Evidence-based', 'moddate': '2022-06-07T02:40:21+00:00', 'subject': 'Science of the Total Environment, 838 (2022) 156195. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156195', 'title': "Effectiveness of interventions for managing human-large carnivore conflicts worldwide: Scare them off, don't remove them", 'doi': '10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156195', 'robots': 'noindex', 'source': 'hwc\\Lorand et al. 2022.pdf', 'total_pages': 11, 'page': 5, 'page_label': '6'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+hypothesis was that index of pre- and post-ban use
+was the same for both types of feeding sites.
+We calculated the average annual number of
+observed bears during pre- and post-ban periods
+for each feeding site. We then used these averages
+instead of raw data from individual counts. We
+calculated an annual index of feeding site use by
+pooling data from all feeding sites (average number
+of bears counted at feeding sites in post-ban period
+divided by average number of bears counted in pre-
+ban period). Subsequently, we used bootstrapping
+with 1,000 simulations to test for differences between
+SUPPLEMENTAL FEEDING AND BEAR DEPREDATIONS N Kavcˇicˇ et al. 113
+Ursus 24(2):111–119 (2013)
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'GPL Ghostscript 9.26', 'creator': '', 'creationdate': '2022-06-06T23:09:49-07:00', 'moddate': '2022-06-06T23:09:49-07:00', 'title': '', 'author': '', 'subject': '', 'keywords': '', 'source': 'hwc\\Kavcic et al. 2013.pdf', 'total_pages': 9, 'page': 2, 'page_label': '3'}
+
+
+
+Out[131]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [133]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "We live in a suburb and bears sometimes come into our town to eat from our fruit trees and trash. What are the best ways for us to prevent this as a community without removing our fruit trees? Can you check these pdfs to see which ones might help? https://minio.carlboettiger.info/public-data/hwc.zip"
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: We live in a suburb and bears sometimes come into our town to eat from our fruit trees and trash. What are the best ways for us to prevent this as a community without removing our fruit trees? Can you check these pdfs to see which ones might help? https://minio.carlboettiger.info/public-data/hwc.zip
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+242 Conflict Intervention Priorities
+helps foster more effective collaboration (Game et al.
+2013; Lute et al. 2018). Third, both the survey results
+and feedback were consistent with recent scholarship
+(Redpath et al. 2017) that highlights participatory and
+stakeholder-first conflict interventions as best practice
+and advocates multipronged (Hazzah et al. 2014) and
+adaptive management strategies (Bunnefeld et al. 2017).
+Education and awareness programs were often cited in
+feedback as being necessary additions to any interven-
+tions. However, given the failures of many awareness-
+based conservation programs (Schultz 2011), a further
+exploration into why and where conservation decision
+makers deem them most appropriate is important. Ap-
+proaches that are specifically aimed at a particular au-
+dience, such as social marketing (Salazar et al. 2018),
+may be more effective than simple information provision
+or—often-problematic—enforcement (Duffy et al. 2019).
+However, how different interventio
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'Acrobat Distiller 10.1.10 (Windows); modified using iText 4.2.0 by 1T3XT', 'creator': 'LaTeX with hyperref package', 'creationdate': '2020-01-16T12:33:42+05:30', 'keywords': '', 'moddate': '2025-05-27T12:12:25-07:00', 'subject': 'Conservation Biology 2020.34:232-243', 'wps-proclevel': '3', 'wps-journaldoi': '10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739', 'author': '', 'title': 'Predicting intervention priorities for wildlife conflicts', 'wps-articledoi': '10.1111/cobi.13372', 'source': 'hwc\\Baynham-Herd et al. 2019.pdf', 'total_pages': 12, 'page': 10, 'page_label': '242'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+8
+
+
+
+
+
+Figure A5. Silhouette width plot of the k-medoid partitions with k = 2 to 10 used to estimate the best
+number of clusters to describe livestock husbandry systems within the wolf range in northern Portugal
+(see the main text for details).
+
+2 4 6 8 10
+0.20 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.32
+Number of clusters
+Silhouette Width
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'PDF Architect 3', 'creator': 'PDF Architect 3', 'creationdate': '2017-01-25T14:50:41+00:00', 'author': 'V. Pimenta', 'moddate': '2017-01-25T14:52:31+00:00', 'source': 'hwc\\Pimenta et al. 2017.pdf', 'total_pages': 20, 'page': 17, 'page_label': '18'}
+
+
+
+Out[133]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [135]:
+
+
+
+
+
+test_query = "If we live in an area with a lot of wolves, what cattle husbandry strategies should I employ to prevent any sort of wildlife-human conflict? Can you check these pdfs to see which ones might help? https://minio.carlboettiger.info/public-data/hwc.zip"
+test_retriever_only(test_query, k=2)
+test_retriever_only
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+🔍 Query: If we live in an area with a lot of wolves, what cattle husbandry strategies should I employ to prevent any sort of wildlife-human conflict? Can you check these pdfs to see which ones might help? https://minio.carlboettiger.info/public-data/hwc.zip
+
+📄 Top 2 Retrieved Documents:
+------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Document #1 ---
+242 Conflict Intervention Priorities
+helps foster more effective collaboration (Game et al.
+2013; Lute et al. 2018). Third, both the survey results
+and feedback were consistent with recent scholarship
+(Redpath et al. 2017) that highlights participatory and
+stakeholder-first conflict interventions as best practice
+and advocates multipronged (Hazzah et al. 2014) and
+adaptive management strategies (Bunnefeld et al. 2017).
+Education and awareness programs were often cited in
+feedback as being necessary additions to any interven-
+tions. However, given the failures of many awareness-
+based conservation programs (Schultz 2011), a further
+exploration into why and where conservation decision
+makers deem them most appropriate is important. Ap-
+proaches that are specifically aimed at a particular au-
+dience, such as social marketing (Salazar et al. 2018),
+may be more effective than simple information provision
+or—often-problematic—enforcement (Duffy et al. 2019).
+However, how different interventio
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'Acrobat Distiller 10.1.10 (Windows); modified using iText 4.2.0 by 1T3XT', 'creator': 'LaTeX with hyperref package', 'creationdate': '2020-01-16T12:33:42+05:30', 'keywords': '', 'moddate': '2025-05-27T12:12:25-07:00', 'subject': 'Conservation Biology 2020.34:232-243', 'wps-proclevel': '3', 'wps-journaldoi': '10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739', 'author': '', 'title': 'Predicting intervention priorities for wildlife conflicts', 'wps-articledoi': '10.1111/cobi.13372', 'source': 'hwc\\Baynham-Herd et al. 2019.pdf', 'total_pages': 12, 'page': 10, 'page_label': '242'}
+
+--- Document #2 ---
+Fig 1. The effects of AC programs on three metrics of black bear wariness, Whistler BC, 2007–2008. A and B show
+the average observed percent change in overt reaction distance and displace ment distance among bears in the AC
+Group and the Control Group. Error bars represent standard error. C shows the predicted effect of the number of AC
+events conduc ted during the previous 30 days on the likeliho od that a bear will flee from research ers prior to their
+beginning AC treatm ent.
+https://d oi.org/10.1371/j ournal.pon e.0295989.g0 01
+PLOS ONE
+Aversive condition ing of conflict black bears
+PLOS ONE | https://doi.or g/10.137 1/journal.po ne.02959 89 January 2, 2024 8 / 19
+
+[Metadata]: {'producer': 'PDFlib+PDI 9.3.1p2 (C++/Win64)', 'creator': 'PTC Arbortext Layout Developer 12.1.6180/W-x64', 'creationdate': '2023-12-25T16:46:13+05:30', 'title': 'Aversive conditioning increases short-term wariness but does not change habitat use in black bears associated with conflict', 'epsprocessor': 'PStill version 1.84.42', 'author': 'Lori Homstol, Sage Raymond, Claire Edwards, Anthony N. Hamilton, Colleen Cassady St. Clair', 'moddate': '2023-12-25T16:46:13+05:30', 'source': 'hwc\\Homstol et al. 2024.pdf', 'total_pages': 19, 'page': 7, 'page_label': '8'}
+
+
+
+Out[135]:
+
+
+<function __main__.test_retriever_only(query: str, k: int = 2)>+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+In [ ]:
+
+
+
+
+
+
+